KR101437597B1

KR101437597B1 - Graphene composite for water treatment

Info

Publication number: KR101437597B1
Application number: KR20120155673A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 양우석; 김형근; 박원규
Original assignee: 전자부품연구원
Priority date: 2012-12-28
Filing date: 2012-12-28
Publication date: 2014-09-04
Also published as: KR20140085870A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a water-treating graphene composite comprising at least one metal oxide including titanium oxide and at least one metal oxide including Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalized with the hollow spherulgraphite oxide, and a process for producing the same.
The graphene complex for water treatment according to the present invention can treat not only heavy metals such as As, Pb and Hg but also decomposition of organic materials by the action of photocatalyst, and graphene oxide forming hollow spheres has high specific surface area , Since it has mechanical strength, it is possible to increase the removal efficiency of heavy metals, and furthermore, to have high light transmittance and high activity of photocatalyst.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a graphene composite for water treatment,

The present invention relates to a graphene oxide hollow spherical body produced by maximizing the specific surface area of graphene oxide by functionalizing one or more metal oxides containing Fe ₃ O ₄ and titanium dioxide to form a 3D structured high- And a manufacturing method thereof.

Generally, environmental pollutants in water are classified into suspended substances, dissolved organic substances, and dissolved inorganic substances. Suspended particulate matter can be removed by the precipitation method, and in the case of suspended particulate matter that is relatively difficult to precipitate, it can be removed by using the floating suspension method using saturated air bubbles. However, the progress of industrialization has resulted in the release of a large amount of biodegradable materials that are difficult to degrade microorganisms. Such recalcitrant materials are hardly removed by the activated sludge process using mixed suspended microorganisms Causing serious environmental pollution.

When a substance showing a photocatalytic effect such as ZnO, WO ₃ , SnO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , TiO ₂ , CdS or ZnS is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, oxygen molecules are adsorbed or desorbed to organic compounds such as odorous components, Oxidation), so that various biodegradable materials can be decomposed as photocatalysts.

A photocatalyst is a substance that uses light as an energy source to accelerate a chemical reaction by irradiating light to promote a catalytic reaction. As the photocatalyst, a semiconductive metal oxide or a sulfur compound is used. Among them, an anatase crystal structure having excellent physical properties such as a sufficient energy to receive a photoexcitation reaction, a sufficient energy from sunlight at 387 nm, chemically stable, excellent optical activity and harmless to human body titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ is used a lot. However, when a photocatalyst system is constituted by dispersing powdered titanium dioxide, it is difficult to disperse the dispersion so that the dispersion is uniformly distributed over the whole, and the dispersed titanium dioxide absorbs light to uniformly irradiate light to the water treatment reactor There is a difficult problem.

Accordingly, there is an attempt to overcome the above-mentioned problem by dispersing titanium dioxide on a support. In Korean Patent No. 1083060, carbon nanofibers and photocatalyst materials are used to have photocatalytic properties and to purify carbon nanofibers And a photocatalytic activity, and a composite carbon nanofiber produced by the method.

In addition, since the heavy metals such as As, Pb and Hg are present in the form of ions, the dissolved inorganic materials can be centrifuged or filtered to recover or remove heavy metals. However, it is more efficient to remove heavy metals by adsorption.

Magnetite is a mineral belonging to equiaxed crystals and can be a natural magnet because it is magnetized. The chemical composition of magnetite is Fe ₃ O ₄ and may contain titanium (Ti). In addition, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium And the like. The particle size of the iron oxide of the hybrid body may be 1 to 20 nm. Hybrid materials can be used for removing heavy metals in wastewater, and the iron oxide particles of the hybrid material should be within the above range to effectively remove the heavy metals in the wastewater.

Since metal oxides such as iron oxide and titanium oxide have a property of binding with heavy metal ions, in order to utilize these metal oxide based materials as a high-efficiency heavy metal removing agent, they are processed into nanoparticles and used for removing heavy metals. However, There is a problem in that there is a limitation in the removal efficiency of the heavy metal. Therefore, the use of graphene, which is a support having a high specific surface area, to increase the efficiency is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 2012-0076131.

Graphene is a graphene in which a plurality of carbon atoms are covalently bonded to each other to form a polycyclic aromatic molecule. The graphene has a high specific surface area, a high charge mobility at room temperature, high mechanical strength, Flexibility, high transmittance to visible light, and using it as a support can increase the treatment efficiency of heavy metals with high specific surface area.

In addition, even when exposed to a strong flow velocity of contaminated water, the use of graphene can compensate for the disadvantage that the structure is broken due to its high mechanical strength.

In addition, the graphene layer is provided with functionalities by artificially causing structural defects in the graphene layer by doping the graphene layer with a dopant, or by applying oxygen plasma, UV irradiation, or chemical treatment, and the functionalized graphene is grained The light transmittance can be improved by uniformly controlling the size.

For each contaminated water containing various pollutants including organic and heavy metals in water, the use of each treatment method complicates the water treatment system and requires a high cost, It is required to develop a material having a composite function capable of processing a high-density polyethylene.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have developed CNTs or functionalized graphenes (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide) having excellent light transmission performance as hollow spheres, And a photocatalyst capable of decomposing an organic material exhibit excellent performance in the removal of organic substances and heavy metals. The present invention has been completed based on this finding.

It is an object of the present invention to prepare graphene oxide hollow spheres using graphene oxide as a template of polystyrene (PS), functionalize graphene oxide hollow spheres with one or more metal oxides containing Fe ₃ O ₄ and titanium dioxide And to provide a graphene composite made of one 3D structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a graphene oxide having graphene oxide having a hollow sphere shape by functionalizing at least one metal oxide containing Fe ₃ O ₄ and titanium dioxide.

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a water-treating graphene composite comprising at least one metal oxide including Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalized with hollow spherulgpine oxide and hollow spherulgine oxide, and titanium dioxide .

(A) preparing a titanium dioxide solution by a sol-gel method; (b) preparing at least one metal oxide solution containing Fe ₃ O ₄ ; (c) attaching graphene oxide to the polystyrene surface; (d) removing the polystyrene to prepare hollow saggranite oxide; And (e) functionalizing the hollow spherical graphene oxide with the prepared titanium dioxide solution and the metal oxide solution.

Wherein the step (c) comprises the step of causing the polystyrene surface and the surface of the graphene oxide to have an electric charge having an opposite polarity, respectively, wherein the polystyrene is removed by an etchant in the step (d) Method is provided.

The graphene composite for water treatment according to the present invention can treat not only the removal of heavy metals such as As, Pb and Hg but also the decomposition of organic materials by the action of photocatalyst.

In the present invention, graphene forming a hollow sphere has high specific surface area and mechanical strength, so that the removal efficiency of heavy metals is enhanced, and the light transmittance is excellent, so that the activity of the photocatalyst can be maintained high.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for producing a graphene composite according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted so as to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention.

The terms "about "," substantially ", etc. used to the extent that they are used herein are intended to be taken to mean an approximation of, or approximation to, the numerical values of manufacturing and material tolerances inherent in the meanings mentioned, Accurate or absolute numbers are used to help prevent unauthorized exploitation by unauthorized intruders of the referenced disclosure.

The term "functionalized graphene oxide" as used herein means that the dopant is substituted by an atom of the graphene oxide structure or artificially formed a defect in the graphene oxide structure by doping, and this means that graphene Oxide or functionalized graphene oxide, and a photocatalyst capable of decomposing an organic substance.

Although not shown in FIG. 1, a titanium dioxide solution is prepared by sol-gel method separately from the process disclosed in FIG. 1. After mixing ethanol and toluene in the same volume ratio, 50 to 100 mM titanium n-butoxide (Ti (O _n Bu) ₄ was dispersed to prepare a titanium dioxide solution, and a solution containing a metal oxide containing iron oxide was also prepared.

The surface of the graphene oxide prepared in step (a) of FIG. 1 is negatively charged and the surface of the polystyrene (PS) bead is positively charged to electrostatically attach the graphene oxide to the polystyrene beads.

In step (b) of Figure 1, the polystyrene is removed by etching to produce the hollow spherulgite oxide.

In step (c) of FIG. 1, a metal oxide solution containing a tritium dioxide solution and Fe ₃ O ₄ is functionalized into the prepared graphene oxide hollow spheres to prepare a graphene complex. At this time, the metal oxide containing titanium dioxide and Fe ₃ O ₄ is functionalized without distinguishing the inner and outer surfaces of hollow spherical graphene oxide.

Graphene of the present invention is a base the size of the flake is less than 100nm greater than 10nm, the specific surface area of about 300m ² / g to 2600m ² / g. Further, graphene having holes formed in the graphene, that is, nano-perforated holes may be used.

The size of the magnetite and titanium dioxide attached to the surface of graphene oxide hollow spheres is 0.1 nm to 100 nm.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the polystyrene beads of step (a) of Figure 1 are contacted with titanium dioxide to polystyrene beads prior to the preparation of the graphene oxide hollow spheres so that the titanium dioxide is functionalized on the polystyrene surface. After titanium dioxide is functionalized on the polystyrene surface, graphene oxide having an opposite charge to polystyrene is attached to the polystyrene surface.

The next step is to remove the polystyrene by etching, so that titanium dioxide is functionalized inside the hollow spherulgraphite oxide.

Thereafter, hollow spherical graphene oxide is functionalized with a metal oxide containing iron oxide. As shown in the final stage of FIG. 1, titanium dioxide is functionalized inside hollow spherulgraphite oxide, and a metal phase containing iron oxide A spherical graphene composite in which the cargo is functionalized is produced.

Fe ₃ O ₄ useful for removing heavy metals such as As, Pb, Hg, and titanium dioxide of size 50 nm or less, which is the most suitable material as a photocatalyst, is functionalized in graphene which has a large specific surface area and excellent light transmittance, Graphene composites.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

1. Manufacture of graphene oxide hollow sphere

Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) are dissolved in DI water and styrene is added to the solution. After reacting at 70 ° C for 24 hours, it is washed with D. I water and ethanol and dried at 50 ° C for 12 hours. Graphene oxide dispersed in ethanol is added to the polystyrene beads dispersed in ethanol so that graphene oxide adheres to the surface of the polystyrene beads.

Apply polystyrene etchant (Toluene) to polystyrene beads with graphene oxide covering the surface. Polystyrene is removed by Etchant to produce hollow spherical graphene oxide.

2. Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Solution

Titanium dioxide sol solutions were obtained by using titanium n-butoxide (Ti (On Bu) 4, Ethylalcohol and Toluene), a product of 98% of STREM CHEMICALS and having a ratio of 1: 1 / v: v A titanium dioxide sol solution was prepared by mixing 100 mM titanium n-butoxide with ethanol and toluene.

3. Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalization of hollow spherical graphene oxide

A solution of 0.5 mol hydrochloric acid and FeCl ₂ · 4H ₂ O and a solution of purified water and FeCl ₃ · 6H ₂ O in a hollow spherical graphene oxide solution was injected in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the solutions were mixed.

Thereafter, the hollow sphere graphite oxide with iron oxide was washed with ethanol and purified water, and then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain Fe ₃ O ₄ - graphen oxide having a functional group in the hollow sphere graphite oxide.

To synthesize the obtained Fe ₃ O ₄ - graphene oxide and titanium dioxide sol solution, Fe ₃ O ₄ - graphene oxide was added to titanium dioxide sol solution and mechanically stirred to obtain Fe ₃ O ₄ and TiO ₂ functionalized at once A pin oxide hollow sphere is obtained.

Having described specific portions of the invention in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the invention is not limited thereby will be. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims

A water-based graphene composite comprising at least one metal oxide and titanium dioxide comprising hollow spherulgine oxide and Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalized in said hollow spherulgite oxide.

The water-treating graphene composite according to claim 1, wherein the size of the at least one metal oxide including Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalized in the hollow spherulgraphite oxide is 0.1 nm to 100 nm.

A method for producing a water-treating graphene composite comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing a titanium dioxide solution by a sol-gel method;
(b) preparing at least one metal oxide solution containing Fe ₃ O ₄ ;
(c) attaching graphene oxide to the polystyrene surface;
(d) removing the polystyrene to prepare hollow saggranite oxide; And
(e) functionalizing the hollow spherulgene oxide by the prepared titanium dioxide solution and the metal oxide solution.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (c), the polystyrene surface and the graphene oxide surface each have an electric charge having an opposite polarity.

The method of claim 3, wherein the polystyrene is removed by an etchant in the step (d).

The method of claim 3, wherein the size of the at least one metal oxide including Fe ₃ O ₄ functionalized in the hollow spherulgraphite oxide is 0.1 nm to 100 nm.