KR101189288B1 - Solar cell and manufacturing method of the same - Google Patents

Solar cell and manufacturing method of the same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101189288B1
KR101189288B1 KR20110006985A KR20110006985A KR101189288B1 KR 101189288 B1 KR101189288 B1 KR 101189288B1 KR 20110006985 A KR20110006985 A KR 20110006985A KR 20110006985 A KR20110006985 A KR 20110006985A KR 101189288 B1 KR101189288 B1 KR 101189288B1
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South Korea
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layer
electrode layer
protective layer
solar cell
light absorbing
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KR20110006985A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20120085569A (en
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조호건
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엘지이노텍 주식회사
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

A solar cell according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate, a light absorbing layer formed on the transparent electrode layer, a back electrode layer formed on the light absorbing layer, and a protective layer formed on the back electrode layer. do.
The invention as described above has the effect of reducing the weight and cost of the solar cell by removing one of the two conventional glass substrates.

Description

SOLAR CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME

The embodiment relates to a solar cell and a solar cell manufacturing method.

In general, solar cells serve to convert solar energy into electrical energy and are widely used commercially as the demand for energy increases recently.

Conventional solar cells have a structure formed by sequentially stacking a lower substrate, a back electrode layer, a light absorbing layer, a transparent electrode layer, and an upper substrate, and in particular, the lower substrate and the upper substrate are made of tempered glass, so that the durability and impact resistance of the solar cell are increased. To secure.

Recently, solar cells are required to have high efficiency, light weight, and cost reduction. However, the structure of the conventional solar cell using two glass substrates causes a problem of reducing cost and weight.

Embodiments provide a structure of a solar cell that achieves weight reduction and cost reduction.

A solar cell according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate, a light absorbing layer formed on the transparent electrode layer, a back electrode layer formed on the light absorbing layer, and a protective layer formed on the back electrode layer. do.

In addition, a method of manufacturing a solar cell according to an embodiment includes preparing a substrate, forming a transparent electrode layer on the substrate, forming a light absorbing layer on the transparent electrode layer, and on the light absorbing layer Forming a back electrode layer, and forming a protective layer on the back electrode layer.

Solar cell according to an embodiment has the effect of reducing the weight and cost of the solar cell by removing one of the two substrates.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar cell according to the present invention.
2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a protective layer according to the present invention.
3 and 4 are cross-sectional views showing a back sheet according to the present invention. And
5 to 12 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a solar cell according to the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments, each panel, wiring, battery, device, surface, or pattern is formed on or under the "on" of each pattern, wiring, battery, surface, or pattern. In the case described, "on" and "under" include both those that are formed "directly" or "indirectly" through other components. In addition, the upper or lower reference of each component is described with reference to the drawings. The size of each component in the drawings may be exaggerated for the sake of explanation and does not mean the size actually applied.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar cell according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a protective layer according to the present invention, Figures 3 and 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a back sheet according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a solar cell according to the present invention includes a substrate 100, a transparent electrode layer 200 formed on the substrate 100, a light absorbing layer 400 formed on the transparent electrode layer 200, A back electrode layer 500 formed on the light absorbing layer 400 and a protective layer 600 formed on the back electrode layer 500 are included. Here, the buffer layer 300 may be further included between the transparent electrode layer 200 and the light absorbing layer 400.

The substrate 100 may be formed of transparent glass in a plate shape. The substrate 100 may be rigid or flexible, and a substrate made of plastic or metal may be used in addition to the glass substrate. In addition, a soda lime glass substrate including a sodium component may be used as the substrate 100.

The transparent electrode layer 200 may be a conductive material having a transparent shape, and may be made of an AZO (ZnO: Al) material, which is zinc oxide doped with aluminum. Of course, the material of the transparent electrode layer 200 is not limited thereto and includes any one material of zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and indium tin oxide (ITO), which are materials having high light transmittance and high electrical conductivity. Can be formed.

The buffer layer 300 is directly contacted on the transparent electrode layer 200, and serves to alleviate the energy gap difference between the transparent electrode layer 200 and the back electrode layer 500 to be described later.

The buffer layer 300 may be formed of a material including cadmium sulfide (CdS), and the energy band gap may be about the size of the transparent electrode layer 200 and the back electrode layer 500 forming the semiconductor. The buffer layer 300 may be formed of two or more layers, and may be configured to have a multilayer by further forming a high resistance buffer layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) on cadmium sulfide.

The light absorbing layer 400 is formed on the buffer layer 300. The light absorbing layer 400 may include a group I-III-VI compound, and may be formed of at least one of CIGS, CIS, CGS, and CdTe. For example, the light absorbing layer 400 may include CdTe, CuInSe 2, Cu (In, Ga) Se 2, Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S) 2, Ag (InGa) Se 2, Cu (In, Al) Se 2, CuGaSe 2 It may be made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of.

The back electrode layer 500 is formed on the light absorbing layer 400. Molybdenum (Mo) may be used as the back electrode layer 500.

Of course, the back electrode layer 500 may be formed of any one of conductive materials other than molybdenum such as nickel (Ni), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu). It may be formed to form two or more layers using the same or different metals.

Meanwhile, the protective layer 600 according to the present invention is formed on the back electrode layer 500. The protective layer 600 protects the solar cell from mechanical shock and pressure from the outside and at the same time serves to prevent the penetration of moisture from the outside.

As shown in FIG. 2, the protective layer 600 according to the present invention includes a first protective layer 620 and a second protective layer 640. The first protective layer 620 may be an EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate) sheet having excellent adhesion to the back electrode layer 500.

The first protective layer 620 may be formed in a rectangular plate shape to completely cover one surface of the back electrode layer 500, and the thickness T1 may be 0.3 mm or less.

Conventionally, by forming a polymer layer on the back electrode layer to prevent external impact and moisture penetration. The polymer layer is easily damaged even by a small external shock, and moisture is penetrated into the solar cell, which causes a problem of lowering photoelectric conversion efficiency.

In order to solve this problem, the polymer layer was formed with a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5mm to secure reliability such as prevention of moisture intrusion. Surface damage still occurred.

On the other hand, since the first protective layer 620 of the present invention does not need the reliability application required in the prior art, its thickness can be sufficiently reduced, and has a thickness of 0.3 mm or less only for securing the adhesive force with the back electrode layer 500. Can be formed.

Therefore, the first protective layer 620 may protect the solar cell and at the same time have a thinning effect.

Although the first protective layer 620 is formed in a rectangular plate shape in the above, the present invention is not limited thereto and may be formed to correspond to the shape of the solar cell.

The second passivation layer 640 is further formed on the first passivation layer 620. The second passivation layer 640 is formed to cover the entire upper portion of the first passivation layer 620, and the thickness T2 of the second passivation layer 640 is 1 of the thickness T1 of the first passivation layer 620. It is preferable to form less than / 2.

As shown in FIG. 3, the second passivation layer 640 may be formed to have a plurality of stacked structures, and specifically, may have a stacked structure of three layers. That is, the second protective layer 640 may be used by sequentially stacking fluororesin-based polyvinyl fluoride (PVF, 642), polyethylene terephthalate-based film (PET, 644), and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF, 642). have.

The PVF film 642 has excellent resistance to heat, moisture, and the like from the outside, and the PET film 644 has an effect of ensuring dimensional stability. Therefore, as described above, when the PET film 644 is disposed on the intermediate layer to form the second protective layer 640 to suppress external exposure, the external protective layer and the moisture permeation of the solar cell together with the first protective layer 620 are prevented. There is an effect that can be prevented.

Although the PVF film 642 is used as the fluorine resin, polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF), a thermoplastic fluorine resin film (THV), and the like may be used in addition to the PVF film. Can be used.

In the above, the second protective layer 640 uses a multilayer structure of PVF film 642-PET film 644-PVF film 642, but is not limited thereto and may be configured as follows.

As shown in FIG. 4, the second protective layer 640 has a structure in which an EVA film 646, a PET film 644, and a fluororesin-based THV film 648 are sequentially stacked.

Here, the lowermost layer of the second protective layer 640 is composed of an EVA film, which can secure the adhesiveness of the portion in contact with the first protective layer 620. That is, since the EVA film has excellent adhesiveness, when the lowermost layer of the second protective layer 640 is formed of an EVA film, it has an effect of protecting the solar cell for a long time.

In the above, although the THV film 648 is used as the best layer of the second protective layer 640, the present invention is not limited thereto, and PVF, PVDF, and the like may be used. Preferably, films of various materials of fluorine resin series may be used. have.

As described above, the solar cell according to the present invention is different from the laminated structure by removing any one of the two conventional substrates, and forming a protective layer to protect the back, thereby protecting the solar cell at the same time, cost reduction, thinning There is an effect that can be achieved.

Although the second protective layer 640 is formed in a multi-layer structure, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the second protective layer 640 may be formed of any one or two layers of the fluororesin-based film and the PET film. Moreover, it can also form in four or more layers by combining these.

In addition, in the above, although the protective layer is formed of the first protective layer 620 and the second protective layer 640 having a multilayer structure, the present invention is not limited thereto and includes only the first protective layer 620 or the second protective layer 640. Can be.

In addition, although the second protective layer 640 is formed after the first protective layer 620 is formed, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the second protective layer 640 is formed, and the first protective layer 620 is formed thereon. Of course it can form.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a solar cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 5 to 12 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a solar cell according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the substrate 100 is provided, a step of forming the transparent electrode layer 200 on one surface of the substrate 100 is performed. The transparent electrode layer 200 is deposited by the sputtering process AZO, it may be deposited to a thickness of 2㎛ to 4㎛.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 6, the first laser L1 having a specific wavelength, for example, a wavelength band of 200 to 600 nm, is projected under the substrate 100. The first patterning process P1 is performed on the transparent electrode layer 200. From this, the transparent electrode layer 200 may be divided into a plurality.

Although the first laser L1 is projected from the lower portion of the substrate 100 in the above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first laser L1 may be projected from the upper portion of the transparent electrode layer 200. In addition, the transparent electrode layer 200 may be divided into a plurality of pieces by using a sharp member such as a knife in addition to the laser scribing method.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7, the buffer layer 300 and the light absorbing layer 400 are formed on the transparent electrode layer 200. The buffer layer 300 may be formed by depositing cadmium sulfide by a sputtering process or a chemical bath deposition (CBD). In addition, the light absorbing layer 400 may be formed by depositing a CIGS-based compound by a simultaneous deposition method.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8, a second patterning process P2 is performed by projecting a second laser L2 having a specific wavelength, for example, 800 to 1100 nm wavelength band, from the lower portion of the substrate 100. From this, the buffer layer 300 and the light absorbing layer 400 may be divided into a plurality.

Although the second laser L2 is projected from the bottom of the substrate 100 in the above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the second laser L2 may be projected from the top of the light absorbing layer 400. In addition, the buffer layer 300 and the light absorbing layer 400 may be divided into a plurality of pieces by using a sharp member such as a knife in addition to the laser scribing method.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the step of forming the back electrode layer 500 on the light absorbing layer 400 is performed. The back electrode layer 500 may be deposited at a predetermined thickness, for example, 0.5 μm to 1.2 μm, by Mo sputtering process.

As described above, when the deposition of the back electrode layer 500 is finished, as shown in FIG. 10, the third laser L3 having a specific wavelength, for example, 900 to 1100 nm wavelength band, is projected under the substrate 100. 3 patterning process (P3) is performed. From this, the back electrode layer 500, the light absorbing layer 400, and the buffer layer 300 may be divided into a plurality of parts. Here, although the third laser L3 is projected from the lower portion of the substrate 100, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the third laser L3 may be projected from the upper portion of the back electrode layer 500.

Subsequently, the protective layers 620 and 640 according to the present invention are formed. As illustrated in FIG. 11, an EVA film, which is the first protective layer 620, is attached to the upper surface of the back electrode layer 500 by using a laminating method. Here, the EVA film is attached at a temperature of 100 degrees to 150, and may be attached to the back electrode layer 500 using a laminating adhesive.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12, the second protective layer 640 is formed on the first protective layer 620. The second protective layer 640 may be formed in a multi-layered structure and may be manufactured in advance by a laminating method.

The second protective layer 640 manufactured as described above may be adhered to the first protective layer using a laminating method, for example, using a laminating adhesive at a temperature of 100 degrees to 100 degrees.

Although the first protective layer 620 and the second protective layer 640 are formed by the laminating method in the above, the material of the first protective layer 620 and the second protective layer 640 is not limited thereto. May be deposited.

As described above, when the first protective layer 620 and the second protective layer 640 are formed on the back electrode layer 500, the manufacturing method of the solar cell is completed.

As described above, the solar cell according to the present invention may perform the scribing process by projecting the laser from the lower part of the substrate by disposing the back electrode layer on the top. This can ensure the freedom of the process position compared to the prior art.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood that various modifications and applications are possible. For example, each component specifically shown in the embodiments can be modified and implemented. It is to be understood that all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

100 substrate 200 transparent electrode layer
300: buffer layer 400: light absorbing layer
500: back electrode layer 620: first protective layer
640: second protective layers P1, P2, P3: patterning process

Claims (11)

Board;
A transparent electrode layer formed on the substrate;
A light absorbing layer formed on the transparent electrode layer;
A back electrode layer formed on the light absorbing layer;
A protective layer of EVA material formed on the back electrode layer; And
A second protective layer is formed on the protective layer,
The second protective layer is a solar cell formed by sequentially stacking a PVF film, PET film, PVF film. The method according to claim 1,
The thickness of the protective layer is less than 0.3mm solar cell. delete delete delete delete Providing a substrate;
Forming a transparent electrode layer on the substrate;
Forming a light absorbing layer on the transparent electrode layer;
Forming a back electrode layer on the light absorbing layer;
Forming a protective layer on the back electrode layer; And,
Sequentially stacking a PVF film, a PET film, and a PVF film on the protective layer to form a second protective layer;
≪ / RTI > The method of claim 7,
The protective layer is a solar cell manufacturing method formed by lining to include any one of an EVA film, a fluororesin film, PET film. The method of claim 7,
A first patterning step of dividing the transparent electrode layer into a plurality, a second patterning step of dividing the light absorbing layer into a plurality, and a third patterning process of dividing the back electrode layer and a light absorbing layer into a plurality of . The method according to claim 9,
The first patterning process to the third patterning process is a solar cell manufacturing method performed by projecting a laser on the lower portion of the substrate. The method of claim 10,
The laser is a solar cell manufacturing method for performing the first patterning process to the third patterning process by different wavelengths.
KR20110006985A 2011-01-24 2011-01-24 Solar cell and manufacturing method of the same KR101189288B1 (en)

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KR102319296B1 (en) * 2019-06-05 2021-10-29 (주)피브이스타일 Solar Cell Module and The Fabrication Method of The Same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003115598A (en) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-18 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Optical electromotive device and manufacturing method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003115598A (en) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-18 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Optical electromotive device and manufacturing method

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