KR101121544B1 - Insulation Assembly for Thermal Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure of a thermo battery for maintaining a thermo battery providing a high output in a short time using a chemical heat source for a long time in a high temperature state,
A battery stack 10 formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 11 activated by heat in series or in parallel; Located at the top and bottom of the battery laminated portion 10, respectively, the upper heat insulating portion 20 and the lower heat insulating portion 20 'to block heat discharge to the outside; including, the upper heat insulating portion 20 and the lower insulation The breakthrough layer 50 which blocks the thermal shock generated from the unit 20 ′ from being transmitted to the battery stacking unit 10 is disposed on the upper and lower portions of the battery stacking unit 10, respectively.
According to the thermal insulation structure of the thermal cell according to the present invention, the breakdown layer disposed on the upper and lower portions of the battery laminated portion prevents the thermal shock generated in the upper and lower thermal insulation portions from propagating to the battery laminated portion, thereby deforming the unit cell of the battery laminated portion. Not only does not occur, the performance of the thermoelectric cell is kept constant, it is possible to minimize the operational failure due to the thermoelectric cell in the induction weapons mainly equipped with the thermoelectric cell.

Description

Insulation Assembly for Thermal Battery

The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure of a thermo battery for maintaining a high temperature in a short time using a chemical heat source in a high temperature state, in particular a thermal shock in the heat insulating portion disposed on the upper and lower sides of the battery, respectively. The present invention relates to a thermal insulation structure of a thermal cell so as to prevent the unit cell from being damaged.

Thermal battery is an organic salt electrolyte, which forms a solid state without ion conductivity at room temperature, by liquefying it as a chemical heat source in a short time of 1 second or less to have high ion conductivity. Primary primary battery that can be operated to provide high power in a relatively short time. The thermo battery is stored at room temperature with no activity of the battery and is activated when it receives heat of 400 ° C. and serves to supply power. In addition, thermo batteries have excellent long-term storage characteristics, such as storage for more than 10 years, and are excellent in reliability of batteries such as they are hardly affected by acceleration, vibration, and shock, and can be activated only at high temperatures, thus providing high safety. There are characteristics that do not require maintenance and repair activities, and are widely used in military applications mainly to effectively use these characteristics.

However, the operating temperature of the thermal cell is very high, and when the operating temperature is low, the inorganic salt electrolyte is changed back to a solid, which may not perform the function of the battery. Accordingly, it is very important that the thermal cell has an insulating structure capable of maintaining a high temperature state for a long time so that the inorganic salt electrolyte can be maintained in a liquid state in an activated state.

As shown in FIG. 1, a heat dissipation structure of a general thermal battery includes: a battery stack 10 formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 11 activated by heat in series or in parallel; An upper heat insulating part 20 and a lower heat insulating part 20 'positioned at upper and lower portions of the battery stack 10 to block heat release to the outside; An electrode unit 30 positioned above the upper insulation unit 20 and provided with an anode terminal 31 and a cathode terminal 32; The battery stack 10, the upper heat insulating portion 20, the lower heat insulating portion 20 ′ and the electrode portion 30 are installed therein, and a case 40 sealing the inside and the outside thereof.

Here, the unit cell 11 is composed of a negative electrode active material that causes an oxidation reaction such as lithium (Li) or calcium (Ca) to form electrons and ions, and iron sulfide (FeS2) or cobalt sulfide ( A cathode active material composed of a cathode active material which causes a reduction reaction such as CoS2) and is disposed between the cathode portion 11b and the anode portion 11a and the anode portion 11b which react with ions and electrons moved from the cathode portion 11a. Heat Pellet is disposed on the outer side of any one of the cathode 11c and the cathode 11a and the anode 11b activated by heat, and generates heat to activate the solid electrolyte 11c. 11d). Each of the components, such as the anode portion 11b and the cathode portion 11a, the solid electrolyte 11c, and the heat generating material 11d, is formed in a disk form by a press or the like, and then stacked in series or in parallel in accordance with electrical standards. Each of the unit cells 11 is connected to the electrode part 40 through the negative electrode current collector 12 and the positive electrode current collector 13 respectively positioned at the upper and lower ends of the battery stack 10.

Accordingly, when the heat generating material 11d is activated, i.e., burned, heat is generated. As a result, the solid electrolyte 11c is liquefied, and an oxidation reaction occurs at the cathode portion 11a to generate electrons and ions. . At this time, ions move to the positive electrode portion 11b through the liquefied electrolyte, and electrons move to the positive electrode portion 11b through an external circuit. In the positive electrode portion 11b, the ions move from the negative electrode portion 11a. Reduction of ions and electrons occurs. As the electrons move through the external circuit as described above, electricity flows to the external circuit to supply electricity to a required position.

In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the upper and lower heat insulating parts 20 and 20 ′ are discharged to the outside of the upper and lower heat insulating parts 20 and 20 ′ so that the battery stacking part 10 is provided. In order to compensate for a decrease in the temperature of the heat sink), a plurality of heat generating materials 21 arranged to form a higher temperature than the battery stacking portion 10 and heat generated from the heat generating material 21 are discharged to the outside. Insulating material 23, such as BF paper (Binder Free Paper) to block, and between the heating material 21 and the heating material 21 and between the heating material 21 and the heat insulating material 23, respectively, to increase the heat capacity The stainless steel (STS) or nickel (Ni) is made of one to three sets of metal barrier material 22 is laminated. However, the heat insulating material 23 of the set located at the uppermost end of the upper heat insulating part 20 and the lower end of the lower heat insulating part 20 'is preferably made of a double structure. This is to improve the heat insulating effect at the outermost while maintaining the thickness of the heat insulating material 23 uniformly.

Table 1 shows a stacked structure in which the number of unit cells stacked in the battery stacking unit 10 is 17, and two sets are stacked in the upper and lower insulation units 20 and 20 ', respectively. It is shown in a table.

The BF paper used as the heat insulating material 23 is made of Caowool fiber, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), silicon dioxide (SiO 2), and the like, and is 0.5 to 1.5 mm without using a binder. It is manufactured and used in the form of a disk having a thickness. This is because since the thermoelectric battery is operated in a high temperature environment of 500 ° C. or higher, the binder exposed to the high temperature may burn and create unnecessary pressure inside the thermocell.

However, the thermal insulation structure of the conventional thermal battery has a problem that the metal barrier material is deformed into a wave shape due to stress imbalance due to thermal shock, causing physical deformation in adjacent unit cells, thereby degrading stability of the thermal battery.

That is, the internal temperature of the thermo battery is normally maintained at room temperature, but if the heating material is rapidly burned according to the operation signal, the temperature rises rapidly to about 500 ° C. within 0.1 to 0.3 seconds. Accordingly, the thermal shock is applied to the metal barrier material having a thickness of only 0.1 to 0.2 mm, and the wave barrier deformation occurs in the metal barrier material as shown in FIG. 3 due to the stress imbalance caused by the thermal shock. Since the wavy deformation affects the adjacent unit cells through the heat insulating material located at the interface between the upper and lower heat insulating parts and the battery stack, physical deformation occurs in the unit cells located at the top and bottom of the battery stack, respectively. Stability is lowered.

In particular, when the electrolyte leaks due to physical breakage of the unit cell, a short circuit may occur in the battery stacking portion, and the physical breakage of the unit cell may lead to a discharge failure during discharge. It is a factor that lowers operational reliability, such as the failure to fire weapons.

In addition, since the heat insulation structure of the conventional thermal battery cannot control the degree of deformation of the wave shape generated in the metal barrier material, there is a problem in that the performance of the manufactured thermal battery is uneven and the reliability of the product is lowered.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, by arranging the break-proof layer so that the thermal shock generated in the upper and lower insulation portion is not transmitted to the battery laminated portion to block the deformation of the unit cell of the battery laminated portion to uniform the performance of the thermal cell It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat insulating structure of a thermal cell that can be maintained easily.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation structure of a thermal cell that can be applied to a conventional thermal cell structure by blocking the thermal shock as well as the heat transfer layer installed in place of the insulation of the upper and lower insulation.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation structure of a thermal cell that can minimize the deformation of the unit cell by arranging a shield layer close to the battery laminated portion to block the thermal shock generated in the upper and lower insulation.

The present invention for achieving the above object is a battery laminated portion formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells activated by heat in series or in parallel; Located at the top and bottom of the battery laminated portion, respectively, the upper heat insulating portion and the lower heat insulating portion to block the heat discharge to the outside; and wherein the thermal shock generated in the upper and lower heat insulating portion is transferred to the battery laminated portion Blocking layer is characterized in that disposed on the upper and lower portions of the battery laminated portion, respectively.

In addition, according to the heat insulating structure of the thermal battery of the present invention, the break-proof layer is formed in the shape of a disk using a hard micanite (Macanite) material, characterized in that the thickness is 0.1 ~ 1mm.

In addition, according to the thermal insulation structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, the unit cell is composed of a negative electrode active material that causes an oxidation reaction to form electrons and ions, and a positive electrode active material that causes a reduction reaction is moved from the negative electrode part And a solid electrolyte positioned between the anode portion and the cathode portion and the anode portion and activated by heat, and disposed outside the cathode portion and the anode portion, respectively, to generate heat to activate the solid electrolyte. It is made of a heat generating material, each unit cell is characterized in that connected to the external circuit through the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector which are respectively located at the top and bottom of the battery laminated portion.

In addition, according to the heat insulating structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, the upper heat insulating portion and the lower heat insulating portion, a plurality of heat generating material disposed to form a higher temperature than the battery laminated portion, and the heat generated from the heat generating material is discharged to the outside A set made of a metal barrier material of stainless steel (STS) or nickel (Ni) which is disposed between the heat insulating material and the heat generating material and the heat generating material and between the heat generating material and the heat insulating material, respectively, to increase the heat capacity. It is formed by stacking one to three, the heat insulating material of the set located at the top end of the upper heat insulating portion and the bottom end of the lower heat insulating portion is characterized in that consisting of a double structure.

In addition, according to the thermal insulation structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, the breakthrough layer is disposed closer to the battery laminated portion than the metal barrier material provided in the upper and lower insulation portion, based on the battery laminated portion, the heat generation It is characterized by having a structure of a re-breaking layer-metal barrier material or a break-proof layer-heating material-metal barrier material.

In the thermal insulation structure of the thermal battery according to the present invention, since the thermal shock generated in the upper and lower thermal insulation parts respectively disposed at the upper and lower portions of the battery laminated portion prevents propagation of the thermal shock generated by the battery laminated portion, the unit cell of the battery laminated portion is deformed. Of course, there is an effect to maintain a constant performance of the thermal cell does not occur.

In addition, according to the heat insulating structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, instead of the heat insulating material located between the upper and lower heat insulating portion and the battery laminated portion is provided with a barrier layer to block heat transfer as well as thermal shock, it can be applied to the existing thermal battery. Of course, there is no need to install a separate insulation.

In addition, according to the thermal insulation structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, since the break-proof layer is disposed closer to the battery laminated portion than the metal insulating material of the upper and lower insulation portion to prevent the deformation of the metal insulation material is transferred to the battery laminated portion, the deformation of the battery laminated portion is minimized and There is an effect that can maintain the performance of the thermal battery uniformly.

In addition, according to the thermal insulation structure of the thermal cell of the present invention, as the performance of the thermal cell is maintained constant, the reliability of the product is improved, and a short circuit due to leakage from the unit cell constituting the thermal cell is prevented, induction weapons, etc. to which the thermal cell is mounted. In addition to preventing the inoperable situation caused by the thermal cell in the device of the operation has the effect of improving the reliability of the operation using the weapon.

1 is a laminated structure diagram showing a heat insulation structure of a conventional heat cell.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional upper insulation.
3 is a photograph of a unit cell decomposed after discharging a conventional thermal cell is applied thermal insulation structure.
Figure 4 is a laminated structure diagram showing the heat insulation structure of the thermal cell according to the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view showing a boundary portion of the upper insulation portion and the battery laminated portion according to the present invention.
6 is a photograph of a breakwater layer which is a main component of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a photograph of a unit cell decomposed after discharging the thermal cell to which the insulating structure of the present invention is applied.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described the heat insulating structure of the thermal cell of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, a heat insulating structure of a thermal battery includes: a battery stack 10 formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 11 activated by heat in series or in parallel; An upper heat insulating part 20 and a lower heat insulating part 20 'positioned at upper and lower portions of the battery stack 10 to block heat release to the outside; The disk-shaped disposed on the upper and lower portions of the battery laminated portion 10 so as to block the thermal shock generated in the upper heat insulating portion 20 and the lower heat insulating portion 20 'to be transmitted to the battery laminated portion 10. Breakwater layer 50; comprises a.

The breakwater layer 50 is not only deformed by heat shock but thin, but also formed of a material that is not well heat-transferd, and hard micaite (Micanite), which is mainly used as an industrial insulation material, is suitable. When manufacturing the breakthrough layer 50 using hard micaite, 0.1 to perform the role of a mechanical support and a heat insulating material at the same time to block the thermal shock in the upper and lower thermal insulation (20, 20 '). It is formed to a thickness of about 1mm.

The process of manufacturing the breakwater layer 50 with hard micaite is as follows. First, the hard maicanite plate is machined to fit the design dimensions so that it can be stacked in the inner space of the thermocell. Then, the micaite plate processed in the shape of a disc (Disc) is put in an electric furnace with a temperature of 150 ℃ or more to dry for more than 24 hours to completely remove the moisture. The dried maicanite plate uses compressed nitrogen to remove foreign substances adsorbed on the surface. This completes the manufacture of a clean breakwater layer 50 as shown in the photo of FIG. The completed breakwater layer 50 is stored in a sealed case for use in thermoelectric cell assembly work.

Here, the unit cell 11 is composed of a negative electrode active material that causes an oxidation reaction such as lithium (Li) or calcium (Ca) to form electrons and ions, and iron sulfide (FeS2) or cobalt sulfide ( A cathode active material composed of a cathode active material which causes a reduction reaction such as CoS2) and is disposed between the cathode portion 11b and the anode portion 11a and the anode portion 11b which react with ions and electrons moved from the cathode portion 11a. A solid electrolyte 11c activated by heat, and a heat generating material 11d disposed outside the one of the negative electrode portion 11a and the positive electrode portion 11b and generating heat to activate the solid electrolyte 11c. Is done. Each of the unit cells 11 is connected to the negative electrode current collector 12 and the positive electrode current collector 13 positioned at the top and bottom of the battery stack 10, respectively, and are exposed to the outside of the case 40. The positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 of the electrode unit 30 are connected to an external circuit.

In addition, the upper insulation portion 20 and the lower insulation portion 20 ′, a plurality of heat generating material 21 disposed to form a higher temperature than the battery laminated portion 10 and the heat generating material 21 Insulation material 23, such as BF paper (Binder Free Paper) to block the heat generated from the outside, between the heat generating material 21 and the heat generating material 21 and the heat generating material 21 and the heat insulating material 23 ) And a set of one or three sets of metal barrier materials 22 made of stainless steel (STS) or nickel (Ni) to be disposed between each other to increase heat capacity. However, the heat insulating material 23 of the set located at the uppermost end of the upper heat insulating part 20 and the lower end of the lower heat insulating part 20 'is preferably made of a double structure. This is to improve the heat insulating effect at the outermost while maintaining the thickness of the heat insulating material 23 uniformly.

Meanwhile, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the breakwater layer 50 is closer to the battery stacking portion 10 than the metal blocking material 22 provided in the upper and lower insulation portions 20 and 20 ′. Placed in place. Table 2 shows the number of unit cells stacked in the battery stacking unit 10 according to the present invention, and two sets are stacked in the upper and lower thermal insulation units 20 and 20 ', respectively. The lamination structure is shown in a table. Specifically, the boundary portions of the upper and lower insulation portions 20 and 20 ′ and the battery stacked portion 10 may include a heating material based on the battery laminated portion 10 as illustrated in FIG. 5 and Table 2 (a). 21) -breaking layer 50-metal barrier 22, or as shown in (b) of FIG. 21)-the metal barrier material 22 will have a structure.

Since the insulating layer of the thermal cell of the present invention configured as described above blocks the thermal shock generated at the upper and lower thermal insulation parts, the unit cells of the battery laminated part are physically minimized from external deformation.

When the operation start signal is input to the thermo battery, heat is generated as the heat generating material 11d of each unit cell 11 of the battery stack 10 is burned, and the internal temperature of the thermo battery is raised to about 500 ° C instantaneously. . Accordingly, the solid electrolyte 11c positioned between the positive electrode portion 11b and the negative electrode portion 11a is liquefied, an oxidation reaction occurs in the negative electrode portion 11a, and a reduction reaction occurs in the positive electrode portion 11b. Electricity flows between the positive electrode portion 11b and the negative electrode portion 11a to activate the thermo battery. At this time, since the positive electrode portion 11b of each unit cell 11 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 13, and the negative electrode portion 11a is connected to the negative electrode current collector 12, the positive electrode current collector 13 Power is supplied to an induction weapon equipped with a thermo battery through the positive electrode terminal 31 and the negative electrode terminal 32 of the electrode unit 30 connected to the negative electrode current collector 12.

On the other hand, while the heat generating material 11d of the unit cell 11 is burned, the heat generating material of the upper heat insulating part 20 and the lower heat insulating part 20 ′ respectively positioned on the upper and lower parts of the battery stack 10. 21) is also burned to increase the temperature of the upper insulation 20 and the lower insulation 20 'to maintain a constant temperature of the battery laminated portion 10. At this time, the thermal shock generated by the combustion of the heat generating material 21 may cause the deformation of the wave shape in the metal blocking material 22 positioned between the heat generating material 21. However, since the breakwater layer 50 is provided between the metal barrier material 22 and the battery stack portion 10, thermal shock propagates to the battery stack portion 10 or the metal barrier material ( 22 is not transmitted to the unit cell 11 of the battery stack 10.

Therefore, the unit cell 11 of the battery stack 10 is operated stably without deformation, thereby maintaining the performance of the thermal battery uniformly. This can be confirmed from the fact that the wavy deformation does not occur anywhere in the unit cell in the photo of the unit cell shown in FIG.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, Changes will be possible.

10: battery laminated part
11: unit cell
11a: cathode
11b: anode
11c: solid electrolyte
11d: heating material
12: negative electrode current collector
13: positive electrode current collector
20: upper insulation
20 ': Lower insulation
21: heating material
22: metal barrier material
23: insulation
30: electrode portion
31: positive terminal
32: negative electrode terminal
40: case
50: breakwater layer

Claims (5)

A battery stack 10 formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 11 activated by heat in series or in parallel;
And an upper insulation portion 20 and a lower insulation portion 20 'positioned at upper and lower portions of the battery stack 10 to block heat release to the outside.
The upper and lower portions of the battery laminated portion 10 have a breakthrough layer 50 which prevents the thermal shock generated from the upper and lower insulation portions 20 and 20 'from being transferred to the battery laminated portion 10. Insulation structure of a thermo-cell characterized in that each disposed. The method of claim 1,
The breakthrough layer 50 is formed in the shape of a disc using hard micaite (Micanite) as a material, the heat insulating structure of a thermal cell, characterized in that the thickness is 0.1 ~ 1mm. The method of claim 1,
The unit cell 11 is composed of a negative electrode active material that causes an oxidation reaction to form electrons and ions, and an ion active material that comprises a positive electrode active material that generates a reduction reaction and is moved from the negative electrode part 11a, and The positive electrode portion 11b reacting with the electrons, the solid electrolyte 11c positioned between the negative electrode portion 11a and the positive electrode portion 11b and activated by heat, and the negative electrode portion 11a and the positive electrode portion 11b. Is disposed on the outside of any one of the side is made of a heat generating material (11d) to generate heat to activate the solid electrolyte (11c),
Each unit cell (11) is a heat insulating structure of the thermal cell, characterized in that connected to the external circuit through the negative electrode collector 12 and the positive electrode collector (13) located at the top and bottom of the battery laminated portion 10, respectively. The method of claim 1,
The upper insulation portion 20 and the lower insulation portion 20 ′, a plurality of heat generating material 21, the heat insulating material 23 to block the heat generated from the heat generating material 21 to the outside, and The metal block 22 made of stainless steel (STS) or nickel (Ni), which is disposed between the heat generating material 21 and the heat generating material 21 and between the heat generating material 21 and the heat insulating material, respectively, to increase the heat capacity. The set consists of one to three are laminated,
Insulation structure of the thermal cell, characterized in that the heat insulating material 23 of the set located at the uppermost end of the upper heat insulating portion 20 and the lower end of the lower heat insulating portion 20 '. The method of claim 4, wherein
The breakwater layer 50 is disposed closer to the battery stacking portion 10 than the metal blocking material 22 provided in the upper insulation portion 20 and the lower insulation portion 20 '.
On the basis of the battery laminated portion 10, the arrangement structure of the heat generating material 21, the breakthrough layer 50, the metal barrier material 22 or the barrier layer 50, the heat generator material 21-the metal barrier material 22 Insulating structure of a thermo-cell characterized in that it has.

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