KR101428869B1 - CSG Planting Block with fiber and Manufacturing Method Thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a CSG (Cememted Sand and Gravel) vegetation block and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a CSG vegetation block having excellent strength and durability and being environmentally friendly and economical, And a manufacturing method thereof. According to the present invention, the addition of PVA fibers to the CSG material can increase the tensile strength of the vegetation block by increasing the tensile strength of the fiber to increase the root-mean-square force and increase the bending strength as the amount of cement and PVA fiber is increased .

Description

{CSG Planting Block with Fiber and Manufacturing Method Thereof}

The present invention relates to a CSG (Cememted Sand and Gravel) vegetation block and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a CSG vegetation block having excellent strength and durability and being environmentally friendly and economical, And a manufacturing method thereof.

In the rivers, agricultural waterways, and lakes, there are dams built with plots to prevent flooding and efficient use of water resources. The dams are thus prevented from collapsing due to hydraulic pressure,

The slope is formed on one side of the bank which is in direct contact with the surface of the water due to the constructional reasons such as the construction of a road for traveling on the bank, Generally, such a river bank is equipped with a revetment block.

In particular, Korea's rivers are characterized by very low flow rates during most of the year except for several days due to rainfall type and sloping terrain that are concentrated in the rainy season. In addition, due to increase of wastewater due to urbanization and industrialization, It is very vulnerable. In addition, due to the inflow of pollutants from farmlands, the water quality of the river has not improved greatly despite the continuous investment in infrastructure facilities.

On the other hand, cement-based composites (concrete, mortar, shotcrete, grout, etc.) are generally strong in compression but weakly brittle in tensile properties and hardly condensed in a fluid with plasticity immediately after casting and usually cracked due to shrinkage . Cracks occurring in cement composites are caused by various complex causes, but the most significant ones are cracks due to drying shrinkage and plastic shrinkage. These cracks not only weaken the mechanical properties and durability of the structure, but also cause serious problems such as flooding, waterproofing, repair and reinforcement due to cracks in the floor of the apartment house (including houses) and the floor of the building. In addition, large structures using concrete using cement as a raw material and cracks in roads cause serious serious accidents.

Conventionally, synthetic resin filaments such as polypropylene fibers are used as reinforcing fibers in cement composites used in apartment houses, factory floors, parking lots, roads, etc. to prevent such cracks. Such synthetic resin filaments have an aspect ratio of about 1 to 50 x 10 ^-3 mm and an aspect ratio of about 150 to 500. When the fiber diameter is large, the dispersibility is good but the collecting power of the cement is low and the adhesion force with the cement is low . In addition, since the synthetic resin long fibers are basically hydrophobic, there is a problem in that a so-called 'pull-out' phenomenon occurs when the cement composite used as the reinforcing fiber is deformed.

In addition, when synthetic resin reinforcement fibers are added to cement composites in an amount of more than 0.5% by volume, it is difficult to disperse the synthetic fibers individually in concrete, and slump loss is generated even when dispersed, It is easy to disperse in the form of balls, so that the compressive strength and the whip strength of the finally cured concrete deteriorate.

Further, in order to improve the adhesion with cement, even if the fiber is subjected to processing such as bending, kerfing, or the like, entanglement occurs in the cement composite before the mixing and fiber ball phenomenon becomes more conspicuous.

In addition to the above synthetic resin filaments, the use of cellulose fibers as reinforcing fibers for cement composites is known from British Patent No. 1317245 and U.S. Patent No. 5,643,359. Since the specific gravity of the cellulose fiber itself is very low as compared with other inorganic raw materials of the cement composite composition, it tends to float on the cement composite composition until it is wetted with water. However, since it requires a large amount of water at the time of sponging, it is more difficult to put the cellulose fibers into the cement composite in accordance with the volume of the concrete composition such as concrete, It is also difficult to accurately mix the mixture.

Korean Patent No. 10-1193040

Therefore, in order to develop an ecological and economical vegetation block having excellent strength and durability for use as protection for revetment or slope protection, the present inventors manufactured a CSG vegetation block by mixing grass with PVA based on CSG material , CSG vegetation block, and vegetation characteristics. The present invention has been accomplished by fabricating a fiber reinforced CSG vegetation block by analyzing the growth characteristics of the planted vegetation blocks and the bending strength characteristics of the vegetation block.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a CSG vegetation block having excellent strength and durability and being environmentally friendly and economical, and a method for manufacturing the CSG vegetation block.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a CGS vegetation block comprising a mixture of soil, cement and water, wherein the cement is contained in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed soil, alcohol is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed soil.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the soil may be mixed at a ratio of 70 to 90 wt%, water 5 to 10 wt%, cement 3 to 15 wt%, and PVA 0.1 to 2 wt%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the gypsum may comprise 40-60 wt.% Of sand, 20-40 wt.% Of gravel having a size of 9.5 mm or more, and 10-30 wt.% Of gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm .

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a cemented sand and gravel (CSG) mixture by mixing soil, cement, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water; Introducing the mixed CSG mixture into a block making mold; Forming a CSG layer by compaction of the CSG mixture filled in the mold; Placing a culture soil on which seeds are seeded on the upper surface of the CSG layer of the mold; And forming a block in which the soil layer is integrally formed on the CSG layer by compaction of the laid soil.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of preparing the CSG mixture comprises mixing 70 to 90% by weight of gypsum, 5 to 10% by weight of water, 3 to 15% by weight of cement and 0.1 to 2% Reinforced CSG vegetation block.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the gypsum may comprise 40-60 wt.% Of sand, 20-40 wt.% Of gravel having a size of 9.5 mm or more, and 10-30 wt.% Of gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the gravel may be at least one selected from the group consisting of surplus soil, recycled aggregate, and low-grade aggregate generated at the construction site near the block factory.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy for compaction of the CSG mixture is 15 to 70 kgf cm / cm 3, and the energy for compaction of the culture soil is 12 to 15 kgf cm / cm 3.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the seeds may be selected from the group consisting of Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass, Can be mixed and used.

Further, the present invention provides a fiber-reinforced CSG vegetation block manufactured according to the method described above.

According to the present invention, the addition of PVA fibers to the CSG material can increase the tensile strength of the vegetation block by increasing the tensile strength of the fiber to increase the root-mean-square force and increase the bending strength as the amount of cement and PVA fiber is increased .

In addition, when PVA is blended in the CSG vegetation block, the hydration product produced by the cement not only increases the bond strength with the soil but also improves the adhesion strength with the incorporated PVA fiber, thereby effectively increasing the fracture strength of the fiber- . Therefore, it can be useful for greening application method when mixed seeding of turfgrass with excellent initial growth rate in CSG vegetation block.

Fig. 1 shows a particle size distribution curve of gypsum.
Fig. 2 (a) shows a completed vegetation block equipped with a case for the measurement of the asteroid force, and Fig. 2 (b) shows the vegetation block and the removed case and vegetation after the measurement of the root strength.
Fig. 3 shows a configuration diagram of a method for testing the flexural strength of a CSG block.
4 shows the optimum water content and the maximum dry unit weight according to the amount of cement.
Fig. 5 (a) shows the compressive strength at 3 days, 7 days and 28 days of age, and Fig. 5 (b) shows the relationship of uniaxial compressive strength according to the cement content.
FIG. 6 shows the results of the root-mean-square test at 4 weeks after sowing in the CSG vegetation block containing PVA.
7 shows the flexural strength of the CSG block according to the geosynthetic fiber content and the cement content at 28 days of age.

The present invention relates to a CSG (Cememted Sand and Gravel) vegetation block and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a CSG vegetation block having excellent strength and durability and being environmentally friendly and economical, And a manufacturing method thereof.

In order to improve the bonding strength and strength of soil, cement mixed soil containing cement in soil has been utilized in various fields such as slope protection, soft ground improvement as well as road, parking lot and plaza. As a part of the soil is used cement or cement fireproofing for the purpose of improving the strength by using the general soil as the main material, it is recognized as an economical and environment friendly construction material as compared with concrete. However, since the cement mixed soil exhibits a brittle fracture form, the polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as "PVA") fiber and nylon fiber are randomly distributed in the mixed soil to induce ductile fracture Fiber reinforced composite soils have recently attracted attention. In fact, fiber-reinforced reinforced soils have advantages such as easy mixing, excellent strength persistence, and lack of potential weaknesses to be developed along with reinforcing materials, which is a disadvantage of geosynthetics.

Previous studies on mixed geotextiles with random fibers have mainly focused on natural fiber or weakly alkaline synthetic fibers such as polypropylene. However, in the present invention, polyvinyls having good affinity with cement CSG vegetation block was fabricated by mixing PVA with cemented sand and gravel (CSG) material with cement, sand and gravel.

In addition, the fracture strength and vegetation characteristics of the CSG vegetation block were analyzed for the development of ecological and economical vegetation blocks with excellent strength and durability for revetment protection or slope protection. In one embodiment of the present invention, CSG vegetation blocks were prepared by mixing grass with PVA based on CSG material, and analysis of the growth characteristics of planted vegetation in the vegetation block and the fracture strength characteristics Respectively.

In the present invention, "cemented sand and gravel (CSG) material" is a generic term for materials obtained by mixing soil and cement such as river bed gravel together with water and is mainly used in the dam field. For example, The CSG material is used at this time. Herein, the term " sand " refers to sand and gravel. In the unified classification method, the term " sand " Therefore, the CSG material in the present invention refers to a mixture of 'earth and cement', that is, 'sand, gravel and cement'.

In the present invention, it has been confirmed that a CSG vegetation block having excellent strength and durability and being environmentally friendly can be produced when grass is planted after mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with CSG material.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the CSG vegetation block mixed with three kinds of grass is added to the fiber, and then the vegetation and strength characteristics of the fiber reinforced CSG vegetation block are analyzed by analyzing the strength characteristics, vegetation characteristics, , And for the analysis of vegetation growth characteristics of CSG vegetation block, the coverage, growth, root strength and bending strength of vegetation after 28 days were measured.

The blockage of the block according to vegetation was measured by visual evaluation method after 4 weeks of sowing of three kinds of grasses, and it was 7.5 ~ 9.5 points. The bending strength of PVG - added CSG vegetation block at 28 days was 1.02 ~ 3.76 MPa Respectively. In the embodiment of the present invention, when the PVA ratio is increased, the root-mean-square force is increased when the PVA is mixed with 0.6 to 1.0 wt% in the CGS vegetation block. In the CGS vegetation block, the cement mixing ratio is 4, 6, 8 and 10 The maximum flexural strength was 3.76 MPa when the cement mixing ratio was 10% by weight and the PVA was 1.0% by weight when the PVA was mixed with 0.6 - 1.0% by weight. From these results, it was confirmed that PVA can be applied to the CSG method.

The present invention provides a CGS vegetation block comprising a mixture of soil, cement and water, wherein the cement is contained in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed soil, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) By weight based on the total weight of the fiber-reinforced CGS vegetation block.

The mixing ratio of the CSG mixed soil of the fiber-reinforced CGS vegetation block is preferably 70 to 90 wt%, water 5 to 10 wt%, cement 3 to 15 wt%, and PVA 0.1 to 2 wt%.

In the present invention, the cement is used as a binder, and it is preferable to use Portland cement. However, various kinds of cements available on the market may be used. In the present invention, 3 to 15% by weight, preferably 8 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the CSG mixed soil may be included.

In addition, the present invention may further include at least one mineral admixture such as fine blast furnace slag and fly ash together with the cement.

In the present invention, the gypsum can be used alone or in combination with any one or more selected from the group consisting of surplus soil, recycled aggregate and low-grade aggregate generated at the construction site near the block factory, and sand, gravel , And gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm. The gypsum may include 40 to 60 wt% of sand, 20 to 40 wt% of gravel having a size of 9.5 mm or more, and 10 to 30 wt% of gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm, based on the total weight of the gravel.

In the present invention, PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) fiber can be used as a fiber reinforcing material, and it has excellent dispersibility in concrete and mortar compared to conventional geotextiles, and is highly evaluated as concrete and mortar fiber have. More preferably, RECS100L having an optimal three-dimensional arrangement having excellent adhesion performance and excellent resistance to alkali, impact resistance and ultraviolet (UV) resistance can be used with a chemical structure having a hydroxyl group (-OH).

PVA fiber is a hydrophilic substance having OH groups and is a polymer produced by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. PVA is chemically and physically excellent in adhesiveness and has a tensile strength of 900 ~ 1,600Mpa. It is very suitable for cement concrete reinforcement which requires high alkali resistance and tensile strength. In addition, the synthetic fibers have the lowest combustion heat, and the generated gas during combustion is a very safe material for the human body since it does not contain harmful gases such as nitrogen (ammonia, cyan), sulfur (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) .

In the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed soil. When the content of PVA is less than 0.1% by weight in the CSG mixed soil composition of the present invention, the crack control effect and the flexural performance improvement effect of the CSG mixed soil become insufficient. When the PVA fiber content exceeds 2% by weight, It is not dispersed and the pores inside the cement composite composition are increased, resulting in a decrease in the crack suppressing function and the bending performance.

The PVA fiber having a length of 3 to 50 mm may be used. If the length is less than 3 mm, the PVA fiber may not be well dispersed in the composition and may be poured into one place. If the length exceeds 50 mm, It may not be dispersed enough. That is, in both cases, the dispersibility of the fiber reinforcement is degraded, which may deteriorate the performance of the CSG mixed soil.

The present invention provides a method for producing a fiber reinforced CSG vegetation block, and more particularly, a method for producing a fiber reinforced CSG vegetation block comprises mixing CSG (Cemented Sand and Gravel) mixture with soil, cement, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Lt; / RTI > Introducing the mixed CSG mixture into a block making mold; Forming a CSG layer by compaction of the CSG mixture filled in the mold; Placing a culture soil on which seeds are seeded on the upper surface of the CSG layer of the mold; And forming a block in which the soil layer is integrally formed on the CSG layer by compaction of the laid soil.

In order to manufacture the vegetation block according to the present invention, a CSG (Cemented Sand and Gravel) material mixing step in which soil, cement and PVA are mixed with water may be performed first.

The mixture and mixing ratio of the CGS material according to the present invention may be mixed in a ratio of 70 to 90 wt% of the gypsum, 5 to 10 wt% of water, 3 to 15 wt% of cement and 0.1 to 2 wt% of PVA, In this case, the gypsum may include 40 to 60 wt% of sand, 20 to 40 wt% of coarse aggregate, and 10 to 30 wt% of fine aggregate based on the total weight of the gravel.

When the specific gravity of the cement is increased, the strength of the vegetation block to be produced is increased, but there is a possibility that the growth of the plant roots is lowered. If the mixing ratio of the cement is low, the durability of the vegetation block may be weakened. It is preferable to mix them in the range.

Next, the step of injecting the CSG mixture into a mold for producing a block is carried out. The mold used in this step may be formed into various shapes such as a polygonal flat plate or a column shape to diversify the shape of the vegetation block.

Further, the step of filling the mold with the CSG mixture and then pressing the CSG mixture to form a CSG layer is performed. Next, when the CSG layer is formed by the compaction, a culture soil in which seeds are seeded is installed And a block forming step in which the laid soil is consolidated and the soil layer is formed integrally on top of the CSG layer to produce a vegetation block.

The compaction force is in the range of 12 to 70 kgf · cm / cm3. If the compaction force is applied below the strength of the vegetation block, the strength of the vegetation block may be lowered and easily damaged. Further, when the compaction force is applied above the above strength, the strength of the vegetation block can be gradually increased, but it is preferably within the above range because the efficiency against the increase in strength is lowered, more preferably 15.13 kgf · cm / Cm < 3 > to 30 kgf · cm / cm < 3 > to maintain the strength of the vegetation block relative to the low energy.

At this time, compaction of the culture soil (including organic soil) is lower than the compaction force of the CSG layer, so that germination of seeds and initial growth of germinated roots are facilitated. For example, the energy for compaction of the CSG mixture is 15 to 70 kgf · cm / cm 3, and the energy for compaction of the culture soil is 12 to 15 kgf · cm / cm 3 to minimize degradation of seed germination and root growth can do.

In the compaction, the CSG material layer and the soil layer containing the seed may be put together in a mold at once, but in such a case, the soil layer should be adjusted to be positioned at the top portion. For example, the CSG mixture may be filled to a certain thickness, and the soil may be laid on top of the CSG mixture to compaction so that the soil layer is formed on the upper surface of the prepared vegetation block.

In addition, the cultivation soil to which seeds are seeded may be formed into a single mat as well as a method of placing it on top of the CSG layer, and then integrally forming the CSG layer by compaction.

The block forming step may further include a curing process in which the hydration reaction of the mixed cement occurs.

In the present invention, the seeds sown in the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass, and may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more species. .

According to the present invention, the addition of PVA fibers to the CSG material can increase the tensile strength of the vegetation block by increasing the tensile strength of the fiber to increase the root-mean-square force and increase the bending strength as the amount of cement and PVA fiber is increased .

In addition, when PVA is blended in the CSG vegetation block, the hydration product produced by the cement not only increases the bond strength with the soil but also improves the adhesion strength with the incorporated PVA fiber, thereby effectively increasing the fracture strength of the fiber- . Therefore, it can be useful for greening application method when mixed seeding of turfgrass with excellent initial growth rate in CSG vegetation block.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

< Example  1>

CSG Of the vegetation block  Produce

<1-1> Materials

As the material used for the production of the CSG vegetation block according to the present invention, the gravel-like soil generated at the site near the Kangwon National University was used, and Table 1 and FIG. 1 show the basic physical properties and particle size distribution curve of the gravel .

Table 2 and Table 3 show the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aggregate and cement used in the examples of the present invention, respectively.

PVA (RECS100L) was used as the fiber used to increase the tensile strength of the vegetation block.

The vegetation was applied with a mixture of Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, which are well adapted to a wide range of soil conditions.

[Table 1]

The basic properties of the soil used in the present invention

[Table 2]

The mechanical properties of the Portland cement used in the present invention

[Table 3]

The chemical composition of the Portland cement used in the present invention

<1-2> CSG  Mixing design of materials and Specification  making

[Mixing design]

It is important that the blend design for the CSG material determines the reasonable amount of unit material that the CSG material meets the target design strength and economy. It is necessary to determine the amount of cement, amount of water, and amount of aggregate which can secure the design standard strength through indoor test such as compaction and strength test, Generally, there is no definite standard for CSG blending design, but it is classified into soil mechanics method and concrete blending design method using compaction test. In this embodiment, CSG materials were mixed with 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of cement based on the total weight of the materials to analyze uniaxial compressive strength characteristics.

[ Specification  making]

In order to analyze the unconfined compressive strength characteristics of CSG materials according to the amount of cement and ages, the yield and volume of the CSG materials were calculated using the soil mechanics three - phase relationship based on the optimal water content and the maximum dry unit weight calculated in the compaction test. The CSG material was injected into a φ100 × 200 mm mold so as to exhibit the same level of compaction energy, and the specimen was divided into 5 layers so as to prevent material separation. In addition, curing was carried out for 3 days and 7, 28 days in order to investigate the strength characteristics according to ages. The curing method includes atmospheric curing, sealed curing, wet curing, and underwater curing, but in this embodiment, atmospheric curing is applied.

<1-3> CSG  Design and manufacture of blocks

[Mixing design]

In order to analyze the fracture strength characteristics according to the amount of cement used, the cement content is 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the total weight, and PVA is 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% And the mixing ratio of the materials is shown in Table 4 below.

[Table 4]

Mixing ratio of materials (unit: g)

[ Specification  making]

The cross section of the vegetation block is 20 × 20 cm in size to facilitate evaluation of germination rate, coating degree and growth characteristics of plants after the vegetation. The height of the block is set so that the roots of the plant can be adhered after planting, 5 cm. Mixing materials for the production of vegetation blocks were preliminarily mixed for 1 minute using a commercial mixer and rehydrated for 3 minutes. In the block production, the mixed CSG material was put into the mold for block, and divided into three layers so that material separation did not occur, and compaction was performed so that the same compaction energy as that of the correction E compaction test could be expressed.

The curing method for the vegetation block includes curing methods such as atmospheric curing, sealing curing, wet curing, and underwater curing. However, in this embodiment, atmospheric curing is applied in the same manner as the uniaxial compressive strength specimen of the CSG material .

< Test Example  1>

CSG  Material characteristic test

<1-1> Compromise

Compaction tests were carried out by adjusting the number of times of compaction so that the compaction energy was kept constant by the A compaction method (φ100 × 200 mm) since no clear criteria for the compaction test method and construction method for the CSG material have been proposed yet.

In order to analyze the optimum water content and the maximum dry unit weight according to the compaction characteristics of the CSG materials according to the amount of cement, compaction test was performed by compaction of A by varying the amount of cement at 0, 4, 6, 8, 10% The maximum drying unit weight and optimal water content were calculated. Fig. 4 shows the optimum water content and the maximum dry unit weight according to the amount of cement.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the maximum dry density and the optimal water content were found to be 2.14, 2.05, 2.05, 2.02, and 2.04 g for the cement content of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10% / cm3 and 8, 10, 10.65, 11.38 and 10.29%, respectively, indicating that the maximum dry density and optimum water content according to the amount of cement showed a slight difference.

<1-2> Uniaxial compressive strength

Unconfined compressive strength (hereinafter referred to as "UCS") was measured on KS F 2405 (concrete compressive strength test method) at 3, 7, and 28 days of age using a 100 mm × 200 mm specimen And the load was measured at a rate of 1 mm / min.

In CSG materials, the amount of cement is closely related to the strength characteristics. Generally, as the amount of cement increases, the strength increases. However, it is important to derive the optimal blending ratio for cement amount considering economical efficiency and design strength. Fig. 5 shows the uniaxial compressive strength according to the age and cement amount of the CSG material.

Fig. 5 (a) shows the compressive strength at 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days of age, showing rapid intensity development at 3 days of age, and after 7 days, the increase rate of strength decreased. The strength of the 7th day of the occupation of Yeongnam is more than 70% of the strength of the 28th day of the occupation. The unconfined compressive strength test results of cement mixtures with 4, 6, 8 and 10% cement mixture cured for 3 days were 1.84 MPa, 2.58 MPa, 2.99 MPa and 3.71 MPa, respectively.

Fig. 5 (b) shows the relationship of the uniaxial compressive strength according to the cement content, and it is found that the cement has a high correlation of 0.997 or more. The higher the content of cement, the larger the uniaxial compressive strength and the smaller the amount of cement, the higher the cement strength. The strength of the cement was 10 MPa for the 28 days, and 5.2 MPa for the 7 days.

If it is used as a building material, the strength of 5.0 MPa is sufficient for 28 days based on the cement brick. Therefore, it is considered that if more than 8% cement is mixed, a block product using CSG material such as CSG shore block of the required strength can be obtained.

Table 5 shows the strength ratios of 28 days strength for each sample size. The strength of the 3 day strength was about 57 ~ 67% of 28 day strength and 7 days strength was about 69 ~ 85% .

[Table 5]

Strength ratio by sample size

< Test Example  2>

CSG  Block Vegetation  Characteristic test

<2-1> Vegetation  characteristic

On the block for vegetation, 1 cm of culture soil was laid in order to prevent the loss of seeds during seed sowing and to allow germination to proceed smoothly. The seeding amount was 0.8 g each of Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass per block, considering the germination rate and the degree of plant growth.

After the application of the vegetation, the growth was allowed to proceed in the vinyl house to control the temperature and the external environment, and sufficient moisture was supplied to promote seed germination and growth. Initial germination rate, growth rate and coating degree were measured by visual observation of germination and initial growth state of seeds. Root length was measured at 4 weeks after sowing.

The characteristics of vegetation were analyzed by measuring the degree of vegetation, growth, root length, In order to analyze the growth characteristics of plants in the vegetation block using CSG materials, germination rate, coverage, growth and root length were measured for 4 weeks after sowing. The germination rate and the degree of coating were visually observed, and the growth characteristics according to the presence of cement and the type of plant were analyzed. Particularly, the coating was examined in the late stage of growth (4 weeks after sowing) using a visual rating system.

Fig. 2 (a) shows a completed vegetation block equipped with a case for the measurement of the asteroid force, and Fig. 2 (b) shows the vegetation block and the removed case and vegetation after the measurement of the root strength.

The visual acuity evaluation by the visual evaluation method was evaluated as a score of 1 point between the points of no scratching and 9 points of the best coating. Growth and root length were evaluated by direct measurement of plant length and root length.

Table 6 shows vegetation characteristics such as growth, coverage, and root-mean-square in the CSG vegetation block mixed with PVA. In the vegetation experiment, initial germination was started in about 4 ~ 7 days in all vegetation blocks regardless of the amount of cement, and initial germination rate was about 60 ~ 65%. The initial germination rate was high because it was mixed with turf.

On the other hand, the initial germination rate in all vegetation blocks regardless of the amount of cement showed high initial germination rate because the germination condition of the vegetation was improved by installing the culture soil on the block in the CSG vegetation block production, It was judged that the ground was not completely cured.

These results indicate that CSG materials can be applied to vegetation irrespective of the mixing amount of cement in terms of initial germination, considering that germination occurs regardless of plant type in all CSG formulations containing cement.

As shown in Table 6, in the vegetation block in which three kinds of grass were sown at 4 weeks after sowing, the growth rate of the top part of the plant was 6 to 10 cm in all the blocks regardless of the CSG combination. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of CSG from above ground. Therefore, the incorporation of cement did not affect the growth characteristics of the plants planted in CSG vegetation block. On the other hand, when mixed with grass and herbaceous plants, the initial growth rate and the initial growth rate of the grasses are slow, but the longer the growth period, the higher the growth rate of grasses and leaves It can be applied advantageously to the greening method. Regardless of the amount of cement, the vegetation block with 3 seeds of seeds showed high coverage of 7.5 or more at the point of 4 weeks after sowing.

[Table 6]

Vegetation Characteristics such as Growth, Coverage and Rooting Power in CSG Vegetation Block Mixed with PVA

These results show that the mixed seeding method with grass growth rate of early growth rate can be applied to greening method.

<2-2> Arousal power  characteristic

In the vegetation block using CSG material, a tensile tester with a capacity of 1.96 MPa and 4.90 MPa was used to quantitatively analyze the rootstock force due to the adherence and entrapment of the plant roots with the unit cement amount and vegetation type.

As shown in Fig. 6, the root-mean-square (CSG) content of 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of cement content of aged 28 days was measured at 4 weeks after sowing in the CSG vegetation block containing PVA. According to the blending ratio of PVA (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) to the vegetation block, the respective austenitic strengths ranged from 1.08 to 1.46 kPa, 0.77 to 1.16 kPa, 0.69 to 1.46 kPa and 0.78 to 1.08 kPa, 4% in the vegetation block.

As a result of observing the vegetation block, the vegetation block containing less cement showed that the root of the plant penetrated a little deeper, and this phenomenon caused the increase of the adhesion force, I could. Also, it was confirmed that the higher the blending ratio of PVA, the higher the root strength.

From these results, the present inventors have found that the addition of the fibers enhances the tensile strength of the vegetation block, thereby enhancing the root strength.

< Test Example  3>

CSG  Bending strength test of block

Generally, the amount of cement is closely related to the strength characteristics. Generally, as the amount of cement increases, the strength increases. However, it is important to derive the optimal blending ratio for the amount of cement considering economical efficiency and strength of design standard.

The specimens were placed as shown in Fig. 3, and the distance between points was taken as 170 mm. The flexural strength was measured by applying a load at the center between the points. The specimens of 20 × 20 × 5 cm were subjected to compressive strength test according to KS F 2408 And the load was measured at a rate of 0.1 mm / min.

7 shows the flexural strength of the CSG block according to the content of geosynthetic fibers and cement at 28 days of age.

As shown in FIG. 7, the flexural strength of the CSG block was 1.02 MPa, 1.29 MPa, and 1.26 MPa at the cement mixing ratio of 4% and 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0 PVA, And the flexural strengths of PVA at 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0 at cement mixing ratio of 6% were 1.04 MPa, 1.69 MPa and 1.97 MPa, respectively (see FIG. 7 (b)). The flexural strengths of PVA at 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% at 8% of cement ratio were 2.17 MPa, 2.40 MPa and 2.54 MPa, respectively (see Fig. 7 (c) The bending strength at 1.0 was 3.14 MPa, 3.25 MPa and 3.76 MPa, respectively (see Fig. 7 (d)).

From these results, the present inventors have found that as the content of cement increases, the fracture strength increases, especially the fracture strength increases rapidly at 10% of the cement content, and the brittle And it was confirmed that the strength was increased with increasing cement ratio. The larger the fiber ratio, the higher the strength, but the more the fiber ratio, the more the cement ratio was affected.

It was found that the hydration products produced by cement not only increase the bond strength with soil but also contribute to the enhancement of adhesion strength with mixed PVA fibers, and thus are effective in increasing the fracture strength of fiber reinforced mixed soil materials.

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims (10)

70 to 90 parts by weight of gypsum, 3 to 15 parts by weight of cement, 5 to 10 parts by weight of water and 0.6 to 1.0 part by weight of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the gypsum comprises 40 to 60 wt% of sand, 20 to 40 wt% of gravel having a size of 9.5 mm or more, and 10 to 30 wt% of gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm. (Cemented sand and gravel) mixture by mixing 70 to 90 parts by weight of soil, 3 to 15 parts by weight of cement, 5 to 10 parts by weight of water and 0.6 to 1.0 part by weight of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol).
Introducing the mixed CSG mixture into a block making mold;
Forming a CSG layer by compaction of the CSG mixture filled in the mold at an energy of 15 to 70 kgfcm / cm3;
Placing a culture soil on which seeds are seeded on the upper surface of the CSG layer of the mold; And
Reinforcing the CSG vegetation block with the energy of 12 to 15 kgfcm / cm3 to form a block integrally formed with the soil layer on the CSG layer. delete 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the gypsum comprises 40 to 60% by weight of sand, 20 to 40% by weight of gravel having a size of 9.5 mm or more, and 10 to 30% by weight of gravel having a size of 4.5 to 9.5 mm. Way. delete delete 5. The method of claim 4,
The seeds may be selected from the group consisting of Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, which are used alone or as a mixture of two or more species. Fiber reinforced CSG vegetation block manufacturing method. A fiber-reinforced CSG vegetation block produced according to any one of claims 4, 6 and 9.

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