KR101329460B1 - Gis information based sensor deployment simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

A GIS information based sensor placement simulator is disclosed. Sensor deployment simulator based on GIS information receives the information on the sensor performance and the event detection rate required by the user and provides the sensor deployment result based on the information, and the geographic information of the area to configure the sensor network. Based on the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the information to maintain the initial deployment unit for placing the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor and the event detection rate required by the user And it may include a repositioning unit for relocating the disposed sensor based on the SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area.

Description

GIS INFORMATION BASED SENSOR DEPLOYMENT SIMULATOR}

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a GIS information-based sensor placement simulator that receives information necessary for sensor placement based on Geographic Information System (GIS) information and displays a result of the placement of the sensor.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network formed by a sensor with computing and wireless communication capability. Each sensor forming the wireless sensor network transmits and receives sensing information obtained from each other and remotely monitors it. / Can be used for control purposes.

Recent advances in technology have resulted in the expansion of miniaturized and inexpensive sensors, leading to the emergence of new applications using wireless sensors, and in this environment, the WSN deployment range is gradually expanding to larger areas.

There are many issues to consider such as sensor placement, security and management technology, and sensor energy consumption in order to effectively provide the WSN which is expanding to such a large area. Satisfaction is important in reducing network construction costs (number of sensors).

In general, sensor deployment to minimize the cost of network construction while maintaining event delivery and detection performance of the sensor network is difficult to obtain directly at once. Therefore, the method of increasing the network performance and minimizing the network construction cost by repeatedly performing the sensor deployment has been mainly studied.

For example, Frank Y.S. Lin and P.L. Chiu, "A Nearoptimal Sensor Placement Algorithm to Achieve Complete Coverage / Discrimination in Sensor Networks", IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 1, January 2005, pp 43-45. In the following, a technique is proposed for uniformly distributing the sensors uniformly at equal intervals, defining a system cost function related to the number of sensors, event propagation and sensing functions, and repositioning them to be reduced. Although uniform initial placement of sensors can lead to optimal solutions that ultimately improve the performance of the sensor network through iterative relocation, they usually take longer to reach optimal solutions because they do not initially reflect regionally different characteristics. There is a problem.

JK Kim, NG O, JJ Kim, YM Lee, H Kim and BC Jung, "Search-Oriented Deployment Strategies using GIS for Wireless Sensor Networks", Korea Information and Communications Society, vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 973-980, Oct 2009. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a method to derive minimum communication intervals satisfying the connectivity between sensors and reflect them in the initial deployment in consideration of regional radio wave environment differences. This technique yields an improved initial sensor layout and shortens the time required to obtain an optimal solution compared to conventional uniform initial layout.

However, these methods are based on the premise that event delivery and detection performance is 100% satisfied in the entire area to construct the sensor network, and it is difficult to reflect the performance generally required in the sensor network.

Therefore, there is a need for a method that can reduce the cost of sensor network construction while satisfying the requirements for more general event delivery and detection performance.

In the sensor network constructed for the purpose of monitoring and monitoring over a large area, a GIS information-based sensor deployment simulator is provided that applies more cost-effective sensor deployment techniques while maintaining network performance using geographic information system (GIS) geographic information.

Sensor deployment simulator based on GIS information receives the information on the sensor performance and the event detection rate required by the user and provides the sensor deployment result based on the information, and the geographic information of the area to configure the sensor network. Based on the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the information to maintain the initial deployment unit for placing the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor and the event detection rate required by the user And it may include a repositioning unit for relocating the disposed sensor based on the SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area.

According to one side, the interface unit may receive information on the connectivity, the communication radius and the movement distance of the sensor as information on the performance of the sensor.

According to another aspect, the initial placement unit maintains the separation distance between the sensors in the area below the average maximum communication distance of the sensor based on the GIS information and the information on the communication radius of the sensor, the communication of the sensor The radius can be arranged to cover the entire area.

According to another aspect, the initial placement unit may remove the sensor disposed in the area where it is impossible to place the sensor based on the GIS information when the sensor is disposed.

According to another aspect, the relocator may relocate the sensor by repeatedly performing at least one of adding, removing, and moving the sensor using the SA technique such that the resultant value of the system cost function is minimized.

According to another aspect, the interface unit map information display window for displaying the map information for the area to configure the sensor network, GIS information input window for receiving the GIS information, sensor information for receiving information about the performance of the sensor The performance of the sensor using an input window, a batch result display window for displaying the sensor arrangement results, a GIS information display window for displaying the GIS information input to the map information, and a chart window for graphically displaying the sensor arrangement results. Information and information on an event detection rate required by the user may be input and the sensor arrangement result may be provided.

According to another aspect, the interface unit may display information on at least one of the location, connectivity, and communication radius of the sensor on the map information using the map information display window.

According to another aspect, the interface unit using the GIS information input window for dividing the map information into a plurality of lines, the information on the connectivity and the event occurrence rate of the sensor for each zone divided by the plurality of lines. Can be input.

According to another aspect, the interface unit displays the information on the propagation loss rate and the event occurrence rate for each zone by the color density by using the GIS information display window, and displays the information on the area where the physical sensor arrangement is impossible to the brightness of the color. I can display it.

Based on the information on the sensor performance and the event detection rate required by the user, the sensor is configured to minimize the number of sensors required for deployment while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) information. By deploying, you can deploy sensors more cost-effectively while maintaining network performance.

1 is an exemplary view illustrating a screen provided by a GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a screen provided by a GIS information based sensor arrangement simulator according to one embodiment of the present invention.
3 is an exemplary view for explaining a map information display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an exemplary view for explaining a GIS information input window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an exemplary diagram for describing a sensor information input window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an exemplary view for explaining a layout result display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a GIS information display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is an exemplary view for explaining a chart window in an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is an exemplary view illustrating a screen provided by a GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator according to the present invention receives information necessary for sensor arrangement from a user through an interface as shown in FIG. 1, and based on the received information and Geographic Information System (GIS) information, a sensor network. Place the sensor in the area to be configured and display the result.

To this end, the GIS information-based sensor placement simulator according to the present invention includes an interface unit, an initial placement unit, and a relocation unit.

The interface unit receives information on the performance of the sensor and information on the event detection rate required by the user, and provides the sensor arrangement result based on the information. Here, the information on the performance of the sensor may include information on the connectivity of the sensor, information on the communication coverage of the sensor, information on the moving distance of the sensor, and the like. The event detection rate requested by the user may include a road accident detection rate, a fire accident detection rate, a crime accident detection rate, and the like.

The interface unit may receive information on an event occurrence rate together with information on the performance of such a sensor and information on an event detection rate required by a user. Meanwhile, when the sensor is a camera sensor, the interface unit receives information about the camera's up, down, left, and right angles and connectivity information as information on the sensor's performance, and receives the position angle of the camera sensor, the height of the camera sensor, and the like. The same sensor installation information can be input.

The initial deployment unit uses the information on the performance of the sensor received through the interface unit based on the GIS information of the area to configure the sensor network, and arranges the sensors so that event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor are satisfied at the same time. In this case, the initial disposition unit may remove the sensor disposed in the area where the sensor disposition is impossible based on the GIS information on the physical disposition possibility.

That is, the initial placement unit maintains the separation distance between the sensors to be less than or equal to the average maximum communication distance of the sensor in the area to configure the sensor network by using the GIS information and information on the communication radius of the sensor, and the communication radius of the sensor is Initial positioning of the sensor is performed by placing it to cover the entire area.

On the other hand, the relocation unit is based on the SA (Simulated Annealing) method using the system cost function to minimize the number of sensors placed in the area to configure the sensor network while maintaining the user-required event detection rate received through the interface unit in the initial deployment unit Reposition the deployed sensor.

The relocation unit is for satisfying the user's final requirements in sensor placement. The repositioning unit costs the cost to measure the sensor placement performance as a single indicator so that the result value of the system cost function for measuring the performance of the sensor network is minimized. The relocated sensor is relocated by repeatedly adding or removing a sensor using the SA technique or repeatedly moving the initially disposed sensor by a moving distance (initial input information) of the sensor.

Hereinafter, a process of arranging a sensor by the GIS-based sensor placement simulator according to the present invention will be described in more detail.

Event forwarding performance

If the path gain from the transmitting sensor i to the receiving sensor j is L _ij , the receiving power is P _ij , and the noise power due to white noise is N ₀ , the received signal-to-noise ratio (SIR _ij ) at the sensor i is expressed by Equation 1 below. Is the same as

L _ij Is applied to the exponentially reduced model according to the distance, and the distance d _ij, where the connection condition between the two sensors is satisfied according to the condition that the performance of the received signal-to-noise ratio is _abnormal, is expressed by Equation 2 below.

를

으로 정의하여 치환하면, 수학식 2는 다음의 수학식 3과 같이 정리된다.

To

When defined and substituted, Equation 2 is summarized as in Equation 3 below.

는 백색잡음밀도, 요구 수신신호대잡음비, 경로감쇄 등 지역적 환경에 따라 지역별로 상이할 수 있다.In Equation 3,

May differ from region to region depending on the local environment, such as white noise density, required signal-to-noise ratio, and path attenuation.

In the present invention, it is assumed that at least two or more sensors must maintain an interval of d _ij or less for information transmission, and it is assumed that a sensor satisfying the event satisfies the event delivery condition and satisfies the event delivery condition relative to the total number of sensors. The ratio of the number of sensors is defined as P _con , the event propagation performance.

In the present invention, the event propagation performance (P _con ) must satisfy a certain requirement or more, i.e., a user requirement.

Event detection performance

The event detection performance considered in the present invention means the probability (average event detection rate) of detecting an average event in the entire network area. This event detection performance is obtained by considering the probability of event occurrence that may occur in the area covered by the sensor. If the ratio covered by the sensor in the region i is defined as c _i and the event occurrence probability is defined as e _i , the event detection performance P _det can be obtained from Equation 4 below. The sum of the probability of occurrence may be defined as 100%.

In the present invention, such event detection performance must satisfy a certain requirement or more, i.e., a user requirement.

The GIS information-based sensor placement simulator according to the present invention considers the cost-effective sensor placement problem while satisfying the required performance of the sensor network regarding the event delivery performance and the event detection performance as described above. For this purpose, the sensor is placed to cover the entire area in consideration of different event occurrence probability for each area in order to arrange the sensor that satisfies the user requirements of event transmission performance and event detection performance for information transmission, and at the same time, the number of sensors N _s The sensor placement problem that minimizes is presented as in Equation 5 below.

To solve this problem, we propose a system cost function that reflects the number of sensor placements, event propagation and event detection after effective initial placement. In addition, the problem of Equation 5 is solved using the SA (Simulated Annealing) technique to minimize the number of sensors and satisfy the performance requirements.

In general, it is recognized that it is difficult to directly locate the location of a sensor that minimizes the network construction cost while maintaining specific event delivery and detection performance of the sensor network. Accordingly, in the present invention, after initial deployment of a sensor to satisfy 100% of event delivery performance and event detection performance, which is relatively easy to deploy, an event detection required by a user using a system cost function composed of the number of sensors and network performance Sensor relocation is performed to satisfy the rate and to minimize the number of sensors.

Sensor initial placement

When the sensor is initially deployed, the sensor is placed to satisfy both event delivery performance and event detection performance by using different geographical information of the entire network.

이하가 유지되도록 센서를 배치한다.Consider the square cell (k × k) for the batch that satisfies the event transmission condition, and use the information about the maximum communication distance between sensors based on the GIS information (d _ij ). Is the average value

The sensor is placed so that the following is maintained.

로 커버 가능한 최대 정방형 셀(j×j)을 고려하여서 전체 영역을 커버하도록 배치한다.And the sensing radius of the sensor

It is arranged to cover the entire area in consideration of the largest square cell (j x j) that can be covered by.

Using this method, the separation distance d _s between sensors to simultaneously satisfy event delivery and detection performance is expressed by Equation 6 below.

SA  Sensor final placement

The present invention uses the SA technique using the system cost function after efficient sensor initial placement. The system cost function F is a formula related to the number of sensors and event propagation and detection performance, which is expressed as in Equation 7 below.

,

,

는 센서의 개수와 이벤트 전달 및 감지에 관한 상대적인 비중을 나타내는 가중치 상수이다. 그리고

,

,

는 각각 배치되는 센서의 개수, 이벤트 전달 성능, 이벤트 감지 성능에 관계되는 함수로 정의되며, F 는 현재 구축된 네트워크의 성능을 나타내고 있다.In the above equation

,

,

Is a weight constant that represents the number of sensors and their relative weight for event delivery and detection. And

,

,

Is defined as a function related to the number of sensors, event propagation performance, and event detection performance, respectively, and F represents the performance of the currently constructed network.

The definition of each function is as follows.

은 현재 배치되고 있는 센서 개수에 관한 함수로 다음의 수학식 8로 나타낼 수 있다.

Is a function of the number of sensors that are currently arranged can be represented by the following equation (8).

은 이벤트 전달의 요구치를 기준으로 정의되는 단위 함수(unit function)로 다음의 수학식 9로 나타낼 수 있다.

은 네트워크에 사용된 전체 센서 개수 대비 이벤트 전달 조건을 만족한 센서의 개수의 비율로 정의된다. 그리고

는 이벤트 전달 기능에 대한 목적치로 정의된다.

Is a unit function defined based on a request value of event delivery and can be expressed by Equation 9 below.

Is defined as the ratio of the number of sensors satisfying the event propagation condition to the total number of sensors used in the network. And

Is defined as the objective for the event forwarding function.

는 이벤트 감지의 요구치를 기준으로 정의된 unit function으로 다음의 수학식 10으로 나타낼 수 있다. 그리고

은 네트워크의 감지성능에 관련된 변수로 수학식 4로 정의된다. 그리고

는 이벤트 감지 기능에 대한 목적치로 정의된다.

Is a unit function defined based on the request value of the event detection can be represented by the following equation (10). And

Is a variable related to the detection performance of the network and is defined by Equation 4. And

Is defined as the objective value for the event detection function.

That is, in order to apply the SA method to the sensor arrangement, it is determined by Equation 7, which is a system cost function of the network. Based on this, the SA method is applied to obtain a neighboring new solution Y for the solution X of the current system cost. Compare the cost of the system to move, add and remove sensors in the direction of decreasing cost. This process is repeated enough to finally achieve the optimal placement of the sensor.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a screen provided by a GIS information based sensor arrangement simulator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

When the sensor arrangement is performed through the above-described process, the interface unit of the GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator provides a screen as shown in FIG. 2.

The screen provided by the interface unit includes a map information display window 210 displaying map information on an area to configure a sensor network, a GIS information input window 220 for receiving GIS information, and sensor information for receiving information about sensor performance. An input window 230, a batch result display window 240 for displaying sensor arrangement results, a GIS information display window 250 for displaying GIS information input to map information, and a chart window 260 for displaying the sensor arrangement results graphically Include.

Hereinafter, each window 210 to 260 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 8.

3 is an exemplary view for explaining a map information display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the interface unit displays map information of an area in which the sensor network is to be constructed using the map information display window 210, while the location, connectivity, and connectivity of the sensor are displayed on the map information display window 210 as shown in FIG. 1. Information about the communication radius can be displayed. The map information may be stored in a GIS based sensor placement simulator.

The map information display window 210 may be loaded with map information of the target area for the GIS sensor arrangement, and may be expanded, reduced, or moved through the multi-touch input.

4 is an exemplary view for explaining a GIS information input window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the interface information is displayed by dividing the map information displayed on the map information display window 210 into a plurality of lines in the GIS information input window 220, thereby reducing the connectivity of the sensor for each zone divided by a plurality of lines. You can receive information about the event and event occurrence rate.

5 is an exemplary diagram for describing a sensor information input window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The interface unit may receive information on the performance of the sensor from the user using the sensor information input window 230 illustrated in FIG. 5.

For example, in the drawing, as the information on the performance of the sensor, the sensing radius of the sensor, the information on the connectivity of the sensor, and the number of dividing areas to receive information on the event occurrence rate are shown. .

Meanwhile, in the case of the camera sensor, the interface sensor may receive information about the up, down, left, right, position, height, and connectivity of the camera sensor as parameters using the sensor information input window 230.

In addition, the interface unit may be selected by the user through the sensor information input window 230 so that the GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator according to the present invention performs a sensor arrangement having 100% detection performance or a sensor arrangement satisfying the performance required by the user. have.

6 is an exemplary view for explaining a layout result display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The arrangement result display window 240 is a window displaying the sensor arrangement result and outputs a result value calculated based on each input parameter. In the drawing, for example, as sensor information, information such as the total number of sensors, cost, event detection rate, and connectivity required for constructing a sensor network is displayed.

7 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a GIS information display window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The interface unit may display the map information by the propagation loss rate, the event occurrence rate, and the location where the sensor cannot be placed using the GIS information display window 250.

When displaying the information on the propagation loss rate, the interface unit divides the map information into 4 * 4 or 3 * 3 zones on the GIS information display window 250 to express the propagation loss rate for each zone as the color density. As an example, the darker the color, the greater the transfer loss rate.

When displaying the event occurrence rate, the interface unit divides the map information into 14 * 14 zones on the GIS information display window 250 and expresses the event occurrence rate for each zone as the color density. For example, when a user inputs a fire incidence rate and a crime incidence rate as an event, a value obtained by adding the fire incidence rate and the crime incidence rate to the GIS information display window 250 may be displayed as an event incidence rate.

When displaying information on the non-placeable area, the interface unit may display information on the area where the sensor cannot be physically arranged on the GIS information display window 250 in brightness of colors. For example, the interface unit may display an area that can be physically disposed in the GIS information display window 250 in a dark color and an area that cannot be physically disposed in a light color.

8 is an exemplary view for explaining a chart window in an embodiment of the present invention.

The GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator according to the present invention utilizes the SA technique to satisfy the performance required by the user and at the same time arrange the sensor so that the sensor placement cost is reduced. The interface unit is thus reduced using the chart window 260. By displaying the cost of sensor deployment using various types of graphs / charts, you can show users the cost savings as they perform simulations.

Therefore, the GIS-based sensor deployment simulator according to the present invention can deploy sensors to minimize the number of sensors required for deployment while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user. The sensor can be placed.

As described above, the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains various modifications and variations from such descriptions. This is possible.

Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be determined by the equivalents of the claims, as well as the claims.

Claims (9)

delete delete An interface unit which receives information on performance of a sensor and information on an event detection rate required by a user and provides a sensor arrangement result based on the information;
Initial deployment unit for arranging the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor using the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) information of the area to configure the sensor network ; And
A repositioning unit for relocating the arranged sensors based on a SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user
Lt; / RTI >
The initial placement unit,
Based on the GIS information and information on the communication radius of the sensor, the distance between the sensors in the area is maintained to be less than the average maximum communication distance of the sensor, and arranged so that the communication radius of the sensor covers the entire area GIS information-based sensor placement simulator, characterized in that. An interface unit which receives information on performance of a sensor and information on an event detection rate required by a user and provides a sensor arrangement result based on the information;
Initial deployment unit for arranging the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor using the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) information of the area to configure the sensor network ; And
A repositioning unit for relocating the arranged sensors based on a SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user
Lt; / RTI >
The initial placement unit,
GIS information sensor deployment simulator, characterized in that for removing the sensor disposed in the area that can not be deployed based on the sensor GIS information. An interface unit which receives information on performance of a sensor and information on an event detection rate required by a user and provides a sensor arrangement result based on the information;
Initial deployment unit for arranging the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor using the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) information of the area to configure the sensor network ; And
A repositioning unit for relocating the arranged sensors based on a SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user
Lt; / RTI >
The re-
And relocate the sensor by repeating at least one of the addition, removal, and movement of the sensor using the SA technique such that the resultant value of the system cost function is minimal. An interface unit which receives information on performance of a sensor and information on an event detection rate required by a user and provides a sensor arrangement result based on the information;
Initial deployment unit for arranging the sensor to satisfy the event delivery performance and event detection performance of each sensor using the information on the performance of the input sensor based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) information of the area to configure the sensor network ; And
A repositioning unit for relocating the arranged sensors based on a SA (Simulated Annealing) method using a system cost function to minimize the number of sensors arranged in the area while maintaining the event detection rate required by the user
Lt; / RTI >
The interface unit includes:
A map information display window for displaying map information on an area of the sensor network;
A GIS information input window for receiving the GIS information;
A sensor information input window for receiving information on the performance of the sensor;
An arrangement result display window for displaying the sensor arrangement result;
A GIS information display window for displaying the GIS information input to the map information; And
Chart window displaying the sensor arrangement result in graph
GIS information sensor deployment simulator, characterized in that for receiving the information on the performance of the sensor and information on the event detection rate required by the user to provide the sensor arrangement results. The method according to claim 6,
The interface unit includes:
GIS information-based sensor arrangement simulator, characterized in that on the map information to display information on at least one of the location, connectivity and communication radius of the sensor using the map information display window. The method according to claim 6,
The interface unit includes:
GIS information, characterized in that for receiving information on the connectivity and the event occurrence rate of the sensor for each zone divided by the plurality of lines by using the GIS information input window for dividing the map information into a plurality of lines. Based sensor placement simulator. 9. The method of claim 8,
The interface unit includes:
The information on the propagation loss rate and the event occurrence rate for each zone is displayed using the GIS information display window using the color density, and the information on the area where the sensor cannot be physically arranged is displayed in the color brightness. Sensor placement simulator.

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