KR101128515B1 - A generating apparatus with controllable output voltage - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a power generation apparatus capable of adjusting an output voltage to be usable in a system using a plurality of voltages. The present invention includes an alternator for outputting a voltage of one of the first voltage and the second voltage and a rectifier for converting the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first load or the second load, wherein the rectifier is A system using a plurality of voltages by supplying power to the first load when the alternator outputs the first voltage and by supplying power to the second load when the alternator outputs the second voltage To be able to supply power efficiently.

Description

Power generating device regulating output voltage {A generating apparatus with controllable output voltage}

The present invention relates to a power generation device, and more particularly, to a power generation device that can adjust the output voltage to be available in a system using a plurality of voltages.

Passenger vehicle electrical systems have generally used 12V power supplies. Recently, due to the development of various electronic products requiring high voltage, vehicle manufacturers are applying high voltage power systems such as 30V, 36V, 42V. If a vehicle has a load using a conventional 12V power supply and a load using a high voltage power supply such as 36V, a technology that provides two voltages is required.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a power supply system of a vehicle in which a load of 36V and a load of 12V are mixed. Referring to FIG. 1, the automotive power system includes an engine 110, a 36V generator 120, a rectifier 130, a 36V battery 140, a 36V load 150, a DC / DC converter 160, a 12V battery ( 170, and 12V load 180.

In general, the engine 110 is an internal combustion engine that obtains driving power by burning fuel, and the 36V generator 120 is connected to the engine 110 by gears and belts, and the like to convert mechanical energy supplied from the engine into electrical energy. to be. The generator is generally a three phase alternator, but any polyphase alternator can be used.

2 is a view schematically showing an example of a cross-sectional view of a generator. Referring to FIG. 2, a generator generally includes a stator 220 that includes a rotor 210 that includes a permanent magnet or an electromagnet and a coil in which induced electromotive force is generated when the rotor rotates. do. The rotor rotates at a high speed of about 2.5 times the engine speed by the driving force of the engine. In a system in which the rotation speed of the engine is not constant, such as a car, the number of revolutions of the rotor varies depending on the number of revolutions of the engine, so that the output voltage of the generator may change, and thus the electromagnet included in the rotor depends on the number of revolutions of the rotor. The output voltage is kept constant by using the regulator 230 for adjusting the current flowing in the. In general, since the engine speed of a passenger vehicle varies from less than 1000rpm to more than 6000rpm, the range for controlling the current flowing through the electromagnet is also considerably wider. In addition, when the vehicle's electrical load changes significantly out of the generator's rated point, the power generation efficiency is reduced. According to the embodiment, the electromagnet and the permanent magnet may be used together to reduce the magnetic flux leakage of the electromagnet in the stator 220. In addition, unlike the above description, the stator 220 may include an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and the rotor 210 may include a winding in which induced electromotive force is generated.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the rectifier 130 rectifies and converts 36V alternating current output from the 36V generator 120 into 36V DC, and supplies the 36V battery 140 and / or the 36V load 150. For convenience of explanation, the battery and a load other than the battery are separated and described, but in general, the battery may also be viewed as a load of a generator or a rectifier.

The 36V battery 140 is charged by the 36V DC output of the rectifier 130 and supplies power to the 36V load 150. In some cases, the rectifier 130 performs an inverter function to convert the DC output of the battery 140 into AC to supply AC power to the 36V generator 120, and the 36V generator 120 operates as an AC motor to operate the engine ( It is also possible to start or torque the 110. Even when the 36V generator 120 operates as an AC motor and performs torque assist while driving the vehicle, the efficiency of the motor may be reduced by greatly departing from the rated point of the motor according to the engine speed and the auxiliary load. The DC / DC converter 160 converts the 36V DC output from the rectifier 130 or the 36V battery 140 into 12V DC to supply the 12V battery 170 and / or the 12V load 180. The 12V battery 170 is charged by the 12V DC output of the DC / DC converter 160 and supplies power to the 12V load 180. In such a multi-voltage system, a complicated and expensive rectifier / inverter 130, a DC / DC converter 160, or a high voltage battery 140, etc. are required. Since the low voltage is not supplied, the high voltage battery 140 and the high voltage load 150 as well as the low voltage battery 170 and the low voltage load 180 may not operate.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power generation device that can adjust the output voltage.

The generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, the alternator for outputting a voltage of one of the first voltage and the second voltage, and converts the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first load or the second load. And a rectifier, wherein the rectifier supplies power to the first load when the alternator outputs the first voltage, and supplies power to the second load when the alternator outputs the second voltage. It characterized in that the supply.

Generator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a stator, a rotor, and one or more switches, any one of the stator and the rotor includes a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, the other of the stator and the rotor Includes a winding in which induced electromotive force is generated when the rotor rotates, and the switch adjusts an output voltage by changing a connection of at least one of the winding or the electromagnet.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a power supply system of a vehicle in which a load of 36V and a load of 12V are mixed.
2 is a view schematically showing an example of a cross-sectional view of a generator.
3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view for explaining a method of changing the winding connection of the 36V / 12V generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view schematically showing the configuration of the rectifying unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings to clarify the technical spirit of the present invention will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the following description of the present invention, detailed descriptions of related known functions or components will be omitted when it is determined that the detailed description of the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention. Components having substantially the same functional configuration among the drawings have been given the same reference numerals and symbols as much as possible even though they are shown in different drawings.

3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an engine 110, a 36V / 12V generator 310, a rectifier 320, a 36V battery 140, a 36V load 150, and a DC / DC. Converter 160, 12V battery 170, and 12V load 180. For convenience of description, 36V and 12V are taken as an example, but any two voltages or three or more voltages may be used. In addition, the present invention may be applied to any electric / electronic system other than an automobile, and in some embodiments, the engine 110 may be replaced with another power unit.

Unlike in FIG. 1, the 36V / 12V generator 310 of FIG. 3 may provide two power sources, either 36V AC or 12V AC, and the rectifier 320 rectifies the 36V AC output from the 36V / 12V generator 310. To 36V DC to supply to the 36V battery 140 and / or 36V load 150, or to rectify the 12V AC output from the 36V / 12V generator 310 to convert to 12V DC 12V battery 170 and / Or to a 12V load 180. Therefore, even if a failure occurs in the 36V output of the rectifier 320, the 36V battery 140, the DC / DC converter 160, etc., the 12V battery 170 can be charged by the 12V output of the rectifier 320, 12V The load 180 can operate normally. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the 36V / 12V generator 310 outputs a 36V voltage so that both the 36V devices and the 12V devices operate normally. Output to allow 12V devices to operate normally.

In addition, since the system of FIG. 3 can directly supply 12V power to the 12V battery 170 and / or the 12V load 180 without passing through the DC / DC converter 160, the DC / DC converter 160 is omitted. By reducing the manufacturing cost and system stability can be improved. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the DC / DC converter 160 is omitted in the system of FIG. 3, and the 36V / 12V generator 310 outputs a 36V voltage only when a 36V power supply is required, and otherwise 12V The voltage can be output. When the 36V power supply is required, when the charge of the 36V battery 140 falls below a predetermined value and the charging is necessary, when the instantaneous power consumption of the 36V load 150 is large or when the 36V battery 140 is braked If you absorb energy, etc. Of course, it can also output 12V only if a 12V supply is required, or 36V otherwise.

As described above, the 36V / 12V generator 310 outputs a 36V voltage or a 12V voltage when the 36V / 12V generator 310 operates as a generator, and when the 36V / 12V generator 310 operates as a motor. It can accept either 36V or 12V voltage as input, and by changing the winding connection according to the input voltage, the motor can operate near the rated point, thereby increasing the efficiency of the motor and fuel economy of the engine.

Hereinafter, a method of adjusting the output voltage in the 36V / 12V generator 310 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

If the current generator regulates the current of the electromagnet to the regulator 230 to output a high voltage, such as 36V and a low voltage, such as 12V, the operating point of the generator is very large away from the rated point, the efficiency is drastically lowered. In addition, when the permanent magnet is used together with the electromagnet in the rotor 210, it is difficult to obtain a sufficiently low voltage due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet even if the current of the electromagnet is lowered. Therefore, 36V / 12V generator 310 according to an embodiment of the present invention, by using a switch such as an IGBT switch, a FET switch, a relay or the like to change the wiring of the winding of the stator 220 itself to adjust the output voltage Use

4 is a view for explaining a method of changing the winding connection of the 36V / 12V generator 310 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In order to prevent the drawing from becoming too complicated, switches used for changing wiring are not shown.

Referring to Figure 4 (a), when using the general three-phase connection on the left side can obtain a high voltage output, if the output is obtained in the middle of the winding as shown on the right through the change of connection to obtain a low voltage output. In this case, the ratio of the high voltage to the low voltage can be freely designed, but the efficiency can be somewhat reduced because part of the winding is not used.

Referring to FIG. 4 (b), each phase winding includes a plurality of small windings, and when the small windings are connected in series as shown on the left side, a high voltage output may be obtained. You get As shown in the figure, when each phase contains two small windings, the ratio of high voltage to low voltage is 2: 1, and with the use of a larger number of smaller windings and combining series and parallel connections, It can be adjusted more freely. For example, if the number of small windings in each phase is six, the voltage ratio can be adjusted to 2: 1, 3: 1, 6: 1, and so on. In this case, if some windings are not used or the output is obtained in the middle of the small windings as in the method of FIG. 4 (a), more free voltage ratio can be obtained.

Referring to FIG. 4 (c), the voltage ratio is √3: 1 in the case of mutual change between the Y-type connection shown on the left side and the delta-type connection shown on the right side. Various combinations of voltage ratios can be obtained using a combination of the methods of FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C with high efficiency, and the wiring can be changed in other ways.

Although the method of changing the wiring of the winding of the stator 220 has been described above, the connection of the electromagnet of the rotor 210 may be changed in various manners as described above. In addition, by changing both the winding of the stator 220 and the connection of the electromagnet of the rotor 210, more various voltage ratios can be obtained with high efficiency.

So far, the technology for changing the wiring to change the output voltage of the generator has been described, but in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-described wiring changing method may be used to maintain the output voltage of the generator constant. That is, as mentioned above, as the engine speed changes, the operating point of the generator deviates greatly from the rated point while the regulator 230 maintains the output voltage constant by adjusting the current of the electromagnet of the rotor 210. The efficiency may be lowered. In this case, when the winding change method is used together with the operation of the regulator 230, the generator may be always operated near the rated point. In other words, when the engine speed is low, a connection for obtaining a high voltage output is used, and when the engine speed is high, a connection for obtaining a low voltage output can be used to suppress variations in the output voltage according to the engine speed.

In summary, by properly changing the wiring according to the required output voltage and the number of revolutions of the rotor, the generator can always be operated near a high rated efficiency point. In order to finely control the voltage, a wiring change method and a conventional regulator can be used together. Similarly, when the generator is operated as a motor, the wiring can be changed according to the input voltage and the number of revolutions of the rotor so that the motor can always be operated near a high efficiency point. In this way, if the efficiency of the generator / motor is increased, the fuel economy of the vehicle is improved.

5 is a view schematically showing the configuration of the rectifying unit 320 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5 (a), the rectifier 320 receives 36 V or 12 V AC from the 36 V / 12 V generator 310, rectifies it using the rectifier 510, converts the DC into DC, and then converts the DC into a 36 V DC power supply. Alternatively, supply 12V DC power to the devices corresponding to each voltage. If the rectifier 510 also performs an inverter function, it may include a controller 520 for controlling it. In this case, in general, since the rectifier / inverter 510 may perform the rectifying function even when the controller 520 fails, the 36V / 12V generator 310 may output a 12V voltage so that the 12V devices operate normally.

Referring to FIG. 5B, the rectifier 320 further includes a diode rectifier 530 having a simple structure used only for 12V rectification, in addition to the rectifier / inverter 510 that may also perform an inverter function. In this case, even when the rectifier / inverter 510 itself is broken, the 12V devices may be normally operated by using the rectifier 530. That is, even if all parts related to the 36V voltage become unavailable, the same operation as that of the existing 12V car is possible.

As described above, the power generation apparatus according to the present invention allows the rest of the system to operate normally even when a failure occurs in a part of the system, and the effect of increasing power generation efficiency, improving fuel efficiency, reducing the manufacturing cost of the system, or improving stability is obtained. To be able.

So far, the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential technical spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all equivalents within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims (16)

An alternator outputting one of a first voltage and a second voltage; And
It includes a rectifier for converting the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first load or the second load,
The rectifying unit,
Supplying power to the first load when the alternator outputs the first voltage, supplying power to the second load when the alternator outputs the second voltage,
The alternator is,
Outputting the first voltage when there is no abnormality in the apparatus,
And outputting the second voltage when there is an error in the device. An alternator outputting one of a first voltage and a second voltage; And
It includes a rectifier for converting the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first load or the second load,
The rectifying unit,
Supplying power to the first load when the alternator outputs the first voltage, supplying power to the second load when the alternator outputs the second voltage,
The alternator is,
Outputting the first voltage when the power supply of the first voltage is necessary;
And output the second voltage when power supply of the first voltage is not necessary. An alternator outputting one of a first voltage and a second voltage; And
It includes a rectifier for converting the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first load or the second load,
The rectifying unit,
Supplying power to the first load when the alternator outputs the first voltage, supplying power to the second load when the alternator outputs the second voltage,
The rectifier includes a first rectifier and a second rectifier,
Wherein the first rectifier rectifies the output of the first voltage or the output of the second voltage of the alternator, and the second rectifier rectifies the output of the second voltage of the alternator. An alternator outputting one of a first voltage and a second voltage; And
A rectifier converting the output of the alternator into direct current to supply power to the first battery or the second battery,
The rectifying unit,
When the alternator outputs the first voltage, it supplies power to the first battery and charges it. When the alternator outputs the second voltage, it supplies power to the second battery and charges it.
The first voltage is greater than the second voltage,
When the alternator operates as a motor, the rectifier converts the output of the first battery into alternating current and supplies to the alternator. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The first load includes a first battery,
The second load includes a second battery,
The rectifying unit,
When the alternator outputs the first voltage, charges the first battery,
And when the alternator outputs the second voltage, charges the second battery. The method of claim 4, wherein
And converting a voltage at the output of the first battery into the second voltage to charge the second battery. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
And the alternator outputs the first voltage or the second voltage by changing a winding of the winding.
delete Stator;
Rotor; And
Includes one or more switches,
One of the stator and the rotor includes a permanent magnet or an electromagnet,
The other of the stator and the rotor includes a winding in which induced electromotive force is generated when the rotor rotates,
And the switch changes the output voltage from the first voltage to the second voltage by changing the connection of at least one of the winding or the electromagnet when the required output voltage is changed from the first voltage to the second voltage. . delete 10. The method of claim 9,
The switch is characterized in that for changing the connection to increase the efficiency of the generator. 10. The method of claim 9,
It includes a regulator for controlling the current of the electromagnet,
At least one of the switch and the regulator, characterized in that for suppressing the change in the output voltage in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor. 10. The method of claim 9,
The switch is characterized in that for changing the connection so that the efficiency of the motor is increased according to at least one of the number of revolutions of the rotor and the voltage supplied to the winding when the generator is operated as a motor. 10. The method of claim 9,
The switch is characterized in that for changing the connection between the three-phase wire connection and three-phase delta connection to the generator. 10. The method of claim 9,
At least one of the winding or the electromagnet includes a plurality of small windings,
And the switch changes the wiring so that the plurality of small windings are connected by a series, parallel, or a combination of parallel and parallel. 10. The method of claim 9,
The switch is characterized in that for changing the connection so that the position of obtaining the output from the winding or the electromagnet.

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