KR101447955B1 - Method or evaluating welding quality of spot welding and record media recorded program for implement thereof - Google Patents
Method or evaluating welding quality of spot welding and record media recorded program for implement thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR101447955B1 KR101447955B1 KR1020140051869A KR20140051869A KR101447955B1 KR 101447955 B1 KR101447955 B1 KR 101447955B1 KR 1020140051869 A KR1020140051869 A KR 1020140051869A KR 20140051869 A KR20140051869 A KR 20140051869A KR 101447955 B1 KR101447955 B1 KR 101447955B1
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- quality
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to a method of evaluating spot welding quality and a recording medium on which a program for performing the method is recorded. The method comprises the steps of: measuring a time at which an alpha peak of the dynamic resistance curve appears and a dynamic resistance A spot welding quality evaluation method capable of determining whether or not a spatter is detected by using an area size of a curve, and a recording medium on which a program for performing the method is recorded.
Spot welding is a resistance welding in which a metal plate is superimposed and an electrode tip is placed on the bottom of a metal plate and a current and a pressing force are concentrated on a relatively small portion and heated locally while applying an electrode pressure.
A spot welding system for spot welding is a process system in which a mechanical device and an electric device are combined to adjust a welding current, a welding force, and a welding time to weld the metal .
The
Especially, it has been widely used in automobile production process due to low equipment cost and easy automation. It is an important process to weld about 3000 ~ 4000 RBPs to produce one automobile. Currently, surface-coated steel sheet for improving corrosion and strength of the car is widely used, and the weldability is deteriorated. Because there is no nondestructive inspection method, welding monitoring technology in spot welding is considered to be very important.
On the other hand, since the nondestructive inspection is difficult due to the nature of spot welding, the quality inspection of the welded part is performed using a destructive method of collecting some samples in the automobile assembly process. However, such a method is disadvantageous in that it can not be restored again, resulting in economic loss. Therefore, welding monitoring and real-time control are required for full inspection.
In Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2012-0032119, an intelligent welding control apparatus and a control method, the β-peak time of resistance, which is the six process parameters of the dynamic resistance, The peak-to-peak voltage, peak-to-peak voltage, peak-to-peak voltage, peak-to-peak voltage, peak-to- the weldability was monitored according to the break time of voltage measurement. However, the method of predicting the weldability using the process parameters has a disadvantage in that it is possible to predict the weld quality only after the welding process is completed.
Therefore, there is a growing need for a technology capable of grasping the welding quality in real time during the spot welding process or before the spot welding is completed.
The present invention provides a spot welding quality evaluation method capable of evaluating the quality of welding in real time during the progress of spot welding or before the base material is melted, and a recording medium on which a program for performing the method is recorded.
A spot welding quality evaluation method capable of judging whether or not a spatter occurs during spot welding by using an alpha peak in a dynamic resistance curve and determining the quality of the spot welding by using the same, and a program for performing the method are recorded Thereby providing a recording medium.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of evaluating the quality of a spot weld using spatter occurrence, comprising the steps of: ; Obtaining a reference value for determining whether or not the spatter is generated; Obtaining a quality evaluation parameter using a dynamic resistance curve of spot welding; Comparing the reference value with the quality evaluation variable; And determining whether the spatter is generated.
According to the above configuration, the spot welding quality evaluation method according to the present invention can grasp whether spatter or welding quality abnormality is real-time before the base material is melted.
In performing the repeated experiment on whether or not the spatters are generated, the spot welding can be repeatedly performed in the boundary condition in which the spatters are generated.
In performing the repeated experiment on whether or not the spatters are generated, the spot welding may be repeatedly performed on the upper limit curve of the lobe curve indicating the quality of the spot welding.
Wherein the step of acquiring the reference value for determining whether or not the spatter is generated includes obtaining an alpha peak occurrence time at which the dynamic resistance generated at the time of spot welding becomes minimum or an area under the resistance curve from the welding starting point to the alpha peak occurrence time, The average of the alpha peak occurrence time or the average of the area can be set as the reference value.
In the step of obtaining the quality evaluation parameter using the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding, the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve up to the alpha peak occurrence time or the alpha peak occurrence time is determined on the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding to evaluate the quality, The generation time or the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve can be set as the quality evaluation variable.
In the step of determining whether or not the spatters are generated, it is possible to determine whether the spatters are generated by comparing the alpha peak occurrence time set in the quality evaluation variable or the bottom area of the resistance curve with the magnitude of the reference value.
In the step of determining whether the spatters are generated, when the alpha peak occurrence time set in the quality evaluation variable is earlier than the reference value or the size of the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve set in the quality evaluation variable is smaller than the reference value, It can be judged that it is occurred or the spot welding quality is judged to be poor.
The method for evaluating spot welding quality according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating the quality of spot welding using spatter occurrence or not by obtaining the point at which the dynamic resistance becomes minimum under the upper welding condition of spot welding, It is possible to judge whether or not the spatter is generated or to judge whether or not the spot welding is defective.
The present invention can provide a recording medium on which a program for performing a spot welding quality evaluation method is recorded.
The spot welding quality evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention can grasp whether spatter or welding quality abnormality is real-time before the base material is melted.
The spot welding quality evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention can control the welding process in real time so that the welding quality is excellent and there is no weld defect by controlling the beta peak value through current reconditioning when welding defect is expected.
The spot welding quality evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention is advantageous in that the spot welding quality can be grasped using a non-destructive method, and therefore, it is advantageous to perform full inspection.
The spot welding quality evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be expected to improve the welding quality, increase the production amount, and reduce environmental pollution due to the spatters.
1 is a view showing a conventional spot welding system.
2 is a flowchart for explaining a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a dynamic resistance curve used in a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a lobe curve used in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view showing an alpha peak occurrence time used in a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view showing a dynamic resistance curve area up to an alpha peak occurrence time used in a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view showing data for obtaining a reference value for the alpha peak occurrence time in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing data for obtaining a reference value for the dynamic resistance curve area up to the alpha peak occurrence time in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to or limited by the embodiments. Like reference symbols in the drawings denote like elements.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a dynamic resistance curve used in a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a view showing an alpha peak occurrence time used in a spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the dynamic resistance curve area up to the alpha peak occurrence time used in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a view showing data for obtaining a reference value for a time, and FIG. 8 is a graph showing data for obtaining an alpha peak occurrence time in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention A view showing the data for obtaining a reference value for the resistance curve area.
It is noted that the spot welding method according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various types of spot welding systems as well as the welding system shown in Fig.
Referring to FIG. 2, a method for evaluating spot welding quality according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating the quality of spot welding using whether or not a spatter is generated, (Step 1100); Obtaining (1200) a reference value for determining whether or not the spatter is generated; A step (1300, 1400) of obtaining a quality evaluation parameter using a dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding; Comparing the reference value and the quality evaluation variable (1500); And determining whether the spatter is generated (step 1600).
According to the above configuration, the spot welding quality evaluation method according to the present invention can grasp whether spatter or welding quality abnormality is real-time before the base material is melted.
The spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention uses the dynamic resistance in the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding (see FIG. 3).
3 shows a general dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding. The dynamic resistance represents the change in resistance of the weld over time as the weld progresses, which is a quality indicator of the actual weld. Referring to FIG. 3, in step I, the pollutants on the surface of the metal are collapsed simultaneously with the energization of the initial current, resulting in a drastic decrease in resistance. Then, in step II and III, the irregularities of the contact surface disappear, and the contact area where the current flows increases increases the resistivity and increases the resistivity due to the temperature rise at the contact part. Therefore, after two resistance changes become equilibrium and become the minimum peak alpha peak, the dynamic resistance increases again. In step Ⅳ, melting of the contact part starts and the increase of the resistivity due to the temperature increase equilibrium with increase of the energizing area due to the expansion of the molten part and resistance decrease due to shortening of the electric current due to plastic deformation, ). Finally, in step V, the nugget growth of the nugget nugget and the decrease in the thickness due to the plastic deformation are remarkable as the peak of the step IV is passed, and the dynamic resistance is remarkably reduced. If the solid metal surrounding the nugget under pressure is no longer able to support the molten metal, an expulsion occurs, which causes a discontinuous decrease in momentary dynamic resistance.
In the method of evaluating spot welding quality according to an embodiment of the present invention, whether the spatter is generated or not is determined by using a variable according to the dynamic resistance curve in step II. Therefore, there is an advantage that the quality of the welding can be judged and evaluated before the spot welding is completed or before the base material is melted. Melting of the base material occurs after stage III, and the method according to the present invention uses information of stage II.
First, in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the
Fig. 4 shows a dynamic resistance curve for each current in a lobe curve showing the quality of spot welding. It can be seen that the welding quality is good in the condition of two curves in the lobe curve, that is, in a small nugget (see FIG. 4) and an expulsion (see FIG. 4). The lower limit curve of the lobe curve is drawn under the conditions of spot welding constant nugget size and constant welding strength, and the upper limit curve is drawn under the condition that the spatter is splashed. As the welding current increases, the time of appearance of the alpha peak increases and the integrated value of the bottom area of the copper resistance curve decreases from the initial time to the time at which the alpha peak (alpha peak occurrence time) is reached.
On the other hand, in the case where the spatter does not occur and the boundary condition in which the spatter occurs, even if the welding is performed under the same condition for the reason of instability of the current, the spatter does not bounce or spatter. In the present invention, (Α peak) and the area integral until the time of alpha peak occurrence becomes smaller. In this study, the effect of spot welding Weld quality can be predicted.
In the spot welding quality evaluation method according to the present invention, the step (1200) of obtaining the reference value for determining whether or not spatters are generated determines the alpha peak occurrence time (t ? See Fig. 5) at which the dynamic resistance occurring at spot welding becomes minimum or from the welding start point (graph origin in FIG. 5) said alpha peak generation time (t α) to the dynamic resistance to obtain the area of the curve is (refer to a black portion in Fig. 6), the average, or of the alpha peak generation time (t α) The average of the areas can be set as a reference value.
The reference value acquisition of the spatter occurrence is a process performed prior to the actual welding to evaluate the welding quality, and it is preferable that the reference value is repeated several times under the same condition as the actual welding condition. In some cases, a separate database may be formed in the
Here, the quality evaluation reference value may use only the average value of the alpha peak occurrence time or only the average value of the dynamic resistance curve area up to the alpha peak occurrence time, or both of them may be used.
On the other hand, the reference value is measured through a pre-repeated experiment (spot welding), and a more accurate reference value can be obtained as the number of experiments increases. The input value of the spot welding control system (not shown) is used as the input value of the spot welding control system, and the area integral of the dynamic resistance curve from the time at which the alpha peak of the output dynamic resistance curve appears to the time at which the alpha peak appears, Good and bad can be detected.
After the reference value is determined, a parameter extracted from the actual spot welding process and compared with the reference value, that is, the quality evaluation variable, should be obtained. In the step (1300, 1400) of obtaining a quality evaluation parameter using the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding, an alpha peak occurrence time (t ? ) Or an alpha peak occurrence time on the dynamic resistance curve of a spot welding process for evaluating the quality of spot welding Time, and the alpha peak occurrence time (t ? ) Or the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve can be set as the quality evaluation variable. That is, the quality evaluation variable should be set to the same value as the reference value. If the reference value is the alpha peak occurrence time (t ? ), The quality evaluation variable is also set as the alpha peak occurrence time. If the reference value is the area value up to the alpha peak occurrence time of the dynamic resistance curve, the quality evaluation variable should be the same value.
However, in the spot welding quality evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the quality of the spot welding can be sufficiently evaluated even if only the alpha peak occurrence time (t ? ) Is used. The welding quality can be evaluated by obtaining the time at which the dynamic resistance becomes minimum in the welding process to be evaluated and comparing this time with the reference value.
That is, in the
In the
Figs. 7 and 8 are results of 10 repeated welding experiments under SPCC welding conditions of spatters of 1.0 t thickness and no spattering and spattering conditions (300 kgf, 300 ms, 8.0 kA) . Figure 7 is an alpha peak generation time (t α) of the 10 trials welding and represents the average, Figure 8 is the dynamic resistance curve area, and the average to the alpha peak generation time (t α) of the 10 trials welding . At this time, it is possible to use a value obtained by repeatedly performing 10 times of welding on the same specimen, or a value obtained by performing welding on 10 specimens.
The data of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are listed in the table below.
Referring to the above table, the average value of the 10 alpha peak generation time (t α) is approximately 6.018 ms, the average value of the dynamic resistance curve to the peak area of the alpha generation time is the μΩ * 9.309 ms. Here, spatters occurred in the 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th experiment, and the alpha peak was relatively fast. That is, it can be seen that the base material starts to melt rapidly. In addition, spatters were generated in the 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th, and 10th experiments, and the area integration values from the initial time to the alpha peak occurrence time were all smaller than the average.
Therefore, according to the method for evaluating spot welding quality according to an embodiment of the present invention, if the area of the dynamic resistance curve up to the alpha peak occurrence time or alpha peak occurrence time is smaller than the reference value, spatter is generated and the welding quality is poor. It is possible to judge that the welding quality is good because no spatter occurs. Since this determination can be made before the spot welding is completed, it is possible to monitor the quality of the welding in real time and control the welding current or the like accordingly.
In spot welding, resistance heat is used, so that the larger the heating value, the better the welding quality. The area of the dynamic resistance curve from the initial welding time to the alpha peak occurrence time at which the base material begins to melt means the calorific value. Therefore, if the area value is below the reference value, it can be estimated that the welding quality is deteriorated.
The method of evaluating spot welding quality according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above is a method of evaluating the quality of spot welding using spatter occurrence or not, It is possible to judge whether or not the spatter is generated or to judge whether the spot welding is bad or not.
Meanwhile, the present invention can provide a recording medium on which a program for performing a spot welding quality evaluation method is recorded. Embodiments of the present invention include computer readable media including program instructions for performing various computer implemented operations. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, local data files, local data structures, etc., alone or in combination. The media may be those specially designed and constructed for the present invention or may be those known to those skilled in the computer software. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floppy disks, and ROMs, And hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute the same program instructions. Examples of program instructions may include machine language code such as those generated by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that may be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the spirit of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described, and all of the equivalents or equivalents of the claims, as well as the following claims, belong to the scope of the present invention .
100: spot welding system 110: welder controller
130: power conversion unit 150: welding drive unit
170
200: Welding control device
Claims (9)
Performing repetitive experiments on whether or not the spatters are generated;
Obtaining a reference value for determining whether or not the spatter is generated;
Obtaining a quality evaluation parameter using a dynamic resistance curve of spot welding;
Comparing the reference value with the quality evaluation variable; And
And determining whether the spatters are generated,
Wherein the spot welding is repeatedly performed on the upper limit curve of the lobe curve indicating the quality of the spot welding in the step of performing the repeated experiment on whether or not the spatters are generated.
Performing repetitive experiments on whether or not the spatters are generated;
Obtaining a reference value for determining whether or not the spatter is generated;
Obtaining a quality evaluation parameter using a dynamic resistance curve of spot welding;
Comparing the reference value with the quality evaluation variable; And
And determining whether the spatters are generated,
Wherein the step of performing the repeated experiment on whether or not the spatters are generated repeatedly performs the spot welding in the boundary condition in which the spatters are generated.
In the step of obtaining the reference value for determining whether or not the spatters are generated,
An area of the lower portion of the resistance curve is found from the alpha peak occurrence time at which the dynamic resistance generated during spot welding becomes minimum or from the welding start point to the alpha peak occurrence time,
An average of the alpha peak occurrence time or an average of the area is set as a reference value.
In the step of obtaining the quality evaluation parameter using the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding,
The lower area of the dynamic resistance curve up to the alpha peak occurrence time or the alpha peak occurrence time is obtained on the dynamic resistance curve of the spot welding to evaluate the quality,
The alpha peak occurrence time or the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve is set to the quality evaluation variable.
In the step of determining whether the spatters are generated,
Wherein the occurrence of the spatter is determined by comparing an alpha peak occurrence time set in the quality evaluation variable or a bottom area of the resistance curve with a magnitude of the reference value.
In the step of determining whether the spatters are generated,
When the alpha peak occurrence time set in the quality evaluation variable is earlier than the reference value or the size of the bottom area of the dynamic resistance curve set by the quality evaluation variable is smaller than the reference value, it is determined that a spatter occurs, Wherein the spot welding quality evaluation method comprises the steps of:
Wherein the point of time at which the dynamic resistance is minimized under the upper limit welding condition of the spot welding is obtained and it is judged whether or not the spatter is generated or the defective spot welding is judged by using this point.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101533988B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-07-07 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Spot welding method and system |
| KR20190081433A (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | A method and apparatus for real-time linear reading of welded nugget cross-section and three-dimensional shape using a single probe ultrasonic device |
| KR101979688B1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-08-28 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Control method of spot welding and recording medium for storing program thereof |
| KR102019204B1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-09-11 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for setting optimization condition in resistance spot welding |
| KR102012132B1 (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-10-21 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Resistance spot welding method |
| KR20240038226A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-25 | 동의대학교 산학협력단 | Method or evaluating welding quality of spot welding |
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| JP2000225473A (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Device for monitoring resistance welding |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101533988B1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-07-07 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Spot welding method and system |
| KR20190081433A (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | A method and apparatus for real-time linear reading of welded nugget cross-section and three-dimensional shape using a single probe ultrasonic device |
| KR102019204B1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-09-11 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for setting optimization condition in resistance spot welding |
| KR101979688B1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-08-28 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Control method of spot welding and recording medium for storing program thereof |
| KR102012132B1 (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-10-21 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Resistance spot welding method |
| KR20240038226A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-25 | 동의대학교 산학협력단 | Method or evaluating welding quality of spot welding |
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