KR101268082B1 - SOC Estimation Method using Polarizing Voltage and Open Circuit Voltage - Google Patents
SOC Estimation Method using Polarizing Voltage and Open Circuit Voltage Download PDFInfo
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- KR101268082B1 KR101268082B1 KR1020110109551A KR20110109551A KR101268082B1 KR 101268082 B1 KR101268082 B1 KR 101268082B1 KR 1020110109551 A KR1020110109551 A KR 1020110109551A KR 20110109551 A KR20110109551 A KR 20110109551A KR 101268082 B1 KR101268082 B1 KR 101268082B1
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
본 발명은 배터리의 잔존용량을 추정하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 이러한 본 발명은 초기 배터리의 잔존용량을 계산하기 위해 초기 파워 온 하였을 때 휴지시간(Rest Time)을 판단하여 온도별 개로전압을 측정하여 추정하고, 15분 이하는 사용 중에 주기적으로 저장한 데이터를 이용하여 초기 배터리 잔존용량을 계산하며, 초기 이후 배터리 잔존용량의 추정은 부하의 충 방전 상태를 판단하여 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압과 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압에 의한 내부저항을 이용하여 분극전압 대비 잔존용량을 추정할 수 있도록 한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery, the present invention is estimated by measuring the open-time voltage for each temperature by determining the rest time when the initial power-on to calculate the remaining capacity of the initial battery 15 minutes or less is used to calculate the initial battery remaining capacity using the data stored periodically during use, and after the initial estimation of the remaining battery capacity is determined by determining the charge and discharge state of the load and the polarization voltage for each temperature and current The residual capacity compared to the polarization voltage can be estimated using the internal resistance by the open circuit voltage.
Description
본 발명은 배터리의 잔존용량을 추정하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 초기 배터리의 잔존용량을 계산하기 위해 초기 파워 온 하였을 때 휴지시간(Rest Time)을 판단하여 15분 이상으로 배터리가 사용되지 않은 경우 온도별 개로전압을 측정하여 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하고, 15분 이하는 사용중에 주기적으로 저장된 데이터를 이용하여 초기 배터리 잔존용량을 계산하며, 초기 이후 배터리 잔존용량의 추정은 부하의 충방전 상태를 판단하여 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압과 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압에 의한 내부저항을 이용하여 분극전압 대비 잔존용량을 추정하는 분극전압과 개로전압을 이용한 배터리 잔존용량 추정방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery. More specifically, the battery is not used for more than 15 minutes by determining a rest time when the power is initially turned on to calculate the remaining capacity of the initial battery. If not, estimate the remaining battery capacity by measuring the open-circuit voltage by temperature, and calculate the initial battery remaining capacity using the data stored periodically during 15 minutes or less, and the estimation of the remaining battery capacity after the initial The present invention relates to a battery residual capacity estimation method using a polarization voltage and an open circuit voltage to estimate a residual capacity relative to a polarization voltage by using a polarization voltage for each temperature and a current, and an internal resistance by an open circuit voltage that is a stable voltage.
일반적으로 배터리의 잔존용량인 SOC(State Of Charge)는 정격용량에 대해서 % 단위로 표현하는 배터리의 사용 가능한 용량으로 정의 할 수 있는데, SOC의 정확한 정보는 배터리를 이용하는 시스템에서는 필수적인 요소로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있지만 배터리의 전기화학적인 비선형적인 특성과 고려해야 할 많은 변수들로 인해 SOC 정보를 산출하는데 상당히 어려움을 겪고 있다.In general, SOC (State Of Charge), which is the remaining capacity of a battery, can be defined as the usable capacity of a battery expressed in% with respect to the rated capacity. Accurate information of SOC is an essential element in a battery-based system. Although research is being done, the electrochemical nonlinear nature of the battery and many variables to consider make it difficult to produce SOC information.
배터리의 정확한 잔존용량 추정을 위해서는 배터리의 셀 전압을 균등하게 해주는 배터리 셀 밸런싱 과정이 필요하다.Accurate estimation of the battery's remaining capacity requires a battery cell balancing process that equalizes the cell's cell voltage.
배터리는 제조공정이나 그 외의 환경적인 요인들로 인해 배터리 전압간에는 셀의 불균등이 존재한다.Due to manufacturing processes or other environmental factors, there are cell inequality between battery voltages.
이런 셀 전압간의 불균등으로 인해 충전과정에서 다른 셀들이 완충되기 전에 가장 높은 전압의 셀이 먼저 완충됨으로써 배터리의 사용영역이 줄어들거나 과 충전의 문제가 생기기도 하며, 방전과정 중에는 낮은 전압의 셀이 먼저 저 전압으로 떨어지는 경우가 생겨 전체 배터리의 수명을 떨어뜨리는 경우가 발생한다.Due to the inequality between the cell voltages, the highest voltage cell is fully charged before other cells are fully charged in the charging process, thereby reducing the area of use of the battery or causing an overcharging problem. Sometimes it will fall to low voltage, which will shorten the life of the entire battery.
이러한 문제점을 해결함으로써 배터리 셀 전압이 균등하게 되어 배터리의 잔존용량을 추정하는데 용이하게 되었다.By solving these problems, the battery cell voltages are equalized, making it easy to estimate the remaining capacity of the battery.
기존의 배터리의 잔존용량을 산출하는 방법으로는 개로전압 측정법, 내부 저항 측정법, AH 누적법, 비중 측정법 등이 있다.Methods of calculating the remaining capacity of a conventional battery include open circuit voltage measurement, internal resistance measurement, AH accumulation method, specific gravity measurement method.
그러나, 개로전압 측정법은 구조가 간단하여 측정이 용이한 반면, 충 방전에 따른 분극현상 후 전압이 안정화되는데 시간이 필요하며, AH 누적법은 신호변환에 따른 누적오차가 쌓이게 되어 누적오차를 줄이는 방안으로 A/D 컨버터의 사양과 전류센서의 정밀도를 높이는 방법이 있는데 이는 전체 시스템 비용이 상승되는 문제가 있으며, 비중 측정법은 장착이나 안전상의 문제가 있으며 납산 배터리에만 사용 가능한 것으로 일반적으로 적용하기엔 문제점이 있다.However, the open-circuit measuring method is easy to measure because of its simple structure, but it takes time for voltage to stabilize after polarization due to charging and discharging, and the AH accumulation method accumulates cumulative errors due to signal conversion and reduces cumulative errors. There is a method to increase the specifications of the A / D converter and the accuracy of the current sensor, which increases the overall system cost, and the specific gravity measurement method has a mounting or safety problem, and is only available for lead-acid batteries. have.
따라서, 본 발명은 상기 종래의 문제점을 고려하여 배터리의 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소로 알려진 내부 저항과 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압을 이용하여 배터리의 잔존용량의 추정방법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery using an internal resistance and a polarization voltage for each temperature and current, which are known to be the most influential factors of the battery. .
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명 분극전압과 개로전압을 이용한 배터리 잔존용량 추정방법은, 배터리의 잔존용량을 추정하는데 있어서, 초기 배터리의 잔존용량을 계산하기 위해 초기 파워 온 하였을 때 휴지시간(Rest Time)을 판단하여 일정시간(예; 15분 이상)으로 배터리가 사용되지 않은 경우 온도별 개로전압을 측정하여 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하고, 휴지시간이 일정시간(예; 15분 이하)인 경우는 저장된 기존의 배터리 잔존용량을 사용하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Battery residual capacity estimation method using the polarization voltage and the open circuit voltage of the present invention for achieving the above object, in estimating the remaining capacity of the battery, when the initial power-on to calculate the remaining capacity of the initial battery (Rest When the battery is not used for a certain time (e.g., 15 minutes or more), the open-circuit voltage is estimated by temperature, and the remaining battery time is estimated. It is characterized by using the existing remaining battery capacity stored.
또한, 배터리 잔존용량의 추정은, 배터리의 잔존용량의 초기값을 설정하기 위해 배터리 전압이 안정화 상태에서 각각의 온도에 따라 개로전압에 따른 배터리 잔존용량을 계산하여 저장시켜 놓고 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압과 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압 관계에 따른 내부저항을 계산하여 저장하고 저장된 관계표를 이용하여 분극전압 대비 잔존용량을 추정하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the estimation of the remaining battery capacity, in order to set the initial value of the remaining capacity of the battery to calculate the battery remaining capacity according to the open-circuit voltage according to each temperature in the battery voltage is stabilized state and polarization by temperature and current It is characterized by calculating and storing the internal resistance according to the open circuit voltage relationship, which is the voltage after the voltage is stabilized, and estimating the remaining capacity relative to the polarized voltage using the stored relation table.
또한, 상기 배터리 잔존용량의 추정은 부하에 따라 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하기 위해 충 방전 전류에 따라 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압 측정하고, 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압 값의 관계에 따른 내부저항을 계산하여 저장하며, 저장된 관계표를 이용하여 분극전압 대비 잔존용량을 추정하도록 한 것이다.In addition, the estimation of the battery residual capacity is to measure the polarization voltage for each temperature and current according to the charge and discharge current in order to estimate the battery remaining capacity according to the load, and calculate the internal resistance according to the relationship between the open-circuit voltage value which is the voltage after stabilization The remaining capacity is estimated by using the stored relation table.
본 발명에 의하면, 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압을 통해 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하는 방법을 제공하는 효과를 기대할 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to expect the effect of providing a method for estimating battery remaining capacity through polarization voltage for each temperature and current.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 바람직한 실시예에 따른 본 발명의 흐름도를 도시한 블록도.
도 2는 캐패시터 성분을 포함하는 배터리의 등가회로도.
도 3은 캐패시터 성분의 전체 SOC의 구성도.
도 4는 캐패시터 성분을 제외한 배터리의 등가회로도.
도 5,7는 충 방전시의 분극전압의 일부와 그에 따른 개로전압의 관계를 도시한 도면.
도 6,8은 도 5,7에 도시된 도면의 전체 분극전압과 개로전압 관계를 도시한 도면.
도 9는 충전 전류별 분극전압의 관계를 도시한 도면.1 is a block diagram illustrating a flowchart of the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a battery including a capacitor component.
3 is a configuration diagram of an entire SOC of a capacitor component.
4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a battery excluding a capacitor component.
5 and 7 are diagrams showing a relationship between a part of polarization voltage during charge and discharge, and thus an open circuit voltage.
6 and 8 show the relationship between the total polarization voltage and the open circuit voltage in the drawings shown in FIGS. 5 and 7;
9 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between polarization voltages for charging currents.
이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 실시예를 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명을 설명함에 있어서 정의되는 용어들은 본 발명에서의 기능을 고려하여 정의 내려진 것으로, 본 발명의 기술적 구성요소를 한정하는 의미로 이해되어서는 아니 될 것이다.The terms defined in describing the present invention have been defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention and should not be construed to limit the technical elements of the present invention.
상기 도면에 의하면, 본 발명은 각각의 온도에 따른 초기전압을 읽어 개로전압에 의한 배터리의 잔존용량 관계 데이터에 의해 초기의 배터리 잔존용량을 계산하고, 온도와 전류의 변화에 따른 분극전압 대비 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하게 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.According to the drawings, the present invention reads the initial voltage according to each temperature, calculates the initial battery remaining capacity based on the remaining capacity relationship data of the battery by the open-circuit voltage, and the battery remaining compared to the polarization voltage according to the change of temperature and current Characterized in that the capacity is estimated.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 바람직한 실시예에 따른 본 발명의 흐름도를 도시한 블록도이고, 도 2는 캐패시터 성분을 포함하는 배터리의 등가회로를 나타내며, 도 3은 캐패시터 성분의 전체 SOC의 구성부분을 나타내며, 도 5,7는 충 방전시의 분극전압의 일부와 그에 따른 개로전압의 관계를 도시한 도면이며, 도 6,8은 도 5,7에 도시된 도면의 전체 분극전압과 개로전압 관계를 설명하기 위해 도시한 도면이다.1 is a block diagram showing a flowchart of the present invention according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of a battery including a capacitor component, and FIG. 3 shows a constituent part of the entire SOC of the capacitor component. 5 and 7 show the relationship between a part of the polarization voltage at the time of charging and discharging and the resulting open circuit voltage, and FIGS. 6 and 8 show the relationship between the total polarization voltage and the open circuit voltage of the drawings shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. It is a figure shown for description.
첨부된 도 1 내지 도 7에 도시된 바와 같이, 배터리는 충 방전시 개로 전압상태에서 화학반응이 일어나면서 개로전압 외에 가 전압을 일으키는 현상이 나타나는데 이때 발생한 가 전압이 분극전압이다.As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the battery has a phenomenon in which a chemical reaction occurs in the open-circuit voltage state during charging and discharging, causing a voltage in addition to the open-circuit voltage, wherein the generated voltage is a polarization voltage.
가 전압을 일으키는 성분은 배터리 단자의 저항, 전극의 표면 저항과 전해질의 저항으로 구성된 옴저항과 전극과 전해질 사이의 전하분포에 의해 생기는 캐패시턴스 성분인의 전기 이중층 그리고 전극표면의 전해질 농도차에 의한 확산층으로 이루어져 있다.The component that generates the applied voltage is an ohmic resistance consisting of resistance of the battery terminal, resistance of the electrode and resistance of the electrode, an electric double layer of capacitance component generated by the charge distribution between the electrode and the electrolyte, and a diffusion layer due to the difference in electrolyte concentration on the electrode surface. Consists of
도 2는 배터리의 전기적 등가회로를 나타내는 도면으로, 이 등가회로에 따른 충 방전시의 배터리의 전압은 아래의 수학식1과 같다.2 is a diagram illustrating an electrical equivalent circuit of a battery, wherein the voltage of the battery at the time of charging and discharging according to the equivalent circuit is represented by
[수학식 1][Equation 1]
Vbat = Emf - 캐패시터성분 - 내부저항성분Vbat = Emf-Capacitor Components-Internal Resistance Components
이때 캐패시터 성분은 충전초기에 배터리에 유입되는 충전전류를 나타내는 성분으로 도 3의 빗금친 부분에 해당되는데, 이는 하이브리드 자동차, 전기자동차, 구난정 등과 같이 배터리를 사용하는 충 방전시스템에서 볼 때 무시할 수 있는 SOC 사용범위로 판단되어 도 4의 배터리 내부저항만을 포함하는 전기적 등가회로를 배터리 모델로 사용하였다. 여기서 도 5,7는 충 방전시에 화학반응에 의한 분극 전압과 일정한 시간이 흐른 후 안정된 개로전압의 관계를 도시한 도면을 나타낸다.At this time, the capacitor component represents the charging current flowing into the battery at the initial stage of charging and corresponds to the hatched portion of FIG. 3, which can be ignored when viewed in a charge and discharge system using a battery such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a rescue boat. Since it is determined that the SOC range is used, an electrical equivalent circuit including only the battery internal resistance of FIG. 4 was used as a battery model. 5 and 7 show a relationship between the polarization voltage due to a chemical reaction during charging and discharging and the stable open circuit voltage after a certain time passes.
이때 배터리의 내부 저항값은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.In this case, the internal resistance value of the battery may be expressed as follows.
[수학식 2]&Quot; (2) "
(단, RC: 충전시 내부저항, RD: 방전시 내부저항, V1: 분극전압, V2: 개로전압, Ibat : 배터리전류)(However, R C : Internal resistance when charging, R D : Internal resistance when discharging, V1: Polarization voltage, V2: Opening voltage, I bat : Battery current)
도 9는 25℃에서 충전시 각각의 전류(25A, 50A, 75A, 100A)에 따른 분극전압과 SOC관계를 나타내는 도면이다.9 is a view showing the polarization voltage and SOC relationship according to each of the current (25A, 50A, 75A, 100A) when charging at 25 ℃.
위의 내부 저항값의 계산식에 의해 분극전압 대비 개로 전압을 계산할 수 있으며, 각각의 온도와 전류의 변화에 따른 OCV-SOC 관계 데이터에 의해 분극전압 대비 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하도록 한 것이다.The open-circuit voltage versus polarization voltage can be calculated by the above formula of internal resistance value, and the remaining battery capacity is compared with the polarization voltage by OCV-SOC relation data according to the change of temperature and current.
이와 같이 구성되는 본 발명의 동작을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described.
우선, 시스템으로 전원이 공급되어 작동하면, 초기 배터리의 잔존용량을 표시하기 위해 초기 파워 온 하였을때 휴지시간(Rest Time)을 판단한다.First, when power is supplied to the system and operated, the rest time is determined when the power is initially turned on to display the remaining capacity of the initial battery.
상기 판단결과 일정시간 즉, 15분 이상 배터리가 사용되지 않은 경우에는 온도별 개로전압(1)을 측정하여 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하고, 상기 판단결과 휴지시간이 일정시간 즉, 15분 이하이면 기존에 저장되어 있는 배터리 잔존용량을 사용하여 표시하는 것이다.If the determination result is that the battery is not used for a predetermined time, that is, 15 minutes or more, the battery residual capacity is estimated by measuring the open circuit voltage (1) for each temperature. The remaining battery capacity is displayed.
다음으로, 개로전압(1)을 이용한 배터리 잔존용량 추정을 설명하면, 우선 부하에 따른 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하기 위하여 충방전 전류에 따른 온도별, 전류별 분극전압(3)을 측정하고, 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압(1)에 따른 내부저항(2)을 앞서 소개한 수학식2에 의해 계산하여 저장한다.Next, the battery residual capacity estimation using the open circuit voltage (1) will be described. First, in order to estimate the battery residual capacity according to the load, the polarized voltage (3) by temperature and current according to the charge / discharge current is measured, and after The
여기서 저장된 관계표를 이용하여 분극전압(3) 대비 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하는 것이다.In this case, the battery remaining capacity is estimated with respect to the
이상에서 본 발명의 배터리 잔존용량 추정방법에 대한 기술사상을 첨부도면과 함께 서술하였지만, 이는 본 발명의 가장 양호한 실시 예를 예시적으로 설명한 것이지 본 발명을 한정하는 것은 아니다.Although the technical idea of the method for estimating the remaining battery capacity of the present invention has been described with the accompanying drawings, this is illustrative of the best embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.
따라서 이 기술분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자이면 누구나 본 발명의 기술사상의 범위를 이탈하지 않는 범위 내에서 치수 및 모양 그리고 구조 등의 다양한 변형 및 모방할 수 있음은 명백한 사실이며 이러한 변형 및 모방은 본 발명의 기술 사상의 범위에 포함된다.Accordingly, it is a matter of course that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. And are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
1 : 개로전압 2 : 내부저항
3 : 분극전압 4 : 배터리 전류1: open circuit voltage 2: internal resistance
3: polarization voltage 4: battery current
Claims (3)
초기 배터리의 잔존용량을 계산하기 위해 초기 파워 온 하였을 때 휴지시간을 판단하여 일정시간 이상으로 배터리가 사용되지 않은 경우 온도별 개로전압을 측정하여 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하고,
상기 휴지시간이 일정시간 이하인 경우에는 저장된 기존의 배터리 잔존용량을 사용하는 것을 특징으로 분극전압과 개로전압을 이용한 배터리 잔존용량 추정하는 방법.In estimating the remaining capacity of the battery,
In order to calculate the remaining capacity of the initial battery, the idle time is determined when the initial power is turned on, and when the battery is not used for a predetermined time or more, the battery residual capacity is estimated by measuring the open circuit voltage for each temperature.
If the idle time is less than a predetermined time, using the existing battery remaining capacity stored, characterized in that the battery residual capacity estimation using the polarization voltage and the open-circuit voltage.
부하에 따라 배터리 잔존용량을 추정하기 위해 충 방전 전류에 따라 온도별 및 전류별 분극전압 측정하고, 안정된 후의 전압인 개로전압 값의 관계에 따른 내부저항을 계산하여 저장하며, 저장된 상기 내부저항을 이용하여 분극전압 대비 잔존용량을 추정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분극전압과 개로전압을 이용한 배터리 잔존용량 추정하는 방법.The method of claim 1, wherein the estimation of the battery remaining capacity,
Measure the polarization voltage by temperature and current according to the charge and discharge current to estimate the battery remaining capacity according to the load, calculate and store the internal resistance according to the relationship of the open-circuit voltage value after stabilization, and use the stored internal resistance And estimating the remaining capacity of the battery using the polarized voltage and the open voltage.
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