KR101165186B1 - Method and apparatus for collecting and removing fouling material in gasification system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Method and apparatus for collecting and removing fouling materials from a gasifying system are provided to convert slag formed in a compact structure into a soft structure to be easily collected, and to detach the slag. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for collecting and removing fouling materials from a gasifying system comprises the following: a fouling material collecting device(200) storing gas generated from a gasifier heat-decomposing carbonaceous or organic raw materials, and mixing drugs for collecting and removing the fouling materials; a fouling material discharging unit(270) discharging slag and the fouling materials collected on the bottom of the fouling material collecting device; a reactor main body(210) for the fouling material collecting device; and a drug mixing unit(230) mixing a reforming drug for softening the property of the fouling materials when the gas is inserted into the reactor main body.

Description

Method and apparatus for collecting and removing fouling material in gasification system

The present invention relates to a method for capturing and removing fouling material in a gasification system. The gasification system can be operated by direct combustion heating or indirect combustion heating. The invention also relates to an apparatus for trapping and removing fouling material in a gasification system and a gasification system comprising the apparatus.

Rising fossil fuel prices, the demand for sustainable energy use, and geopolitical factors such as instability in oil producing countries, regional ubiquity in fossil fuels, and climate change are driving global We are promoting as a growth engine. Among them, we are developing synthetic gasification technologies such as coal gasification, biomass, waste, and petroleum residue. Syngasification technology refers to a technique for producing flammable syngas from a wide variety of carbonaceous materials or organic materials called so-called feedstocks.

When comparing syngas with fossil fuels, it is possible to produce electricity from advanced gas fuels while significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions, to be used in a variety of industries as energy sources, and to easily convert to other chemical raw materials.

Moreover, most of the feedstock used for syngas production can be recycled and used for resources that can be continuously supplied by organic methods or synthetic methods.

In general, the main components of a gasification system for producing syngas are shown schematically in FIG. 1. The gasification system to syngas can produce syngas from various types of feedstock as described above, the gasifier 100 being heated by direct heating or indirect combustion heating by a heating device 70, and a gasifier A raw material supply device 50 for supplying the raw material to the raw material 100, a heat exchanger 110 for recovering waste heat while cooling the gas generated by being dried in the gasifier 100, and a purification device for reforming and cleaning the generated gas. It consists of 120. Such devices may be implemented separately in one or more devices. It may also be provided with a feedstock continuous feeder and one or more dust collectors or a plurality of heat exchangers.

In the above, the raw material supply device 50 is configured to guide various types of feedstocks capable of producing syngas to a gasification system. As a 'feedstock', biomass (eg, wood, rice straw, rice husk, corn) Raw material with a constant carbon conversion content, such as large (corn husk), palm husk), industrial and domestic waste, coal tar in steel mills, petroleum coke, coal dry residue, and low quality fossil fuels ( carbonaceous feedstocks may be used.

However, there is an unavoidable problem in this syngasification, which is Fe ₂ 0 in the combustion or heating process of materials, such as Fe, Ca, Cas, Mg, Na, K, Si, Ti, SOx, V, etc. ₃ , CaO, CaSO ₄ , MgO, Na ₂ O, Na ₂ SO ₄ , K ₂ O, 6SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , SO ₃ , V ₂ O _5, and the like. The fouling material moves together with the synthesis gas, which is a product gas, and when it encounters a low temperature section, is liquefied and solidified, thereby causing various problems or obstacles. That is, these fouling materials generated with syngas in the direct or indirect dry distillation of the feedstock are slag in the hot and cold zones as they pass through the heat exchanger in the system. These slag fouling materials are attached to pipes or devices and attached to pipes (tubes) or waste heat recovery devices to close or corrode pipes (tubes), making the system inoperable and thus removing such slag. In order to do this, continuous operation of the system is impossible. Such slag is stopped and physically removed by the system. These slags are made of tight combination of dense structure, which makes it difficult to remove the system, which reduces the operational efficiency of the system.

Recently, the fouling time is somewhat delayed by differently arranging the piping (tube) arrangement of the waste heat recovery apparatus by using the instantaneous cooling method by water quenching the hot gas containing the adhesion substance. In some cases, a large amount of heat loss and economical degradation caused by a large amount of wastewater treatment are problematic.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, the apparatus for collecting and removing the fouling material in the gasification system that is easy to capture and detach the slag by converting the slag made of a tight coupling of the compact structure into a soft slag To provide that purpose.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for converting and removing a slag made of a solid bond of a dense structure, which is a deadly attachment in a direct combustion and waste heat recovery apparatus such as biomass, into a soft slag.

The present invention for achieving the above object in the gasification system, to mix the chemicals for accommodating the generated gas emitted from the gasifier for heating and pyrolyzing the raw material consisting of carbonaceous material or organic material to capture and remove the fouling material And a fouling material collecting device, wherein the collecting device includes a reactor body and a fouling material discharge means for discharging the slag and the fouling material collected under the reactor body, and the generated gas is introduced into the reactor body. And a chemical mixer for mixing the modified chemical to change the fouling material into a soft property, and supplying cooling air (or cooling water, hereinafter referred to as cooling air) for lowering the temperature of the generated gas. It is equipped with a screen tube arranged with the tube device through which the feeder and the cooling air supplied are concentrated In the gasification system, it characterized in that the ulring material collected on the screen tube is a device for removing and collecting the fouling materials.

The fouling material removing apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration is performed in the following steps and a method of removing the fouling material is performed.

A fouling material collecting device configured to receive a product gas discharged from a gasifier and to mix chemicals for capturing and removing fouling material, and introducing the generated gas into the collecting device; Mixing a reforming agent with the product gas to change a substance into a soft property; Supplying cooling air into the fouling material collecting device to lower the temperature of the generated gas; Desorbing the fouling material; And discharging the fouling material. A method of collecting and removing the fouling material is realized.

According to the apparatus for collecting and removing fouling material in the gasification system according to the present invention, by easily collecting and removing the fouling material from the gasification process to be slag in the high and low temperature region in the system to close the pipe or the device or Corrosive problems can be solved and the system can be operated stably and continuously.

In addition, the collection device can be used to omit existing dust collectors or to perform necessary functions even with a small device.

1 is a view schematically showing the main components of a general gasification system.
2 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a gasification system including a fouling material collecting device according to the present invention.
3 is a view schematically showing the structure of the fouling material collecting device provided in the system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a method and apparatus for collecting and removing a fouling material in a gasification system for preparing a carbonaceous feedstock according to the present invention by syngas will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In describing the embodiments according to the present invention, a general configuration required for the gasification system will not be described in detail, and will be described based on the characteristic components of the present invention.

2 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a gasification system including a fouling material collecting device according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fouling material collecting device provided in the system of the present invention.

The fouling material collecting device 200 according to the present invention is installed between the gasifier 100 and the heat exchanger 110 in which the syngas is generated in the conventional gasification system. It is to allow the fouling material to be collected before going to the heat exchange device 110 or the gas reforming or purification device. The raw material is supplied from the raw material supply device 50 and the gasifier 100 is shut off by the heating device 70 to be heated at a high temperature in an anoxic non-combustion state to generate syngas. At this time, the fouling material is generated together with the synthesis gas and moves to a high temperature vapor state. When the heat exchange is performed in the heat exchanger 110, the temperature is relatively low, the liquid is changed into a liquid phase, and the slag is solidified. . Even in the reforming and refining device 120, which operates at a relatively lower temperature or where heat exchange takes place, the fouling material may stick to the device to corrode or close the device.

In order to collect and remove such fouling material in advance, the apparatus according to the present invention enters the heat exchanger 110 in which the generated gas from the gasifier 100 performs the product gas cooling and waste heat air heat exchanger or heat recovery process. Before passing through the fouling material collecting device 200.

The fouling material collecting device 200 according to the present invention, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, allows the product gas from the gasifier to be introduced into the reactor body 210 of the fouling material collecting device 200. Cooling air is blown by the cooling air supplier 220 into the reactor body 210 to cool the generated gas. The reactor body 210 for collecting fouling material may be installed instead of or separately or by using a heat exchanger, a refining device, or a heat for superheated steam for capturing fouling material. It may be used instead of the reactor body. In this case, the main body such as a heat exchanger may be a reactor main body for collecting the fouling material, and a discharge means for discharging the fouling material collected thereunder may be provided. Whatever form is used, it will be referred to collectively as a collecting device and a reactor body. The cooling air supplier 220 cools the generated gas so that the fouling material is easily collected.

When the fouling material moves from a high temperature to a vapor state and comes to a relatively low temperature region, the fouling material is easily changed into a liquid phase and changed into a slag or fouling state. This fouling material is used to capture the fouling material. The gas generated from the gasifier 100 is continuously cooled before it reaches the heat exchanger 110 or the refining apparatus 120, which is the main apparatus, to collect more than 90% of the fouling material. The fouling material collecting device 200 may be arranged side by side in two or more stages in series or parallel if necessary. In the gasification process, the heat exchanger 110 is located directly in the gasifier 100 to recover waste heat, and in the apparatus in which direct combustion and waste heat recovery are performed at the same time, these devices can be used as a collecting device to serve all the above processes. The facility can be configured to collect and remove fouling material once or in multiple stages to maintain a clean waste heat recovery system at all times.

In order to capture the fouling material in the product gas is provided with a chemical mixer 230 for injecting and mixing the product gas. This chemical is intended to soften the fouling material so that it can be easily detached. A medicine mixer 230 for injecting a medicine for smoothly modifying the fouling material, the medicine injector module 232, a medicine injector 234, and a medicine mixing chamber 236. The modified drug for modifying the fouling material is metered in the drug injecting module 232 to inject the quantitative amount into the drug mixing chamber 236 by the drug injector 234 to be mixed with the generated gas. The chemical mixer 230 may be installed in the reactor body 210 or may be provided at the front end of the reactor body 210.

Chemicals for gently modifying the fouling material may be used in various forms based on magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium hydroxide {Mg (OH) ₂ }. In other words, magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium hydroxide {Mg (OH) ₂ } is 5 to 99% by weight, and in order to facilitate the injection and to prevent corrosion by adding a predetermined appropriate additives as necessary to be injected into the drug. Can be. In addition, a drug capable of softening the fouling material may be used in the fouling material removing apparatus according to the present invention. The mixing of these modifying agents causes the tissue to turn into a soft material that is easy to detach without forming slabs of dense, rigid structure when the fouling material is cooled.

In the reactor body 210, a screen tube 240 in which the tube device through which the cooling air supplied through the cooling air supplier 220 passes is densely arranged is installed. When cooling air passes through the screen tube 240, the fouling material is cooled and collected in the screen tube 240 in which a plurality of collecting tubes are disposed. The collected fouling material is softened by the modified chemical, and thus can be easily detached and discharged.

A sound wave generator 250 and a vibrator 260 are provided to desorb the fouling material collected on the screen tube 240 in which a plurality of collecting tubes are disposed. The sound wave generator 250 generates sound waves resonating with the vibration frequency of the fouling material and the screen tube 240 in which the fouling material is collected so that the fouling material is desorbed. Along with this or alternatively, a vibrator 260 is provided to vibrate the screen tube 240 so that the fouling material can be detached. The acoustic wave generator 250 generates an acoustic wave having low energy and high energy by using compressed air to resonate a collecting pipe to which a fouling material is attached, thereby allowing the fouling material to be detached from the collecting pipe. cleaner).

Collected fouling material is collected in the lower portion of the reactor body 210 is discharged to the outside through the fouling material discharge means 270. At least one air lock discharge device 272 is provided to discharge in a gastight state so as to discharge only the collected fouling material without discharging the generated gas. In addition, at least one rotary valve 274 is provided to maintain the airtight state. The fouling material passing through the airlock discharge device 272 and the rotary valve 274 is discharged to the outside by the screw discharge device (276). The fouling material discharging means 270 operates to operate the airlock discharge device 272, the rotary valve 274, and the screw discharge device 276 in conjunction with each other so that only the fouling material can be discharged while the gas is not discharged. It is. That is, the upper air lock discharge device 272 is opened to drop the fouling material, and then the air lock discharge device 272 is closed. Then, the rotary valve 274 is rotated to send the fouling material downward to open the air lock discharge device 272 below so as to be discharged to the outside by the screw discharge device 276. Various modifications for discharging the fouling material in the airtight state can be easily considered and such modifications do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, it is preferable to provide a high pressure water injector 280 capable of injecting high pressure water into the reactor main body 210, in particular, the screen tube 240, for long periods of shutdown or maintenance. The high pressure water injector 280 may be provided with, for example, a pump and a spray nozzle, and may be usefully used to repair or clean the inside of the reactor body 210 on a regular or irregular basis.

The fouling material removing apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration is performed in the following steps and a method of removing the fouling material is performed.

It is provided with a fouling material collecting device 200 is configured to accommodate the product gas discharged from the gasifier 100 and to mix the medicine for collecting and removing the fouling material, the collecting gas 200 And introducing a reforming agent to the product gas to cause the fouling material to be changed into a soft property. Supplying cooling air into the fouling material collecting device 200 to lower the temperature of the generated gas; Desorbing the fouling material; And discharging the fouling material. A method of collecting and removing the fouling material is realized.

In the step of mixing the reformed chemicals into the product gas, magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium hydroxide {Mg (OH) ₂ } is 5 to 99% by weight as a reformed chemical, and an appropriate additive is added and mixed as necessary. have.

By using the fouling material collection removal device or method according to the present invention, it is possible to replace the process in dry or wet equipment which is an essential equipment during the gasification process, so that such equipment does not need to be separated or scaled up if necessary. There is an advantage that can be made small. If the heat recovery boiler or the superheated steam is located immediately after the gasifier exit during the process, it is used as a collecting device, and the location of the injection device for chemicals that softens the attachment substance and facilitates the desorption is the heat recovery boiler or superheat. Located at the front of the steam heat, this heat recovery facility can replace the reactor body described previously.

Since the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings described above properly illustrate the embodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the claims and the accompanying drawings. It is also clarified that it is clear that the apparatus according to the present invention uses additional components as necessary while being included in the scope of the present invention.

50 ----- raw material feeder, 70 ----- heater,
100 ---- gasifier, 110 ----- heat exchanger,
120 ----- refiner, 200 ----- collector,
210 ----- reactor body, 220 ----- cooling air supply,
230 ----- chemical mixer, 240 ----- screen tube,
250 ----- sonic generator, 260 ----- vibrator,
270 ----- drain.

Claims (9)

The fouling material collecting device 200 is configured to contain a product gas emitted from the gasifier 100 for heating and pyrolyzing a carbonaceous material or an organic material and to mix chemicals for collecting and removing the fouling material. The collecting device 200 includes a reactor body 210 and a fouling material discharge means 270 for discharging slag and fouling material collected under the reactor body 210, and the generated gas is the reactor body 210. When introduced into the), having a chemical mixer 230 for mixing the modified chemical to change the fouling material to a soft property, the cooling air supply 220 for supplying cooling air for lowering the temperature of the product gas And a tube device through which the cooling air to be supplied is passed, and the screen tube 240 is arranged to be densely arranged so that the fouling material is collected in the screen tube 240. Device for removing and collecting the fouling material from the gasification system.
The gasification system of claim 1, further comprising a sound wave generator 250 and / or a vibration device 260 for desorbing the fouling material collected in the screen tube 240 by resonance of sound waves. Device for collecting and removing fouling material.
3. The at least one air lock discharge device 272 and at least one rotary valve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fouling material discharging means 270 maintains hermeticity and discharges the fouling material. 274 and a screw discharge device 276, the air lock discharge device 272 and the rotary valve 274 and the screw discharge device 276 work in conjunction with each other while preventing the gas discharged fouling material A device for trapping and removing fouling material in a gasification system, characterized in that it is capable of discharging bays.
According to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drug mixer 230 for mixing the drug for gently modifying the fouling material, the drug mixture for modifying the fouling material in the drug injection module 232 to quantify Apparatus for collecting and removing the fouling material in the gasification system, characterized in that the injection to the drug mixing chamber 236 through the drug injector 234 to be mixed with the product gas.
The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the agent for gently modifying the fouling material is based on magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium hydroxide {Mg (OH) ₂ }, magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium hydroxide { Mg (OH) ₂ } is 5 to 99% by weight, and a predetermined additive is added to the chemical mixing chamber 236 by the chemical mixer 230 to facilitate the injection and to prevent corrosion, thereby generating the generated gas. And trapping and removing fouling material in a gasification system, characterized in that it is adapted to mix with.
According to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a high-pressure water injector 280 capable of injecting high-pressure water for cleaning the inside of the reactor body 210 for a long stop operation or maintenance A device for trapping and removing fouling material in a gasification system.
The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the collecting device for collecting the fouling material 200 is installed separately or instead of or separately, and in addition to reforming the heat exchanger 110 or the generated gas A device for capturing and removing fouling material in a gasification system, characterized in that a purifying device (120) for cleaning and purifying or heat for superheated steam is used as a fouling material collecting device.
It is provided with a fouling material collecting device 200 which is configured to mix the chemicals for accommodating the generated gas emitted from the gasifier 100 and to collect and remove the fouling material, the collecting device 200 is a reactor body ( 210 and a fouling material discharge means 270 for discharging the slag and fouling material collected therein, and when the product gas is introduced into the reactor body 210, the fouling material is soft. And a chemical mixer 230 for mixing the modified chemical to be changed into a mixture, and a cooling air supplier 220 for supplying cooling air for lowering the temperature of the generated gas and a tube device through which the supplied cooling air passes. And a device for collecting and removing the fouling material, wherein the screening tube is disposed so that the fouling material is collected in the screen tube.
It is provided with a fouling material collecting device 200 which is configured to mix the chemicals for receiving the generated gas emitted from the gasifier 100 and to collect, remove the fouling material,
Introducing the product gas into the collecting device (200);
Mixing a reforming agent with the product gas to change the fouling material into a soft property;
Supplying cooling air to lower the temperature of the generated gas;
Desorbing the fouling material; And
Discharging the fouling material; and collecting and removing the fouling material.

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