KR101269572B1 - Surface heat treatment process for machine parts having high durability and high corrosion resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention applies an austenitic nitriding process and a ferritic nitriding process so that the surface modification treatment process can provide excellent durability and corrosion resistance to mechanical parts without releasing environmental loads during the manufacturing process. It is about.
The present invention is subjected to austenitic nitriding for 1 to 5 hours in a mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia and nitrogen or ammonia, hydrocarbons and nitrogen of 800 ~ 1000 ℃ and then quenched (quenching) and then subjected to grinding 500 ~ After ferritic nitriding is performed at 600 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours, the present invention provides a method for surface treatment of mechanical parts, which is subjected to surface processing and finally post-oxidation.

Description

Surface heat treatment process for machine parts having high durability and high corrosion resistance}

The present invention is applied to the austenitic nitriding (austenitic nitriding) and ferritic nitriding (ferritic nitriding) to the steel material surface that can give excellent durability and corrosion resistance to mechanical parts without discharging the environmental load during the manufacturing process It relates to a reforming treatment method.

       Surface modification treatment methods for improving wear resistance and fatigue strength of steel materials include gas carburizing, which is quenched after diffusion impregnation of carbon.

This gas carburizing heat treatment is carried out at a temperature range of 880 ° C to 940 ° C, and the surface is given a high surface hardness by a carbon martensite structure in which carbon is dissolved in an amount of about 0.8 to 1% by weight. Since martensitic structure can be obtained, it has advantages of excellent wear resistance and high strength, and is widely applied to heat treatment processes for power transmission gears of automobiles or industrial machines.

However, such gears have a temperature of about 400 ° C. due to friction between the gears during high speed rotation. However, carburizing gears have a problem in that their hardness decreases sharply during operation due to low tempering softening resistance.

Recently, wind power generators are attracting attention as an alternative energy source for fossil fuels. When wind generators are installed along the coast, the gears need particularly high corrosion resistance. However, carburizing heat treatment or high frequency heat treatment generally applied to gears cannot secure corrosion resistance. If hard chrome plating is performed after carburizing heat treatment or high frequency heat treatment, corrosion resistance can be increased, but fatigue strength is lowered due to hydrogen embrittlement.

On the other hand, the gas carburizing heat treatment process contains more than 40% of carbon monoxide depending on the composition of the gas used, there is a problem to emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, a global warming gas.

The shock absorber of the car is a part that absorbs the shock applied to the wheels while driving. The piston rod of the components of this shock absorber is generally subjected to hard chrome plating after high frequency heat treatment on carbon steel equivalent to SM 45C. High frequency heat treatment gives fatigue strength and hard chromium plating gives corrosion resistance and wear resistance.

However, hard chromium plating generates hexavalent chromium, which is an environmental load in the plating process, so it is used as a trivalent chromium plating process to replace it. However, the process cost is high and corrosion resistance is not high. There is a possibility.

In addition, since the high frequency heat treatment hardens only the surface, there is a limit in improving the strength of the entire rod, and when high strength is required, there is a need to separately quench and temper heat treatment before high frequency heat treatment.

In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-184728 maintains a piston rod of low carbon steel in a mixed gas atmosphere of 70% ammonia and 30% endothermic gas at a temperature of 570 ° C for 2 hours to form a compound layer of Fe ₃ N. The rod was wrapped and maintained at a temperature of 500 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an oxide layer (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) having a thickness of 2 to 4 μm, thereby providing a piston rod having excellent corrosion resistance, but having a shallow surface hardening depth. It does not harden to the deep part and can not obtain satisfactory strength. In addition, there is a problem that the fatigue strength is significantly lowered due to the precipitation of Fe ₄ N in the nitrogen solid solution layer when oxidized at 500 ℃.

In EP-A-0077627, carbon steel is subjected to nitriding treatment in a gas atmosphere such as ammonia and endothermic gas in the temperature range of 550 to 800 ° C or ammonia and exothermic gas, and then lapping, and then at a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. Techniques have been proposed to oxidize to provide high corrosion resistant steels.

However, the patent can be further deepened by the nitriding treatment in the pearlite-austenite region of 550-800 ° C., which is somewhat higher than the general nitriding temperature range, but it is limited in strength in application to parts requiring high strength. There is.

Special Publication 6-184728 EP-A-0077627

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a surface treatment process for machine parts having high durability and corrosion resistance.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing high-strength and highly corrosion-resistant mechanical parts in an environmentally friendly process because it does not discharge environmental load material during the process.

The present invention for achieving the above object is (a) austenetic for 1 to 5 hours in the atmosphere of a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen or a mixed gas of ammonia, hydrocarbons and nitrogen at 800 ~ 1000 ℃ machined steel parts Performing nitriding; (b) quenching the part that has passed through step (a) using a predetermined cooling medium; (c) performing a grinding process on the parts that have undergone the step (b); (d) performing ferritic nitriding on the part that has undergone step (c); And (e) it provides a surface modification treatment method of a high durability and high corrosion resistance steel material component comprising the step of performing a surface machining for the component that has passed the step (d).

In the present invention, the austenitic nitriding means nitriding or nitriding carburizing of a mechanical part at an austenite temperature range, and the ferritic nitriding refers to nitriding or nitriding carburizing at a ferrite temperature range. .

The hydrocarbon is any one selected from propane, butane, methane, ethylene, acetylene and ethane, and the post-oxidation process is carried out in oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, exothermic gas, steam alone or in a mixed gas atmosphere of two or more to the outermost surface layer. It is for forming an oxide layer having a thickness of 4 μm or less.

According to the present invention, austenitic nitriding and ferritic nitriding are applied to steel materials to provide excellent durability and corrosion resistance to mechanical parts without releasing environmental loads during the manufacturing process. It can be manufactured.

1 is a block diagram showing a manufacturing process of a mechanical component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings, the machining step S1 is a process for preparing a desired mechanical part by machining steel parts. In this case, it is good to give a slight processing allowance in consideration of the dimensional deformation after austenite nitriding or ferritic nitriding, and the machine parts used are selected from materials having characteristics corresponding to the intended use. Alloy steel or the like can be employed as the mechanical part.

The machined mechanical parts are subjected to austenitic nitriding for 1 to 5 hours at a temperature range of 800 to 1,000 ° C. to form a hardened layer of nitrogen alone, or a solid solution of nitrogen and carbon on the surface of the machine parts. S2)

The austenitic nitriding is carried out by heating the mechanical parts to the temperature of the austenite region of the Fe-C state diagram and treating them in a mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia and nitrogen, or a mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia, hydrocarbons and nitrogen, and nitrogen alone or nitrogen and carbon. Is simultaneously diffused onto the surface of the part, and then quenched with a water-soluble refrigerant or a refrigerant such as oil to obtain a hardened layer having a martensite structure in which the surface is dissolved with nitrogen or nitrogen and carbon. It is a process of obtaining martensite structure by intrinsic alloying component.

When the austenitic nitriding is carried out in a mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia and nitrogen, only nitrogen is diffused to the surface of the mechanical part, so that the austenitic nitriding is performed, and the ammonia, nitrogen and nitrogen are treated in a mixed gas atmosphere. In this case, austenitic nitrocarburizing, in which nitrogen and carbon are simultaneously diffused on the surface of a machine part. Austenitic nitriding in the present invention is used in a broad sense including austenitic nitriding.

The nitriding gas composition may be 30 to 90% by volume of ammonia gas and 10 to 70% by volume of nitrogen, and the nitrocarburizing gas composition may be 30 to 90% by volume of ammonia gas, 10% by volume or less of hydrocarbon, and the rest of nitrogen. Shall be. If the hydrocarbon content is higher than this, soot may occur.

Examples of the hydrocarbons include propane (C ₃ H ₈ ), methane (CH ₄ ), ethylene (C ₂ H ₄ ), butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ), and ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ). .

Limiting the temperature range of the austenitic nitriding at 800 to 1,000 ° C. and the processing time to 1 to 5 hours is related to the diffusion rate of nitrogen and carbon. In other words, the higher the treatment temperature, the more sufficient curing depth can be obtained in a short time. However, if the treatment temperature is too high, the amount of decomposition of ammonia is too high and the source of nitrogen atoms is reduced, and the austenitic grains are coarsened, so that the fatigue strength and impact characteristics are increased. Can be lowered. If the temperature is lower than this, the time required for nitriding is too long, which is undesirable from an economic point of view.

In addition, the lower limit of the nitriding time is limited to one hour because a sufficient curing depth cannot be obtained if the treatment time is shorter than this, and the reason for setting the upper limit to five hours is economically disadvantageous.

In austenitic nitriding, gas is introduced into the diffusion layer under controlled control so that nitrogen or nitrogen and carbon are 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, depending on the required characteristics of the workpiece. The method of selecting the furnace temperature and the gas introduction method to produce such a result in the diffusion layer may be determined experimentally and empirically.

The present invention heats a mechanical part to an austenite single zone temperature and quenches it after sufficiently diffusing nitrogen, which is a main hardening element, and carbon atoms, which is an additional hardening element, by using nitrogen or a high diffusion coefficient of nitrogen and carbon atoms at a high temperature. By quenching, the surface is formed by solid solution strengthening and martensite transformation of nitrogen and carbon, and the core part has high wear resistance and high tempering softening resistance and high strength characteristics due to nitrogen employment due to martensite transformation due to the alloying components inherent in mechanical parts. It can provide a mechanical part having. After the austenitic nitriding treatment, the mechanical parts are taken out of the furnace and quenched in an aqueous coolant or oil.

Grinding is performed on the mechanical parts subjected to the austenitic nitriding. (S3)

The grinding process is for correcting dimensional deformation after austenetic nitriding or removing oxides or foreign substances formed on the surface according to a cooling medium. The grinding process is preferably performed at the final dimension on the drawing and the surface roughness is 0.2 탆 or less. .

Ferritic nitriding is performed on the machined machined parts. (S4)

Ferritic nitriding is performed in the ferrite region at 500 ~ 600 ℃ for 1 ~ 10 hours to form iron nitride of about 8 ~ 25㎛ thickness and nitrogen diffusion layer about 0.5mm in depth on the surface of machine parts. Phosphorus ammonia-nitrogen, ammonia-carbon dioxide-nitrogen, ammonia-endothermic gas, and ammonia-heating gas.

The use of an ammonia-nitrogen atmosphere results in ferritic nitriding, in which only nitrogen is diffused on the surface of the machine part, and ferritic nitrocarburizing when a carburizing gas such as carbon dioxide is mixed in the ammonia-nitrogen atmosphere. In the present invention, ferritic nitriding is used in the sense including ferratic nitriding.

The ferritic nitriding is to impart corrosion resistance by forming iron nitride having a thickness of about 8 to 25 μm in the austenitic nitriding machined parts, and in order to obtain high corrosion resistance, a single ε-phase iron nitride is preferably formed. .

On the other hand, when nitriding the carburized heat treated mechanical parts, carbides composed of alloying elements such as Fe, Cr, or Mo and carbon are easily coarsened near the nitriding temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. There is a problem of sharply lowering.

On the other hand, nitrides composed of alloying elements such as Fe, Cr or Mo and nitrogen formed during ferritic nitriding after austenitic nitriding as in the present invention are not easily coarse at around 500 to 600 ° C. and thus remain in a fine form. Because of its excellent tempering softening resistance, it maintains high hardness and fatigue strength.

Surface processing is performed on the mechanical parts that have undergone the ferritic nitriding process. (S5)

The surface treatment is to remove oxides or foreign substances formed on the surface during nitriding or cooling, such as barrel, buffing, lapping, polishing or shot peening. It can be carried out by the method, the surface roughness after the surface treatment is preferably less than 0.2㎛Ra.

In particular, in the case of the pneumatic piston rod, the surface processing is important for improving the surface roughness or friction characteristics, but the surface after the surface processing has a silver white surface color. By performing austenitic nitriding and ferritic nitriding, mechanical parts having high strength and excellent corrosion resistance can be manufactured.

On the other hand, the machined parts that have undergone the surface treatment may preferably be subjected to a post-oxidation process in an oxidizing atmosphere of 150 ~ 500 ℃. (S6)

The post-oxidation process is carried out for 10 minutes to 4 hours in a single gas atmosphere of oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, exothermic gas, nitrogen and air, or two or more complex gas atmospheres, and according to the oxidation process conditions, iron oxide having a thickness of several tens of nm to 4 μm. Corrosion resistance can be further improved by forming a cargo layer and containing oxygen in the iron nitride layer.

In other words, by performing austenitic nitriding and ferritic nitriding, mechanical parts having high corrosion resistance can be obtained. Further, a post-oxidation process can be further performed to impart better corrosion resistance. In addition, depending on the post-oxidation process conditions, the surface color may be implemented in various colors of gold, purple, blue or black to improve the appearance characteristics.

Mechanical parts manufactured by such a process can provide high strength and high corrosion resistance at the same time, and has a high tempering softening resistance, so that the strength is not lowered even in high frictional heat when used in gears.

In addition, since it has a friction coefficient similar to that of the hard chromium plated layer, it is not only suitable for a hydraulic pneumatic piston rod that performs sliding movement, but also has high surface tension with extremely low wettability against moisture, and thus shows high corrosion resistance during salt spray test.

(Example 1)

Inner diameter 1200mmΦ, height 4000mmH, charged with S20C, S45C and SCM440 material in a pit furnace equipped with a stirring fan on the top and bottom (temperature is 500 ℃), flow rate is 40m ³ / hour, composition is 70% by volume ammonia, The temperature was raised to 910 ° C. while injecting a mixed gas of 27 vol% nitrogen and 3 vol% methane. Thereafter, after the austenitic nitride carburization was performed while injecting gas of the same flow rate and composition at a temperature of 910 ° C. for 4 hours, the surface hardness of S20C, S45C, and SCM440 was 62HRC, respectively, after quenching in an aqueous coolant at room temperature. , 63.1 HRC and 64.4 HRC.

The material subjected to austenitic nitriding was ground to a roughness of 0.16 μm Ra, and then flowed in the same furnace as described above maintained at 520 ° C. at a flow rate of 1.2 m ³ / hour, with a composition of 60 vol% ammonia and 40 vol After nitriding for 3 hours while injecting a mixture of% nitrogen, air was removed from the furnace and air cooled. The surface hardness of S20C, S45C, and SCM440 was 54HRC, 57.1HRC, and 58HRC, respectively. It was found to be μm.

Meanwhile, the nitridated material was buffed to have a surface roughness of 0.11 μmRa, and then subjected to oxidation treatment in an air atmosphere at 270 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain blue color. The material was brine according to KS D 9502. As a result of the spray test, no corrosion occurred even at 500 hours.

(Example 2)

Charge 10,000 SUJ2 balls with a diameter of 11 mm in the same furnace as in Example 1 (at a temperature of 550 ° C.), flow rate 38 m ³ / hour, composition 65 vol% ammonia, 30 vol% nitrogen and 5 vol% propane The temperature was raised to 900 ° C while injecting gas. After injecting a gas of the composition of the same flow rate for 3.5 hours at a temperature of 900 ℃ was subjected to austenitic nitride carburizing and quenched in oil maintained at 30 ℃ surface hardness was 64HRC.

The ball was subjected to barrel polishing to have a roughness of 0.15 μm Ra, and then a mixture of 50 vol% ammonia and 50 vol% nitrogen was injected in the same furnace maintained at 540 ° C. with a flow rate of 1.6 m ³ / hour. After nitriding for 3 hours, the surface hardness was 55.4 HRC and the compound layer had a thickness of 14 µm.

The nitriding material was subjected to barrel processing again to obtain a surface roughness of 0.16 μmRa, and then oxidized in an oxygen atmosphere at 230 ° C. for 2.5 hours to obtain a golden color. The material was subjected to a salt spray test according to KS D 9502. As a result, there was no call out even at 450 hours.

As described above, although the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto and is intended by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Various modifications and variations may be made within the scope of the claims to be described.

Industrial Applicability The present invention can be applied to manufacturing a pneumatic piston rod or the like as well as a gear for a power transmission device for automobiles and industrial machines requiring high durability and high corrosion resistance.

Claims (5)

(a) performing austenitic nitriding of the machined steel parts in a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen at 800 to 1000 ° C. or a mixed gas atmosphere of ammonia, hydrocarbons and nitrogen for 1 to 5 hours;
(b) quenching the part that has passed through step (a) using a predetermined cooling medium;
(c) grinding the surface roughness of the component having been subjected to the step (b) to 0.2 μm Ra or less;
(d) performing ferritic nitriding on the part that has undergone step (c); And
(e) subjecting the component which has been subjected to step (d) to perform surface machining,
The mixed gas atmosphere of step (a) is 30 to 90% by volume of ammonia, 10% by volume or less of the hydrocarbon, the rest is composed of nitrogen,
The ferritic nitriding in the step (d) is carried out for 1 to 10 hours in a nitriding gas atmosphere at 500 to 600 ° C. to form iron nitride having 8 to 25 μm on the part. Method of surface modification of parts. delete delete The method of claim 1,
After the step (e), the step of post-oxidation for 10 minutes to 4 hours in any one gas atmosphere selected from oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, exothermic gas and air at 150 to 500 ℃ or two or more mixed gas atmosphere Surface modification treatment method of a high durability and high corrosion resistance steel material parts further comprising. The method of claim 1,
The surface treatment of the step (e) is a method for surface modification of high durability and corrosion-resistant steel material parts, characterized in that carried out by any one process selected from barrel, buffing, lapping, polishing and shot peening.

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