KR101339678B1 - Calculation method of rock and non-rock area for surveying - Google Patents

Abstract

The whole process flow chart of the present invention is shown in figure 1. A method for calculating a submarine rock-occupied area required for the research of shaded foreshore with trees is proposed, the method comprising the steps of: checking a place in which the research is to be conducted (s100); computerizing a digital chart while checking the digital chart to determine and make a zone chart (s200); examining submarine topology (s300), wherein the submarine topology examining step includes a multi-beam water level measuring step (s310), a seafloor image exploration step (s320), and a shallow subsurface investigation step (s330) and, additionally, includes a submarine quality investigation step (s340); performing three-dimensional modeling for the submarine topology (s400); and calculating the area of a submarine rock area based on the modeling data (s500). [Reference numerals] (AA) Check a place in which research is to be conducted;(BB) Collect village fishery drawings;(CC) Confirm a location and a research area;(DD) Identify a site through a satellite map;(EE) Create a zone chart;(FF) Confirm a digital chart;(GG) Computerize drawings;(HH) Extract submarine topology data;(II) Measure a multi-beam water level;(JJ) Explore a seafloor image;(KK) Investigate a shallow subsurface;(LL) Investigate submarine quality;(MM) Three-dimensional modeling;(NN) Statistical analysis;(OO) Calculate general rock/non-rock areas;(PP) Analyze a modeling image

Description

Calculation method of rock and non-rock area for surveying tidal flat recording {Omitted}

The present invention belongs to the technical field of a method for estimating rock / non-rock mass for the investigation of the tidal flats of the coastal waters.

Due to various estimations such as the rise of water temperature due to the abnormal temperature of global warming and the inflow of land pollutants to the coast, the algae disappeared in the coastal rock area and white calcite algae stuck to the rock area. Appearing.

It was discovered in the offshore coast of Korea in the late 1970s and is now spreading throughout coastal rock. In this situation, as a preliminary investigation to find the cause of the tidal swelling, the surface area ratio of rock / non-rock is estimated, and a method for databaseing the area where the tidal swelling is likely to occur is proposed.

As it is known that grading of the tidal recording phenomenon is known to be deeply related to the rock area, it is possible to investigate the tidal recording phenomenon by calculating the rock area of the ocean. Accordingly, the present invention is to propose a technique for calculating the surface area of the rock and non-rock bed using the ocean survey data of the coastal nation.

none

In the present invention, after performing a depth survey, seabed image exploration and celestial layer exploration for the surveyed marine area, the area of the seabed and non-rock area is estimated through 3D modeling and modeling image analysis of the seabed. I would like to present a method.

In the rock and non-rock area calculation method for surveying the sound recording

Identifying a destination of where the investigation is to be performed ( s100 ) ; Determining an area to be surveyed using the numerical chart ( s200 ); submarine topographical data extraction step for the seabed corresponding to the zonal diagram of step S200 ( s300 ); performing three-dimensional modeling of the seabed terrain using the data in step s300 ( s400 ); Calculating the area of the seabed rock area based on the three-dimensional modeled data ( s500 ),

In step s300 comprises a sounding process (s310) and the sea floor image sensing process (s320), and superficial layers exploration (s330) by using the multi-beam echo sounder with respect to the irradiated sea floor,

In step s310 ,

After the sensor offset process, the sensor calibration, and the sound velocity change are performed on the depth data acquired by the multibeam echo sounder, the final data (sea bottom coordinates X, Y, Z) are extracted. ,

remind in s320 stage,

Using the sea floor image sensing equipment (side scan sonar), the sea floor image is acquired, and the preliminary work steps ( s321 , pre-procissing work)

On-site survey step ( s322 ) to conduct the exploration,

It consists of a post-processing step ( s323 , post processing work), including the image image analysis step and mosaic image composition step of merging the image images,

remind In the video image analysis step of step s323 ,

Using the side scan sonar data acquisition and processing program, it extracts information of dangerous goods by performing towing-back correction, filtering (Gain, TVG) and slope range correction. ,

remind in step s330 ,

The tier detection system is a source that generates sound waves, a receiver that receives sound waves reflected from the sea floor, and an A / D converter and signal processing device that converts the received sound waves into digital signals for processing. In the signal processing apparatus, post-processing is performed by gain control and time varing gain (TVG).

In step s400 ,

Using the three-dimensional modeling program for the seabed topography, the area of rock and non-rock is calculated after alignment of seafloor coordinate data, removal of abnormal data, and spatial analysis.

In order to remove the factors out of the error range from the mean, the data are processed to remove the error from the standard deviation ( s410 , out liar process).

The process of regularly rearranging irregular data array states by expressing a particular group of irregularities as a statistic ( s420 , Reduce noise) and

The process of creating a model with the original shape as much as possible by reducing the overlapping data is carried out to remove redundant data and data of a high density distribution area to remove excess data ( s430 , uniform process).

Process of acquiring basic three-dimensional modeling shape by three-dimensional surface treatment of data after s430 process ( s440 , wrap process)

After step s440 , a method for calculating rock mass and non-rock area is proposed for interpolation in the area where data is missing ( s450 , Fill Hole interpolation).

Through the present invention, after performing depth surveying, seabed image exploration, and shallow ground exploration, the area of the seabed and non-rock area is estimated through 3D modeling and modeling image analysis of the seabed. It is possible to.

1 is a flow chart of rock mass, non-rock mass according to an embodiment of the present invention
2 is a drawing showing the sea area to be investigated
3 is an offshore area map of Goseong-gun
4 is an offshore zone diagram for the Goseong-gun, which was confirmed with reference to the numerical chart.
5 is a seabed topographical map by depth measurement for Goseong-gun waters
6 is a bottom image by sea bottom image exploration for Goseong-gun waters
FIG. 7 is an exploration diagram of a shallow strata of Goseong-gun offshore
8 is a modeling result data extracted for Goseong-gun offshore sea floor
9 shows the extraction of rock mass through removal of non-rock mass at high 8
10 is a view for explaining a multi-beam echo sounder transmission and reception form
11 is a configuration diagram of a Simrad EM3002 system as a multibeam echo sounder
12 is an illustration of a seabed topographical view after calibrating the seabed topographical data obtained by the multibeam echo sounder.
13 is an example of a multi-beam echo data acquisition screen
14 is an example of a multi-beam echo sounder posture correction process
15 is an example of tidal correction process
16 is an example of navigation data editing process
17 is an example of a space-based data editing process
18 is a screen example of finally implementing the multi-beam measurement data in the numerical diagram
19 is a flowchart illustrating a sea floor image exploration work
20 is a side scan or exploration scene diagram
21 is an example of a process of processing data acquired by a side scan sonar
Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram from the acquisition of raw data by side scan sonar to the construction of a moaic image;
23 is a table of the satellite position finder for the exploration of celestial strata;
24 is a table of the high frequency stratum detector (Z-TAM II) for celestial exploration
25 is an example of the census data acquisition and processing screen
FIG. 26 shows the spatial coordinates of the seabed topography, which is the basic data for estimating bedrock masses.
27 is a scene example of performing precise data interpolation through data alignment, abnormal data removal, and spatial analysis in a 3D modeling program using spatial coordinates
28 is an example of data interpolation scene using the fill interpolation (FILL HOLE)
29 shows an example of extracting rock and non-rock areas.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the following examples, but should be grasped in the scope of claims and equivalents of the invention.

Figure 1 shows the overall process flow chart of the present invention. First, check the target site where the investigation is to be performed (s100), and confirm the numerical chart while computerizing the numerical chart to determine and prepare the zonal chart (s200).

Then, the seabed topography data extraction step (s300) is performed, which includes a multi-beam depth measurement process (s310), a bottom image detection process (s320), and a top floor exploration process (s330). ) May be further included.

Subsequently, three-dimensional modeling of the seabed topography is performed (s400), and the area of the seabed rock area is calculated based on the modeled data (s500). do.

As shown in FIG. 2, the task area is selected for the national coasts, the drawings of the village fishing grounds are collected, and the correct survey area is determined using the coordinate position and the satellite map for each coast. FIG. 3 is an area diagram secured previously, and at the same time, the numerical correction is determined as shown in FIG. 4 is a numerical view of the Goseong-gun coastal area, and shows an example of finally calculating the rock and non-rock area in the Goseong-gun coastal area by going through the process of FIGS. 5 to 9.

In Figure 2, the coastal area is divided into 15 locations, and finally, the area occupied by the sea bedrock is calculated by using survey data such as village fishing grounds, cadastral maps, and regional maps.

That is, FIG. 5 is a result of step s310 as a seabed topography by depth measurement of Goseong-gun water, and FIG. 6 corresponds to a result of step s320 as a bottom image by seabed image exploration for Goseong-gun waters.

7 is an exploration diagram of the shallow strata of Goseong-gun offshore, which corresponds to the result of step s330. FIG. 8 is a modeling result data extracted for Goseong-gun offshore sea floor and the result of step s400. FIG. 9 is a final figure data for calculating the area of the seabed rock area by removing the non-rock area at high 8.

The process of identifying the task target and deriving the exact numerical chart, which are the steps s100 and s200, is a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, the seabed topography and the three-dimensional modeling step, and the process of calculating the rock, non-rock area will be described in detail.

Hydro Survey Step

Multi-beam depth surveying uses the sound wave detection method by the soundforming or the interference to survey the seabed topography of the tropic area with a multi-beam echo sounder, and it is possible to observe high resolution by adjusting the scanning angle of the sound waves. In addition, if you apply frequency or signal processing technique properly, you can get the exact depth, location and shape of the seabed for each purpose.

Multi-beam system provides a high resolution foot print as the beam angle is narrower, and if the frequency or signal processing technique is appropriately applied, it can be used for each purpose (sea hazard survey, waterway survey, dredging survey, artificial reef survey, Accuracy can be tailored to homeopathic observations, facility surveys, etc.).

The multi-beam echo sounder includes a transducer and transceiver arrays, an operator unit, and a signal processor.

The sound wave transmitter is arranged in the same direction as the probe and generates sound waves in the vertical direction of the probe, and the receiving array is arranged vertically of the probe to receive a signal having a transverse width in the vertical direction of the traveling direction.

10 shows a transmission and reception form of sound waves. The sound waves generated in the multi-beams are radiated at a certain swath angle in the vertical direction of the probe, and the array of receivers is received at a predetermined angle to sound the depth of each point on the sea bottom. The soundable width is determined by the transverse width and the depth, which can be obtained from the following equation.

: 측심 폭,

: 수심,

: 음파 주사각)
(

= Sounding width,

: Depth,

: Sound wave scanning angle)

The device controller controls the sound waves of the sound wave receiver to control the transmission interval, the length of the sound waves, the intensity of the sound waves, and the like to receive the optimal signal. The signal received in each receiving array after radiating from the transceiver extracts the depth from the signal processor. The state of the signal is analyzed and output in the form of depth data to be finally acquired.

The configuration of the multi-beam echo sounder system is as follows.

In order to acquire accurate depth data, the multi-beam acoustic echo sounder requires various sensors and data corrections, and it is necessary for the hydrosonic data for sound speed correction and the tidal observation data for tidal correction.

11 shows a system configuration diagram of a multibeam acoustic echo sounder used for depth measurement, and has a scanning width that can cover four times the depth in one measurement.

In the case of the EM3002, a total of 254 beams can be received by 1.5 by radiating a multi-beam in a fan shape of 130 in total, left and right 65 at right below the sounder. The system can collect precise undersea terrain data with accuracy that meets the IHO special criteria. The EM3002 is attached to the side or bottom of the probe and requires additional sensors such as motion sensors, gyro compasses, GPS, SVP, etc. to conduct accurate terrain surveys.

Referring to the motion sensor, a motion reference unit (MRU), which is a motion sensor device, is used to accurately measure the motion of a three-dimensional probe. The MRU measures Rolling, Pitching, Heaving, and Gyro values for the probe's movement and compensates for the sounding errors caused. In the field survey, for the EM3002, motion sensors were used for Kongsberg Seatax MRU-5 and Gyro Compass Seatax Seapath200.

Station location of the sounding line is measured by DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System). The DGPS system of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Satellite Navigation Central Office is composed of one Daejeon Satellite Navigation Central Office, 11 reference stations and 5 monitoring stations, which receive GPS satellite signals and calculate the position correction amount. This is provided to the user in the form of RTCM SC104 in real time. The WGS-84 and UTM coordinates are then used to determine the sounding position.

In the description of SVP (Sound Velocity Profile) (SVP), the depth of water is calculated in terms of the return time after the sound wave reaches the bottom of the sea, and is influenced by the water temperature and salinity. In general, it has an average value of 1,500m / s and the sound velocity must be corrected to calculate the correct depth.

Hereinafter, data acquisition and data processing methods in multibeam depth measurement will be described.

Multibeam depth surveying is a measure of the depth of the sea area, and it is necessary to increase the accuracy of work instructions and waterway surveying regulations. The surveying speed of the survey line was measured while maintaining constant velocity between 56 knots, and a survey plan was prepared by grasping items such as islands, outcrops, buoys, fisheries, and offshore structures.

Sensor offset refers to the relative distance of each sensor (D.G.P.S, motion sensor, gyro compass, transceiver) based on the central reference point (CRP). When the distance is in the forward direction of the survey line, this distance means the X-axis, the front-rear direction is Y-axis, and the vertical direction is Z-axis. Each axis is given a negative sign with respect to the distance reference. The X axis is on the right, the Y axis is on the front, and the Z axis is on the top. The central reference point was determined as the ship's center of gravity (the center of the ship's movement) and this reference point is the reference point for position and depth information.

Table 1 shows the offset values of each sensor. Basically, they are input into the Seapath 200's configuration program and used to correct the multibeam depth measurement data.

Sensor type
Axial direction

DGPS

Motion Sensor

Multi Beam
Transducer

선박좌표체계

Ship coordinate system
(Left-) X (right +) -0.100 +0.000 +0.689 (Back-) Y (front +) +1.390 +0.000 -0.550 (-) Z (+) +2.419 +0.000 -0.972

The sensor correction (calibration) will be described below. In using the multibeam acoustic echo sounder, it is important to set the position according to the alignment state of each sensor and transceiver to minimize the error. The multibeam echo sounder has a large beam angle and oscillates downward, so that the transmitter and the receiver move according to the ship's movement. Calibration is a test performed on a vessel in which a multibeam echo sounder is first installed.The depth data of two beam echo sounders is calculated by comparing the depth data of two echo sounders obtained from the sea floor under specific conditions. The process of obtaining the offset angle of the multi-beam echo sounder. In general, the calibration process of the sensor is performed by selecting a depth of 25m to 30m depth of the flat terrain, protruding rock area and slope area. In roll calibration, you select a point where the terrain is flat to speed the same line in different directions and at the same speed. In time delay calibration, the terrain is steep or you select an artifact to set the line at the center of it. In the same direction, first run at normal speed, then at twice the speed of the first run.

Pitch calibration selects where the terrain has a gentle slope, sets the line in equilibrium with steep slopes, and measures at the same speed in different directions. In order to correct roll, pitch, and time latency, 300-500m lines are superimposed in a specific area. The patch test is performed several times after applying the previous patch test value, and compared with the previous patch test value until the error is minimized. When selecting a patch test site, avoid frequent routes and avoid freshwater inflow that can change the density of seawater, and choose a place that is not deeper than the water. The three-component orientation angle and time latency values for the ship's movements were greatly influenced by the position of each sensor attached to the survey line, so the offset of each sensor was measured and reflected in the patch test.

Sound velocity observation is performed at 23-hour intervals before and during the survey, and is an essential work process for the correction of sound velocity changes that occur in multibeam depth surveying. Since the speed of sound wave changes by factors such as sea temperature, salinity, water pressure, and water temperature, the sound velocity is corrected for the depth results obtained after measuring the sound velocity in the observed sea area. The sonic acquisition location was carried out at the deepest part of the ship and in the sounding sea area where the ship could be safely anchored by prior field survey and captain's advice.

Multi-beam acoustic echo data stores the acquisition date, time (in hundredths of a second), and location (GPS and longitude coordinates received by GPS as WGS84 and UTM according to business purpose. -Stored as a sum of reflection times), number of pings (each ping is divided into three levels of quality based on sound pressure, amplitude and period), motion and gyro (stored in conjunction with depth data with time synchronization) and vessel speed Many data are stored at the same time (Fig. 13). The survey data is edited on the wrong side data generated due to the sea situation and surrounding conditions at the time of observation, and the final working depth is obtained by performing the step-by-step correction process for tides and each data. The multi-beam echo sounding data includes a large amount of position and depth data, and requires software to acquire the same. In case of EM3002, it is a program that acquires depth, position data, and motion of irradiated vessel at the same time with Marine. The acoustic echo data of the acquired time was corrected through the sound velocity profile of the water column. In principle, the supersonic cross section data was obtained once before noon, at noon, and afternoon. The hydrosonic cross-sectional data is of type SVP or Log. Acquisition of acoustic sound data was carried out at the same time as acoustic sound data was acquired, and surface sound velocity was also corrected in real time by acquiring sound echo data in the field using SVP.

FIG. 13 is an example screen for acquiring a multi-beam echo sound data, FIG. 14 is an example screen for correcting a multibeam echo sounder attitude data, and FIG. 15 is an example screen for tidal correction. Tide data is used as an important cause of errors in precision depth surveys and data from tidal survey stations installed by the National Maritime Research Institute. The data generated for tidal correction was converted to * .tid format and applied to the input format of CARIS as shown in FIG. 17. Navigation data was deleted or corrected as shown in Figure 16 due to the turning section and GPS error.

Correction for erroneous depth is used with tools to automatically and manually remove depth data based on depth of range, beam angle, beam quality (Poor, Low, Bad Quality). These tools enable data processors to apply a variety of methods to eliminate misunderstanding data, such as defects in multibeam sources or equipment, or changes in the state of the sea during data acquisition. In the survey, normal depth filtering is used. In this survey, the depth range is set within 90 m (determined after reviewing the chart and the overall survey results). After the first line-based swath error elimination, space-based subset error elimination is performed to maintain the maximum quality.

As shown in FIG. 18, the final data that has undergone the space-based data editing as shown in FIG. 17 is extracted from X, Y, and Z (extracted water depths at intervals suitable for the scale of the original map). Express

The seabed topography constructed by the depth measurement data for the coastal region in Goseong-gun is as shown in FIG.

Seabed video exploration

Since the depth measurement data obtained in the previous process contains various errors, this exploration process obtains the actual image of the bottom surface and extracts the data that can be used as the data for determining whether it is rock or non-rock. It is a process to do it.

Sea floor imaging was done using Side Scan Sonar. FIG. 19 illustrates an underwater image search procedure as a device for searching the size and shape of the topography and targets of the seabed using two-way sound waves underwater.

The survey process is largely divided into pre-processing work such as planning of the survey area and equipment inspection, surveying, and post-processing work to analyze the survey results.

The side scan sonar used for underwater image exploration is a device that acquires image data on the underwater bottom or underwater by towing a towfish by using a ship. Its structure is largely DGPS antenna, Towfish, TPU (Transceiver Processing Unit). ), Etc. In addition, one transducer is mounted on both sides of the probe to transmit sound signals reflected and reflected toward the bottom of the sea to the TPU (signal processing unit) through tow-cable, and then through amplification, filters, and video signals sent to the laptop in real time. This equipment can check the condition of the seabed and underwater. Sound wave transmission and reception of the side scan sonar is a vertical section with respect to the traveling direction of the probe, and the beam width is 0.2 thin and spreads from side to side. Will be received. The sound pressure information obtained by the position of the Tow Fish and the side scan or the sound pressure represents the sound pressure value of the area, not the dot. This area is called Foot print Area. The number of foot prints is determined according to the sampling interval when converting an analog signal to digital.

The preliminary work is the preparation of survey area plan and the operation of investigative equipment.

The plan of the survey area is prepared for the purpose of visualization only, and is connected with D.G.P.S equipment to go through the following process to identify the actual route trajectory and the exact location of the image distribution. The plan is also drawn up with reference to the prior chart so that there is no sounding area, and the scan width and gain are determined based on the depth and the existing subsea data.

The probe should be towed from the side or stern where there is no obstruction of the ship's propeller or hull, and the fixing of the towing signal cable should be careful not to break the signal line, and make sure that the descending probe is in line with the towing direction and is level. One of the biggest difficulties in operating a side scan sonar is the determination and maintenance of the operating altitude of the probe, and it is difficult to maintain the probe at the desired altitude due to the flow of algae or fluid during operation. The altitude of the probe is the height at the bottom of the sea, and the altitude of the probe to obtain the most optimal ultrasound image is about 1020 or at least half the depth of the probe's range. Suitable for expressing images. During the site survey, the length of the side scan station or towing cable is adjusted according to the depth of the surrounding area of the survey area.

In the data processing stage, by using Abyss3.0, a data acquisition and processing program of side scan sonar, the data of towing length correction (Lay-Back Correction), filtering (Gain, TVG) and slope range correction (Slant Range Correction) After the implementation, the exact location of the dangerous goods is selected and the detailed information of the dangerous goods is extracted.

Images of the subsea body obtained from side scan or data processing S / W are applied. The results are obtained by applying the results calculated by multibeam depth surveying. In FIG. 21, the screen corresponds to a screen for processing data acquired from a side scan sonar. Since the data scanned by the side scan sonar are stored at regular intervals, the relevant software (SeaView Trans and SeaViewer) is used to mosaic the path along the ship's preliminary route and create an image diagram considering the path.

At the bottom obstacle detection point, a submerged survey is carried out as necessary to investigate the shape and the condition of the facility. The raw data obtained by the side scan sonar should be based on the exact location of the tugboat and the exploration body to generate accurate submarine images. Therefore, the preprocessing process compensates for instability such as correction of inaccurate position coordinates and shaking of the probe underwater. In addition, the mismatch between the sound wave firing period of the sonar and the receiving period of the GPS data causes the multiple sound waves to have the same position and direction. Therefore, interpolation is performed in the position and direction at the firing time of each sound wave. In the radiation correction process, the resolution of each sound pressure data comes from the acoustic characteristics. In water, sound waves do not propagate in a straight line but proceed in the form of a fan. Therefore, the size of the reflected area varies depending on the distance from the probe. Geometric correction converts sound pressure values recorded in time order to sound pressure values over distance from the probe. The distortion of the image due to the line speed of the tugboat is also corrected. Sound waves in water are generated with very small sound pressure values by scattering or absorption. Therefore, the generated image has a dark image as a whole. After correcting the data, the sound pressure value is mapped to the position of each sound pressure value, and through the data conversion process for mosaics, a database (DB) with tracks as a reference index is constructed so that the mosaic for each region can be realized as a GeoTiff file. Configure

For example, for the offshore region of Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, among the various exploration regions of FIG. 2, the bottom image result produced by the present process is illustrated in FIG. 6.

Heavenly Exploration Process

The shallow geological exploration (high resolution seismic wave exploration) is conducted to understand the seabed topography and the seabed strata characteristics and provides information on the acoustic image distribution and the sedimentary structure according to the sediment properties of the seabed. The most widely used method of studying the shape and process of quaternary sediments is acoustic character analysis (Damuth, 1980). In particular, high-resolution seismic survey is a very useful method for studying the sedimentation process in sediments with various sedimentary environments (Damuth, 1975, 1978; Pratson and Laine, 1989). In addition, high-resolution celestial exploration is an exploration method that is mainly used to identify the strata and internal structure of sediments deposited in the past along with the characteristics of the current seabed.

Geotechnical exploration data continuously represent strata characteristics from the sea floor to tens of meters, and various reflective and acoustical characteristics observed in the recording paper reflect the properties of the sediments and rock formations that form the sea floor and seabed.

It also provides information on the presence of gas, global tectonics, and the absence of petroleum, and enables analysis of sedimentation in the seabed. In particular, high-resolution seismic surveying offshore provides essential information for offshore development such as port development.

The following description will be given of the system of exploration of celestial strata.

The top floor exploration system consists of a source that generates sound waves, a receiver that receives the sound waves reflected from the sea floor, and an A / D converter and signal processing device that converts the sound waves into digital signals for processing. do. Digital signals are filtered through amplitude and pulses and processed on a computer.

The sound waves emitted from the transceiver which is towed to the rear of the ship or attached to the side of the ship have different depths through which the sound waves can pass depending on the type of sound source. In general, the more the sound source is cursed, the deeper the depth of transmission through which the sound waves penetrate the strata, but the lower the resolution that can distinguish the layers in detail. As the sediment is assembled (gravel or sand), the sonic properties of the strata are abruptly attenuated by the scattering and reflection of the sonic waves.In general, as the sound waves penetrate the strata, the integrity of the sediments increases. The speed of sound is getting faster.

It shows the depth of penetration according to the sediment of the tier explorer for tier exploration. In rock or sediment, sound wave propagation speed is faster than unsolidified sediment in high and sediment, and saturated sediment is reported to be faster than unsaturated sediment. In general, the depth of penetration is calculated assuming that the velocity of sound is 1,600m / sec. The sound velocity of the P wave applied to the reflection method of the stratum exploration is determined by the following equation.

: P파의 속도, k : 매체의 압축성,

: 변형 모듈러스, : 매체의 밀도)(

: Speed of P wave, k: compressibility of medium,

: Strain modulus,: density of medium)

Undersea stratum exploration data are obtained as real-time digital data, and the stored data are sorted by each sideline and stored for the construction of coastal seabed information data. Each data includes line number, time, point number, and location information for each side, which can be helpful for more precise topographical analysis. Satellites (DGPS), a device that determines the precise location using satellites and their exact reference points, are used for the survey, and Inlinkta's Invicta 210S DGPS was used in the survey (Fig. 23).

The system operated for seismic detection (Fig. 24) is Sonartech's tier exploration equipment. This equipment simultaneously oscillates 2 ~ 7kHz band to the sea floor and receives 2 ~ 7kHz band of sound waves reflected from the sea floor and the seabed at the same time, resulting in much higher permeability and resolution than the existing 3.5kHz Exploration Equipment. System

The probe's sea position measurement was automatically converted to UTM using Hypack Max S / W's position conversion program after receiving WGS84 coordinates using a satellite position finder. In order to improve the accuracy of the location, data received from the Palmido reference station operated by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (RTCM, 104 format, 3, 5, 7, 9, 16) was received by the receiver. The measured position data was used as data for writing the harbor.

The configuration of each exploration equipment is as follows. The pulse length of the sound source was adjusted to 150ms, the pulse width to 8.192ms, and the TVG was performed to 100ms. The detection depth is different depending on the characteristics of the sound source. The probe depth is 600m and the seismic velocity in the strata is assumed to be 1,600m / s.

Seismic data were processed using Sonartech's SeaMole program. Acquired digital seismic data was post-processed using Gain Control, Time Varing Gain (TVG), etc. using SeisSee program to improve the quality of the data to facilitate analysis (Figure 25). The file was converted to a standard SEG-Y file.

For example, for the offshore region of Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, among the various exploration regions of FIG. 2, the result of the shallow ground exploration data constructed by this process is as shown in FIG. 7.

Bedrock, Non-rock bed  Area calculation process (s400)

The purpose of area estimation is to calculate the area of rock to non-rock by creating a three-dimensional model based on the seabed topography obtained through ocean survey, and uses data such as multi-beam acoustic echo sounding, side scan sonar, and subsea quality survey. Complex reviews produce reliable data.

The basic data used for the area estimation is the .xyz file which is the final data processing as multibeam echo data. The processed xyz file is created as a 3D seabed topography through a 3D modeling program, and the area is classified by rock mass versus non-rock mass.

Before producing the final three-dimensional modeling, the second statistical data is reprocessed to reduce the error of area calculation, and the reliability is increased through comparative analysis using data such as side scan or subsea quality survey. Three-dimensional modeling software uses geomagic's geomagic studio 7.0, which enables three-dimensional scanning data processing, point and polygon editing, CAD-based surface design, and three-dimensional shape modeling. In addition, database construction can be performed using spatial coordinates, and a user can secure convenient data access by making a U3D model that can identify a 3D model in pdf file format. Basic models can be integrated with CAD programs.

The basic usage data of the 3D modeling program is the xyz file, which uses the depth location data obtained through multibeam depth surveying. xyz data (FIG. 26) is a three-dimensional modeling program (geomagic program), such as Out liars, Reduce noise, etc. through the second statistical analysis shown in Figure 1 data alignment, abnormal data removal, precision data interpolation through spatial analysis, etc. After the analysis, the area of the rock and non-rock is calculated.

In the process of out liars (Fig. 27 (a)), in order to remove the deviation from the standard deviation by removing a factor outside the error range from the mean value in the statistically unspecified group, it is reduced noise (Fig. 27). (b)) In the process, the irregular data array is rearranged regularly by expressing an irregular group as a single statistic. Then, in the process of Unifom (Fig. 27 (c)), the redundant data is removed to remove the redundant data and the data of the high density distribution area in order to make the model as original shape as possible.

In the process of wrapping (Fig. 27 (d)), the basic three-dimensional modeling shape can be seen as a process of three-dimensional surface treatment of the reprocessed three-dimensional position coordinate xyz data.

After producing the 3D modeling data by performing the Wrap process, Fill Holl interpolation is performed for the unknown area because the data is missing or irradiated as shown in FIG. The trend is analyzed in the TIN image, and the model similar to the surrounding terrain is interpolated.

Using the three-dimensional modeling data subjected to statistical processing, the area of the rock is extracted, and the image digitizing process is performed by referring to the multibeam seabed topography and sonar mosaic image, and the rock area extraction image of FIG. 29 is shown. . In FIG. 29, the empty space is a non-rock area, and the non-rock area is removed while the rock and non-rock areas are coalesced, and the rock area of the area of FIG. 29 is calculated as 61% of the sea floor. You can see that.

For example, for the offshore area of Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, among the various exploration areas of FIG. 2, the rock area area calculation result constructed by the present process is performed by calculating the area shown in FIG. 8.

Claims (1)

In the rock and non-rock area calculation method for surveying the sound recording
Confirming an object of the place where the investigation is to be performed (s100) ; Determining an area to be surveyed using the numerical chart ( s200 ); submarine topographical data extraction step for the seabed corresponding to the zonal diagram of step S200 ( s300 ); performing three-dimensional modeling of the seabed terrain using the data in step s300 (s400 ); Calculating the area of the seabed rock area based on the three-dimensional modeled data ( s500 ),

In step s300 comprises a sounding process (s310) and the sea floor image sensing process (s320), and superficial layers exploration (s330) by using the multi-beam echo sounder with respect to the irradiated sea floor,
In step s310 ,
After the sensor offset process, the sensor calibration, and the sound velocity change are performed on the depth data acquired by the multibeam echo sounder, the final data (sea bottom coordinates X, Y, Z) are extracted. ,
In step s320 ,
Using the sea floor image sensing equipment (side scan sonar), the sea floor image is acquired, and the preliminary work steps ( s321 , pre-procissing work)
On-site survey step ( s322 ) to conduct the exploration,
It consists of a post-processing step ( s323 , post processing work), including the image image analysis step and mosaic image composition step of merging the image images,
In the image image analysis step of step s323 ,
Using the side scan sonar data acquisition and processing program, it extracts information of dangerous goods by performing towing-back correction, filtering (Gain, TVG) and slope range correction. ,
In step s330 ,
The tier detection system is a source that generates sound waves, a receiver that receives sound waves reflected from the sea floor, and an A / D converter and signal processing device that converts the received sound waves into digital signals for processing. In the signal processing apparatus, post-processing is performed by gain control and time varing gain (TVG).
In step s400 ,
Using the three-dimensional modeling program for the seabed topography, the area of rock and non-rock is calculated after alignment of seafloor coordinate data, removal of abnormal data, and spatial analysis.
In order to remove the factors outside the error range from the mean value, the error from the standard deviation is removed ( s410 , out liar process).
The process of regularly rearranging irregular data array states by expressing a particular group of irregularities as a statistic ( s420 , Reduce noise) and
Eliminate duplicated data by reducing the duplicated data to make the model as original as possible ( s430, uniform process)
Process of acquiring basic three-dimensional modeling shape by three-dimensional surface treatment of data after s430 process ( s440 , wrap process)
After the step s440 characterized in that the interpolation process for the area missing data ( s450, Fill Hole interpolation) is performed
Calculation method of rock and non-rock area for surveying tidal recording.

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