KR101365893B1 - Color filter substrate controllable viewing angle and liquid crystal display using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display that can control a wide / narrow viewing angle mode without color distortion to improve color shift, white balance deterioration, and the like. The color filter substrate is formed on the substrate to define red, green and blue color pixels and the control pixels, the black filter, the color filter layer formed on the red, green and blue color pixels and the control pixels, the control pixels as a whole and the red, green and blue colors. And a barrier formed with a blocking portion covering the periphery of the pixel.

LCD, Wide Viewing Angle, Narrow Viewing Angle, Barrier

Description

Color filter substrate controllable viewing angle and liquid crystal display using the same}

1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating a liquid crystal display according to the related art.

3 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the line II ′ of FIG. 3.

5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the II-II ′ line of FIG. 3.

6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the color filter substrate of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing the wide viewing angle mode of FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing the narrow viewing angle mode of FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS (S)

110: liquid crystal panel 111: black matrix

112: color filter layer 120: barrier

130: Backlight Assembly

R, G, B: Color Pixel C: Control Pixel

The present invention relates to a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display, and more particularly, to a color filter substrate capable of controlling the viewing angle and a liquid crystal display using the same.

The liquid crystal display device forms a liquid crystal layer having anisotropic dielectric constant between the color filter substrate and the array substrate, and then adjusts the intensity of the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer to change the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal material, thereby making the color filter the display surface. A display device expresses a desired image by adjusting the amount of light transmitted through a substrate.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic diagrams of a liquid crystal display according to the related art. In particular, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a case in which a liquid crystal display having a view angle control mode is driven in a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode, respectively. .

Basic principles of the viewing angle control method shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are as follows.

First, a liquid crystal panel having a transverse electric field structure having a wide viewing angle is configured for image display, a liquid crystal panel for adjusting the viewing angle is added to the upper or lower portion of the liquid crystal panel, and then the added liquid crystal panel is driven to narrow the wide viewing angle. To adjust the viewing angle mode. The liquid crystal panel added for adjusting the viewing angle basically has a function of not inhibiting the wide viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal panel displaying an image and a function of inducing a narrow viewing angle necessary in terms of security or privacy.

1 and 2, the liquid crystal panel including the first liquid crystal layer 80 is a panel for adjusting the viewing angle, and the liquid crystal panel including the second liquid crystal layer 90 displays the image so as to have a wide viewing angle. to be. If no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 80, the liquid crystal molecules 81 are arranged in parallel between the two substrates 10 and 21 to maintain the original wide viewing angle, thereby forming a wide viewing angle mode. When voltage is applied to the 80, the liquid crystal molecules 81 are arranged vertically between the two substrates 10 and 21, and thus the viewing angle is reduced, thereby entering the narrow viewing angle mode.

1 and 2, the first, second, third, and fourth substrates 10, 21, 22, and 30 are disposed in parallel to each other, and the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 21 are arranged in parallel. Transparent electrodes 70 and 60 are formed to face each other on the inner surface of each other, and two linear electrodes 40 and 50 are formed parallel to each other on the upper surface of the third substrate 22.

The first and second liquid crystal layers 80 and 90 are formed between the first substrate 10, the second substrate 21, the third substrate 22, and the fourth substrate 30, respectively.

The liquid crystal panel including the first and second substrates 10 and 21 and the first liquid crystal layer 80 between the two substrates 10 and 21 is a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel capable of adjusting a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle. .

In the state in which no electric field is applied, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal molecules 81 of the first liquid crystal layer 80 are aligned parallel to the first and second substrates 10 and 21. In the wide viewing angle mode shown in FIG. 1, since the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the second liquid crystal layer 90 are also aligned in the same direction, the liquid crystal molecules 91 have the same viewing angle as that of the liquid crystal display having a general transverse electric field structure having one liquid crystal panel. It does not affect other characteristics of the transverse electric field structure.

On the outer surfaces of the first substrate 10 and the third substrate 30, two polarizing plates 11 and 31 are respectively attached to polarize the light passing therethrough. At this time, the transmission axis directions of the polarizing plates 11 and 31 are arranged to be perpendicular or parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 81 and 91.

FIG. 2 illustrates a case where the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1 is used in the narrow viewing angle mode.

When a voltage is applied to the two transparent electrodes 70 and 60 to form an electric field in the vertical direction between the first and second substrates 10 and 21, the liquid crystal molecules 81 of the first liquid crystal layer 80 are filled with the electric field. It is arranged perpendicular to the two substrates (10, 21) along the direction of. In this case, the liquid crystal molecules 82 adjacent to the two substrates 10 and 21 are arranged in parallel to the two substrates 10 and 21 because the orientation force due to rubbing is greater than the force exerted by the electric field.

In this narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules 81 arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 21 do not affect the phase difference retardation of light traveling in front of the two substrates 10 and 21.

However, in the lateral direction, the polarized state is changed by the phase difference delay while the linearly polarized light passes through the first liquid crystal layer 80 made of the liquid crystal molecules 81, and the farther away from the front, the greater the rate of change of the polarized state is. . Therefore, the contrast ratio decreases from the front side toward the side direction, so that the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display becomes narrow.

That is, by applying an electric field to the first liquid crystal layer 80 added for the purpose of controlling the viewing angle, the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display is lowered, thereby narrowing the viewing angle.

As described above, since the narrow viewing angle and the wide viewing angle mode may be switched through one liquid crystal display, a flexible viewing angle characteristic may be exhibited as needed.

However, when the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device is adjusted through such a structure, a separate liquid crystal panel for adjusting the viewing angle is used in addition to the liquid crystal panel displaying an image.

Therefore, the overall thickness of the liquid crystal display device is excessively increased, resulting in additional costs and manufacturing processes, making it difficult to perform processes such as rubbing, scribing, and bonding the substrate, and unnecessary power consumption. There is an increasing problem.

Accordingly, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal capable of controlling light blocking / transmission and viewing angle characteristics within a range in which a manufacturing process is easier and cost is reduced as compared to a method using a double liquid crystal panel. It is to provide a display device.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to apply a passive barrier to a liquid crystal panel composed of quad-shaped pixels, thereby enabling a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display device to efficiently implement a wide / narrow viewing angle mode. To provide.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display device capable of controlling the wide / narrow viewing angle mode without color distortion by appropriately designing a passive barrier structure.

Technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. Could be.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a color filter substrate is formed on a black matrix defining a red, green, blue color pixel, and a control pixel, and the red, green, blue color pixel, and the control pixel. A formed color filter layer, and a barrier formed with a blocking portion covering the entirety of the control pixel and the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels.

In addition, the liquid crystal display according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel having red, green, and blue color pixels and a control pixel, a barrier formed with a blocking portion covering the entirety of the control pixel and the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels; Located at the bottom of the liquid crystal panel includes a backlight assembly for supplying light to the liquid crystal panel.

The details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

Hereinafter, a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the same according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the II-I 'line of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the II-II' line of FIG.

Referring to FIGS. 3A and 4 and 5, a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment may include a liquid crystal panel 110 for displaying an image and a barrier for controlling blocking / transmission of light. 120, a backlight assembly 130 for generating light.

The liquid crystal panel 110 includes a color filter substrate and a liquid crystal layer formed between the array substrate and the two substrates bonded at regular intervals.

On the liquid crystal panel 110, a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix form in a row and a column, and each pixel is adjacent to each other in the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B and the control pixel. (C).

Although not shown, each color pixel (R, G, B) and the control pixel (C) of the liquid crystal panel 110 is provided with a thin film transistor that acts as a switching element, and whether or not on / off by pixel by the thin film transistor The magnitude of the drive voltage is controlled.

A color filter layer 112 is formed in the color pixels R, G, and B and the control pixel C of each pixel to express colors according to luminance, and is disposed between the pixels R, G, B, and C adjacent to each other. The black matrix 111 is formed to block light leakage.

The black matrix 111 defines the regions of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B and the control pixel C.

The barrier 120 is positioned above the liquid crystal panel 110 and is formed to have a blocking portion 121 and an opening 122. The blocking unit 121 of the barrier 120 is formed to cover the entire upper surface of the control pixel C to block an area corresponding to the control pixel C. In addition, the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G are formed. , B) is formed to cover the outer periphery.

Here, the opening 122 of the barrier 120 is formed to have the same area for each of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B.

The backlight assembly 130 is positioned at the rear of the liquid crystal panel 110 to supply light to the liquid crystal panel 110.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the liquid crystal panel 110 has a quad structure in which one pixel includes red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B, and a control pixel C. FIG.

The liquid crystal panel 110 exhibits a wide field of view when the control pixel C is turned off, and when the control pixel C is turned on to compensate for the luminance of the color pixels R, G, and B positioned nearby, The image is distorted at the front, making it impossible to see the front image.

Compared with the conventional quad structure in which one pixel is composed of red, green, blue, and white color pixels, the control pixel C is not used for the purpose of improving luminance, unlike the white color pixels. It is used together with the barrier 120 disposed in front of (C) to use only side light.

Therefore, since the control pixel C is not seen by the barrier 120 as shown in FIGS. 3A and 5, and the control pixel C is visible only at the side, the barrier 120 prevents the image and the resolution from the front. Can be.

When the control pixel C is turned off by applying the black signal to the control pixel C, since there is no light distorted in the lateral direction, a clear image can be seen over the entire wide viewing angle range (including the front and the side). When the control pixel C is turned on by applying the viewing angle blocking signal to the control pixel C, leakage light is generated, and the image ratio is distorted while the contrast ratio of each pixel is lowered.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, various methods may be used to distort an image viewed in the lateral direction or to make it difficult to identify the screen from the side.

For example, a white signal corresponding to the maximum luminance is applied to all the control pixels C of the liquid crystal panel 110 collectively. At this time, the viewing angle blocking signal applied to the control pixel C becomes a white signal.

Alternatively, the liquid crystal panel 110 is divided into a predetermined number of unit regions, and the luminance of the control pixel C belonging to the divided unit region and the color pixels R, G, and B positioned in the periphery thereof are compensated for each other. . That is, the luminance of the control pixel C is calculated using the luminance of the color pixels R, G, and B adjacent to the control pixel C in the unit area, and the calculated luminance is applied to the control pixel C. do.

For example, the viewing angle blocking signal, which is the luminance of the control pixel C, is referred to as Iw, the maximum luminance is Imax, and the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B disposed adjacent to the control pixel C are disposed. Let luminance be Ir, Ig, Ib.

Here, Ir, Ig, and Ib may be the luminances of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B that are arranged in a quadrature structure with the control pixel C and constitute one pixel. The average luminance of each of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B arranged in the left, right, up, down, and diagonal directions based on the pixel C may be the same.

Then, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the value of Iw is controlled to satisfy the equation (1).

Iw = Imax-(Ir + Ig + Ib)

As described above, a barrier 120 covering the front surface of the control pixel C and the outer edges of the color pixels R, G, and B is mounted in the quadrangle liquid crystal panel 110, and the control pixel C is formed. The viewing angle characteristic can be adjusted by controlling the applied signal.

In the wide viewing angle mode, a black signal is applied to the control pixel C so that the user can recognize an image signal corresponding to the luminance of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B in both front and side directions. have.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, a white signal is applied to the control pixel C, and light passing through the control pixel C is shielded by the barrier 120 at the front side, but light of the control pixel C is blocked in the viewing angle direction. It leaks out and loses visibility.

Here, the blocking unit 121 of the barrier 120 is formed to completely block the control pixel C, and to block the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B, and the barrier 120. The openings 122) are formed to have the same area in the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B, respectively.

3B is for explaining the effect of the present invention as compared with the structure in which the barrier 120 exists only on the upper portion of the control pixel C. Referring to FIG.

When the barrier 120 is limited to the upper portion of the control pixel C only, a part of the barrier 120 may be a red, green, or blue color pixel R adjacent to the control pixel C as shown in FIG. 3B. , G, B).

In this structure, some regions of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B are asymmetrically shielded by the barrier 120, and the red, green, and blue color pixels of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B are asymmetric. The actual size is different from each other and the white balance or the color balance is broken.

In addition, when an image of a specific color is expressed, a difference in light shielding degree occurs for each of the color pixels R, G, and B, and color shift such as greenish occurs. This color shift phenomenon occurs in both the front and side directions.

Accordingly, the barrier 120 is enlarged to shield not only the front surface of the control pixel C but also the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B, as shown in FIG. Shield R, G, B) to the same degree.

That is, when the barrier 120 is designed such that the areas of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B are the same when viewed from the front direction, the white balance or the color balance is maintained in the front direction.

The liquid crystal panel 110 having such a structure maintains the same area of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B in the viewing angle direction, thereby ensuring white balance or color balance.

At this time, the blocking portion 121 of the barrier 120 has a wider width than the portions located at the left and right sides of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B on both sides of the barrier 120. By minimizing the unnecessary part of 121), a certain level of opening ratio is secured.

In addition, the aperture ratio reduction caused by the barrier 120 being designed to extend to the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B may be compensated by a method of relatively increasing the luminance of the backlight assembly 130. .

As described above, the compensation for the difference in the degree of light shielding generated in the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B through the barrier 120 having an appropriate structure may cause a defect such as a white balance, a decrease in color balance, and color shift. To improve.

The barrier 120 is a passive barrier made of an opaque material such as chromium (Cr) or a resin material, and may be formed on the color filter substrate of the liquid crystal panel 110 or may be formed on an independent separate substrate. It may be attached to one surface of the liquid crystal panel 110.

When the barrier 120 is formed on the color filter substrate of the liquid crystal panel 110, a structure in which the black matrix 111, the color filter layer 112, and the barrier 120 are all formed on one surface of the substrate, or one surface of the substrate The black matrix 111 and the color filter layer 112 may be formed on the substrate, and a structure in which the barrier 120 is formed on the opposite surface of the substrate may be adopted.

When the barrier 120 is formed on a surface opposite to one surface on which the black matrix 111 and the color filter layer 112 are formed, the distance between the control pixel C and the barrier 120 becomes the thickness of the color filter substrate.

After the barrier 120 is attached to the liquid crystal panel 110, the light / narrow viewing angle mode is switched as a signal applied to each control pixel C of the liquid crystal panel 110 is controlled.

As such, when the barrier 120 covering the control pixel C and the signal processing of the control pixel C are used, the viewing angle range can be controlled, thereby changing the viewing angle characteristic, thereby allowing a separate liquid crystal panel for controlling the viewing angle. Without this, both wide viewing angle mode and narrow viewing angle mode can be implemented.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the color filter substrate of FIG. 3 and illustrates a case in which the barrier 120 is formed on the color filter substrate of the liquid crystal panel 110.

The color filter substrate of the liquid crystal panel 110 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 6.

Referring to FIG. 6, the color filter substrate includes a black matrix 111, a color filter layer 112, and a barrier 120 on the substrate 113.

The black matrix 111 and the color filter layer 112 are formed on one surface of the substrate 113, and the barrier 120 having the blocking portion 121 and the opening 122 is formed on the opposite surface of the substrate 113. The blocking part 121 of the barrier 120 is positioned between the entire control pixel C and the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B, and between the pixels R, G, B, and C. The black matrix 111 is covered, and the opening 122 is formed to have the same area for each of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B.

The color filter layers 112 of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B are composed of red, green, and blue resins, respectively, and the color filter layer 112 of the control pixel C. ) Is composed of Color Resin such as White Resin.

By controlling the type of color resin used for the control pixel C and the signal applied to the control pixel C, the image quality can be further improved in the wide viewing angle mode, or the side images can be more completely distorted in the narrow viewing angle mode. .

In addition, since the image of one frame is composed of a combination of red, green, and blue image signals, the barrier 120 is formed such that the regions of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B that are open in the front direction are the same. If designed, it can display a clean original image without white balance or color shift.

Although not shown, a plurality of gate lines and data lines are formed on the array substrate of the liquid crystal panel 110 to cross each other to define regions of each color pixel R, G, and B and the control pixel C.

A thin film transistor is formed at a portion where each gate line and the data line cross each other, and the thin film transistor applies a signal of the data line to each pixel electrode according to the signal of the gate line.

The thin film transistor has a gate electrode on the substrate and a gate insulating film, a semiconductor layer, a source and a drain electrode thereon.

The liquid crystal panel 110 aligns the liquid crystal layer formed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate by an electric field formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and adjusts the amount of light passing through the liquid crystal layer according to the degree of alignment of the liquid crystal layer. Adjust to display the image.

When the TN (twist nematic) structure is adopted for the liquid crystal panel 110, the common electrode and the pixel electrode are formed on the color filter substrate and the array substrate, respectively, to form a vertical electric field. When the IPS (In Plane Switching) structure is employed in the liquid crystal panel 110, the common electrode and the pixel electrode are formed together on the array substrate to form a horizontal electric field. In particular, when the IPS structure is adopted, there is an advantage that the viewing angle can be wider in the wide viewing angle mode.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing the wide viewing angle mode of FIG. 3, and FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the narrow viewing angle mode of FIG. 3.

As the barrier 120 is formed on the front surface of the control pixel C, and the black signal or the white signal is applied to the control pixel C, the wide viewing angle mode and the side viewing angle of FIG. The narrow viewing angle mode of FIG. 8 that is cut off is selectively switched.

As such, when the structure of the barrier 120 and the additional signal processing of the control pixel C are used, the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display may be efficiently changed.

In the wide viewing angle modes shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a black signal corresponding to the lowest luminance is applied to the control pixel C. FIG.

When the control pixel C is turned off, the light passing through the control pixel C is blocked as shown in FIG. 7B, and there is no light distorting the image in the lateral direction. Therefore, the same image can be seen from both the front side and the side corresponding to the wide viewing angle range, so that the liquid crystal display has a wide viewing angle.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, a viewing angle blocking signal (for example, a white signal corresponding to maximum luminance) is applied to the control pixel C as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. That is, the luminances of the red, green, and blue color pixels R, G, and B positioned nearby are compensated according to the luminance of the control pixel C.

In this case, since the control pixel C is covered by the barrier 120 at the front, the original image and the resolution are maintained, and the image distorted by the viewing angle blocking signal of the control pixel C is displayed at the side.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, You will understand.

Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are provided so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the scope of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, The invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

As described above, the color filter substrate and the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can control the light blocking / transmission and viewing angle characteristics within a range in which the manufacturing process is easier and the cost is reduced as compared to the method using the dual liquid crystal panel. Can be.

In addition, the color filter substrate and the liquid crystal display according to the present invention may efficiently implement the wide / narrow viewing angle mode by applying a passive barrier to a liquid crystal panel including quad pixels.

In addition, the color filter substrate and the liquid crystal display according to the present invention can control the light / narrow viewing angle mode without color distortion through a barrier of an appropriate structure.

Claims (15)

A black matrix formed on the substrate to define red, green, blue color pixels and control pixels; A color filter layer formed on the red, green, and blue color pixels and the control pixel; And A barrier covering the entirety of the control pixel and having a blocking portion covering the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels Color filter substrate comprising a. The method of claim 1, And the black matrix and the color filter layer are formed on one surface of the substrate, and the barrier is formed on the opposite surface of the substrate. The method of claim 1, The barrier includes: And an opening having the same area for each of the red, green, and blue color pixels. The method of claim 1, And the red, green, and blue color pixels and the control pixel are adjacent to each other to form pixels having a quad structure. The method of claim 1, The blocking portion of the barrier, A portion of the red, green, and blue color pixels positioned on the left and right sides of the color filter substrate has a wider width than the portion located on the upper and lower sides. The method of claim 1, The control pixel, A color filter substrate, wherein white resin is used. A liquid crystal panel having red, green, blue color pixels and control pixels; A barrier that covers the entirety of the control pixel and has a blocking portion covering the outside of the red, green, and blue color pixels; And A backlight assembly positioned under the liquid crystal panel to supply light to the liquid crystal panel And the liquid crystal display device. The method of claim 7, wherein The barrier includes: And openings having the same area for each of the red, green, and blue color pixels. The method of claim 7, wherein In the liquid crystal panel, a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix, and each of the plurality of pixels has a quad structure in which the red, green, and blue color pixels and the control pixel are adjacent to each other. Device. The method of claim 7, wherein The blocking portion of the barrier, The portions of the left, right, and right sides of the red, green, and blue color pixels have a wider width than the portions located on the upper and lower sides. The method of claim 7, wherein The control pixel, A liquid crystal display device, wherein white resin is used. The method of claim 7, wherein The liquid crystal panel, A narrow viewing angle mode in which an image is displayed within a narrow viewing angle range, and a wide viewing angle mode in which an image is displayed within a wide viewing angle range are switched. The method of claim 12, The liquid crystal panel, And a black signal is applied to the control pixel in the wide viewing angle mode, and a white signal is applied to the control pixel in the narrow viewing angle mode. The method of claim 12, The liquid crystal panel, And in the narrow viewing angle mode, luminance of the control pixel is calculated by using luminance of color pixels adjacent to the control pixel. The method of claim 12, The liquid crystal panel, When the luminance of the control pixel is Iw and the maximum luminance is Imax, and the luminance of the red, green, and blue color pixels disposed adjacent to the control pixel is Ir, Ig, Ib, And controlling the value of Iw in the narrow viewing angle mode to satisfy equation Iw = Imax-(Ir + Ig + Ib).

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