KR101404591B1 - Shear thickening fluid and bulletproof materials comprising the same - Google Patents
Shear thickening fluid and bulletproof materials comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/53—Polyethers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
- B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/02—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin in the form of fibres or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 전단농화유체 및 이를 포함하는 방탄재에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 전단농화유체에 포함되는 분산유체로서 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체를 사용함으로써, 유체의 특성을 유지하면서 전단농화현상시 전단응력에 의한 에너지 흡수를 극대화할 수 있는 전단농화유체, 이를 포함하는 방탄재 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다.
BACKGROUND OF THE
본 발명을 지원한 국가연구개발사업National R & D project supporting the present invention
과제고유번호: EO-12-0005Assignment number: EO-12-0005
관계부처명: 기획재정부Relevant department name: Ministry of Strategy and Finance
연구사업명: 기관고유임무형사업 (세부사업: 대표과제)Research Project Name: Dedicated mission-type business (detailed project: representative task)
연구과제명: 나노융합 3-D 입체 섬유기술 개발Research title: Development of nanofiber 3-D staple fiber technology
주관기관: 한국생산기술연구원Organizer: Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
연구기간: 2012년 01월 01일 ~ 2012년 12월 31일
Research period: January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2012
방탄재를 이용한 제품 중 하나인 방탄복은 총탄으로부터 사람을 보호하는 옷으로서 우선 무게가 가벼워야 하고, 우수한 사격 및 열 충격 저항능력을 가져야 하며, 구조적 변형이 작아야 하고, 통풍성이 좋아야 한다. 따라서 방탄복 등에 포함되는 섬유는 고강력, 고탄성, 고내열, 저비중, 고통풍성의 섬유가 사용되고 있다. One of the products that use bulletproof materials, bulletproof clothing is a clothing that protects people from bullets, must first be light in weight, have excellent fire and heat shock resistance, have a small structural strain, and should have good ventilation. Therefore, high strength, high elasticity, high heat resistance, low specific gravity, and painfulness of fibers are used in the body armor and the like.
이러한 방탄복 등에 이용되는 방탄재에는 종래 고강도 폴리에틸렌 시트가 널리 사용되어 왔으나 제조원가가 비싸고 제조가 어려운 문제가 있어, 또 다른 종류로서 세라믹 판과 아라미드 직물을 여러 매로 적층시킨 아라미드 직물 적층체가 널리 사용되어 왔다. 최근에는 또 다른 방탄재로서 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)가 함침된 아라미드 직물이 여러 매 겹쳐져 있는 아라미드 직물 적층체가 사용되고 있다.
A high strength polyethylene sheet has been widely used in bulletproof materials used in such a body armor and the like, but it is expensive and difficult to manufacture. Another type of laminated aramid fabric laminated with ceramic sheets and aramid fabrics has been widely used. In recent years, aramid fabric laminates have been used in which a plurality of aramid fabrics impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) are stacked as another bulletproof material.
일반적으로 전단농화유체란 유체에 전단응력(Shear stress)또는 전단속도(Shear rate)가 가해졌을 때 초기에는 전단담화(Shear thinning)현상을 보이다가 임계전단속도에 도달하게 되면 점도가 급격히 증가하면서 전단농화(Shear thickening)현상을 보이는 비뉴턴 유체를 말한다(도 1 참조). 상기 전단농화유체는 액상 분산매에 고체 입자가 분산되어 있는 콜로이드와 같은 현탁액 형태이다. 구체적으로, 도 1에서 입자상은 무기 입자(예컨대, 실리카 입자)를 나타내며, 그 빈 공간을 분산유체(예컨대, 폴리에틸렌글리콜)가 채우고 있는 형태이다.In general, shear thinning phenomenon occurs when a shear stress or a shear rate is applied to a fluid. When the shear thinning phenomenon occurs at a critical shear rate, the viscosity increases sharply, Newtonian fluid showing shear thickening (see Figure 1). The shear thickening fluid is in the form of a suspension such as a colloid in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium. Specifically, in Fig. 1, the particulate phase represents inorganic particles (for example, silica particles), and the void space thereof is filled with a dispersion fluid (for example, polyethylene glycol).
이러한 전단농화유체를 섬유에 함침하는 경우, 전단농화유체는 총탄 등으로 외부에서 급격한 충격이 가해지면 액상에서 고상으로 상변화가 일어나 딱딱해지면서 외부충격이 내부로 침투하는 것을 방지하는 역할을 수행한다. 그 결과 전단농화유체는 탄환 등의 충격으로부터 신체를 보호할 수 있는 방탄 내지 방검 효과를 발휘하게 된다.
When impregnating the shear-thickening fluid with fibers, the shear-thickening fluid acts as a bullet or the like to cause a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase when the impact is suddenly applied from the outside, thereby preventing the external impact from penetrating into the inside . As a result, the shearing-concentrated fluid exhibits a bullet-proof effect for protecting the body from shocks such as bullets.
종래 실리카 입자와 분산유체를 함유하는 전단농화유체의 경우 분산유체로는 주로 친수성의 폴리에틸렌글리콜(Polyethylene glycol; PEG)이 사용되어 왔다. 여기서, 폴리에틸렌글리콜로는 유체의 특성을 충분히 발현하기 위해 분자량 200 정도의 것을 사용하게 된다. 사용되는 실리카의 종류나 함량에 따라 전단농화특성은 달라지게 되며, 이때 전단농화유체가 흡수할 수 있는 충격에너지의 양은 전단농화특성을 나타내는 레올로지 특성 곡선의 면적으로 표현된다.
Conventionally, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used as a dispersing fluid in the case of a shear thickening fluid containing silica particles and a dispersing fluid. Here, polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 200 is used in order to sufficiently express the properties of the fluid. The amount of impact energy absorbed by the shear thickening fluid is expressed by the area of the rheological characteristic curve showing shear thickening characteristics.
방탄성능과 관련하여, 전단농화유체의 구성성분 중 하나인 분산유체(예컨대, PEG)의 분자량을 증가시키면 전단농화현상이 발현되는 임계전단응력이 낮아지고 농화현상의 점도값을 상승시킬 수 있다. 그러나 어느 정도 이상의 분자량에서는 유체로서의 특성이 없어져 전단농화현상 자체가 상실되는 더 큰 문제가 발생하게 된다.
With respect to the bulletproof performance, increasing the molecular weight of a dispersion fluid (for example, PEG), which is one of the constituents of the shear thickening fluid, lowers the critical shear stress at which the shear thickening phenomenon is manifested and increases the viscosity value of the thickening phenomenon. However, when the molecular weight is above a certain level, the properties as a fluid are lost, and the shear thickening phenomenon itself is lost.
이에, 유체의 특성을 유지하면서도 전단농화현상시 전단응력에 의한 충격에너지 흡수를 최대화할 수 있는 전단농화유체에 개발이 요구되는 실정이다.
Therefore, it is required to develop a shear thickening fluid that can maximize impact energy absorption by shear stress during shear thickening while maintaining fluid characteristics.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하고자 한 것으로, 유체로서의 특성은 유지하면서도 전단농화현상시 더욱 큰 점도 발현으로 충격흡수효과가 극대화되어 방탄재 등으로 유용하게 적용될 수 있는 전단농화유체 및 이를 포함하는 방탄재를 제공하는 것을 기술적 과제로 한다.
Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a shear thickening fluid and a shear thickening fluid which can be effectively applied to bulletproof materials, And to provide a bulletproof material containing the bulletproof material.
상기한 기술적 과제를 달성하고자, 본 발명은 무기 입자 및 분산유체를 포함하며, 상기 분산유체는 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 제공한다.In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a shear thickening fluid (STF) comprising inorganic particles and a dispersion fluid, wherein the dispersion fluid is a mixed fluid having two or more different molecular weights do.
또한, 본 발명의 다른 측면으로, 고강력 원사로 이루어진 섬유체, 및 상기 섬유체에 함침된 본 발명의 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 포함하는 방탄재(및 방탄복)를 제공한다.According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bulletproof material (and a bulletproof material) comprising a fibrous body made of a high-strength yarn and a shear thickening fluid (STF) of the present invention impregnated into the fibrous body.
또한, 본 발명의 또 다른 측면으로, 분산유체로서 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체를 제조하는 단계; 상기 분산유체 및 무기 입자를 교반하여 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 제조하는 단계; 및 상기 전단농화유체를 고강력 원사로 이루어진 섬유체에 함침하는 단계;를 포함하는 방탄재의 제조방법을 제공한다.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a fluid mixture comprising: preparing a mixed fluid having two or more components having different molecular weights as a dispersion fluid; Stirring the dispersion fluid and the inorganic particles to prepare a shear thickening fluid (STF); And impregnating the fibrous body made of the high-strength yarn with the shearing-concentrated fluid.
본 발명의 전단농화유체는 분자량이 낮은 성분에 상대적으로 분자량이 높은 성분을 소정량 첨가한 혼합 분산유체를 사용함으로써, 이를 방탄복 등에 적용할 경우 유체로서의 특성은 유지되면서 전단농화현상시 더욱 큰 점도가 발현되어 전단응력에 의한 충격에너지 흡수를 최대화할 수 있다.
The shear-thickening fluid of the present invention uses a mixed dispersion fluid in which a predetermined amount of a component having a relatively high molecular weight is added to a component having a low molecular weight. When the composite dispersion fluid is applied to a kerosene or the like, the fluid properties are maintained, So that the impact energy absorption due to the shear stress can be maximized.
도 1은 통상적인 전단농화유체의 전단농화 거동을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 2는 실시예 및 비교예에 따른 전단농화유체의 전단농화 거동을 나타내는 그래프이다.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing shear thickening behavior of a conventional shear thickened fluid. FIG.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing shear thickening behavior of shear thickened fluids according to Examples and Comparative Examples. Fig.
이하, 본 발명에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
본 명세서에서 사용된 용어는 특정 실시예를 설명하기 위하여 사용되며, 본 발명을 제한하기 위한 것이 아니다. 본 명세서에서 사용된 바와 같이, 단수 형태는 문맥상 다른 경우를 분명히 지적하는 것이 아니라면, 복수의 형태를 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 본 명세서에서 사용되는 경우 "포함한다(comprise)" 및/또는 "포함하는(comprising)"은 언급한 형상들, 숫자, 단계, 동작, 부재, 요소 및/또는 이들 그룹의 존재를 특정하는 것이며, 하나 이상의 다른 형상, 숫자, 동작, 부재, 요소 및/또는 그룹들의 존재 또는 부가를 배제하는 것이 아니다.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a,""an," and "the" include singular forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, " comprise "and / or" comprising "when used herein should be interpreted as specifying the presence of stated shapes, numbers, steps, operations, elements, elements, and / And does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, operations, elements, elements, and / or groups.
전단농화유체Shear thickening fluid
본 발명의 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)는 무기 입자 및 분산유체를 포함하는 것으로서, 상기 분산유체는 (평균)분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체인 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명에서는 저분자량 성분에 고분자량 성분을 첨가하여 분산유체의 조성을 변화(개질)시킴으로써, 유체의 성질을 잃지 않게 함과 동시에 종래 저분자량 성분만을 단독 사용하는 전단농화유체 대비 더욱 개선된 충격흡수효과를 발현한다.
The shear thickening fluid (STF) of the present invention includes inorganic particles and a dispersion fluid, wherein the dispersion fluid is a mixed fluid having two or more components having different (average) molecular weights. In the present invention, by adding a high molecular weight component to a low molecular weight component to change (modify) the composition of a dispersed fluid, the fluid property is not lost and at the same time, a further improved shock absorbing effect Lt; / RTI >
본 발명에서의 분산유체는 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상이 혼합된 것이며, 그 성분의 개수가 반드시 한정되는 것은 아니다. 예를 들어, 저분자량 성분 및 고분자량 성분으로 구성된 2성분계 분산유체, 또는 저분자량 성분, 중분자량 성분 및 고분자량 성분으로 구성된 3성분계 분산유체를 사용할 수 있다.
The dispersion fluid in the present invention is a mixture of two or more components having different molecular weights, and the number of components is not necessarily limited. For example, a two-component dispersion fluid composed of a low molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component, or a three component dispersion fluid composed of a low molecular weight component, a middle molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component can be used.
본 발명의 전단농화유체는 무기 입자(예컨대, 분말 형태의 실리카 입자)가 분산유체에 충진되어 있는 형태이며, 상기 분산유체로는 비휘발성이고 무독성이며 전단농화유체의 전단농화특성을 유지시켜주는 것이라면 특별한 제한없이 사용할 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 분산유체로서 분자량이 서로 다른 2종 이상의 폴리에틸렌글리콜(Polyethylene Glycol; PEG)을 사용한다. 또한, 경우에 따라 저분자량 성분으로서 에틸렌글리콜(Ethylene Glycol; EG)과 고분자량 성분으로서 폴리에틸렌글리콜을 혼합하여 사용할 수도 있다.
The shear-thickening fluid of the present invention is a form in which inorganic particles (for example, silica particles in the form of powder) are filled in a dispersion fluid. If the dispersion fluid is nonvolatile and non-toxic and maintains the shear thickening property of the shear thickening fluid Can be used without any special restrictions. Preferably, two or more kinds of polyethylene glycols (PEG) having different molecular weights are used as the dispersion fluid. In some cases, ethylene glycol (EG) may be used as a low molecular weight component and polyethylene glycol may be used as a high molecular weight component.
일 구체예에서, 상기 분산유체는 분자량이 200 ~ 600인 저분자량 성분 및 분자량이 1000 ~ 8000인 고분자량 성분이 혼합된 유체일 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 분자량이 200 정도인 저분자량 성분 및 분자량이 1000, 2000 또는 4000 정도인 고분자량 성분의 혼합유체를 사용한다.
In one embodiment, the dispersion fluid may be a fluid mixture of a low molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 200 to 600 and a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 1000 to 8000. Preferably, a mixed fluid of a low molecular weight component having a molecular weight of about 200 and a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight of about 1000, 2000, or 4000 is used.
상기 분산유체에 있어 저분자량 성분과 고분자량 성분의 혼합비는 유체로서의 특성을 유지함과 동시에 전단농화현상시 큰 점도를 발현할 수 있는 수준이라면 특별히 제한되는 것은 아니다. The mixing ratio of the low-molecular-weight component and the high-molecular-weight component in the dispersion fluid is not particularly limited as long as it maintains the characteristics as a fluid and can exhibit a large viscosity at the time of shear thickening.
바람직하게는, 저분자량 성분 80 ~ 95 중량% 및 고분자량 성분 5 ~ 20 중량%를 포함하는 혼합유체를 사용한다. 저분자량 성분이 80 중량% 미만이거나 고분자량 성분이 20 중량%를 초과하면 고분자량 성분의 상대적 함량이 지나치게 높아져 유체로서의 특성이 사라지면서 전단농화현상 자체가 일어나지 않을 수 있으며, 저분자량 성분이 95 중량%를 초과하거나 고분자량 성분이 5 중량% 미만이면 고분자량 성분의 상대적 함량이 지나치게 낮아져 전단농화현상시 점도 상승이 부족하게 일어나 전단응력에 의한 충격에너지 흡수효과가 미미해질 수 있다.
Preferably, a mixed fluid comprising 80 to 95% by weight of a low molecular weight component and 5 to 20% by weight of a high molecular weight component is used. If the low molecular weight component is less than 80% by weight or the high molecular weight component is more than 20% by weight, the relative content of the high molecular weight component becomes excessively high, the characteristics as a fluid disappear and the shear thickening phenomenon itself may not occur. % Or the content of the high molecular weight component is less than 5% by weight, the relative content of the high molecular weight component is excessively low, so that the increase in viscosity during shearing thickening is insufficient and the impact energy absorbing effect due to shear stress may become insignificant.
상기 무기 입자로는 실리카, 이산화티탄 및 나노 카본튜브 중에서 선택된 1종 이상을 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 실리카 입자를 사용한다. 실리카 입자의 경우, 불꽃에서 만들어진 1차 입자가 충돌로 인해 서로 연결되어 2차 입자를 형성하며, 이것이 3차원의 응집체(Aggregates, Agglomerate)를 형성한다.
As the inorganic particles, at least one selected from silica, titanium dioxide and nano-carbon tubes can be used, and silica particles are preferably used. In the case of silica particles, the primary particles made from the flame are connected to each other by collision to form secondary particles, which form three-dimensional aggregates (Aggregates, Agglomerates).
상기 실리카 입자로는 흄드 실리카(Fumed silica) 및/또는 구형 실리카(Spherical silica)를 사용할 수 있다. 이 중 흄드 실리카는 1,000℃ 이상의 불꽃 내에서 가수분해됨으로써 아래와 같은 반응에 의하여 형성된다.As the silica particles, fumed silica and / or spherical silica may be used. Among these, the fumed silica is formed by the following reaction by hydrolysis in the flame above 1,000 ° C.
SiCl4 + 2H2 + O2 → SiO2 + 4HClSiCl 4 + 2H 2 + O 2 → SiO 2 + 4HCl
상기 흄드 실리카의 1차 입자는 구형 실리카 입자나 콜로이달 실리카 입자에 비하여 그 크기가 매우 작고 가벼우며 표면적이 넓고 비용이 저렴하다는 장점을 지닌다. 반면, 흄드 실리카 입자들 간의 응집으로 인하여 1차 입자와 2차 입자의 크기가 동일한 구형 실리카 입자들에 비해 균일한 상태로의 분산이 매우 어려운 단점이 있다. 이러한 측면에서, 상기 실리카 입자로는 흄드 실리카 및 구형 실리카를 모두 포함하는 2종의 실리카를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.
The primary particles of the fumed silica are advantageous in that they are very small in size, light in weight, have a large surface area, and are inexpensive as compared with spherical silica particles or colloidal silica particles. On the other hand, it is very difficult to disperse the spherical silica particles in a uniform state compared to the spherical silica particles having the same size of the primary particles and the secondary particles due to aggregation between the fumed silica particles. In this respect, as the silica particles, it is preferable to use two types of silica including both fumed silica and spherical silica.
상기 실리카 입자의 직경은 10 ~ 1000nm, 바람직하게는 10 ~ 500nm, 더욱 바람직하게는 10 ~ 300nm, 가장 바람직하게는 10 ~ 100nm 수준인 것이 방탄성능 측면에서 적절하다.
The diameter of the silica particles is suitably 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 500 nm, more preferably 10 to 300 nm, and most preferably 10 to 100 nm in view of the bulletproof performance.
일 구체예에서, 본 발명의 전단농화유체는 무기 입자 10 ~ 90 중량% 및 분산유체 10 ~ 90 중량%를 포함하는 것일 수 있다. 무기 입자의 함량이 10 중량% 미만이면 방탄성능이 저하될 수 있으며, 그 함량이 90 중량%를 초과하면 방탄복 등의 무게 및 두께가 증가하여 착용자의 움직임에 불편을 초래할 수 있다.
In one embodiment, the shear thickening fluid of the present invention may comprise 10-90 wt% of inorganic particles and 10-90 wt% of disperse fluid. If the content of the inorganic particles is less than 10% by weight, the ballistic performance may deteriorate. If the content of the inorganic particles exceeds 90% by weight, the weight and thickness of the body armor or the like may increase, which may cause inconvenience to the movement of the wearer.
본 발명의 전단농화유체는 분산제를 더 포함하는 것일 수 있다. 상기 분산제로는 에탄올 및 메탄올을 단독으로 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있으나, 반드시 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
The shear thickening fluid of the present invention may further comprise a dispersing agent. As the dispersing agent, ethanol and methanol may be used singly or in combination, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
본 발명의 전단농화유체를 제조하는 방법은 특별히 제한되지 않으며, 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체를 분산유체로 사용하여 당분야의 통상적인 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다. The method for producing the shearing-concentrated fluid of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a mixed fluid having two or more different molecular weights may be used as a dispersing fluid to prepare the fluid according to a conventional method in the art.
예를 들어, 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체와 무기 입자를 포함시켜 믹싱(Mixing) 장치 또는 호모게나이저(Homogenizer)를 이용하여 교반함으로써 본 발명의 전단농화유체를 제조할 수 있다. 이때 교반속도는 무기 입자와 분산유체의 원활한 혼합을 위해 120rpm 이상, 예를 들어 120 ~ 3000rpm 수준으로 유지함이 바람직하다.
For example, the shearing-concentrated fluid of the present invention can be prepared by mixing a mixture fluid of two or more components having different molecular weights and inorganic particles and stirring the mixture using a mixing device or a homogenizer. At this time, the stirring speed is preferably maintained at 120 rpm or more, for example, 120 to 3000 rpm for smooth mixing of the inorganic particles and the dispersed fluid.
방탄재Bulletproof material
본 발명의 다른 측면에 따르면, 고강력 원사로 이루어진 섬유체, 및 상기 섬유체에 함침된 본 발명의 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 포함하는 (나노융합) 방탄재가 제공된다.According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a (nano-fusion) bulletproof material comprising a fibrous body made of a high-strength yarn and a shear thickening fluid (STF) of the present invention impregnated in the fibrous body.
본 발명의 방탄재는 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체에 무기 입자가 분산, 충진된 전단농화유체를 사용하는바, 상기 전단농화유체가 유체의 특성을 유지하는 한도에서 전단농화현상시 전단응력에 의한 에너지 흡수를 최대화하여 방탄성능을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.
The bulletproof material of the present invention uses a shear thickening fluid in which inorganic particles are dispersed and filled in a mixed fluid having two or more different molecular weights. When the shear thickening fluid maintains the properties of the fluid, shear stress It is possible to maximize the energy absorption by the ballast, thereby greatly improving the bulletproof performance.
본 발명의 방탄재를 제조하는 방법은 특별히 제한되지 않으며, 당분야의 통상적인 방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다.The method for producing the bulletproof material of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be produced according to a conventional method in the art.
예를 들어, 분산유체로서 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 혼합유체를 제조하는 단계; 상기 분산유체 및 무기 입자를 교반하여 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 제조하는 단계; 및 상기 전단농화유체를 고강력 원사로 이루어진 섬유체에 함침하는 단계;를 거쳐 본 발명의 방탄재를 제조할 수 있다.
For example, it is possible to produce a mixed fluid of two or more components having different molecular weights as a dispersion fluid; Stirring the dispersion fluid and the inorganic particles to prepare a shear thickening fluid (STF); And impregnating the fibrous body composed of the high-strength yarn with the shearing-concentrated fluid to produce the bulletproof material of the present invention.
이때, 상기 전단농화유체는 섬유체의 전체 중량 대비 10 ~ 80 중량%, 바람직하게는 20 ~ 50 중량%로 함침될 수 있다. 전단농화유체에 10 중량% 미만으로 함침되면 방탄성능을 발휘하기 어려울 수 있으며, 80 중량%를 초과하여 함침되면 전단농화유체 자체의 무게로 인하여 전단농화유체가 섬유체로부터 이탈되어 흘러내려 방탄성능이 크게 저하될 수 있다.At this time, the shearing-concentrated fluid may be impregnated in an amount of 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the fibrous body. If the shear thickening fluid is impregnated with less than 10 wt%, it may be difficult to exhibit a bulletproof performance. If the shear thickening fluid is impregnated in an amount exceeding 80 wt%, the shear thickening fluid may be separated from the fibrous material due to the weight of the shear thickening fluid itself, Can be greatly reduced.
상기 섬유체의 형태는 직물 형태, 부직포 형태 및 종이 형태 중에서 선택된 1종의 형태인 것일 수 있으며, 상기 섬유체의 종류로는 아라미드 섬유체, 폴리이미드 섬유체, 폴리벤즈옥사졸 섬유체, 전방향족 폴리에스테르 섬유체, 고강력 폴리에틸렌 섬유체, 고강력 폴리아미드 섬유체 및 고강력 폴리에스테르 섬유체 중에서 선택된 1종인 것일 수 있다. The fibrous body may be in the form of one selected from the group consisting of a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric and a paper. Examples of the fibrous body include an aramid fibrous body, a polyimide fibrous body, a polybenzoxazole fiber body, And may be one selected from a polyester fiber body, a high-strength polyethylene fiber body, a high-strength polyamide fiber body, and a high-strength polyester fiber body.
상기 섬유체는 인장강도가 7000 ~ 20000N/5cm인 높은 강도를 갖는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 위하여 상기 섬유체를 구성하는 고강력 원사는 단사 섬도가 0.7 ~ 1.6 데니어인 모노필라멘트 400 ~ 1000개로 구성되는 것일 수 있으며, 또한 인장강도가 22g/d 이상인 것일 수 있다. The fibrous body preferably has a high strength with a tensile strength of 7,000 to 20,000 N / 5 cm. For this purpose, the high tenacity yarn constituting the fibrous body may be composed of 400 to 1000 monofilaments having a monofilament fineness of 0.7 to 1.6 denier, and may have a tensile strength of 22 g / d or more.
이러한 고강도 원사로 이루어진 섬유체의 조직은 평직 및 바스켓직 중에서 선택된 어느 하나일 수 있고, 이때 고강력 원사의 꼬임수는 5개/m 이하인 것이 바람직하다.
The structure of the fibrous body composed of such a high strength yarn may be any one selected from the plain weave and the basket weave, and the twist number of the high tenacity yarn is preferably 5 / m or less.
본 발명의 방탄재는 방탄복, 방탄모자, 방탄잡화 등의 제조에 이용될 수 있으며, 특히 방탄복의 제조에 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.
The bulletproof material of the present invention can be used in the manufacture of bulletproof vests, bulletproof caps, bulletproof articles, etc., and can be particularly useful for manufacturing bulletproof vests.
이하, 실시예를 통해 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명한다. 그러나 이들 실시예는 본 발명의 이해를 돕기 위한 것일 뿐 어떠한 의미로든 본 발명의 범위가 이들 실시예로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples. However, these examples are provided only for the understanding of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples in any sense.
실시예Example 1( One( SampleSample 7) 7)
입자크기가 10 ~ 100nm인 무기 입자(흄드 실리카 입자 및 구형 실리카 입자) 18 중량%와 분산유체 82 중량% 및 분산제로 메탄올을 혼합하고, Mechanical stirrer를 이용하여 150rpm의 교반속도로 15분간 교반하여 전단농화유체를 제조하였다.18% by weight of inorganic particles (fumed silica particles and spherical silica particles) having a particle size of 10 to 100 nm, 82% by weight of a dispersion fluid and methanol were mixed with a dispersing agent and stirred with a mechanical stirrer at a stirring speed of 150 rpm for 15 minutes, Concentrated fluid was prepared.
이때, 분산유체로는 분자량이 200인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 1) 95 중량%와 분자량이 1000인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 2) 5 중량%로 이루어진 혼합유체를 사용하였다.
As the dispersion fluid, a mixed fluid consisting of 95% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1) having a molecular weight of 200 and 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2) having a molecular weight of 1000 was used.
실시예Example 2( 2( SampleSample 8) 8)
분산유체로서 분자량이 200인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 1) 90 중량%와 분자량이 1000인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 2) 10 중량%로 이루어진 혼합유체를 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 전단농화유체를 제조하였다.
Except that a mixed fluid composed of 90 wt% of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1) having a molecular weight of 200 as a dispersion fluid and 10 wt% of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2) having a molecular weight of 1000 was used as the dispersion fluid, A fluid was prepared.
실시예Example 3( 3 ( SampleSample 9) 9)
분산유체로서 분자량이 200인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 1) 85 중량%와 분자량이 1000인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 2) 15 중량%로 이루어진 혼합유체를 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 전단농화유체를 제조하였다.
Except that a mixed fluid consisting of 85% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1) having a molecular weight of 200 and 15% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2) having a molecular weight of 1000 was used as the dispersion fluid, A fluid was prepared.
실시예Example 4( 4( SampleSample 10) 10)
분산유체로서 분자량이 200인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 1) 80 중량%와 분자량이 1000인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 2) 20 중량%로 이루어진 혼합유체를 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 전단농화유체를 제조하였다.
Except that a mixed fluid consisting of 80% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1) having a molecular weight of 200 as a dispersion fluid and 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2) having a molecular weight of 1000 was used, A fluid was prepared.
비교예Comparative Example (( SampleSample 6) 6)
분산유체로서 분자량이 200인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG 1)만을 사용한 것을 제외하고는, 실시예 1과 동일한 방법으로 전단농화유체를 제조하였다.
A shear thickened fluid was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only polyethylene glycol (PEG 1) having a molecular weight of 200 was used as the dispersion fluid.
[표 1] 실시예 및 비교예의 분산유체 구성[Table 1] Dispersion fluid compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples
실험예Experimental Example
실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 전단농화유체에 전단응력을 가하여 각각의 전단농화 정도를 측정하였으며, 그 결과를 하기 도 2에 나타내었다.
The shear thickening fluid prepared according to Examples and Comparative Examples was subjected to shear stress to measure shear thickening degree. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
도 2를 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 전단농화유체의 경우 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분의 혼합유체를 분산유체로 사용함으로써, 저분자량 성분만을 사용한 비교예 대비 전단농화현상시 더욱 큰 점도가 발현되어 충격흡수효과가 극대화됨을 확인하였다.Referring to FIG. 2, in the case of the shear thickening fluid according to the present invention, by using a mixed fluid of two components having different molecular weights as a dispersion fluid, a greater viscosity is manifested during shearing thickening compared with the comparative example using only low molecular weight components, And the absorption effect is maximized.
아울러, 본 발명에 따라 분자량이 서로 다른 2성분 이상의 분산유체를 적용한 전단농화유체를 이용하여 액체형 방탄복을 제작하였을 경우 방탄성능 또한 크게 향상됨을 확인하였다.
In addition, it has been confirmed that when a liquid type body armor is manufactured using a shear thickening fluid applying two or more dispersed fluids having different molecular weights according to the present invention, bulletproof performance is greatly improved.
Claims (14)
상기 분산유체는 분자량이 200 ~ 600인 저분자량 성분 및 분자량이 1000 ~ 8000인 고분자량 성분의 혼합유체이고,
상기 분산유체는 저분자량 성분 80 ~ 95 중량% 및 고분자량 성분 5 ~ 20 중량%를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF).
An inorganic particle and a dispersing fluid,
The dispersion fluid is a mixed fluid of a low molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 200 to 600 and a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 1000 to 8000,
Characterized in that the dispersion fluid comprises 80 to 95% by weight of low molecular weight components and 5 to 20% by weight of high molecular weight components.
상기 분산유체는 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG)인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the dispersing fluid is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
상기 분산유체는 분자량이 200인 저분자량 성분 및 분자량이 1000, 2000 또는 4000인 고분자량 성분의 혼합유체인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said dispersed fluid is a mixed fluid of a low molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 200 and a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 1000, 2000 or 4000.
상기 무기 입자는 실리카, 이산화티탄 및 나노 카본튜브 중에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the inorganic particles are at least one selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium dioxide, and nanocarbon tubes.
상기 무기 입자는 실리카인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the inorganic particles are silica.
상기 무기 입자는 흄드 실리카 및 구형 실리카를 포함하는 2종의 실리카인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the inorganic particles are two types of silica including fumed silica and spherical silica.
상기 전단농화유체는 무기 입자 10 ~ 90 중량% 및 분산유체 10 ~ 90 중량%를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the shear thickening fluid comprises 10-90 wt% of inorganic particles and 10-90 wt% of a dispersed fluid.
상기 전단농화유체는 분산제를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the shear thickening fluid further comprises a dispersing agent.
상기 분산제는 에탄올 및 메탄올 중에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전단농화유체.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol and methanol.
A fibrous body made of a high-strength yarn, and a shear thickening fluid (STF) according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 6 to 11 impregnated into the fibrous body, .
상기 분산유체 및 무기 입자를 교반하여 전단농화유체(Shear Thickening Fluid; STF)를 제조하는 단계; 및
상기 전단농화유체를 고강력 원사로 이루어진 섬유체에 함침하는 단계;
를 포함하고,
상기 분산유체는 분자량이 200 ~ 600인 저분자량 성분 및 분자량이 1000 ~ 8000인 고분자량 성분의 혼합유체이고,
상기 분산유체는 저분자량 성분 80 ~ 95 중량% 및 고분자량 성분 5 ~ 20 중량%를 포함하는 방탄재의 제조방법.
Preparing a mixed fluid of two or more components having different molecular weights as a dispersion fluid;
Stirring the dispersion fluid and the inorganic particles to prepare a shear thickening fluid (STF); And
Impregnating the fibrous body made of high-strength yarn with the shearing-concentrated fluid;
Lt; / RTI >
The dispersion fluid is a mixed fluid of a low molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 200 to 600 and a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight of 1000 to 8000,
Wherein the dispersion fluid comprises 80 to 95% by weight of a low molecular weight component and 5 to 20% by weight of a high molecular weight component.
A headrest according to claim 12, characterized in that it is manufactured using the bulletproof material according to claim 12.
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| KR101797957B1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2017-12-13 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Shear thickening fluids capsules and polymer composite comprising these capsules |
| CN115386338A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-25 | 中山莱圃新材料有限公司 | Ultrahigh-concentration shear thickening fluid and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104047162B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of novel shear thickening fluid |
| CN104864025A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-08-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Intelligent protective composite material |
| WO2018142293A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Kendurkar Chinmay | A shear-thickening fluid based system and method thereof |
| CN107503149A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-22 | 武汉纺织大学 | A kind of STF and preparation method thereof and its application |
| CN110760102A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | 南京理工大学 | Shear thickening fluid/bacterial cellulose-silicon dioxide composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110541299A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-06 | 泉州师范学院(石狮)生态智能织物工程技术研究院 | preparation method of impact-resistant shear thickening liquid non-woven fabric composite material |
| CN112391691A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-02-23 | 江苏六甲科技有限公司 | Bulletproof material prepared from ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber/shear thickening fluid composite fiber |
| CN112659583B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-03-24 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Novel bulletproof structure and manufacturing process |
| CN113715442A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-30 | 子城(厦门)新材料科技有限公司 | Multifunctional spun-melt non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
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| KR101234525B1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2013-02-19 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Shear Thickening Fluid and method of manufacturing the same |
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| WO2004103231A1 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-02 | University Of Delaware | Advanced body armor utilizing shear thickening fluids |
| EP2324910A2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2011-05-25 | University Of Delaware | Shear thickening fluid containtment in polymer composites |
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| CN115386338A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-25 | 中山莱圃新材料有限公司 | Ultrahigh-concentration shear thickening fluid and preparation method and application thereof |
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