KR101209628B1 - Direction finding application using single channel and method thereof - Google Patents
Direction finding application using single channel and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The single channel direction detecting apparatus according to the present invention is a signal of each antenna j (the number minus i from the natural number of j = 1 to n) in a signal received by n (n = natural numbers) antennas forming an antenna array. a phase shifter including m sub-transformers for phase shifting (m = natural numbers) at predetermined angles, and synthesizing the phase shifted signal and the signal of the antenna i (one of the natural numbers from i = 1 to n) And a switching module including a signal synthesizing unit for outputting to the output terminal of the switching unit and a phase switching unit for sequentially connecting each antenna j, and a switching unit for connecting the respective sub-conversion units sequentially for each of the connected antenna j. Direction can be detected.
Description
The present invention relates to a single channel direction detection switching device and a single channel direction detection device and method using the same. More particularly, the signal received from a plurality of antennas by processing a signal received from a plurality of antennas in a single channel of The present invention relates to a switching device for single channel direction detection, and a single channel direction detection device and method using the same, which can reduce the number, improve productivity, and reduce the weight of the entire system by using one receiver.
Direction Finding device is a core device of the ES (Electric Support) equipment that constitutes the electronic warfare system. It is a device to find the direction of radar, which tracks targets using electromagnetic waves, and communication equipment using guided weapons or electromagnetic waves. . The direction information obtained from the direction detecting apparatus is largely used for two purposes. First, it is used as pre-processing data of signal processor to improve the efficiency of signal analysis in case of many signals. Second, it is used as information to select the direction of arrival of transmission device used in EA (Electronic Attack) equipment. To enable effective jamming.
Direction detection methods include rotation direction detection methods, amplitude comparison methods, phase comparison methods, and amplitude-phase comparison complex methods, and different methods are used according to a purpose, a purpose, and an installation structure. In addition, a communication direction finding unit for detecting the direction of radio waves of shortwave (HF), ultrahigh frequency (VHF), and ultrahigh frequency (UHF) according to the range of the electromagnetic wave received, and an electromagnetic wave that receives radio waves in the microwave band. It can be classified as an electronic DF device. In the short-wave (HF) band, amplitude comparison is generally used. In the short-wave (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands, the phase comparison method is generally used. Correlation Vector Direction Finding algorithm is used.
The present invention provides a single channel direction detection apparatus and method for detecting a direction using a single channel direction detection switching device and a single channel direction detection switching device to process a signal received from a plurality of antennas in a single channel. will be.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Other objects, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, It will be possible.
In order to achieve the above object, the switching device for detecting a single channel direction according to the present invention includes i in each antenna j (j = 1 to n in natural numbers) in a signal received by n (n = natural numbers) antennas forming an antenna array. A phase shifter including m sub-transformers for phase-shifting the signal of (a) except for m) (m = natural number) to m predetermined angles; A signal synthesizing unit for synthesizing the phase-converted signal and a signal of an antenna i (one of natural numbers from i = 1 to n) to one output terminal; And a switching unit which sequentially connects the respective antennas j to the phase shifter and sequentially connects the respective detailed converters to each of the connected antennas j.
In this case, the antenna array may be formed in a circular array of the n antennas at equal intervals.
Here, n may satisfy 5 or more within a range of 9 or less.
In addition, m is 4, and the predetermined angle may be 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees.
In addition, the output signal of the phase shifter may satisfy the following equation.
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
Here, the output signal of the signal synthesizing unit may satisfy the following equation.
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
The switching unit may include: a first switching unit sequentially connecting the antennas j to the phase shifter; And a second switching unit sequentially connecting the sub-conversion unit one by one for each of the connected antennas j.
In this case, the switching unit may further include a third switching unit connecting the antenna i to the signal synthesis unit.
On the other hand, the single channel direction detection apparatus according to the present invention is installed in close proximity to the antenna array formed of n (n = natural number) antennas, each antenna j (j in the signal received by the n (n = natural number) antennas A phase shifter including m sub-transformers for converting a signal of a natural number from = 1 to n, except for i), to m (m = natural numbers) at predetermined angles, and the phase-converted signal and antenna i ( and sequentially connecting the respective antennas j to a signal synthesizing unit and a phase shifter for synthesizing a signal of one of natural numbers i = 1 to n) and outputting it to one output terminal, and for each of the connected antennas j A switching module having a switching unit for sequentially connecting the conversion unit; A phase difference calculator configured to calculate a phase difference between the antenna j and the antenna i using the output signal of the signal synthesizer; and a direction of arrival angle estimator which estimates the angle of arrival of the signals received by the n antennas using the calculated phase difference Detection unit; And searching for the presence or absence of signals received by the n antennas, and if the received signal is present, grasp the frequency of the searched signal necessary for the angle of arrival, and transmit the frequency to the direction detecting unit. And a signal searcher for driving the detector.
At this time, the signal output from the switching module
Meanwhile, in the single channel direction detection method according to the present invention, a signal of each antenna j (the number minus i from the natural number of j = 1 to n) in a signal received with n (n = natural numbers) antennas forming an antenna array. Sequentially converting m into m (m = natural numbers) predetermined angles; Synthesizing the sequentially phase shifted signal and the signal of antenna i (one of natural numbers from i = 1 to n); Calculating a phase difference between antenna j and antenna i using the synthesized signal; And estimating the angle of arrival of the received signal using the calculated phase difference and the frequency of the received signal.
In this case, the phase shifting step may be performed by the following equation.
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
Here, the signal synthesis step may be performed by the following equation.
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
Further, when m is 4 and θ is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees, the phase difference
In addition, the angle of arrival estimating takes the cos and sin to the phase difference
In addition, in order to solve the ambiguity of the atan function in the phase difference calculation step, the angle of arrival estimating may be divided into two cases where π is not added and π is added to each calculated phase difference, and a total of 2 n-1 correlation coefficients is obtained. , And an angle corresponding to the largest value among the correlation coefficients may be estimated as the angle of arrival.
In addition,
As described above, the switching device for detecting a single channel direction according to the present invention phase shifts each signal received from a plurality of antennas, and then synthesizes the signals received from a reference antenna and sequentially outputs the signals through a single output line. This allows single channel direction detection.
In particular, by using a single output line it is possible to reduce the number of cables and the number of receivers connecting the antenna means and the direction detecting means compared to the multi-channel can improve the overall productivity of the system can be reduced in weight.
In addition, it is possible to provide a single channel direction detection apparatus for estimating the angle of arrival of a received signal (electromagnetic wave) by using an output signal of the switching device for single channel direction detection.
The single channel direction detection apparatus of the present invention can secure the direction detection accuracy comparable to the multi channel direction detection system by integrating / using the correlation vector direction detection method.
In addition, we can mitigate sensitivity to direction detection ambiguity by proposing a new algorithm that removes the ambiguity of single channel direction detection.
1 is a block diagram showing a switching device for detecting a single channel direction related to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a single channel direction detection device related to the present invention.
3 is a flow chart illustrating a single channel direction detection method associated with the present invention.
4 is a schematic diagram showing a baseline centered on a reference antenna in antennas arranged in a circle;
5 is a schematic diagram showing an ambiguity tree of a single channel direction detection device related to the present invention.
Hereinafter, a single channel direction detection switching device and a single channel direction detection device and method using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a block diagram showing a switching device for detecting a single channel direction related to the present invention.
The switching device for detecting a single channel direction shown in FIG. 1 includes a
The
The output signal of the phase shifter is specifically calculated by the following equation (1).
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
θ exists by the number of m. For example, when m = 4, θ may be 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees. In this case, the phase converter includes a 0 degree detail converter, a 90 degree detail converter, a 180 degree detail converter, and a 270 degree detail converter to output four phase-converted signals through Equation 2 through each detail converter. do.
This operation is performed on the signal of each antenna j, and the result is calculated by the switching unit at a temporary point and input to the signal synthesis unit.
For reference, the antenna j is an antenna excluding one antenna i, which is a reference of a formula, to be described later among the n antennas. Therefore, when n = 9 and i = 1, antenna j becomes antenna 2 through antenna 9. At this time, the signal of each antenna j is phase-shifted m times by each sub-conversion unit.
The antenna array may be formed by circularly arranging n antennas at equal intervals. In this case, five to nine antennas may be arranged for direction detection. That is, n may be determined from a natural number satisfying 5 or more within a range of 9 or less.
The
Antenna i is an antenna that receives a signal as a reference when calculating a phase difference. The antenna i may be selected within n ranges, but it may be difficult to change to another value from the step of starting the phase shift in the phase shifter after being selected. Of course, in the direction detecting device located at the rear end of the switching device for single channel direction detection, it may be changed after the estimation of the angle of arrival is completed.
The output signal of the signal synthesizing unit is specifically calculated by the following equation (3).
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
For example, when m = 4 and θ is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees, four output signals are output for each signal of antenna j as shown in Equation 4 below. The four signals thus calculated by the switching unit are not output at the same time, but only one is output at a time point.
The output of the signal combiner corresponds to the output of the entire switching device for single channel direction detection. In order to detect phase through a single channel, the output stage of the signal synthesizer is composed of one. Since there is only one output terminal of the signal synthesis unit, the data required for the direction detection is transmitted through one output line. In this case, the data necessary for the direction detection is plural. Therefore, a plurality of data transmitted to one output line should be transmitted in a state in which they are separated from each other. For this purpose, the
The
For example, when n = 9, i = 1, m = 4 (θ = 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees), the switching unit sequentially connects antennas 2 to 9 to the phase shifter. First, connect antenna 2 to the phase shifter and then the 0 degree detail converter, then the 90 degree detail converter, then the 180 degree detail converter, and then the 270 degree detail converter. Connect with After that, the antenna 2 is disconnected and the antenna 3 is connected to the phase shifter, and the detail converter is sequentially connected. According to such a switching unit, the phase converting unit processes and outputs only one signal at a time point. The signal synthesizer uses the output signal of the phase shifter as an input signal, and as a result, the signal synthesizer also processes and outputs only one signal at a time point. Therefore, the switching unit ultimately implements a single channel by allowing only one signal to be output at the output terminal of the signal synthesis unit at a temporary point in time. The switching unit connects each antenna j and each sub-converter sequentially, and the 'sequence' may be set by an appointment with the direction detecting apparatus for estimating the angle of arrival at the rear end of the switching device for single channel direction detecting.
According to the configuration of the switching unit, in particular, the first switching unit described later, a reception time difference occurs between the antenna j signals. In other words, when antenna 2, which is one of the antennas j, is connected to the signal synthesis unit by the first switching unit, the other antenna j (j ≠ 2) is not connected to the signal synthesis unit, so that the signal of antenna 2 and antenna j (j ≠ The reception time difference occurs between the signals of 2). However, it was confirmed through experiments that the switching interval is not a big problem because it is several μsec.
Specifically, the switching unit includes a
Meanwhile, the antenna i may be directly connected to the signal synthesis unit. In this case, since it is impossible to change the antenna i, when the necessity of changing the antenna i is expected, the antenna i may also be selected by the switching unit to be connected to the signal synthesis unit. In this case, the switching unit may further include a
The switching device for single channel direction detection described above may implement a single channel by outputting only one antenna signal synthesized with a reference antenna signal at a time point after phase conversion using a switching unit. In addition, the number of direction detection receivers as well as the number of cables from the single channel direction detection switching device to the direction detection device located at the rear end can be reduced, which is advantageous in light weight and improves productivity.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a single channel direction detection device related to the present invention.
The single channel direction detecting apparatus shown in FIG. 2 calculates a phase difference and estimates the angle of arrival of the signal using the
The
The switching module includes a phase converting unit, a signal synthesizing unit, and a switching unit, and each configuration is the same as that of FIG. 1.
The phase shifter phase-converts a signal of each antenna j (the number of natural numbers from j = 1 to n minus i) from m (n = natural number) antennas to m (m = natural numbers) predetermined angles. M detailed conversion units are provided.
The signal synthesizing unit synthesizes the phase-converted signal and the signal of the antenna i (one of natural numbers i = 1 to n) and outputs them to one output terminal.
The switching unit sequentially connects each antenna j to the phase shift unit, and sequentially connects each sub-conversion unit to each antenna j connected to the phase shift unit.
The
The
That is, the phase difference calculator calculates the phase difference between the antenna j and the antenna i through an atan (argent tangent) operation, and Equation 5 may be proved by Equations 6 and 7 below.
The angle of
The
The switching modules must be driven together when the direction detector is driven. In order to drive the direction detector, there must be a signal received through the antenna, and if necessary, a command for instructing direction detection of the signal must be provided. Therefore, first, it is necessary to check whether there is a signal received through the antenna. A signal search unit is used for this purpose. When the signal is searched by the signal search unit, the direction detection is possible, and thus the signal search unit may drive the switching module and the direction detector. Of course, even if the received signal is searched / acquired according to the setting, the switching module and the direction detector may not be driven until the user further commands.
At least one antenna may be connected to the direction detector to determine whether a direction signal is received by the antenna. In this case, a cable separate from the output line of the switching module is formed. Alternatively, the output line of the switching module may determine whether there is an antenna reception signal. Even when the switching module is not driven, the third switching unit may be configured to be connected to the antenna i (or the antenna i may be fixedly connected to the third switching unit), and the signal synthesis unit may be configured to bypass the input signal of the antenna i at this time. . Of course, the signal synthesizing unit may remain driven at all times. This is because the signal of the antenna i and the output signal of the phase shifter to be synthesized do not exist. However, considering the fact that the signal characteristic of the antenna i may be changed according to the error characteristic of the signal synthesizing itself, a configuration for bypassing the signal synthesizing unit is preferable. There may be additional lines for receiving a command for operating the antenna module from the direction detector, but this is not discussed in the present invention.
Meanwhile, the direction detector may be integrally formed with the switching module or the direction detector.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for detecting a single channel direction according to the present invention, and may be described as an operation of the apparatus for detecting a single channel direction shown in FIG. 2.
The single channel direction detection method shown in FIG. 3 first determines whether there is a signal received from one or more antennas in the n antennas forming the antenna array (S510). When the
From the signals received by the n (n = natural numbers) antennas forming the antenna array, the signals of each antenna j (the number of natural numbers from j = 1 to n minus i) are m (m = natural numbers) at predetermined angles. Phase shift is performed in sequence (S520). The phase shifter may be performed by the phase shifter. For this purpose, the phase shifter may include a number of detailed converters corresponding to the number of preset angles. Since phase shift is sequentially performed, only one phase shifted signal is output at a temporary point.
Phase shift may be specifically performed by the following equation (8).
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
The signal of the phase-converted signal and the antenna i (one of natural numbers from i = 1 to n) are sequentially synthesized (S530). The signal synthesizer is performed by the signal synthesizer, and the synthesized signals are sequentially output by the phase-converted signals sequentially input. That is, the signal output to the signal synthesis unit can be output through a single output terminal and a single cable.
Signal synthesis may be specifically performed by the following equation (9).
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
The phase difference between antenna j and antenna i is calculated using the synthesized signal (S540). The phase difference calculated by the
For example, if m is 4 and θ is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees, the phase difference between antenna j and antenna i
4 is a schematic diagram showing a base line centered on a reference antenna in antennas arranged in a circle. When n = 9 and i = 1, there are a total of eight base lines (a line connecting the antenna and the antenna) centering on antenna 1, which is a reference antenna. The phase difference calculated by Equation 5 is the phase difference of the first and
The angle of arrival of the received signal is estimated using the calculated phase difference and the frequency of the received signal (S550). The parabolic approximation interpolation (S560) performed by the angle of
Looking at the process of estimating the angle of arrival, we take cos and sin on the phase difference between antenna j and antenna i
For example, when n = 9 and i = 1
The phase difference of each base line described above may be expressed as a function of frequency f c , signal strength PA, signal direction θ ij , and distance D ij between antennas. When n = 9 and i = 1, each phase difference may be expressed by Equation 11 below. The signal direction corresponds to the angle of incidence, that is, the angle of arrival.
here,
mea means that it is a measured value and is used to distinguish it from stored which means it is a stored value.
Calculate each phase difference from Equation 11 at Equation 11, take sin and cos, and configure as shown in Equation 12 below.
For all angles of incidence
Equation 13 is stored at k angle intervals
However, since the period is π due to the characteristic of the tan function of Equation 5 used in the phase difference calculation step, the ambiguity of the atan function occurs. In order to solve this problem, a process of obtaining a correlation coefficient by Equation 14 according to the ambiguity tree structure shown in FIG. 5 is repeated. For example, following the ambiguity path of the red path in FIG.
In summary, 2 n-1 correlation coefficients are obtained by dividing π and π to each phase difference calculated in order to solve the ambiguity of the atan function in calculating the phase difference. An angle corresponding to a large value is estimated by the angle of arrival.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the embodiments described above are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.
Applicable to the direction detection device.
In particular, the present invention can be applied to a device for detecting a direction through a single channel.
110.
130 ...
151 ...
155 ...
230 ...
233.Earth angle estimator 250.Signal searcher
Claims (17)
A signal synthesizing unit for synthesizing the phase-converted signal and a signal of an antenna i (one of natural numbers from i = 1 to n) to one output terminal; And
A switching unit including a first switching unit sequentially connecting the respective antennas j to the phase shifter and a second switching unit sequentially connecting the respective sub-conversion units for each of the connected antennas j; Detection switching device.
The antenna array is a switching device for a single channel direction detection, characterized in that the n antennas are formed in a circular arrangement at equal intervals.
The n is a switching device for single channel direction detection, characterized in that to satisfy 5 or more within the range of 9 or less.
M is 4 and the preset angles are 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees.
The output signal of the phase shifter is a single channel direction detection switching device, characterized in that the following equation.
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
The output signal of the signal synthesis unit is a single channel direction detection switching device characterized in that the following equation.
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
The switching unit includes:
And a third switching unit for connecting the antenna i to the signal synthesizing unit.
A phase difference calculator configured to calculate a phase difference between the antenna j and the antenna i using the output signal of the signal synthesizer; and a direction of arrival angle estimator which estimates the angle of arrival of the signals received by the n antennas using the calculated phase difference Detection unit; And
Search for the presence or absence of signals received by the n antennas, and if the received signal is present, detect the frequency of the searched signal required for the angle of arrival and transmit the frequency to the direction detector while detecting the switching module and the direction. A signal search unit driving a unit;
Single channel direction detection device comprising a.
The signal output from the switching module
Synthesizing the sequentially phase shifted signal and the signal of antenna i (one of natural numbers from i = 1 to n);
Calculating a phase difference between antenna j and antenna i using the synthesized signal; And
Estimating the angle of arrival of the received signal using the calculated phase difference and the frequency of the received signal;
Single channel direction detection method comprising a.
The phase shifting step is performed by the following equation.
here,
θ is a preset angle,
SIG j is the signal of antenna j.
The signal synthesis step is performed by the following equation.
here,
sig i is the signal of antenna i.
The phase difference when m is 4 and θ is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees
The angle of arrival estimating takes cos and sin to the phase difference
In order to solve the ambiguity of the atan function in the phase difference calculation step, the angle of arrival estimation obtains a total of 2 n-1 correlation coefficients by dividing the calculated phase difference into a case where π is not added and π is added. And estimating an angle corresponding to the largest value among the correlation coefficients as the angle of arrival.
remind
After the angle of arrival estimation step,
And reducing the error due to the k-angle spacing using parabolic approximation interpolation.
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| KR101420194B1 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2014-07-30 | 한남대학교 산학협력단 | An Improved High Resolution DOA Estimation Method for Correlated Multiple Signals in Correlated Antenna Noises Environment |
| KR101524793B1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2015-06-03 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Apparatus and method for estimating direction of arrival using array antenna |
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| JP2007139521A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-06-07 | Canon Inc | Array antenna device |
| KR100963233B1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-06-10 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Beam steering system of phased array antenna using frequency |
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| JP2007139521A (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-06-07 | Canon Inc | Array antenna device |
| KR100963233B1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-06-10 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | Beam steering system of phased array antenna using frequency |
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