KR101111093B1 - Filter-type particle collecting and exhaust gas clean-up device for the exhaust gas of ship engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filter type dust collecting and purification apparatus for ship engine exhaust gas, the inlet end of which is connected to the exhaust gas outlet line of the marine diesel engine, and the outlet end of which is connected to the outside air to form an inner space; A ceramic filter separating the interior of the housing by isolating between the inlet and outlet ends and disposed between the inlet and outlet ends; And a heating element installed under the housing, wherein the ceramic filter has a double layer structure of an outer layer and an inner layer having different pore sizes, and the inner layer carries a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas. The layer is smaller in pore size than the inner layer, and the surface temperature of the heating element is related to the filter type dust purification device for ship engine exhaust gas, characterized in that at least the ignition temperature of the dust generated by the combustion of the diesel engine.

As a result, since a complicated device and a step required for exhaust gas purification and dust collection of a conventional marine engine can be reduced to a single device, the exhaust gas purification and dust collection system can be easily decorated, and accordingly, the exhaust gas purification device and the exhaust gas are thus reduced. The manufacturing cost of the vibration damping equipment can be reduced, and the production can be facilitated, the operation can be facilitated through a simple system, and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

 Marine, Exhaust, Ceramic Filters

Description

Filter-type particle collecting and exhaust gas clean-up device for the exhaust gas of ship engines}

The present invention relates to a purifier that simultaneously removes particulate matter (soot) generated from the rear end of a marine diesel engine and air pollutants in the exhaust gas with a single device, and more specifically, to exhaust gas purification and dust collection of a conventional marine engine. Since the required complex and multi-stage equipment and process steps can be reduced to one step, the exhaust gas purification and dust collection system can be easily decorated, thus reducing the production cost of the exhaust gas purification device and the exhaust gas dust removal equipment. The present invention relates to a filter type dust collector for ship engine exhaust gas, which can be easily reduced, can be easily manufactured, can be easily operated through a simple system by minimizing separate maintenance, and can reduce maintenance costs.

In the case of marine diesel engines, air pollutants such as dust (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are generated in the combustion process of diesel engines. Although overlooked, regulations are increasing day by day.

Therefore, various methods have been proposed to reduce the emission of air pollutants such as PM and NOx of marine diesel engines. In this regard, a dry or wet dust removing device is proposed for removing dust including soot, and the wet dust removing device has been described in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-61951. The DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) is a way to apply, in addition to the metal filter can be applied, but they can collect the PM, but there is a limitation that can not remove NOx. In addition, the form of a catalyst applied to the honeycomb filter is used to remove nitrogen oxides, which can only remove NOx. After a certain period of time, the function of removing nitrogen oxides due to surface poisoning caused by PM (soot, soot, soot, etc.) There is a short problem of falling and use cycle.

Accordingly, in the conventional dust collector for simultaneous removal of particulate matter (PM) and exhaust gas pollutants, a ceramic catalyst filter having a honeycomb structure is used. In this case, the particulate matter accumulates in the honeycomb structure, causing a difference in pressure difference. This problem is caused by problems such as heat shock and cracks when the accumulated particulate matter is regenerated in a limited space, and the catalyst is poisoned by the particulate matter so that exhaust gas pollutants such as NOx can no longer be purified. Remain a constant challenge.

In addition, in the case of ships, due to space constraints, it is difficult to widen the cross-sectional area of the dust collector, and as shown in FIG. 1, a pumping device must be further provided before and after the dust collector, respectively, to affect the output of the exhaust gas without affecting the engine output. Since it can be removed, the equipment is complicated, manufacturing costs increase, there is a problem that the operating cost is increased.

In addition, in the case of such a dust collector, dust containing smoke, etc. can be removed, but in addition to the exhaust gas, the generation of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides is a problem, so in addition to the dust collector, a separate SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) facility Etc. to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides or to add a complex device such as to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides by injecting water to the combustion gas through a separate injection device, the equipment becomes more complicated, the production cost increases There is a problem.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a facility capable of simultaneously performing marine exhaust gas purification and dust collection that can be applied to marine diesel engines that can solve these problems.

In order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the present invention can reduce the complicated multi-stage device and process steps required for exhaust gas purification and dust collection of the conventional marine engine in one step, so that the exhaust gas purification And the dust collection system can be easily decorated, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the exhaust gas purifying device and the exhaust gas dust removing facility, making the production easy, and minimizing the separate maintenance to facilitate the operation through a simple system. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a filter type dust collecting and purification apparatus for ship engine exhaust gas which can reduce maintenance costs.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention

A housing having an inlet end connected to an exhaust gas outlet line side of a shelf diesel engine and an outlet end connected to an outside air to form an inner space; A ceramic filter separating the interior of the housing by isolating between the inlet and outlet ends and disposed between the inlet and outlet ends; And a heating element installed below the housing,

The ceramic filter has a double layer structure of an outer layer and an inner layer having different pore sizes, the inner layer carries an exhaust gas purification catalyst, and the outer layer has a smaller pore size than the inner layer,

The surface temperature of the heating element provides at least a filter type dust collecting purifier for ship engine exhaust gas, characterized in that the ignition temperature of the dust generated by the combustion of the diesel engine.

According to the filter type dust purification device for ship engine exhaust gas of the present invention, the purification device is directly connected to the exhaust gas outlet line of the engine to appropriately utilize the high temperature of the exhaust gas, thereby removing a chemical reaction for removing contaminants in the exhaust gas. Operation costs can be reduced by making it easy to obtain the appropriate high temperature reaction conditions required for SCR process.

In addition, PM removal in the exhaust gas is first performed through the outer layer through the multilayer ceramic filter, and air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas from which PM is removed are removed through the inner layer, thereby purifying the inner layer. The catalyst poisoning can be prevented to improve the durability of the catalyst, keep the purification efficiency high for a long time, reduce the maintenance cost, easily maintain the equipment, and simplify the apparatus by performing both processes with one purifier. Reduced device costs and space efficiency can be achieved.

In addition, the PM filtered from the exhaust gas adheres to the surface of the ceramic filter, but the vibration of the engine and the pulsation of the exhaust gas are transmitted to the purifier disposed close to the engine without any additional oscillation equipment. It has a self-purifying function, so the PM dropped to the bottom is burned by the heating element and used for heating of the purifier, so there is no need to remove PM collected in the lower part, and recycle the energy by recycling PM. The effect obtained can be acquired, and energy efficiency can be improved.

Finally, by combining the overall configuration into one device, the multi-stage equipment can be configured as a single device to increase the space efficiency of the vessel, and the pollution sources such as waste heat, vibration, PM, etc. generated from the engine can be Efficient recycling can be achieved to provide a simple and efficient dust collecting and purification device.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention relates to a ship exhaust gas purification device, the inlet end is connected to the exhaust gas outlet line side of the diesel engine for the shelf, the outlet end is connected to the outside air to form an inner space; A ceramic filter separating the interior of the housing by isolating between the inlet and outlet ends and disposed between the inlet and outlet ends; And a heating element installed under the housing, wherein the ceramic filter has a double layer structure of an outer layer and an inner layer having different pore sizes, and the inner layer carries a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas. The layer has a smaller pore size than the inner layer, and the surface temperature of the heating element is at least the ignition temperature of the dust generated by the combustion of the diesel engine.

Specific examples thereof are as shown in FIGS. 2 (not shown in the heating element) to FIG. 6. That is, unlike the conventional system, in the present invention, to filter the dust of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's diesel engine through the ceramic filter and to simultaneously purify the contaminants such as nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Such a ceramic filter has a ceramic filter itself or a dust collector or a purifier integrating the same, and is connected to an exhaust gas line of the marine engine, in particular a diesel engine, so that the dust collector and purifier having the ceramic filter is an engine exhaust gas of a marine engine. The inlet end is connected to the line side, and the outlet end is connected to the outside air.

That is, in the dust collecting purifier of the present invention, the inlet end thereof is directly connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the marine diesel engine. Through this, the high temperature of the exhaust gas (about 280 to 300 ℃) can be maintained as it is and used as it is at the high temperature (near about 350 ℃ in the case of the SCR process) required for the purification process, and the vibration and exhaust gas generated by the engine driving This is because the pulsation of the filter can be transferred to the dust collector and the purification device as it is, and the PM accumulated on the surface of the ceramic filter can be used without loss.

Next, the ceramic filter applied to the present invention has a double layer structure of an outer layer and an inner layer having different pore sizes, wherein the inner layer carries a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, and the outer layer has a pore size larger than that of the inner layer. Has a small structure. That is, as shown in the specific example of Figure 7, the ceramic filter is composed of an outer layer having a smaller pore size and an inner layer having larger pores than the outer layer, and the exhaust layer having fine PM filtered first from the outer layer is an inner layer. And the inner layer has a larger pore than the outer layer, so the PM is trapped in the inner layer and the probability of poisoning the inner layer is lowered. Instead, the contaminants such as nitrogen oxides are removed by the catalyst present in the inner layer. To be done.

The support of the catalyst may be supported by a method as described below, or may be provided with a separate catalyst layer in the inner layer, which may be formed integrally with the ceramic filter, it may be composed of a separate layer Of course you can.

Preferably, the adverse effects (increase of back pressure) on the exhaust gas of the engine should be minimized according to the filtration or purification of the exhaust gas, and a large ceramic filter should be applied in order to adapt to the size and displacement of the marine diesel engine. Since the porosity should be high so as not to require a pump as shown in the drawing, the method of manufacturing a ceramic filter applied to the present invention is a method of manufacturing a ceramic filter such as Korean Patent No. 690573 developed by the present applicant. It is desirable to apply this. That is, the ceramic filter comprises the steps of supporting the slurry containing the ceramic powder and the catalyst catalyst for purification on a carrier made of a network or porous structure; Molding and drying the carrier; Sintering the dried and dried carrier to form an inner layer; And, it is preferably formed through the step of forming the outer layer by applying a slurry containing a ceramic powder on the surface of the sintered sintering is made by drying or secondary sintering. However, in the case where the catalyst layer is separately formed, the slurry including only the ceramic powder may be supported on a carrier made of a network or porous structure, and then the catalyst layer may be combined.

In more detail, the slurry comprising the ceramic powder and the catalyst powder for purification is first composed of a network or porous structure (for example, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, porous resin, sponge, mesh, metal mesh, etc.). Perform the process of supporting on the carrier, the slurry used herein may be not only a slurry prepared by the production method presented in the Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 690573, but also various slurry that can be modified therefrom, A slurry containing such a ceramic powder is prepared, and it is supported on the above-described supporting body (nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, sponge, mesh, metal mesh, etc.). The carrier including the nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, sponge, net, metal mesh, etc. may include various carriers described in Korean Patent Registration No. 690573 as well as various carriers that can be deformed therefrom. As a method of supporting the slurry on the retardation, this may be carried out by a method such as dipping, applying, spraying, and, preferably, a predetermined level of drying or slurry removing operation (hanging or Skimming, etc.).

In this way, the supporting member carrying the slurry is molded and dried in a predetermined form. Here, the final shape of the ceramic filter, including the candle-shaped one end is open and the other end is a hollow cylindrical shape (in this case, such as the configuration of the Republic of Korea Patent No. 607335 may further form a damper in the opening additionally). It is easy to configure the dust collector or purifier, for this purpose, the carrier can be wound around the winding, which is a structure of a cylindrical or polygonal pillar (for example, triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.) The winding part may be a cylinder or an up and down block and a hollow cylinder or a hollow cylinder having a vertical hole, a polygonal pillar or a polygonal hollow cylinder having an upper and lower block and a hollow hollow cylinder. Also preferably, in the step of winding the carrier to the winding unit, a release agent may be applied between the winding unit and the carrier, or the carrier may be wound after winding a release paper or a release film first. This can be used for the product for the purpose of ordinary release, through which easy to separate the winding portion and the carrier after the progress of the subsequent manufacturing step can be separated from the winding body without compromising the straightness secured. have. Of course, a ceramic filter may be manufactured by sintering the winding part in a state in which the carrier is wound without separating the carrier, and in this case, the release agent or the release paper related process may be omitted.

The winding unit wound around the carrier is subjected to the step of separating the carrier from the winding unit after such a step, and in this case, the separation is better than in the case of having the above-described release agent or release paper or release film therebetween. It may be easy. Next, the separated carrier is completed as an inner layer of the ceramic filter through a sintering process. The sintering process may proceed according to the method as described in the applicant's Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 690573 or various modifications thereof. In addition, if necessary, further drying may be further included before the sintering process.

Here, the catalyst powder for purification may correspond to various known catalyst materials for exhaust gas purification, and more specifically, metal oxide particles for exhaust gas purification as described in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-121168 of the applicant. Can be. In particular, in the case of diesel engines, the removal of nitrogen oxides is essential. In the case of removing NOx through the present invention, the material is a metal oxide used as a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides, more specifically, a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides. The catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides may correspond to this. The content rate of the said metal oxide particle for purification can be suitably adjusted in 1 to 99 weight% with respect to the whole ceramic particle.

Through this, the ceramic filter may have a high porosity. Preferably, the porosity of the ceramic filter is 50 to 90%, so that back pressure of the engine exhaust port may be minimized. That is, such a ship exhaust gas purification device (including a dust collector) should not increase the pressure in the exhaust port of the engine to hinder the exhaust gas discharge of the engine, so as not to reduce the combustion efficiency of the engine or cause the engine to be excessive. To this end, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 1, a fan or a pump is attached to the front and rear ends of the conventional dust collector to reduce the back pressure, which is the pressure at the rear end of the engine exhaust port. Since the discharge is made and the back pressure rise is significantly reduced, a separate pump or a fan is unnecessary, and in order to make the discharge more smooth, the initial differential pressure of the marine exhaust gas purifier of the present invention should be designed to be 20 mmH 2 O or less. It is preferable that an operation differential pressure is 20-100 mmH2O. In addition, in order to obtain such a differential pressure, the ceramic filter preferably has a porosity of 50 to 90%.

Next, the outer layer is formed by applying a slurry containing ceramic powder to the surface of the sintered body (inner layer) in which the sintering is performed and drying or secondary sintering to form the outer layer. The ceramic powder in the slurry used herein may use a finer powder so that the pores of the outer layer is smaller in size than the pores of the inner layer, and the slurry applied in this way is solidified through drying or sintering. Preferably, the outer layer of the ceramic filter may be made of SiC having good thermal conductivity, and a pore size of 2 to 50 μm after drying or sintering may be suitable for filtering PM.

Through this, it is possible to simultaneously perform a purification operation such as nitrogen oxide reduction with filtration of PM such as dust, the function of this filter is as shown in detail in FIG.

The type of filter type dust collecting and purification apparatus for ship engine exhaust gas of the present invention including the double-layer ceramic filter as described above may have a configuration similar to that of a conventional dust collecting system, and as described above, the configuration of Korean Patent Registration No. 607335 is disclosed. It may have, and other applications of known dust collecting equipment can be applied thereto. Specific examples thereof are as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.

That is, PM accumulated in the outer layer of the ceramic filter through the double-layer ceramic filter may fall down the housing through vibration and pulsation of the engine, and is removed through back washing as shown in FIG. 7 as necessary. It may be done. In addition, if necessary, the housing may be coupled to the ship body on which the dust collecting purification apparatus is installed, with an elastic member interposed therebetween, so that vibration and pulsation of the engine may be transmitted to the dust collecting purification apparatus and not attenuated. That is, for this purpose it can be arranged as a spring on the lower surface of the housing can be coupled through the ship and a plurality of springs.

In addition, in addition to the vibration caused by the engine in addition to the occasional occasion when additional vibration is intermittently, a separate vibration generating device for adding a vibration to the ceramic filter inside or outside of the housing as needed may be further added.

Accordingly, the PM falling into the lower part of the housing comes into contact with the heating element installed in the lower part of the housing, and since the surface temperature of the heating element is controlled to correspond at least to the ignition temperature of the dust generated by the combustion of the diesel engine, the PM is in contact with the heating element. It burns and turns into ash. In this process, the PM is reduced in weight to 0.03% of the original PM weight, so that the amount of combustion residues of the PM collected at the bottom is minimal. In this case, in order to control the ignition temperature, the surface temperature during heating of the heating element may be controlled to 600 to 800 ° C.

In addition, the temperature of the dust collecting purification apparatus for removing NOx may be controlled by heating the heating element. That is, for SCR, the temperature of the chamber should be controlled to 300 to 400 ° C., preferably 350 ° C., but since the temperature of the engine exhaust gas is about 280 to 300 ° C., additional heating is required to satisfy the SCR condition. For this purpose, operation of the heating element is required. In addition, since the heating element should be above the flash point temperature during operation, temperature control can be controlled by controlling the number of movable heating elements among the plurality of heating elements, and when only a portion of the plurality of heating elements is operated, a part of the falling PM 4 to 6, the bottom surface of the housing has a configuration inclined downward to prevent the heating element from contacting the heating element, and thus, the heating element is concentrated and dropped on the narrowed bottom point. It is advisable to ensure that the PM is in contact with the heating element.

Through such a configuration, the removal of PM including dust and the reduction of nitrogen oxide are made, and an embodiment of the process chart for controlling the same is shown in FIG. 8. Here, the internal temperature control process through the heating element of the dust collecting purifier is not shown, which may be configured separately through a separate PLC, or may be configured as an integrated PLC.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the claims below. Changes are also included within the scope of the invention.

1 is a view showing a schematic diagram of a conventional exhaust gas purification system for marine engines.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a filter type dust collection and purification system for marine engine exhaust gas in the case of applying an embodiment of the filter type dust collection and purification apparatus for marine engine exhaust gas of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a filter type dust collection and purification system for marine engine exhaust gas when another embodiment of the filter type dust collection and purification apparatus for marine engine exhaust gas of the present invention is applied.

4 and 5 are schematic views of a filter type dust collection and purification system for marine engine exhaust gas in the case of applying another embodiment of the filter type dust collection and purification system for marine engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, showing a case viewed from the inlet end. (The exhaust gas is drawn in from the front of the ground to the back of the ground)

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a filter type dust collection and purification system for marine engine exhaust gas when another embodiment of the filter type dust collection and purification apparatus for marine engine exhaust gas of the present invention is applied. Incoming and discharged upwards)

7 is a view schematically showing the operation of the ceramic filter applied to the filter type dust purification device for ship engine exhaust gas of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view schematically illustrating a process diagram for performing denitrification and dust removal of engine exhaust gas by applying a filter type dust collecting and purification apparatus for marine engine exhaust gas of the present invention.

Claims (7)

A housing having an inlet end connected to an exhaust gas outlet line side of a marine diesel engine and an outlet end connected to an outside air to form an inner space; A ceramic filter separating the interior of the housing by isolating between the inlet and outlet ends and disposed between the inlet and outlet ends; And a heating element installed below the housing, The ceramic filter has a double layer structure of an outer layer and an inner layer having different pore sizes, and the inner layer carries a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, which is a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides, which is made of a metal oxide, and the outer layer is larger than the inner layer. Small pore size, The surface temperature of the heating element is a filter type dust collector for ship engine exhaust gas, characterized in that the ignition temperature of the dust generated by the combustion of the diesel engine. The method of claim 1, The ceramic filter Supporting a slurry including a ceramic powder and a catalyst powder for purification on a support made of a network or porous structure; Molding and drying the carrier; Sintering the dried and dried carrier to form an inner layer; And, And a slurry containing ceramic powder on the surface of the sintered body made of the sintering, and dried or secondary sintered to form an outer layer. 3. The method of claim 2, The porosity of the ceramic filter is 50 to 90% of the filter type dust purification apparatus for marine engine exhaust gas. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The ceramic filter is a hollow cylindrical shape of which one end is open and the other end is blocked. The exhaust gas purification catalyst is a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides, The internal temperature of the housing is filter-type dust collecting purification apparatus for ship engine exhaust gas, characterized in that controlled to 300 to 400 ℃ under the control of the heating element. 5. The method of claim 4, The housing is coupled to the ship body and the elastic member therebetween, The outer layer of the ceramic filter is made of SiC, the pore size is 2 to 50 ㎛, The exhaust gas purification catalyst is a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides consisting of metal oxides, Surface temperature at the time of heating of the heating element is filter type dust purification device for ship engine exhaust gas, characterized in that controlled to 600 to 800 ℃. The method of claim 5, And a separate vibration generating device for adding vibration to the ceramic filter inside or outside of the housing. The method of claim 1, The inner bottom of the housing is tilted narrowly downwards, And the heating element is disposed on an inner bottom surface of the housing.

Images