KR101451894B1 - Smartphone based apparatus and method for testing pupillary light reflex - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for examining a pupil reaction for a smartphone, wherein a pupil reaction test request signal is generated in response to a user operation of executing a pupil reaction test application for a smartphone; Generates a camera control signal and a flash control signal in a control unit according to an inspection request signal; The operation of the camera is performed according to a preset photographing condition corresponding to the camera control signal; The operation of the flash is performed according to a preset light control condition corresponding to a drive signal in a timer operating in accordance with a flash control signal; The control unit analyzes the pupil change with respect to the image photographed from the camera; And processing the result of the analysis in the control unit into a display signal. According to the present invention, since a camera and a flash of a smart phone are used, a pupil reaction test can be conveniently performed anytime and anywhere, and since the image is acquired and analyzed, the pupil size change can be quantitatively recognized.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone,

The present invention relates to a pupil reaction test apparatus and method, and more particularly, to a pupil reaction test apparatus and method for a smartphone that records and analyzes pupil changes using a camera and a light of a smart phone.

The pupil is a circular hole located slightly inferiorly from the center of the cornea. Its function is to control the amount of light entering the eye, block the light passing around the cornea, and reduce the spherical aberration of the lens. And the chromatic aberration are reduced and the focus depth is increased so that the object to be viewed can be clearly seen. The size of the pupil is 2 to 4 mm and is autonomously regulated by the relaxation and contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle and the dilator pupilae muscle, which constitute the iris.

A pupil reflex is a phenomenon in which the size of the pupil changes reflexively according to the amount of light entering the eyeball. It is parasympathetic nerve and sympathetic nerves that are part of the oculomotor nerve, which is involved in the size of the pupil, and parasympathetic nerves are involved in miosis, ie pupil contraction The sympathetic nerve is involved in mydriasis.

Normally the size of both pupils is the same (isocoria, etc.). However, if a sympathetic nerve or parasympathetic nerve breaks down, the size of one pupil becomes larger or smaller, and the size of both pupils becomes unequal (anisocoria).

The optic nerve bundle that transmits the stimulus consists of two types of nerve fibers. One is the pupillary fiber, which accounts for 20% of the optic nerve, and the other is the visual fiber, which accounts for 80% of the optic nerve. The light reflection path of the pupil is related to the double pupil fiber. In light reflex pathway, when light enters the eye, the stimulus travels via the retina (ganglion cell), optic nerve, optic nerve crossing, and Shishak, and then leaves Shishak before reaching the lateral geniculate body Reaching the pretectal nucleus of the pretectal area, where the neurons alternate to reach the Edinger-Wesphal nucleus on the same or opposite side, and again to the pupillary sphincter following the path described above. The light reflection of the pupil occurs through a latency period of 0.2 to 0.5 sec. Shining the light from the normal to the right eye causes the pupil of the right eye to contract (direct light reflex) as well as the pupil of the left eye (indirect light reflex).

Because half of the twelve cranial nerves are involved in the movement of the eye and eyeballs, pupil changes are measured to determine the functional status of the brainstem. The method of evaluating pupil changes is evaluated by pupil size, left and right equivalence, and reflex action on light. The position of the eye in the resting state and changes in the stimulation and the corneal reflex are measured.

Pupil reaction tests are divided into direct reflection and indirect reflection. Direct reflection refers to examining and recording the amount and speed of pupil size change when stimulating the retina of the test eye with light. Indirect reflection refers to the stimulation of light on the opposite retina and the examination of changes in the size and velocity of the irritated pupil. In addition, the Marcus-gunn test is used to compare the power of direct reflexes and indirect reflexes.

The purpose of the pupillary response test is to identify abnormalities in the afferent pathway prior to crossing the optic nerve or to detect abnormalities in the efferent pathway. If abnormal pupil responses are present, the pupil reflex pathway may be disturbed or damaged. If the third nerve is obstructed, the paralyzed side of the diseased side is enlarged due to the paralysis of the parasympathetic nerve. When there is a disease restricted to the legs brain (pons), the sympathetic nerve located in the legs of both legs is disturbed, resulting in paralysis of the sympathetic nerves, resulting in a very small pupil size. The oculomotor nerve is the earliest injured when uncalcial herniation is present and transtentorial herniation provides the basis for judging the damage of the middle brain. It is very important to check the light reflection.

The pupil response test was performed using a penlight light stimulus. The pupil size was recorded as 0, 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. (-) and when the change speed is fast (+). Thus, the method of observing the pupil size with the naked eye and recording the change must depend on the senses and experiences of the examinee, and there is a disadvantage in that quantitative changes can not be known.

On the other hand, the pupil size tester is a device for measuring the pupil reactivity of the eyeball. A common pupil size tester is used to sit on a chair connected to a wall and is used to evaluate the pupil response to light. This pupil size tester can measure the exact pupil size, but there are restrictions on where the pupil size tester can be used and are expensive. Therefore, there is a problem that can not be easily applied anytime and anywhere.

On the other hand, the portable pupil size tester is often used for preliminary examination of patients suspected of having narcotic drugs or anesthesia, or patients with serious head injuries. This portable pupil size checker is advantageous in that it can be used in various places compared with the conventional pupil size checker because of its good mobility. However, there is a disadvantage that the device must be purchased separately and the price is still expensive.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2007-0065419 (published on May 20, 2009)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a smartphone capable of easily measuring and analyzing the pupillary reaction anytime, anywhere, The present invention also provides an apparatus and a method for examining a pupil reaction.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for inspecting a pupil response using a smart phone including a touch panel, a camera, a flash, and a storage unit, A control unit for generating a camera control signal and a flash control signal and for analyzing the photographed image; The touch panel supports video output and user operation; Wherein the camera performs photographing control in accordance with the camera control signal; Wherein the flash is optically controlled according to the flash control signal; Wherein the storage unit stores the photographed image; A pupil reaction test application installed in the smartphone is executed to perform a pupil reaction test.

Wherein the control unit comprises: a timer that operates in response to the inspection request signal and outputs a driving signal of a flash operation time; A flash controller for outputting a flash control signal including an optical intensity and a light duration according to the driving signal; A camera controller for outputting a camera control signal including a photographing time corresponding to the inspection request signal; An analyzer for analyzing a pupil change by tracing a pupil from the photographed image; And a graphic processor for outputting a display signal obtained by graphically processing the results of the pupil reaction test.

In the analysis unit, calculation including the maximum pupil size, the minimum pupil size, the pupil contraction rate, and the pupil relaxation rate is performed.

Meanwhile, a pupil reaction test method for a smartphone according to the present invention includes: generating a pupil reaction test request signal in response to a user operation of executing a pupil reaction test application for a smartphone; Generating a camera control signal and a flash control signal in a control unit according to the inspection request signal; Performing a camera operation according to a preset photographing condition corresponding to the camera control signal; Operating the flash according to a predetermined light control condition corresponding to a driving signal in a timer operating in accordance with the flash control signal; Analyzing a pupil change of the image photographed by the camera; And processing the result of the analysis as a display signal in the controller.

As described above, according to the apparatus and method for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone according to the present invention, a pupil reaction test can be conveniently performed anytime and anywhere because a camera and a flash of a smart phone are used. Because smartphones are used by many people, even if you do not purchase a special device, you can easily use it anywhere using your smartphone. For example, it can be used in various places such as an operating room, an intensive care unit, an emergency room, and a drug reaction test.

Further, according to the present invention, since the image is acquired and analyzed, the change in the size of the pupil can be quantitatively recognized.

Then, the acquired image and analysis result can be stored and managed, and can be transmitted and shared by e-mail.

1 is a block diagram of a control circuit of a pupil reaction test apparatus for a smartphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the control unit of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart of a method for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 shows a main screen of a pupil reaction test application for a smartphone of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram for explaining a mode-based image acquisition method of a pupil reaction test apparatus for a smartphone according to the present invention.
6 is an exemplary view for explaining a result comparison screen measured using the pupil reaction test apparatus for a smartphone according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary view for explaining a result screen analyzed using the pupil reaction test apparatus for a smartphone according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, an apparatus and method for testing a pupillary reaction for a smartphone according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram of a control circuit of a pupil reaction test apparatus for a smartphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone of the present invention comprises a touch panel 1 for supporting a video output and a user operation, a camera control signal and a flash control A camera 3 for performing photographing control according to a camera control signal, a flash 4 for performing light control in accordance with a flash control signal, And a storage unit 5 for storing an image photographed by the camera 3.

Although the present embodiment describes the case of using the touch panel 1, it will be appreciated that the present invention can also be applied to a terminal divided into a display unit (liquid crystal panel) and a user operation unit (keypad).

When the inspection request signal is generated in response to a user operation through the touch panel 1, the control unit 2 generates a camera control signal and a flash control signal to control the camera 3 and / Flash 4, respectively. In response to these control signals, photographing is performed in the camera 3, and light is diverted in the flash 4 at a set time. The captured image is analyzed in the control unit 2 and stored in the storage unit 5. When the analysis is completed, the pupil reaction test result is displayed through the touch panel 1.

2 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the control unit of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the control unit 2 of the present invention includes a timer 21 that operates in response to an inspection request signal and outputs a driving signal of a flash operation time, A flash controller 22 for outputting a flash control signal including a duration time and the like, a camera controller 22 for outputting a camera control signal including a photographing speed, a photographing time and a resolution in response to an inspection request signal, A camera controller 23 for transmitting the generated image to the analyzer 24, an analyzer 24 for analyzing the pupil change by tracing the pupil from the captured image, a display And a graphic processor 25 for outputting a signal.

In the present embodiment, the pupil reaction test is performed using the time control method using the timer 21, but the flash 4 can be operated at a predetermined time using a delay element or the like.

When the inspection request signal is generated, the controller 2 generates a camera control signal from the camera controller 23 and transmits the camera control signal to the camera 3. The camera 3 captures an image corresponding to the shooting condition . When the inspection request signal is generated, the timer 21 is activated, and generates a driving signal for driving the flash 4 at the set time, and transmits the driving signal to the flash controller 22. Then, the flash controller 22 generates a flash control signal and transmits the flash control signal to the flash 4, and light is diverted in accordance with the light diverting condition in the flash 4. [ Thereafter, the photographed image is transmitted to the analyzer 24 via the camera controller 23, and the analyzer 24 calculates the maximum pupil size, the minimum pupil size, the pupil contraction rate, the pupil relaxation rate, and the like . In the pupil change analyzed in this manner, a display signal processed by the graphic processing unit 25 as a graph is transmitted to the touch panel 1, and the touch panel 1 displays the same.

Hereinafter, a method for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone of the present invention using the system configured as described above will be described.

3 is a flowchart of a method for testing a pupil reaction for a smartphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Prior to the description, a pupil reaction test application for a smartphone capable of acquiring a pupillary response to an image and an image using a flash (4) of a smartphone camera (3) State.

Referring to FIG. 3, first, a pupil reaction test application (hereinafter referred to as "application") for a smartphone is executed (S1).

When the application is executed, either the image mode or the moving image mode is selected as a method for measuring the pupil change of the subject (S2). As shown in FIG. 4, the top button is 'shot' in the image mode and 'rec' in the movie mode. The user can change the image mode or moving picture mode using the mode button.

When the initial setting operation related to the pupil reaction test is completed through the touch panel 1, the user requests a pupil reaction test (S3).

The inspection request signal generated according to the pupil reaction inspection request is transmitted to the control unit 2. The control unit 2 transmits an inspection request signal to the camera controller 23 and the flash controller 22 (S4). At this time, the flash controller 22 goes through the timer 21. That is, the timer 21 operates in response to the inspection request signal, and generates a driving signal for driving the flash 4 after the set time, and transmits the driving signal to the flash controller 22. The camera 3 is operated in response to the camera control signal output from the camera controller 23 and the flash 4 is operated in response to the flash control signal output from the flash controller 22 (S5).

As an example, in the case of the video mode, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 5, an image is stored for 6 seconds after the start of the recoding, and during the time therebetween, the flash 4 on / off button Can be used to give light stimuli freely. The acquisition time can be set from 6 to 30 seconds, and the default value is set to 6 seconds. On the other hand, in the image mode, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 5, one image is obtained before the light stimulus is given, and one image is obtained at the same time as the light stimulus, and the image is acquired with a time difference thereafter. The number of images acquired in the image mode is set to five for six seconds, and the user can set up from five to twenty-four images.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the light divergence through the flash 4 is made stepwise by setting the lighting level, the maintenance level and the light-off level respectively.

Thereafter, the photographed image is transmitted to the analyzing unit 24 via the camera controller 23. The analyzing unit 24 calculates the maximum pupil size, the minimum pupil size, the pupil contraction rate, the pupil relaxation rate, and the like (S6).

In the pupil change analyzed in this way, the display signal processed by the graphic processing unit 25 as a graph is transmitted to the touch panel 1 (S7) and displayed on the touch panel 1 (S8). The photographed result can be compared as shown in FIG. On the left, the first image is displayed before giving the light stimulus. On the right side, four images after giving the light stimulus can be compared by touching and dragging the smartphone screen.

Fig. 7 shows an example of a screen for analyzing the pupil size. As shown in FIG. 7, the pupil is detected and the change of the pupil size according to the time can be graphically displayed. The maximum pupil size, the minimum pupil size, the pupil contraction rate, and the pupil relaxation rate are calculated Show. In addition, measured images and analysis results can be shared by e-mail.

The method of the present invention as described above may be embodied as a program and stored in a computer-readable recording medium (such as a CD-ROM, a RAM, a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magneto-optical disk). Such a process can be easily carried out by those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the drawings.

1: Touch panel
2:
21: Timer
22: Flash controller
23: Camera controller
24: Analytical Department
25: Graphics processor
3: Camera
4: Flash

Claims (5)

An apparatus for inspecting a pupil response using a smartphone including a touch panel, a camera, a flash, and a storage unit,
A controller for generating a camera control signal and a flash control signal in response to an inspection request signal generated according to a user operation, and analyzing the photographed image;
Wherein,
A timer that is operated in response to the inspection request signal and outputs a driving signal of a flash operation time;
A flash controller for outputting a flash control signal including an optical intensity and a light duration according to the driving signal;
A camera controller for outputting a camera control signal including a photographing time corresponding to the inspection request signal;
An analyzer for analyzing a pupil change including a maximum pupil size, a minimum pupil size, a pupil contraction rate, and a pupil relaxation rate from the photographed image; And
And a graphic processing unit for outputting a display signal obtained by graphically processing pupil reaction test results,
Wherein the timer adjusts the operating time of the flash in response to operation of the camera so as to obtain an image of the progress of the pupil change,
Wherein the lighting level, the maintenance level, and the extinction level of the flash are adjusted by the flash control signal.
delete delete Generating a pupil reaction test request signal in response to a user operation of executing a pupil reaction test application for a smartphone;
Generating a camera control signal and a flash control signal in a control unit according to the inspection request signal;
Performing a camera operation according to a preset photographing condition corresponding to the camera control signal;
Operating the flash according to a predetermined light control condition corresponding to a driving signal in a timer operating in accordance with the flash control signal;
Analyzing a pupil change including a maximum pupil size, a minimum pupil size, a pupil contraction rate, and a pupil relaxation rate with respect to an image photographed by the camera; And
And processing the result of the analysis as a display signal by the control unit,
Wherein the timer adjusts the operating time of the flash in response to operation of the camera so as to obtain an image of the progress of the pupil change,
Wherein the lighting level, the maintenance level, and the extinction level of the flash are adjusted by the flash control signal.
A computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for realizing a pupil reaction test function for a smartphone according to claim 4.

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