KR101108339B1 - Using codewords in a wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems, methods, and devices that can facilitate bandwidth efficient non-coherent signaling for uplink control channel transmissions are described. The communication device (eg, mobile device, base station) may be configured to use or generate a set of complex orthogonal codewords to facilitate the transmission of control channel information using non-coherent signaling in a bandwidth efficient manner. have. The complex orthogonal codeword set has a first subset of codewords that may have desirable cross-correlation characteristics and other set (s) of codewords that may include deleted codewords, wherein the deleted codewords are worst May include codeword pairs and / or discarded codewords that generate a cross-correlation property in the case of. Codeword sets and subsets are determined based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria. Some of the discarded codewords may be used for other purposes, such as erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, and / or multi-mode control channel operation.

Description

USING CODEWORDS IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM}

The present invention relates generally to wireless communication, and in particular, to the use of efficient codewords in a wireless communication system.

Cross-Reference of Related Applications

This patent application is entitled "A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EFFICIENTLY USING CODEWORDS IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM", filed February 9, 2007, application number 60 / 889,252, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. It claims priority over US provisional applications, which are included as.

Wireless communication systems are widely used to provide various types of communication, for example, voice and / or data may be provided through such wireless communication systems. A typical wireless communication system or network may provide multiple users access to one or more shared resources (eg, bandwidth, transmit power...). For example, the system may include frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems. And various multiple access techniques, such as orthogonal frequency divisions (OFDM).

In general, wireless multiple-access communication systems can simultaneously support communication for multiple mobile devices. Each mobile device can communicate with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the mobile devices, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the mobile devices to the base stations. Such a communication link may comprise a single-input-single-output (SISO), multiple-input-single-output (MISO), single-input-multi-output (SIMO), or multiple-input-multi-output (MIMO) system. It can be set through.

For example, the MIMO system can use multiple ( N _T ) transmit antennas and multiple ( N _R ) receive antennas for data transmission. The MIMO channel formed by the N _T transmit antennas and the N _R receive antennas may be split into N _S independent channels, also referred to as spatial channels, where N _S ≤ min { N _T , N _R } . Each of the N _S independent channels may correspond to a dimension. If additional dimensionalities generated by multiple transmit and receive antennas are used, the MIMO system may provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and / or greater reliability). Can provide.

The MIMO system can support time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. In a TDD system, the forward and reverse link transmissions are over the same frequency domain, with the result that the reciprocity principle allows the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This may allow the access point to extract the transmit beamforming gain over the forward link if multiple antennas are available at the access point.

Wireless communication systems often use one or more base stations to provide a coverage area. A typical base station may transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, multicast and / or unicast services, where the data stream may be a stream of data that may have independent reception of interest to the mobile device. Mobile devices within the coverage area of such base stations can be used to receive one, more than one, or all data streams carried by a composite stream. As such, the mobile device can transmit data to the base station or other mobile device.

Transmissions between the mobile device and the base station may be over traffic channels and control channels. Transmissions for traffic channels between the mobile device and the base station can be made using complex orthogonal modulation. In particular, where complex orthogonal transmissions are used for traffic channel transmissions, it is desirable to use complex orthogonal modulation for uplink control channel transmissions. However, efficient single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink control channel design, in part, has conflicting requirements that must be considered for the design of uplink control channels (eg, For example, bandwidth limitations, etc.).

The following description provides a simplified description of one or more embodiments to provide a basic understanding of the described embodiments. This section is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, nor is it intended to identify key or critical elements of all embodiments, or to describe the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments described in simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In accordance with one or more embodiments and the corresponding invention, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating the transmission of control channel information between communication devices in a communication environment (eg, a wireless communication environment). The present invention utilizes and configures for bandwidth-efficient non-coherent signaling associated with single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) to transfer control channel information between communication devices. A set of complex orthogonal codewords can be used. The complex orthogonal codeword set may comprise a first subset of codewords having desirable cross-correlation characteristics and other subset (s) of codewords that may include deleted codewords, wherein the deleted code Words can include discarded codewords and / or codeword pairs that produce undesirable cross-correlation characteristics (eg, worst cross-correlation characteristics), where such codewords are required spectral efficiency. Can be discarded to meet The codeword set and subsets may be determined based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. Multi-mode operation associated with complex codewords can be used to further improve bandwidth efficiency. In addition, the discarded codewords, or portions thereof, may be used for other required purposes, such as erase decoding and / or interference-level estimation, for example, to facilitate improved bandwidth efficiency.

According to related aspects, a method for facilitating information transfer in a wireless communication environment, for example, is described. The method may comprise generating a set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of information including control channel information. Further, the method may include deleting a subset of codewords to be discarded from the set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communication device. The wireless communications apparatus can include a memory that retains instructions related to transmitting information using complex orthogonal codewords generated based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. The wireless communications apparatus can also include a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute instructions held in the memory.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus for the transmission of information. The apparatus may include a codeword generator for generating complex orthogonal codewords based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion for transmission of information including control channel information. The apparatus may include a deleter that deletes codewords based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communication device for the transmission of information, for example in a wireless communication environment. The wireless communications apparatus can include means for generating subsets of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of information. The wireless communications apparatus can also include means for deleting a subset of codewords to be discarded from the generated set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria.

Another aspect includes instructions for generating a set of complex orthogonal codewords for information transmission, and deleting a subset of codewords to be discarded among the set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria. Machine-executable instructions, including instructions for, are associated with a stored machine-readable medium.

According to another aspect, an apparatus of a wireless communication system may include a processor, the processor may be configured to use a set of generated complex orthogonal codewords, wherein the set of complex orthogonal codewords is a predefined codeword It is generated based at least in part on the criteria. Moreover, the processor may be configured to use a portion of the generated set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of control channel information based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria.

According to other aspects, a method for transmission of information associated with a communication environment is described herein. The method includes receiving signals associated with a set of generated complex orthogonal codewords to transmit information comprising control channel information based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. The method may also include decoding the received signals.

Another aspect is to receive signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information comprising control channel information based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria, and decoding the received signals. And a memory that retains instructions associated with the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device can also include a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute instructions held in the memory.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communication device for transmission of information in a wireless communication environment. The wireless communications apparatus can include means for receiving signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information comprising control channel information based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria. The wireless communications apparatus can also include means for decoding the received signals.

Another aspect includes instructions for receiving signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information including control channel information based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria, and decoding the received signals. It relates to a machine-readable medium on which machine-executable instructions including instructions for doing so are stored.

According to another aspect, an apparatus in a wireless communication system may include a processor, the processor generating a complex orthogonal code generated to transmit information including control channel information based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion And may be configured to receive signals associated with the set of words. In addition, the processor may be configured to decode the received signals. Moreover, the processor may be configured to perform erasure decoding of received signals using the subset of the generated set of codewords, the subset comprising discarded codewords.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more embodiments. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various embodiments may be employed, and the described embodiments are to be interpreted as including all of these aspects and their equivalents.

1 is an illustration of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.

2 is an illustration of an example of a system that may facilitate generation of codewords to facilitate information transfer between communication devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is an exemplary diagram of an example of a method that may facilitate information transmission in a wireless communication environment.

4 is an example diagram of an example of a method that may facilitate generation of codewords to facilitate transmission of information associated with a wireless communication system.

5 is an illustration of an example of a method that can facilitate the transmission of information associated with a wireless communication system using scrambling.

6 is an illustration of an example of a method that may facilitate erasure decoding to facilitate transmission of information associated with a wireless communication system.

7 is an illustration of another example of a method that can facilitate erasure decoding to facilitate transmission of information associated with a wireless communication system.

8 is an illustration of an example of a mobile device that can facilitate information transmission or reception associated with a wireless communication system.

9 is an illustration of an example of a system that can facilitate the transmission or reception of information associated with a wireless communication system.

10 is an illustration of an example of a wireless network environment that can be used in connection with the various systems and methods described herein.

11 is an illustration of an example of a system that may facilitate information transfer between communication devices associated with a wireless communication environment.

12 is an illustration of an example of a system that may facilitate information transfer between communication devices associated with a wireless communication environment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Various embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout the specification. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment (s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.

 As used herein, the terms “component”, “module”, “system”, and the like may refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or running software. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. For example, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution, and a component can be localized within one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may for example be signals having one or more data packets (eg, from a local system, data from one component interacting with other components in a distributed system, and / or via a network, such as the Internet, via another system via a signal). Data interacting with one another), through local and / or remote processing.

In addition, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a mobile device. A mobile device may be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE). . Mobile devices connect to cellular telephones, cordless telephones, session initiation protocol (SIP) telephones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless connectivity, computing devices, or wireless modems. May be another processing device. Moreover, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station may be used to communicate with mobile terminal (s) and may be referred to as an access point, Node B, or some other terminology.

In addition, the various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is to be understood to include a computer program, carrier, or medium accessible from any computer-readable device. For example, computer-readable media may include magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (eg, compact disks (CDs), digital general purpose disks ( DVD), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (eg, EPROM, cards, sticks, key drives, etc.). In addition, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term “machine-readable medium” may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, holding, and / or delivering instruction (s) and / or data.

1, a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated in accordance with various embodiments presented herein. The system 100 includes a base station 102 that may include multiple antenna groups. For example, one antenna group may include antennas 104 and 106, another group may include antennas 108 and 110, and an additional group may include antennas 112 and 114. can do. Although two antennas are illustrated for each antenna group, more or fewer antennas may be used for each group. In addition, the base station 102 may include a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, each of which includes a plurality of components (eg, processors) associated with signal transmission and reception, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. , Modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.) in turn.

Base station 102 may communicate with one or more mobile devices, such as mobile device 116 and mobile device 122, although base station 102 may be any number of mobile devices 116 and 112 similar to each other. It should be understood that it can communicate with mobile devices. Mobile devices 116 and 122 are, for example, cellular telephones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and And / or any other suitable device for communicating via wireless communication system 100. As shown, mobile device 116 communicates with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to mobile device 116 via forward link 118, Information is received from the mobile device 116 via the reverse link 120. In addition, mobile device 122 communicates with antennas 104 and 106 and antennas 104 and 106, where antennas 104 and 106 are informed to mobile device 122 via forward link 124. And receive information from the mobile device 122 via the reverse link 126. For example, in a frequency division duplex (PDD) system, the forward link 118 may use a different frequency band than the frequency band used by the reverse link 120, and the forward link 124 may be a reverse link 126. A frequency band different from the frequency band used by) can be used. In addition, in a time division duplex (TDD) system, the forward link 118 and the reverse link 120 may use a common frequency band, and the forward link 124 and the reverse link 126 may use a common frequency band. .

Each group of antennas and / or the area in which the antennas are designated to communicate may be referred to as a sector of base station 102. For example, antenna groups may be designated to communicate to mobile devices (eg, 116) in a sector of the areas covered by base station 102. In communication over forward links 118 and 124, the transmit antennas of base station 102 use beamforming to signal-to-forward links of forward links 118 and 124 to mobile devices 116 and 122. The noise ratio can be improved. In addition, base station 102 may transmit to mobile devices 116 and 122 using randomly distributed beamforming over the associated coverage, while mobile devices in adjacent cells are connected to all mobile devices of the base station via a single antenna. May receive less interference as compared to a base station transmitting to the network.

It may be desirable to transmit control channels to communication devices (eg, mobile device, base station) using non-coherent signaling such as orthogonal modulation. For example, if orthogonal multiplexing such as single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used for the traffic channels, the control channel (s) (e.g., downlink channel signal) It may be desirable to use orthogonal multiplexing for the channel quality indicator channel (CQICH), which can convey the interference-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) measurement information and can be used as an uplink power control criterion, because This is because the same or similar interference may be observed between the traffic channel and the control channel in view. For example, after decoding the control channel, by using the same type of multiplexing (eg, orthogonal), the channel state (eg, interference state) of the control channel can be measured and improved control of the traffic channel. And / or to a traffic channel to facilitate decoding, which may improve the transmission and reception of signals on the traffic channel. This channel state information is not available if not using the same type of multiplexing (eg, orthogonal) as the traffic channel. Another reason for the use of orthogonal modulation based on non-coherent signaling is that coherent signaling has pilot overhead, while orthogonal modulation using non-coherent signaling will eliminate uplink pilot overhead. Can be.

Traditionally, the efficiency of orthogonal codes for control channel information transmission may be undesirably low. The present invention can extend orthogonal modulation from binary to complex (e.g., quaternary) modulation, which can significantly improve bandwidth efficiency. In addition, the present invention can optimize the efficiency of an orthogonal control channel by designing a set of bandwidth-efficient complex codewords that can have significantly improved cross-correlation characteristics, which is the tone used for orthogonal multiplexing of uplink control channels. may facilitate the reduction of the number of tones, facilitate interference-level estimation, erasure detection, and / or facilitate simultaneous or near simultaneous transmission of multiple types of control information (eg For example, CQICH, Precoding Matrix Indicator Channel (PMICH), Scheduling Request Channel (SRCH), etc.). For example, the present invention can design a desired (eg, large) set of complex orthogonal codewords and generate a bandwidth-efficient non-coherent signaling set of codewords with desirable cross-correlation characteristics. The worst case codewords and / or additional codewords can be deleted from the complex orthogonal code. In addition, multi-mode operation can be used to further improve bandwidth efficiency using designed complex codewords.

의 상관)을 생성하는 후보 코드워드들은 먼저 삭제될 수 있고, 이는 나머지 코드워드들의 각각의 쌍들 사이의 최악의 경우의 상호 상관을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 미리 결정된 수의 나머지 코드워드들은 요구되는 스펙트럼 효율(예를 들어, 주어진 수의 톤들에 대하여 요구되는 수의 유효한 코드워드들)을 충족시키기 위해서 폐기될 수 있다. 폐기되는 워드들은 다른 목적들 예를 들어, 간섭-레벨 추정, 삭제 검출 등을 위해서 사용될 수 있다.As an example, typically, binary orthogonal modulation based on non-coherent signaling may include a (256, 8) Hadamard code to convey 8 bits, and such binary orthogonal signaling is up. Since it will exceed the bandwidth budget for orthogonal multiplexing of link control channels and will also provide an excessively low code rate (e.g. 1/32), it would take 256 tones, which could be an undesirable high amount. Can be. According to various embodiments, the present invention reduces the number of tones used to convey 8 bits for orthogonal multiplexing of uplink control channels to a significantly smaller number of tones (eg, 32 tones or less). You can. For example, the present invention uses control quadrature modulation (eg, quadrature phase-shift modulation (QPSK)) for non-coherent signaling to facilitate bandwidth efficient non-coherent signaling. The number of tones used for transmission can be reduced compared to binary orthogonal modulation. Poor correlation (for example,

Candidate codewords may be deleted first, which may improve worst case cross correlation between respective pairs of remaining codewords. In addition, the predetermined number of remaining codewords may be discarded to meet the required spectral efficiency (eg, the required number of valid codewords for a given number of tones). The discarded words can be used for other purposes, such as interference-level estimation, deletion detection, and the like.

According to one aspect, a communication device, such as a mobile device (eg, 116 and / or base station 102), may comprise uplink control channels (eg, CQICH, associated with, for example, SC-FDM or OFDM). And use complex sequences for bandwidth efficient non-coherent signaling for PMICH, SRCH, etc.). The communication device may transmit control channel information of the required number of bits, where such control channel information may be transmitted using complex orthogonal modulation.

Although the invention is described herein with respect to a mobile device (eg, 116) and a base station 102, the invention is not limited thereto, and aspects of the invention may be in a wireless environment or in a wired environment. However, it should be understood that in practice it can be used in any communication device.

According to one embodiment, complex orthogonal modulation may be used and used by communication device (s) (eg, 102, 116), where high order modulation (eg, QPSK) is controlled It may be used for non-coherent signaling to facilitate a reduction in the number of tones used to transmit channel information. In one aspect, the number of bits of control channel information required to be transmitted may be divided into multiple sets of bits, each set of bits being individually encoded (eg, using a Hadamard code) Can be. By dividing the bits of the control channel information into multiple sets, the number of tones used is based, for example, on the basis of the number of bits in each group of bits and / or at least in part based on the number of groups of bits. It may be reduced to the specified number of tones compared to the number of tones used when not divided. Constellation can be extended from binary to quaternary, one subset of bits can be sent for in-phase (I-phase), and another subset of bits Can be transmitted for quadrature-phase (Q-phase), so that each sequence of control channel information can be modulated using higher order modulation (e.g., QPSK), It can be transmitted on a number of tones. In another aspect, the codeword is a particular complex pseudo-random noise of a specified length (e.g., equal to the number of tones in each set) to provide better autocorrelation in a multipath channel. (PN) may be scrambled by the sequence.

For example, in order to transmit control channel information of the required number of bits (eg, 8 bits) using binary orthogonal modulation based on non-coherent signaling, the signaling is (256, 8) Hadamard Code, and such binary orthogonal signaling may take 2 ⁸ tones (eg, 256 tones). By using complex orthogonal modulation, the number of tones used to transmit the control channel information of the required number of bits can be reduced to sixteen tones, for example to transmit eight bits. In one aspect, the control channel information of the required number of bits can be separated into multiple sets of bits (eg, two sets of bits), each set individually using the appropriate Hadamard code Can be encoded. The constellation can be extended from binary to quaternary, four bits can be sent for the I-phase, and four bits can be sent for the Q-phase, resulting in (eg, conventional Instead of using 2 ⁸ tones (as using binary orthogonal modulation of s), 2 ⁴ tones may be used. For example, 8 bits can be separated into two sets of four information bits, each set can be individually encoded by a (16, 4) Hadamard code. Two 16-long real binary sequences can be represented by pairs (c _{I , m} , c _{Q , m} ) (m = 0, 1, ..., 255). Binary sequences can be QPSK modulated by s _m = c _{I , m} + jc _{Q , m} and transmitted on 16 tones.

In another aspect, the codeword may be scrambled by a UE specific complex PN sequence of length 16 to provide better autocorrelation in a multipath channel. Despite the significant bandwidth reduction, two different codewords, for example

일 수 있다. 가능한 한(요구되는 스펙트럼 효율이 달성가능한 범위까지) 많은 이러한 높은 상관 경우들(예를 들어,

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값)을 제거하는 것이 바람직하다는 점이 가장 중요한데, 여기서 복소 코드워드는 I-위상 또는 Q-위상 중 하나에 완전히 일치한다 ― I-위상에 완전히 일치하는 경우, 바람직하지 않은 상관이 존재할 수 있고, Q-위상에 완전히 일치하는 경우, 바람직하지 않은 상관이 존재할 수 있음 ―. 하나의 코드워드의 I-위상이 다른 코드워드의 Q-위상과 완전히 일치하는 경우, 이러한 코드워드들에 대해서도 역시 바람직하지 않은 상관이 존재할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 플랫 페이딩 채널(flat fading channel)에서, 복소 채널 계수 h 가 곱해진 후, 정규화된 분산을 가지는 배경 잡음 벡터 z 가 합산되면, 수신기(예를 들어, 기지국(102))는

를 관측할 수 있다. It may be difficult to apply this set of QPSK codewords to actual non-coherent signaling due to the significant cross-correlation between. It should be noted that cross-correlation between codewords is an important parameter that governs the performance of non-coherent signaling. Typically, a pair of different codewords will not have a correlation value of 1 (unity), due to the difference in either the I-phase or the Q-phase. In many cases, the pair of codewords may be orthogonal to the I-phase but coincident with the Q-phase, or vice versa. Each time both the I-phase and Q-phase are orthogonal, the correlation value (e.g., correlation characteristic) may be zero, but one of the I-phase or Q-phase matches but the other phase is orthogonal, or If the I-phase of the first codeword matches the Q-phase of the second codeword but the Q-phase of the remaining first codewords is orthogonal to the I-phase of the second codeword, the correlation value is 1/2 or

Can be. As many of these high correlation cases as possible (to the extent that the required spectral efficiency is achievable) (eg

Most importantly, it is desirable to remove the worst case cross-correlation value of the complex codeword, where the complex codewords perfectly match either the I-phase or the Q-phase-if the I-phase completely matches, An undesired correlation may exist, and if a perfect match is in the Q-phase, an undesirable correlation may exist. If the I-phase of one codeword completely coincides with the Q-phase of the other codeword, there may also be undesirable correlation for these codewords as well. For example, in a flat fading channel, if the complex channel coefficient h is multiplied and then the background noise vector z with normalized variance is summed, then the receiver (e.g., base station 102)

Can be observed.

Since then, the optimal non-coherent receiver

We can obtain a codeword that maximizes.

For diversity reception of order L in a Rayleigh fading channel (e.g. due to multipath or multiple receive antennas), the optimal metric is

이며, 여기서,

은 코드워드의 l번째 다이버시티 수신이고,

은 l번째 다이버시티 채널의 롱-텀(long-term) 평균 전력이며,

는 유효한 코드워드들의 공통 에너지이다. 채널 프로파일이 측정가능한 경우,

은

로 설정될 수 있다. Can be changed to

Lt; / RTI >

Is the lth diversity reception of the codeword,

Is the long-term average power of the lth diversity channel,

Is the common energy of valid codewords. If the channel profile is measurable,

silver

It can be set to.

의 상관 값을 초래할 수 있는 다른 코드워드의 2 차원들과 코드워드의 1차원의 완전한 충돌로부터 비롯된 것이므로, 코드워드 길이가 증가하는 경우에도, 높은 상호-상관은 상기 직교 복소 코드 설계에서 감소하지 않는다.Typically, a high correlation is one dimension or of another codeword that can result in a correlation value of 1/2

High cross-correlation does not decrease in the orthogonal complex code design, even if the codeword length is increased, since it originates from a complete collision of two dimensions of the codeword with one dimension of the codeword, which can result in a correlation value of. .

및

)이 다음의 2개의 조건들을 만족시킬 경우, 피크 상호-상관

는 상기 코드워드들 사이에서 발생할 수 있다. According to another embodiment, independent real scrambling codes are generated in each codeword I to facilitate a reduction in peak cross-correlation of complex orthogonal modulation at a non-coherent receiver (eg, base station 102). It can be applied to -phase and Q-phase. For example, two complex orthogonal codewords (

And

Peak cross-correlation, if) satisfies the following two conditions:

May occur between the codewords.

및

에 의해 표현될 수 있고, 결과 복소 직교 코드워드들은 다음과 같은 형태를 취할 수 있으며, In order to reduce the peak cross-correlation of complex orthogonal modulation at the non-coherent receiver, independent real scrambling codes can be applied to the I-phase and Q-phase of each codeword, where the first real scrambling code is It can be applied to the I-phase, and other real scrambling codes can be applied to the Q-phase of each codeword. Two separate scrambling codes for I-phase and Q-phase

And

And the resulting complex orthogonal codewords can take the form:

)는 벡터들(a 및 b)의 엘리먼트-별 곱셈(element-wise multiplication)으로서 정의될 수 있다. 다른 양상에서, 코드워드들은 다중경로 채널에서 보다 양호한 자기상관을 제공하기 위해서 특정된 길이(예를 들어, 상기 예에서 길이 16)의 UE 특정 복소 PN 시퀀스에 의해 추가적으로 스크램블링될 수 있다.Where operator (

Can be defined as element-wise multiplication of the vectors a and b. In another aspect, codewords may be further scrambled by a UE specific complex PN sequence of a specified length (eg, length 16 in the example above) to provide better autocorrelation in a multipath channel.

및

) 사이의 상호-상관은 그것이 Two different codewords (

And

) The cross-correlation between

이고,

은 코드워드 쌍과

및

의 상호-상관 특성에 의존할 수 있는 의사-랜덤 변수들이다.

및

는 독립적인 2진 시퀀스들이고,

및

은 시퀀스 길이 N에 대하여 1/4N의 분산을 가지는 제로-평균 가우시안 랜덤 변수들로서 근사화될 수 있다고 가정한다. 따라서, 랜덤 스크램블링 시퀀스들에 대하여, 피크 상관은 As can be taken, where,

ego,

Is a codeword pair

And

These are pseudo-random variables that can depend on the cross-correlation property of.

And

Are independent binary sequences,

And

Is assumed to be approximated as zero-mean Gaussian random variables with a variance of 1 / 4N over the sequence length N. Thus, for random scrambling sequences, the peak correlation is

는 N이 큰 경우

보다 더 작을 수 있다. N = 16(N은 상기 예에 따라 16과 동일한 것으로 결정됨)의 예에서, 통상적인 상관 값은 Can be explained statistically by

If N is large

Can be smaller than In the example of N = 16 (N is determined to be equal to 16 according to the above example), the typical correlation value is

및

)을 설계함으로써, 넌-코히런트 복조의 성능은 향상될 수 있다.It can be calculated as However, the worst case cross-correlation may be greater than this typical correlation value (lower bound of Welch). Pairs of scrambling sequences so that worst-case cross-correlation between I-phase and Q-phase can be minimized or reduced (

And

), The performance of non-coherent demodulation can be improved.

According to another embodiment, the bits of the control channel information may be divided into a plurality of subsets, which subsets may be transmitted via separate time division multiplexing (TDM) or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) resources. , Where partitioning of these bits may facilitate the reduction and / or control of the worst-case cross-correlation property. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, binary orthogonal modulation may be used, wherein the first subset of bits of control channel information is to be transmitted to a receiver (eg, base station 102) on the first subset of tones. And another subset of bits of control channel information may be sent to the receiver on another subset of tones.

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 특성은 코드워드들 사이에서 만나지 않을 것인데, 왜냐하면 이러한 실시예에서, 제 1 서브세트 또는 제 2 서브세트 중 하나는 소정의 다른 코드워드로 완전히 정렬될 수 있으므로, 이러한 실시예에서 생성된 최악의 경우의 상호-상관이 많아야 1/2의 값을 가질 수 있기 때문이다. 비트들의 제 1 서브세트 및 비트들의 다른 서브세트의 개별 전송들을 사용함으로써, 개별 대역폭을 사용하여 상기 설명된 복소 직교 변조 경우에 비해

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관의 값이 회피될 수 있다.As a result,

The worst-case cross-correlation property of N will not meet between codewords, because in this embodiment, either one of the first subset or the second subset may be completely aligned with some other codeword, such that This is because the worst case cross-correlation generated in the embodiment can have a value of 1/2 at most. By using separate transmissions of the first subset of bits and the other subset of bits, using the individual bandwidths compared to the complex orthogonal modulation case described above

The worst case cross-correlation value of can be avoided.

For example, continuing to follow the previous example, which includes 8 bits of control channel information, the 8 bits of control channel information may be separated into two subsets of 4 information bits, each subset being (16). 4) can be encoded separately by Hadamard code. Two 16 length real binary sequences (e.g., sub-codewords) can be modulated by binary phase-shift modulation (BPSK), each transmitted on two sets of 16 frequency tones Can be. Each sub-codeword may be scrambled by a UE specific complex PN sequence of a specified length (eg, 16 bits in this example) to provide enhanced autocorrelation in a multipath channel. At the receiver (eg, base station 102), the information bits transmitted on the two sets of resources can be decoded separately by the peak energy detector (eg, 1 of 16 in the example above) and It may be concatenated to recover the original information bit sequence of 8 bits.

으로부터 1/2로 향상될 수 있다.In the example of transmitting 8 bits of control channel information, 32 tones are used to transmit 8 information bits, which is larger than the 16 tones used for complex orthogonal modulation but used for primitive single binary orthogonal modulation. Much smaller than 256 tones. Note that when all of the subsets of information bits are successfully decoded, the decoding is successful. In terms of cross-correlation, the normalized worst-case cross-correlation generated may be 1/2, which may occur when one of the first or second sub-codewords of the two codewords match. have. Thus, compared to complex orthogonal modulation, in the worst case cross-correlation consumes twice the time-bandwidth (e.g., 32 tones instead of 16 tones).

From 1/2 to.

일 수 있고, 여기서 N은 확산 인자(또는 적분 길이)이다. 따라서, 상기 예에서, 16개의 톤들의 2개의 세트들은 개별적으로 전송되고, 다중경로 저항은 대략

일 수 있는 32개의 톤들에 대한 다중경로 저항에 비해, 대략

로 강등(degrade)될 수 있다. In addition, when two resources experience different channels, multiple real orthogonal modulation in terms of multipath resistance performance due to the short length (or despread period) of each sub-codeword (eg, 16 tones) May not be efficient, it may be desirable to allocate two sub-codewords together within coherent time and coherent bandwidth. Approximately from normalized out-of-peak values of autocorrelation of random sequences

Where N is the diffusion factor (or integral length). Thus, in the above example, two sets of 16 tones are transmitted separately, and the multipath resistance is approximately

Compared to multipath resistance for 32 tones, which can be approximately

Can be demoted.

의 상관을 생성하는 모든 코드워드 쌍들을 삭제하거나, 적어도 이러한 코드워드 쌍들을 가능한 한 많이 삭제하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다. 따라서, 예를 들어 하나의 코드워드의 I-위상 및 Q-위상 모두가 다른 코드워드의 I-위상 또는 Q-위상 중 하나와 일치하는 코드워드들의 쌍들(예를 들어, 여기서 설명된 바와 같이, 수식들 4a 및 4b 각각과 연관된 조건 1 및 조건 2를 만족시키는 코드워드 쌍들)을 삭제하는 것이 바람직할 수 있다.According to another embodiment, an expurgation-based complex orthogonal code may be designed, and to facilitate the transmission of control channel information to a receiver (eg, another communication device), such as a mobile device (eg, 116). And / or a communication device such as base station 102. In one aspect, the erasure-based complex orthogonal code may be designed through a combination of two high-rate orthogonal modulation techniques, as described herein. The design of the code in which undesirable codewords (eg, codeword pairs associated with worst-case cross-correlation value (s)) are deleted from the set of available codewords results in a bandwidth efficient transmission of control channel information. Can be facilitated. E.g,

It may be desirable to delete all codeword pairs that produce a correlation of or at least delete as many of these codeword pairs as possible. Thus, for example, pairs of codewords in which both the I-phase and Q-phase of one codeword coincide with either the I-phase or Q-phase of another codeword (eg, as described herein, It may be desirable to delete the codeword pairs that satisfy Condition 1 and Condition 2 associated with Equations 4a and 4b, respectively.

)을 생성하는 코드워드들과 같은 코드워드들의 서브세트는 미리 정의된 코드워드 기준에 적어도 부분적으로 기초하여 삭제될 수 있다. 또한, 코드워드들의 세트의 다수의 코드워드들은 삭제 및 폐기될 수 있고, 그 결과 미리 정의된 코드워드 기준에 적어도 부분적으로 기초하여 요구되는 비트 수의 제어 채널 정보의 전송을 용이하게 할 수 있는 요구되는(예를 들어, 최소한의) 수의 나머지 코드워드들이 존재하며, 여기서 이러한 폐기된 코드워드들, 또는 그 일부는 다른 목적들(예를 들어, 간섭-레벨 추정, 삭제 검출, 멀티-모드 제어 채널 등)을 위해서 사용될 수 있다. 미리 정의된 코드워드 기준은 예를 들어, 이용가능한 대역폭, 코드워드들의 세트에서 코드워드들의 수, 주어진 시간에 전송될 제어 채널 정보의 비트들의 수, 코드워드들의 각각의 쌍의 상호-상관 값, 사용되도록 요구되는 직교 변조 전송 타입, 코드워드들 사이의 정의된 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값, 제어 채널 정보의 전송을 용이하게 하기 위해서 사용되는 톤들의 수, 다른 목적들(예를 들어, 간섭-레벨 추정, 삭제 검출, 멀티-모드 제어 채널 등)을 위하여 이용될 수 있도록 하기 위해서 요구되는 폐기된 코드워드들의 수, 및/또는 다른 인자들과 관련될 수 있다.According to one aspect, complex orthogonal modulation (eg, QPSK) may be used and the set of codewords may be generated based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. In addition, worst-case inter-modulation values (e.g.,

The subset of codewords, such as codewords that generate) may be deleted based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. In addition, multiple codewords of a set of codewords may be deleted and discarded, resulting in a request that may facilitate the transmission of control channel information of the required number of bits based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria. There are a (e.g., minimal) number of remaining codewords, where these discarded codewords, or portions thereof, serve other purposes (e.g., interference-level estimation, erase detection, multi-mode control). Channel, etc.). The predefined codeword criteria may include, for example, the available bandwidth, the number of codewords in the set of codewords, the number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, the cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, Orthogonal modulation transmission type required to be used, defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, number of tones used to facilitate the transmission of control channel information, other purposes (e.g., interference -Number of discarded codewords required to be available for use (e.g., level estimation, erase detection, multi-mode control channel, etc.), and / or other factors.

In one aspect, a set of predetermined length real binary orthogonal (eg, Hadamard) sequences may be generated. A pair of other sequences in the set of sequences can be selected, which can result in a certain number of available codewords based at least in part on the selected sequences. The other sequences selected may result in the minimum number of codewords required to transmit the required number of bits of control channel information (eg, CQICH). In addition, one of the other sequences may be used for the I-phase, and the other separate sequence may be used for the Q-phase to generate a complex codeword. If there are additional codewords exceeding the number of codewords required to facilitate the transmission of bits of control channel information, the additional codewords may be used for the required spectrum efficiency (e.g., for a given number of tones). May be deleted and discarded to meet the required number of valid codewords). Discarded codewords may be used for other purposes, such as interference-level estimation, erase detection, use in multi-mode control channel operation, and the like.

에 의한 길이 24인 실수 2진 직교(예를 들어, 하다마드) 시퀀스 들의 세트들이 발생될 수 있다. 24개의 2진 직교 시퀀스들 중 다른 시퀀스들의 쌍

은 선택될 수 있고, 이것은

개의 이용가능한 코드워드들(예를 들어,

개의 코드워드들)을 제공할 수 있다. 23개의 하다마드 코드워드가 존재하지 않으므로, 예를 들어 24개의 하다마드 코드워드는 8 비트의 제어 채널 정보의 전송을 용이하게 하기 위해서 최소한의 요구되는 수의 이용가능한 코드워드들(예를 들어, 256개의 코드워드들)을 초래할 수 있는 가장 작은 코드워드가 될 수 있고, 따라서 최소한의 요구되는 수의 이용가능한 코드워드들을 생성할 수 없는 다음의 가장 작은 이용가능한 하다마드 코드워드는 20개이다. 8 비트의 제어 채널 정보의 전송을 수용하기 위해서 256개의 코드워드들을 가지는 것이 요구됨에 따라, 256개의 코드워드들의 서브세트는 미리 정의된 설계 기준(예를 들어, 미리 정의된 코드워드 기준)을 적용시킴으로써 선택될 수 있고, 선택되지 않은 코드워드들은 삭제 또는 폐기될 수 있다. 일 양상에서, 폐기된 20개의 코드워드들은 다른 목적들(예를 들어, 간섭-레벨 추정, 삭제 검출, 멀티-모드 제어 채널 동작에서의 사용 등)을 위해서 사용될 수 있다. 길이 24의 k번째 삭제된 복소 직교 코드워드는

에 의해 발생될 수 있고, 여기서 스크램블링 코드(

)가 사용될 수 있으며, 다중경로 채널에서 보다 양호한 자기상관을 제공하기 위해서 사용될 수 있는 통신 디바이스-특정 정규화된 복소 PN 시퀀스일 수 있다. 상기 수식에 대하여, 연산자(

)는 (여기서, 정의된 바와 같이) 벡터들의 엘리먼트-별 곱셈을 나타내고,

는 k번째 코드워드에 대응하는 다른 2진 직교 시퀀스들의 쌍일 수 있다. 설계된 코드워드가 복소 코드워드이고, 상기 복소 코드워드에 공통 복소 PN 시퀀스가 곱해지므로, 바람직한 상관 구조의 변화는 존재하지 않고, 각각의 코드워드의 자기상관 특성에서의 향상이 존재할 수 있어 각각의 코드워드가 보다 견고해질 수 있고, 다중경로 간섭을 보다 양호하게 억제할 수 있다.For example, continuing with the example where it is required to transmit 8 bits of control channel information, the deleted complex orthogonal code may be generated as follows.

A set of real binary orthogonal (eg, Hadamard) sequences of length 24 may be generated. Pair of other sequences out of 24 binary orthogonal sequences

Can be chosen, and this

Available codewords (e.g.,

Codewords). Since 23 Hadamard codewords do not exist, for example, 24 Hadamard codewords require a minimum required number of available codewords (e.g., to facilitate the transmission of 8 bits of control channel information. The smallest codeword that can result in 256 codewords), so the next smallest available Hadamard codeword that cannot produce the minimum required number of available codewords is 20. As it is required to have 256 codewords to accommodate the transmission of 8 bits of control channel information, a subset of the 256 codewords applies predefined design criteria (eg, predefined codeword criteria). Can be selected, and codewords not selected can be deleted or discarded. In one aspect, the 20 discarded codewords can be used for other purposes (eg, interference-level estimation, erase detection, use in multi-mode control channel operation, etc.). The kth deleted complex orthogonal codeword of length 24 is

Can be generated by the scrambling code (

) May be used and may be a communication device-specific normalized complex PN sequence that may be used to provide better autocorrelation in a multipath channel. For the above formula, the operator (

) Represents the element-by-element multiplication of the vectors (as defined herein),

May be another pair of binary orthogonal sequences corresponding to the k th codeword. Since the designed codeword is a complex codeword and the complex codeword is multiplied by a common complex PN sequence, there is no change in the desirable correlation structure, and there may be an improvement in the autocorrelation characteristics of each codeword so that each code Words can be more robust and can better suppress multipath interference.

)으로 인하여 만족될 수 없으므로, 삭제에 의해 설계된 세트 내의 임의의 2개의 복소 직교 시퀀스들 사이의 최악의 경우의 정규화된 상호-상관은 1/2이 된다. 다중 실수 직교 변조 또는 코히런트 2번째 RM 코드 또한 1/2의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관을 가질 수 있는 반면, 여기서 이전에 설명된 복소 직교 변조를 통한 소정의 넌-코히런트 시그널링 방식들은 보다 큰 상호-상관 값들

및

을 각각 가질 수 있다는 점에 유의하여야 한다.Condition 1 and 2 (eg, as discussed herein with respect to Equations 4a and 4b) apply a codeword deletion condition that is applied to the code design.

Cannot be satisfied, the worst case normalized cross-correlation between any two complex orthogonal sequences in the set designed by deletion is 1/2. Multiple real orthogonal modulation or coherent second RM code may also have a worst case cross-correlation of 1/2, while certain non-coherent signaling schemes with complex orthogonal modulation described previously are Cross-correlation Values

And

It should be noted that each may have

In contrast, the transmitting communication device (e.g., mobile device 116) uses a receiver of 8 bits of control channel information over 24 tones via non-coherent signaling using erase-based complex orthogonal modulation. For example, the transmission to the base station 102 can be facilitated, and the erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation is in terms of bandwidth efficiency rather than multiple real orthogonal modulation, which transmits 8-bit control channel information to the receiver using 32 tones. Better. Moreover, since the despread length can be the same as the codeword length, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation can be better than multiple real orthogonal modulation in terms of multipath interference suppression efficiency. For example, in this example using 24 tones, the suppression ability may be proportional to 1/24, which is proportional to 1/16, as in the former example (eg, 24 tones). Compared to the example of using 32 tones divided into two sets of 16 tones, which may have an overall suppression capability, the entire allocated spectrum of which is the latter example (e.g., of 16 tones Instead of two separate codeword portions in two sets), it may be used for one portion of codewords.

According to another aspect, a receiver (eg, a communication device, such as base station 102 or mobile device 116) is used to reduce receiver complexity (eg, with respect to equations (2)-(3) herein. Suboptimal multi-peak non-coherent decoding may be used instead of optimal decoding (as described), but suboptimal multi-peak non-coherent decoding may potentially degrade decoding performance. In such a case, the receiver may use correlation metrics,

) 사이의 상관을 평가할 수 있으며, 여기서

는 디스크램블링 시퀀스일 수 있고, y는 수신된 신호일 수 있다. 디스크램블링된 복소 수신 신호에 24개의 2진 코드워드들의 하나의 실수 코드워드를 곱하여, 상관 결과의 I-위 상 및 Q-위상은 수식(8)에서 달성될 수 있다. 디코딩 메트릭들은 예를 들어,To obtain the real orthogonal vector set {c _i } and the descrambled observation vector (

) Can be evaluated, where

May be a descrambling sequence, and y may be a received signal. By multiplying the descrambled complex received signal by one real codeword of 24 binary codewords, the I-phase and Q-phase of the correlation result can be achieved in equation (8). Decoding metrics are for example

or

Can be calculated and compared.

는 코드워드들 사이에서 상호-상관 특성으로의 강등 없이 세트 사이즈를 두 배로 하기 위해서 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드워드들의 세트에 추가될 수 있는데, 그 이유는

가

에 직교하기 때문이며, 이것은

가

에 직교할 때 참(true)이고, 상기 벡터들(

)의 각각의 엘리먼트들은 일정한 크기(예를 들어, +1 또는 -1)를 가진다. 이러한 직교 관계가 주어지면, 삭제된 복소 직교 코드워드들의 세트에의

의 가산은 코드워드들 사이의 상호-상관 특성을 강등시키지 않지만, 이 러한 삭제된 복소 직교 코드워드들의 세트에의

의 가산은 세트 사이즈를 두 배로 할 수 있다.In another aspect, the number of tones used to transmit control channel information of the required number of bits may be further reduced, and / or the number of discarded codewords available for other required purposes is erase-based complex. It can be increased by extending orthogonal modulation. According to one aspect, which can be obtained by swapping the I-phase and Q-phase of each orthogonal codeword (except for the common scrambling code)

Can be added to the set of delete-based complex orthogonal codewords to double the set size without demoting to the cross-correlation property between the codewords, because

end

Because it is orthogonal to

end

True when orthogonal to and the vectors (

Each element of) has a constant size (eg, +1 or -1). Given this orthogonality, the set of deleted complex orthogonal codewords

The addition of does not demote the cross-correlation property between the codewords, but to this set of deleted complex orthogonal codewords.

The addition of can double the set size.

인 반면, 확장된 세트 사이즈는

일 수 있다. 그 결과, 송신 통신 디바이스(예를 들어, 모바일 디바이스(116))로부터 8 비트들의 전송을 용이하게 하기 위해서 256개의 코드워드들이 요구되는 8 비트의 제어 채널 정보에 대한 예에서,

을 만족시키는 가장 작은 수의 톤들은 17개이다. 따라서, 이전 예에서 이용되는 바와 같이, 길이 24인 실수 2진 하다마드 시퀀스들 대신

에 의한 길이 20인 실수 2진 하다마드 시퀀스들이 사용될 수 있다. 확장된 세트 사이즈는 380개의 코드워드들(예를 들어, 20 · 19 = 380 코드워드들)을 초래할 수 있다. 380개의 확장된 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드워드들 중 256개의 워드들의 서브세트는 미리 정의된 설계 기준(예를 들어, 미리 정의된 코드워드 기준)에 적어도 부분적으로 기초하여 선택될 수 있다. 124개의 코드워드들은 폐기될 수 있고, 폐기된 124개의 코드워드들은 다른 목적들(예를 들어, 간섭-레벨 추정, 삭제 검출, 멀티-모드 채널 동작에서의 사용 등)을 위해서 사용될 수 있다. 다른 요구되는 목적들을 위해서 이용가능한 124개의 폐기된 코드워드들은 이전 예에서 이용가능한 20개의 폐기된 코드워드들에 비해 상당한 증가이다. 또한, 이러한 확장된 코드는 1/2의 정규화된 최악의 경우의 상호-상관의 값을 유지하면서 20개의 QPSK 톤들을 이용하여 8 비트의 제어 채널 정보를 수신 기로 전송한다. 확장된 삭제-기반 직교 코드워드들을 사용하는 경우, 대응하는 수신기(예를 들어, 통신 디바이스)는 여기서 설명된 바와 같이, 최적의 넌-코히런트 검출을 사용하여야 한다.If the number of available tones is N, the set size of the original erase-based complex orthogonal code is

While the expanded set size

Can be. As a result, in the example for 8-bit control channel information where 256 codewords are required to facilitate the transmission of 8 bits from the transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116),

The smallest number of tones that satisfies this is 17. Thus, as used in the previous example, instead of the real binary binary Hadamard sequences of length 24,

Real binary binary Hadamard sequences of length 20 may be used. The extended set size may result in 380 codewords (eg, 20 · 19 = 380 codewords). The subset of 256 words of the 380 extended erase-based complex orthogonal codewords may be selected based at least in part on a predefined design criterion (eg, a predefined codeword criterion). The 124 codewords can be discarded, and the 124 codewords discarded can be used for other purposes (eg, interference-level estimation, erase detection, use in multi-mode channel operation, etc.). The 124 discarded codewords available for other required purposes is a significant increase compared to the 20 discarded codewords available in the previous example. This extended code also transmits 8 bits of control channel information to the receiver using 20 QPSK tones while maintaining a normalized worst case cross-correlation value of 1/2. When using extended erase-based orthogonal codewords, the corresponding receiver (eg, communication device) should use optimal non-coherent detection, as described herein.

According to another aspect, erasure decoding may be applied to non-coherent signaling to facilitate decoding and erasure detection of signaling received during transmission of control channel information. When using erase-based (or extended erase-based) complex orthogonal modulation, discarded words can be used for other purposes, such as erase decoding, and when used for erase decoding, the discarded codewords are deleted. It can be used to facilitate control of the threshold for detection.

For example, as discarded codewords are not used as part of the transmission of the control channel signal, when the transmission is received, the discarded codewords or portions thereof may be used for erase decoding or other purposes. Discarded codewords may be correlated with incoming signals that may facilitate measurement or estimation of interference levels (eg, interference-level estimation). This may be beneficial for measuring background noise levels using these discarded codewords. In addition, the threshold levels can be fine tuned using discarded codewords.

There may be various techniques for applying erasure decoding. In one aspect, the receiver (eg, a communication device such as base station 102 or mobile station 116) may use erasure decoding for non-coherent signaling. The receiver may receive a non-coherent signal during the transmission of control channel information. For example, the receiver may be a base station 102 capable of receiving control channel information from a mobile device (eg, 116).

The receiver may determine the codeword by least likelihood (ML) decoding, as described herein with respect to equations (2)-(3). The receiver may select codewords that are completely orthogonal to the determined codewords (eg, cross-correlation of zero). The receiver may calculate an average of decoder output energy values corresponding to the selected codewords. The receiver may determine the difference (or alternatively, ratio) between the energy values of the determined codewords and the average decoder output energy values corresponding to the selected codewords. The receiver determines whether the metric of the difference (or alternatively the ratio) between the energy values of the determined codewords and the average decoder output energy values corresponding to the selected codewords is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold level associated with the decoding result. You can decide. If this metric is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold level, the receiver may determine that the decoding result is valid, and if this metric is less than the predetermined threshold level, the receiver may determine that the decoding result is invalid and discard the deletion. You can declare it.

According to another aspect, the determined codeword may be used as if it is a known sequence to facilitate the application of erasure decoding in non-coherent signaling to facilitate decoding of a received signal during transmission of control channel information. . The receiver (e.g., a communication device such as base station 102) may use the determined codeword to estimate propagation channel coefficients, assuming decoding is correct. The determined or declared codeword can be used as a reference signal or a pilot signal, which can be used to facilitate the configuration of the control channel. After configuring the channel, the channel power can be measured. The receiver may remove (eg, subtract) the signal component corresponding to the determined codeword from the received signal. The receiver can calculate the average power of the remaining signals (after removing signal components from the received signal) to estimate the background noise level. Note that the background noise level will be high if the decoding is incorrect. The receiver may calculate a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based at least in part on channel estimation (estimation of propagation channel coefficients) and noise level estimation.

Although the application of erasure decoding described herein is one of many techniques that can be used to perform erasure decoding, other techniques may be employed by a receiver or other component to perform erasure decoding of a received non-coherent signal. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to these, since it can be taken into consideration. The receiver may determine whether the SNR is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold level to determine a valid decoding result. If the receiver determines that the SNR is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold level, the receiver may determine that the determined codeword is a valid decoding result. If the receiver determines that the SNR is less than the predetermined threshold level, the receiver may determine that the predetermined codeword is not a valid decoding result, and the receiver may declare the deletion.

According to another aspect of the invention, a communication device (eg, mobile device 116, base station 102) may use discarded codewords for a multi-mode control channel. In addition to using the selected number of codewords for the transmission of control channel information (e.g., CQICH), the communication device may be configured to provide one or more other types of control channel information (e.g., PMICH, SRCH, etc.) to the receiving communication device. Other codewords (eg, discarded codewords) may be used to facilitate the transmission of the predetermined number of bits of the CQICH and / or the predetermined number of bits of the other control channel information ( For example, the PMICH, SRCH, etc. may be based on at least in part a predefined codeword criterion. For example, the predefined codeword criteria may be transmitted to the base station 102, for example, the available bandwidth, the available codewords, the number of tones, the orthogonal modulation type, and / or as described herein. The same can be related to other factors.

Multi-mode operation of the designed code between CQICH and PMICH may be desirable, for example, if the rate of change of the precoder is significantly slower than the rate of change of the channel SNR. In an aspect, when an update of the precoder is required (eg, needed), the transmitting device (eg, mobile device 116) may send a PMICH to the receiver (eg, base station 102). Alternatively, as required, the CQICH may be transmitted alone, or the CQICH and other control channel information (e.g., SRCH) may be transmitted in an AMC operation that frequently replaces the PMICH with a CQICH. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a multi-mode operation for transmitting two or more types of control channel information may be used to delete deleted codewords for other purposes, such as erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, and the like. In connection with use.

For example, continuing with the previous example of transmitting 8-bit control channel (e.g., CQICH) information by using extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation and using 20 QPSK tones, 380 There may be codewords available. 256 codewords may be selected from 380 available codewords, facilitating CQICH transmission from the transmitting device (eg, mobile device 116) to the receiving device (eg, base station 102). It can be used to make. The remaining 124 codewords may be discarded or deleted codewords that may be available for use for other purposes, where, for example, some of the discarded codewords may be used to facilitate the transmission of other control information. have. When the designed code is used for CQICH and PMICH (and / or SRCH, etc.), an 8-bit CQICH or 6-bit PMICH may be transmitted from the transmitting communication device to the receiving communication device, where for 6-bit PMICH transmission, The PMICH may be transmitted using 64 discarded codewords out of the 124 available discarded codewords, and there may be 60 discarded codewords, wherein the 60 discarded codewords are, for example, Other purposes may be used, for example, to facilitate adjustment of the threshold of erasure decoding, or to convey a third control channel (eg, SRCH, request associated with uplink resource allocation). As the set of codewords is distinguishable between CQICH and PMICH, the receiving communication device (e.g., base station 102) may determine whether the received signal is for CQICH or for PMICH if decoding is successful. The decoding result can be properly interpreted.

In the same or similar manner, if it is desired to transmit a 7-bit CQICH from the transmitting communication device to the receiving communication device using extended erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, 16 QPSK tones can be used and 240 Codewords may be designed and available based at least in part on the number of tones. The 7-bit CQICH or 6-bit PMICH can be transmitted, which can use 192 codewords, can leave 48 discarded codewords, and can be used for other required purposes. Alternatively, 12 QPSK tones can be selected, and 132 codewords can be designed and available to transmit only 7-bit CQICH. Depending on the bandwidth required for PMICH and / or SRCH transmission, at least in part, additional QPSK tones may be desirable for the latter design above.

The present invention may utilize complex sequences for bandwidth-efficient non-coherent signaling of control channel information by a communication device to another communication device. According to various aspects and embodiments, the present invention may use complex orthogonal code and from complex orthogonal code to generate a bandwidth-efficient non-coherent signaling set of codewords that may have desirable cross-correlation characteristics. Worst case codewords can be deleted. In addition, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments, by dividing a designed codeword into a subset of a plurality of codewords, the complex orthogonal code can be configured to include one or more control channels, such as CQICH, CQICH, to further improve bandwidth efficiency. PMICH, and / or SRCH.

Referring to FIG. 2, illustrated is a system 200 that can facilitate the design and / or generation of codewords to facilitate information transfer between communication devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. System 200 may include control channel information, erasure decoding information, interference-level estimation information, and / or a transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116) and a receiving communication device (eg, base station 102). An apparatus 202 may be included that may be configured to facilitate the design and / or generation of codewords that may be used to facilitate the transfer of information such as other information therebetween. According to one embodiment, the apparatus 102 may be a computer or other computing device that may facilitate the design and generation of codewords. With respect to system 100, it should be understood that apparatus 202 may include the same or similar functionality related to the design and / or generation of codewords, as described, for example, completely herein. For example, the apparatus 202 may facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel information, erasure decoding information, etc.) in a bandwidth-efficient manner using non-coherent signaling between communication devices, It may facilitate the construction and / or generation of codewords related to binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, and the like.

Apparatus 202 may include a codeword generator 204 that may generate codewords. Codewords may be generated based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria to obtain code words through the required design. The predefined codeword criteria may include, for example, the available bandwidth, the number of codewords in the set of codewords, the number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, the cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, Type of orthogonal modulation transmission (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, extended erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.) required for use, defined worst between codewords The cross-correlation value of the case, the number of tones used to facilitate the transmission of control channel information, and to be used for other purposes (interference-level estimation, erase detection, multi-mode control channel, etc.) Number of discarded codewords required, and / or other factors.

) 및/또는 다른 바람직하지 않은 상호-상관 값들을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들의 삭제를 용이하게 할 수 있다. 일 실시예에서, 삭제기(206)는 코드워드 삭제 조건

을 사용함으로써, 임의의 2개의 삭제된 복소 직교 시퀀스들 사이의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관이 (

과는 대조적으로) 1/2이 되도록 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드(및/또는 확장된 삭제-기반 직교 코드)의 구성을 용이하게 할 수 있고, 그 결과 수식들(4a 및 4b)과 연관된 조건들 1 및 2는 여기서 설명된 바와 같이 만족될 수 없다.According to another aspect, the apparatus 202 may include an ejector 206 that may be associated with the codeword generator 204. A set of codewords can be generated and the deleter 206 can facilitate deletion of a subset of codewords of the codeword set based at least in part on a predefined codeword criterion. For example, the deleter 206 may have a worst case cross-correlation value (eg,

And / or other undesirable cross-correlation values may facilitate deletion of codeword pairs. In one embodiment, the deleter 206 is a codeword deletion condition

By using, the worst-case cross-correlation between any two deleted complex orthogonal sequences is

In contrast) to facilitate the construction of the delete-based complex orthogonal code (and / or the extended delete-based orthogonal code) to be 1/2, resulting in conditions associated with equations 4a and 4b. 1 and 2 cannot be satisfied as described herein.

In another aspect, the eraser 206 also requires to discard these codewords to meet the required spectral efficiency (eg, a predetermined threshold number of valid codewords required for a given number of tones). It may facilitate the deletion of as many codewords as possible. The remaining codewords in the codeword set may be selected as codewords that may be used to facilitate the transmission of specific control channel information (eg, CQICH). As required, discarded codewords may be used for other purposes, such as erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, and / or multi-mode control channel operation (eg, other control such as PMICH and / or SRCH). To facilitate transmission of channel information).

The apparatus 202 can also include a processor 208, which can be coupled to the data store 210, codeword generator 204, and deleter 206, and communicating devices. In order to facilitate the transfer of information including control channel information therebetween, the data may be processed and / or analyzed to facilitate design and / or generation of codewords, selection of codewords, deletion of codewords, and the like. have.

Apparatus 202 may further include a data store 210, which may be operatively coupled to the processor 208, data to be transmitted, received data, generation of codewords, codewords. Information related to the transmission or reception of deletion, control channel information (e.g., information related to complex orthogonal modulation, deletion-based complex orthogonal modulation, and / or extended deletion-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.), erasure decoding and / or Codewords to facilitate the transmission and / or reception of information related to interference-level estimation and information such as control channel information between mobile devices (eg, 116) and communication devices such as base station 102. May store any other suitable information that may facilitate their design and / or generation. The data store 210 can design and / or generate codewords, delete codewords, orthogonal modulation (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, and / or extended deletion-). Based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.), erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, and the like.

It will be appreciated that the data store 210 described herein may include volatile memory and / or nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and / or nonvolatile random access memory ( NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can operate as an external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM is synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double-speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synclink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct. Many forms are available, such as Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The data store 210 of the main systems and methods is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

3-7, methods related to the use of complex sequences for bandwidth efficient non-coherent signaling in a wireless communication environment are illustrated. For simplicity of description, the methods are shown and described as a series of acts, but in accordance with one or more embodiments some acts may occur in different orders and / or with acts other than the acts shown and described herein. It is to be understood that the methods are not limited by the order of the operations as such may be. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that a method may alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 3, a method 300 is illustrated that may facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. At 302, a set of codewords can be generated. In one aspect, codewords may be generated to facilitate control channel information transmission between a transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116) and a receiving communication device (eg, base station 102). . In another aspect, codewords may be designed based on BPSK or QPSK to facilitate bandwidth efficient non-coherent signaling. For example, to facilitate bandwidth efficiency, complex orthogonal modulation may be used, and higher order modulation (e.g., QPSK) for non-coherent signals associated with control channel transmission may be used to transmit control channel information. It can be used to facilitate the reduction of the number of tones used.

)을 생성할 수 있다. 일 양상에 따라,

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들과 같은 열악하거나, 그렇지 않으면 바람직하지 않은 상관 값들을 가지는 코드워드들의 서브세트가 삭제될 수 있다.At 304, the subset (s) of codewords may be deleted based at least in part on the predefined codeword criteria (as described fully herein). For example, a set of codewords can occur, where some of the codeword pairs in the set are the worst case cross-correlation values (e.g., undesirable for the transmission of control channel information) (e.g., listen,

) Can be created. According to the working aspect,

A subset of codewords with poor or otherwise undesirable correlation values, such as codeword pairs that produce the worst case cross-correlation value of may be deleted.

In another aspect, another subset of codewords is added such that sufficient codewords remain in the set to meet a required spectral efficiency (eg, a predetermined threshold number of valid codewords required for a given number of tones). Can be deleted and discarded. The remaining codewords in the set may be selected and used to facilitate the transmission of control channel information (eg, CQICH). Discarded codewords, or portions thereof, may be used, for example, for other purposes, such as interference level estimation, deletion detection, and / or other control information (eg, PMICH, SRCH, etc.) transmission. . For example, by dividing a codeword designed into multiple subsets of codewords, a complex orthogonal code can be used on one or more control channels such as CQICH, PMICH, and / or SRCH to further improve bandwidth efficiency. have.

Referring to FIG. 4, a method 400 is illustrated that may facilitate generation of codewords to facilitate transmission of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. At 402, the number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted may be determined. In one aspect, the number of bits of control channel information (eg, CQICH) to be transmitted between the transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116) and the receiving communication device (eg, base station 102) may be determined. Can be. At 404, an orthogonal modulation type to be used to facilitate the transmission can be determined. Regarding whether to use BPSK or higher order modulation (eg QPSK) to facilitate the transmission of control channel information and / or other information between communication devices, for example the number of bits of information to be transmitted and / or The decision may be made based at least in part on the available bandwidth.

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값)을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들을 포함하는 코드워드들의 다른 서브세트는 삭제될 수 있다. 일 실시예에 따라, 설계된 코드워드 세트는 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드 (및/또는 확장된 삭제-기반 직교 코드)일 수 있고, 상기 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드는 코드워드 삭제 조건(

)을 사용함으로써 임의의 2개의 삭제-기반 복소 직교 시퀀스들 사이의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관이 (

과는 대조적으로) 1/2이 되도록 구성될 수 있고, 그 결과 수식들(4a 및 4b)과 연관된 조건들 1 및 2는 여기서 설명된 바와 같이 만족될 수 없다. 그 결과,

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들은 존재하지 않을 것이다.At 406, the number of codewords to be used may be determined. In one aspect, to facilitate transmission of specific control channel information (eg, CQICH) and / or other purposes (eg, sending other control channel information, interference-level estimation, erasure decoding, etc.) The number of codewords required for use can be determined. This determination may be based, at least in part, on the number of bits of information to be transmitted between the communication devices, for example. In another aspect, a first subset of codewords that generate a cross-correlation characteristic where each codeword pair is required (eg, good) may be used to facilitate transmission of specific control channel information (eg, CQICH). Can be used for Undesirable cross-correlation properties (eg,

Another subset of codewords, including codeword pairs, that generate the worst case cross-correlation value of? According to one embodiment, the designed codeword set may be a delete-based complex orthogonal code (and / or an extended delete-based orthogonal code), and the deletion-based complex orthogonal code may be a codeword deletion condition (

By using), the worst-case cross-correlation between any two erase-based complex orthogonal sequences

In contrast), so that conditions 1 and 2 associated with equations 4a and 4b cannot be satisfied as described herein. As a result,

There will not be codeword pairs that produce the worst case cross-correlation value of.

In another aspect, the number of codewords required to meet the required spectral efficiency (eg, the required number of valid codewords for a given number of tones) in the first set of codewords ( For example, there may be one or more other subsets of codewords that may be deleted and discarded to be a predetermined threshold number. As desired, the subset (s) of discarded codewords may be used for other purposes, such as erase decoding, interference-level estimation, and / or multi-mode control channel operation, and the like.

At 408, the number of tones can be determined. In one aspect, the number of tones (eg, QPSK tones) is dependent on the number of bits of information to be transmitted between the communication devices and / or the type of code (eg, Hadamard code) used in the codeword design. It may be determined based at least in part.

Referring to FIG. 5, illustrated is a method 500 that may facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system using scrambling. At 502, a set of complex orthogonal codewords can be generated. In one aspect, the set of complex orthogonal codewords may be generated based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria (eg, as described fully herein). Complex orthogonal codewords are information such as specific control channel information (eg, CQICH), and / or a receiving communication device (eg, base station 102) from a transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116). May be designed, generated, and used to facilitate transmission of other information (e.g., information related to erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, other control channel information). In another aspect, each of the complex orthogonal codewords may include an I-phase and a Q-phase. At 504, the I-phase and Q-phase of each codeword of the set of complex orthogonal codewords may be scrambled independently, for example, the first scrambling code may be used for the I-phase, Other scrambling codes can be used for the Q-phase. In one aspect, to facilitate the reduction of peak cross-correlation of complex orthogonal modulation in a non-coherent receiver, an independent real scrambling code is added to each codeword I− in the codeword set, as fully described above. It can be applied to phase and Q-phase. According to another aspect, codewords are used to transmit a communication device (eg, of a predetermined length (eg, determined at least in part based on the number of tones) in order to provide better autocorrelation in a multipath channel. Mobile device 116 may be further scrambled by using a specific complex PN sequence.

With reference to FIG. 6, illustrated is a method 600 that can facilitate erasure decoding to facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. At 602, a codeword can be determined. In one aspect, the codeword is non-coherent signaling to facilitate information transfer between the transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116) and the receiving communication device (eg, base station 102). May be determined to facilitate erasure decoding associated with the. In another aspect, the codeword may be determined by ML decoding, for example, as described fully herein with respect to equations (2)-(3) described with respect to system 100. At 604, codewords that are completely orthogonal to the determined codeword (eg, zero crossing-correlation) may be selected. At 606, an average of decoder output energy values corresponding to the selected codewords may be calculated. At 608, a difference (or alternatively, ratio) between the determined energy value of the codeword and the calculated average output energy value corresponding to the selected codewords can be determined. At 610, the metric (eg, the determined difference or ratio between the energy value of the determined codeword and the calculated average output energy values corresponding to the selected codewords) is compared with a predetermined threshold level related to the validity of the decoding result. Can be. At 612, a determination may be made based at least in part on the predetermined threshold level as to whether the predetermined codeword is a valid decoding result. For example, if the metric is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold level, the determined codeword may be determined to be a valid threshold level, and if the metric is less than the predetermined threshold level, deletion may be declared for the determined codeword. have.

Referring to FIG. 7, another method 700 is illustrated that may facilitate erasure decoding to facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. In one aspect, erasure decoding is non-coherent signaling to facilitate the transmission of information between the transmitting communication device (eg, mobile device 116) and the receiving communication device (eg, base station 102). Can be applied to The codeword determined at 702 may be used as if it is a known sequence. At 704, propagation channel coefficients may be estimated based at least in part on the determined codeword (eg, assuming decoding is correct). At 706, the signal component corresponding to the determined codeword may be removed from the received signal. In one aspect, the signal may be transmitted from one communication device (eg, mobile device 116) to another communication device (eg, base station 102). The signal component of the received signal may be removed (eg, subtracted) from the received signal. At 708, the average power of the remaining signal (eg, the signal remaining after the signal component is removed from the received signal) can be calculated. At 710, the background noise level may be estimated based at least in part on the average power value of the remaining signal. Note that the background noise level will be high if the decoding is incorrect. At 712, the SNR may be calculated based at least in part on the propagation channel estimate and the background noise level estimate. For example, propagation channel estimation and background noise level estimation can be used to calculate the SNR. At 714, the SNR value may be compared with a predetermined threshold level related to the validity of the decoding result. At 716, a determination may be made based at least in part on the predetermined threshold level as to whether the determined codeword is a valid decoding result. For example, if the SNR value is determined to be equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold level, the determined codeword may be determined to be a valid decoding result, and if the SNR value is less than the predetermined threshold level, deletion may be declared. And the codeword thus determined may not be a valid decoding result.

In accordance with one or more aspects described herein, codewords are designed, generated, selected, deleted, and / or to facilitate the transmission of information (eg, control channel, erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, etc.). It will be appreciated that inferences can be made about using. As used herein, the term “infer” or “infer” generally infers, or refers to, the state of a system, environment, and / or user from a series of observations as captured through events and / or data. It refers to a reasoning process. Inference can be used, for example, to identify a specific situation or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states. Inference can be probabilistic, that is, the calculation of the probability distribution for the states of interest of interest taking into account data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques used to construct higher level events from a series of events and / or data. Whether or not the events correlate very closely in time, and whether the events and data originate from one event and data source or from several events and data sources, this inference is a series of observed events and / or It results in the construction of new events or actions from the stored event data.

According to one example, the one or more methods presented above may include information (eg, control channel information, information related to erasure decoding, interference-level) between communication devices (eg, mobile device 116, base station 102). Codewords associated with orthogonal modulation (e.g., binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, extended erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.) to facilitate transmission of information related to estimation, etc. Performing inferences about their design and / or occurrence. As another example, the inference (s) determines that the type of orthogonal modulation is most bandwidth efficient to transfer a given amount of information between communication devices, and / or whether to delete a particular codeword from the set of codewords and And / or in connection with the determination of which codeword (s) to delete from the set of codewords. It is to be understood that the above examples are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the number of inferences that may be made, or the manner in which such inferences are made in connection with the various embodiments and / or methods described herein.

8 is an illustration of a mobile device 800 that can facilitate the transmission or reception of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. Mobile device 800, for example, receives a signal from a receiving antenna (not shown), performs typical operations (e.g., filtering, amplifying, downconverting, etc.) on the received signal, and acquires samples. Receiver 802 to digitize the adjusted signal. Receiver 802 may be, for example, an MMSE receiver and may include a demodulator 804 that demodulates received symbols and provides them to a processor 806 for channel estimation. In one embodiment, demodulator 804 may be configured to demodulate BPSK or QPSK modulated received symbols, for example, as fully described above. The processor 806 analyzes the information received by the receiver 802 and / or controls one or more components of the processor, mobile device 800, dedicated to generating information for transmission by the transmitter 808. And a processor that analyzes the information received by the receiver 802, generates information for transmission by the transmitter 808, and controls one or more components of the mobile device 800. In addition, mobile device 800 may operate in connection with transmitter 808 to facilitate the transmission of signals (eg, data) to, for example, base station 102, another mobile device, or the like. It may include a modulator 810. In one aspect, modulator 810 uses, for example, BPSK or QPSK modulation to facilitate transmission of control channel information and / or other information to other communication devices, such as base station 102, other mobile devices, and the like. May be configured to modulate the signals. Mobile device 800 may include the same or similar functionality as communication device, for example, with respect to system 100, as fully described herein.

Additionally, mobile device 800 may include a data store 812, which may be operatively coupled to processor 806, and may include data to be transmitted, received data, control channel information (eg, Information related to the transmission or reception of complex orthogonal modulation, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, and / or extended erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc., information related to erasure decoding and / or interference-level estimation, And any other suitable information that may facilitate the transmission and / or reception of information such as control channel information between communication devices such as mobile device 800 and base station 102. Additionally, data store 812 may be orthogonal modulation (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, and / or extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.) and / or codewords. Algorithms and / or protocols associated with the.

It will be appreciated that the data store 812 described herein may include volatile memory and / or nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and / or nonvolatile random access memory ( NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can operate as an external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM is synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double-speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synclink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct. Many forms are available, such as Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Data store 812 is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

9 is an illustration of a system 900 that can facilitate the transmission or reception of information (eg, control channel information) associated with a wireless communication system. System 900 may receive signal (s) via a plurality of receive antennas 908 from one or more mobile devices 906 (having the same or similar functionality as mobile device 116 and / or mobile device 800). Base station 902 having a receiver 904 capable of receiving a signal transmission and a transmitter 910 capable of transmitting signals (eg, data) to one or more mobile devices 906 via a transmit antenna 912. ) (Eg, access point ...). Receiver 904 can receive information from receive antennas 908 and can be operatively coupled with a demodulator 914 that can demodulate the received information. In one aspect, demodulator 914 may be configured to demodulate BPSK or QPSK modulated received symbols, for example, as fully described above. The demodulated symbols are dedicated to analyzing information received by the receiver 904 and / or generating information for transmission by the transmitter 910, a processor controlling one or more components of the base station 902, And / or to a processor 916 that may be a processor that analyzes information received by the receiver 904, generates information for transmission by the transmitter 910, and controls one or more components of the base station 902. Can be analyzed.

In addition, the base station 902 can operate with respect to the transmitter 910 to facilitate the transmission of signals (eg, data) to, for example, a mobile device 906, another device, or the like. 916 may include. In one aspect, modulator 916 is, for example, BPSK, to facilitate transmission of control channel information and / or other information to other communication devices such as mobile device (s) 906, other mobile devices, and the like. Or using QPSK modulation. Each of the base station 902 and mobile device (s) 906 may include the same or similar functionality as the communication device, eg, as described fully herein with respect to the system 100.

The processor 916 can be coupled to the memory 918, where the memory 918 is configured to transmit data, information related to the received data, control channel information (eg, complex orthogonal modulation, erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, and Information related to the transmission or reception of information related to extended erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc., information relating to erasure decoding and / or interference-level estimation, and information between communication devices (eg, control channel information). May store any suitable information that may facilitate the determination of Additionally, memory 918 may be coupled with orthogonal modulation (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, and / or extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation, etc.) and / or codewords. Associated algorithms and / or protocols may be stored.

It will be appreciated that the memory 918 described herein may include volatile memory and / or nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and / or nonvolatile random access memory ( NVRAM). The nonvolatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can operate as an external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM is synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double-speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synclink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct. Many forms are available, such as Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Memory 918 is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

10 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 1000. The wireless communication system 1000 shows one base station 1010 and one mobile device 1050 for brevity. However, system 1000 may include two or more base stations and / or two or more mobile devices, and additional base stations and / or mobile devices may be substantially similar to the example base station 1010 and mobile device 1050 described below. It should be understood that they may be similar or different. In addition, the systems (FIGS. 1-2, 8-9, and 11-12) and / or methods described herein for the base station 1010 and / or mobile device 1050 to facilitate wireless communication therebetween. It should be understood that (Figures 3-7) can be used. Each of the base station 1010 and the mobile device 1050 is a respective component as described fully herein, for example, for the system 100, the system 200, the system 800, and / or the system 900. It should be understood that they may be the same as or similar to each of them, and / or may include the same or similar functionality to each of the components.

At base station 1010, traffic data for multiple data streams is provided from a data source 1012 to a transmit (TX) data processor 1014. According to one example, each data stream may be transmitted via a respective antenna. TX data processor 1014 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.

The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or alternatively, the pilot symbols may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM), time division multiplexed (TDM), or code division multiplexed (CDM). Pilot data is a known data pattern that is typically processed in a known manner and can be used at mobile device 1050 to estimate the channel response. The coded data and the multiplexed pilot for each data stream are selected for a particular modulation scheme (e.g., binary phase-shifted modulation (BPSK), quadrature phase-shifted modulation) selected for the data stream to provide modulation symbols. QPSK), M-phase-shift modulation (M-PSK), or M-quad amplitude modulation (M-QAM, etc.) may be modulated (eg, symbol map). The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by the instructions provided or performed by the processor 1030.

Modulation symbols for the data streams may be provided to the TX MIMO processor 1020, which may further process the modulation symbols (eg, for OFDM). TX MIMO processor 1020 then provides N _T modulation symbol streams to N _T transmitters (TMTR) 1022a through 1022t. In various embodiments, TX MIMO processor 1020 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna transmitting the symbol.

Each transmitter 1022 receives and processes each symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further adjusts (eg, amplifies) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over a MIMO channel. , Filter, and upconvert). In addition, N _T modulated signals from transmitters 1022a through 1022t are transmitted from each of the N _T antennas 1024a through 1024t.

At mobile device 1050, the modulated signals transmitted are received by N _R antennas 1052a through 1052r, and the signal received from each antenna 1052 is received by each receiver (RCVR) 1054a through 1054r. Is provided. Each receiver 1054 adjusts (eg, filters, amplifies, and downconverts) each signal, digitizes the adjusted signal to provide samples, and corresponds to the corresponding "received" symbol stream. The samples are further processed to provide.

RX data processor 1060 can receive and process the N _R received symbols streams from N _R receivers based on a particular receiver processing technique (1054) to provide N _T of "detected" symbol streams . RX data processor 1060 demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for the data stream. Processing by the RX data processor 1060 is complementary to the processing performed by the TX MIMO processor 1020 and the TX data processor 1014 at the base station 1010.

The processor 1070 may periodically determine which pre-coding matrix to use (discussed below). In addition, the processor 1070 may form a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

The reverse link message may include various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. The reverse link message is processed by the TX data processor 1038 to receive traffic data for the multiple data streams from the data source 1036, modulated by the modulator 1080, and sent to the transmitters 1054a through 1054r. May be adjusted and sent back to the base station 1010.

At base station 1010, the modulated signals from mobile device 1050 are received by antennas 1024 and extracted by receivers 1022 to extract a reverse link message sent by mobile device 1050. And demodulated by demodulator 1040 and processed by RX data processor 1042. In addition, the processor 1030 may process the extracted message and may determine which precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weights.

Each of processors 1030 and 1070 may direct (eg, control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operation at base station 1010 and mobile device 1050. Respective processors 1030 and 1070 may be associated with memory 1032 and 1072 that store program codes and data. In addition, each of the processors 1030 and 1070 may perform calculations to derive frequency impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink.

It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Or processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

If the above embodiments are implemented by software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they may be stored on a machine-readable medium such as a storage component. Code Segment A code segment can represent a processing procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. Code segments may be coupled to other code segments or hardware circuitry by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, and the like may be communicated, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means, including memory sharing, message delivery, token delivery, network transmission, and the like.

For software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented in modules (eg, processing procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. Software codes are stored in memory units and can be executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case the memory unit may be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.

Referring to FIG. 11, illustrated is a system 1100 that may facilitate the transfer of information (eg, control channel information) between communication devices associated with a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1100 can reside at least partially within a communication device, such as a mobile device (eg, 116). It is to be understood that system 1100 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or a combination thereof (eg, firmware). System 1100 includes a logical grouping 1102 of electrical components that can operate in conjunction with each other.

과 같은 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들을 포함할 수 있고, 이러한 코드워드 쌍들은 삭제될 수 있으며, 이는 코드워드들의 나머지 각각의 쌍들 사이의 최악의 경우의 상호 상관을 향상시킬 수 있다. 일 실시예에 따라, 코드워드 세트는 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드(및/또는 확장된 삭제-기반 직교 코드)로서 설계될 수 있고, 상기 삭제-기반 복소 직교 코드는 코드워드 삭제 조건(

)을 사용함으로써 임의의 2개의 삭제-기반 복소 직교 시퀀스들 사이의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관이 (

과는 대조적으로) 1/2이 되도록 구성될 수 있고, 그 결과 수식들(4a 및 4b)과 연관된 조건들 1 및 2는 여기서 설명된 바와 같이 만족될 수 없다. 그 결과,

의 최악의 경우의 상호-상관 값을 생성하는 코드워드 쌍들은 존재하지 않을 것이다.For example, logical grouping 1102 can include an electrical component 1104 for generating a set of codewords. In one aspect, a set of codewords may be generated to facilitate the transfer of information, such as control channel information, between communication devices such as mobile device 116 and base station 102. In another aspect, the codeword structure may be associated with orthogonal modulation (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation) for non-coherent signaling. Can be. In addition, logical grouping 1102 may include an electrical component 1106 for deleting a subset (s) of codewords from a set of codewords based at least in part on predefined codeword criteria. For example, a subset of codewords

Codeword pairs that produce the worst case cross-correlation value, such as < RTI ID = 0.0 > and < / RTI > You can. According to one embodiment, a set of codewords may be designed as a delete-based complex orthogonal code (and / or an extended delete-based orthogonal code), wherein the delete-based complex orthogonal code is a codeword deletion condition (

By using), the worst-case cross-correlation between any two erase-based complex orthogonal sequences

In contrast), so that conditions 1 and 2 associated with equations 4a and 4b cannot be satisfied as described herein. As a result,

There will not be codeword pairs that produce the worst case cross-correlation value of.

As another example, another subset of codewords may be used to facilitate the transmission of specific control information (e.g., CQICH). May be deleted and discarded to be the number of codewords required (e.g., a predetermined threshold number) to satisfy the required number of valid codewords). As required, the discarded codewords or portions thereof may be used for other purposes such as interference-level estimation, deletion detection, and the like. As a result, transmission of information, such as control channel information, can be performed in a bandwidth-efficient manner, using higher order modulation (eg, QPSK) for non-coherent signaling. In addition, logical grouping 1102 can include an electrical component 1108 for transmitting signals associated with at least a portion of the set of codewords. In one aspect, the signals are non-coherent using a set of complex orthogonal codewords (eg, complex orthogonal codewords, deletion-based complex orthogonal codewords, extended deletion-based complex orthogonal codewords). The signals may be transmitted using runt signaling, where signals may be sent from one communication device (eg, mobile device 116) to another communication device (eg, base station 102). In another aspect, a portion of the set of codewords includes a code that includes the required (eg, good) cross-correlation property (eg, codewords associated with a cross-correlation value of 1/2 or less). Selection codewords within a set of words, where the selection codewords may be used to facilitate transmission of control channel information (eg, CQICH). In another aspect, a portion of the set of codewords may include discarded codewords, and the discarded codewords or portions thereof, where such discarded codewords may contain other control information (eg, PMICH). , SRCH, etc.), and / or to facilitate erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, multi-mode control channel operation, and / or for other required purposes. Additionally, system 1100 can include a memory 1110 that can retain instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1104, 1106, and 1108. While shown as being external to memory 1110, it will be understood that one or more electrical components 1104, 1106, and 1108 may exist within memory 1110.

Referring to FIG. 12, illustrated is a system 1200 that can facilitate the transfer of information (eg, control channel information) between communication devices associated with a wireless communication environment. System 1200 may reside at least partially within a communication device, such as, for example, base station 102. As shown, system 1200 includes functional blocks that can represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or a combination thereof (eg, firmware). System 1200 includes a logical grouping 1202 of electrical components that can operate in conjunction with each other. Logical grouping 1202 may include an electrical component 1204 for receiving signals associated with a portion of the set of codewords. In one aspect, the received signals are non-coherent signaling related to control channel information transmitted from one communication device (eg, mobile device 116) to another communication device (eg, base station 102). Can be. In another aspect, the codeword structure may be associated with orthogonal modulation (eg, binary orthogonal modulation, complex orthogonal modulation, erasure-based complex orthogonal modulation, extended erase-based complex orthogonal modulation) for non-coherent signaling. Can be. In another aspect, part of the set of codewords may include select codewords, which may be codewords having desirable cross-correlation characteristics, and may be used to transmit specific control information (eg, CQICH) and / or other information and May be used to facilitate reception. In one aspect, part of the set of codewords may be designed such that pairs of codewords that generate worst case cross-correlation can be deleted from part of the set of codewords, resulting in such worst case code The words are not part of a part of the set of received codewords. In another aspect, part of the set of codewords may include discarded codewords, where such discarded codewords are for other purposes, eg, erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, multi-mode control channel. It may be used to facilitate operation, and / or other required purposes.

In addition, logical grouping 1202 may include an electrical component 1206 for decoding the received signal. Moreover, logical grouping 1202 can include an electrical component 1208 for performing erasure decoding on non-coherent signaling. Erasure decoding may be performed in virtually any of a variety of ways, for example, as described completely above. Additionally, system 1200 may include a memory 1210 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1204, 1206, and 1208. While shown as being external to the memory 1210, it is to be understood that one or more electrical components 1204, 1206, and 1208 can exist within the memory 1210.

The invention described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is not possible to describe all combinations of components or methods to describe the foregoing embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that various additional combinations and modifications of many various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be construed as including all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope and spirit of the appended claims. In the sense that the term "comprises" is used in the description or in the claims, the term is intended to be encompassed in a manner similar to the term "comprising" which is to be interpreted as being used as a transitional word in a claim.

Claims (63)

As a method for the transmission of information, Generating a set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of information including control channel information; And Exploring a subset of codewords to be discarded among the set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least on a predefined codeword criterion, Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Method for the transmission of information. delete The method of claim 1, Scrambling in-phase and quadrature-phase of each codeword in the set of generated codewords, Said in-phase scrambling is performed using a first sequence, The orthogonal-phase scrambling is performed using a disparate sequence, Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Scrambling each codeword within the set of generated codewords using a communication device-specific complex pseudo-random noise sequence of a predetermined length, Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Deleting the subset of codewords based at least on the predefined codeword criteria further comprises deleting the codeword pairs having the worst case cross-correlation value; Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 6, The worst case cross-correlation value is

sign, Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Constructing the set of generated codewords based at least on complex orthogonal modulation; Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Determining the number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted; Determining available bandwidth; Determining an orthogonal modulation type; Determining a number of codewords to be used for at least one other operation; And Determining the number of tones further; Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, The set of generated codewords (

Set of different codewords (

Expand the set of generated codewords by summing

Is

Orthogonal to The set of other codewords (

) Is the complex codewords (except for the potential complex scrambling portion that applies to all codewords in common).

Obtained by swapping each in-phase and quadrature-phase of Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Transmitting control channel information using a subset of codewords that do not produce a worst-case cross-correlation value; And Using some of the deleted codewords for at least one other operation, the at least one other operation comprising at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, deletion detection, or multi-mode control channel transmissions Including Some of the deleted codewords are discarded codewords that are selected such that when operated together, the maximum cross-correlation value of the subset of codewords is not increased. Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Deleting a subset of codewords based at least on the predefined codeword criterion may be achieved by generating a bandwidth-efficient non-coherent signaling set of codewords having a predefined cross-correlation property. Deleting a subset of codewords including the worst-case codewords from the set, Method for the transmission of information. 13. The method of claim 12, The predefined cross-correlation property is associated with a correlation value of 1/2, Method for the transmission of information. 13. The method of claim 12, Wherein the complex orthogonal code is a delete-based complex orthogonal code or an extended delete-based complex orthogonal code; Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 1, Dividing the set of codewords into subsets of a plurality of codewords; Using a first subset of codewords to transmit control channel information of a first type; And To improve bandwidth efficiency, for at least one or a combination of erasure decoding, interference-level estimation or transmission of at least one other type of control channel information, at least one other codeword including discarded codewords. Further comprising using a subset, Method for the transmission of information. The method of claim 15, The first type of control channel information includes a channel quality indicator channel (CQICH), Wherein the at least one other type of control channel information comprises at least one or a combination of precoding matrix indicator channel (PMICH) or scheduling request channel (SRCH), Method for the transmission of information. As an electronic device, A processor for executing program codes for performing the method of claim 1, Electronic device. A wireless communication device, A memory that holds instructions related to transmitting information using complex orthogonal codewords generated based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; And A processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute instructions retained in the memory; Wireless communication device. The method of claim 18, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 18, The memory further retains instructions related to complex orthogonal modulation associated with the generated codewords; Wireless communication device. The method of claim 18, The memory may include a first subset of generated codewords that do not produce a worst-case cross-correlation property, and at least one of codewords that are generated by the worst-case cross-correlation property or discarded codewords, or Holds instructions related to at least one other set of generated codewords having deleted codewords including a combination of these, Each generated codeword is a complex orthogonal codeword, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 21, The at least one other set of generated codewords includes generated codewords that are deleted based at least on the predefined codeword criteria. Wireless communication device. The method of claim 21, The predefined codeword criterion is

Specifying that generated codeword pairs that produce the worst case cross-correlation property of will be deleted, Wireless communication device. An apparatus for transmitting information, A codeword generator for generating complex orthogonal codewords based at least on a predefined codeword criterion for transmission of information including control channel information; And A deleter for deleting codewords based at least on predefined codeword criteria, Device for the transmission of information. delete 25. The method of claim 24, Wherein the complex orthogonal codewords are deletion-based complex orthogonal codes or extended deletion-based complex orthogonal codes; Device for the transmission of information. The method of claim 26, The deleter is a codeword deletion condition

Construct at least one of the erase-based complex orthogonal code or the extended erase-based orthogonal code such that the cross-correlation between any two deleted complex orthogonal sequences is 1/2 or less by using C _{m (k)} and C _{n (k)} are binary sequences orthogonal to each other used for in-phase and quadrature-phase of the k-th complex orthogonal codeword, Device for the transmission of information. The method of claim 26, The codeword generator and the deleter may generate the set of generated codewords (

Set of different codewords (

) Operate in relation to each other for expansion of the set of generated codewords by summing

Is

Orthogonal to The set of other codewords (

) Is the complex codewords (except for the potential complex scrambling portion that is common to all codewords).

Obtained by swapping each in-phase and quadrature-phase of Device for the transmission of information. 25. The method of claim 24, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Device for the transmission of information. 25. The method of claim 24, The codeword generator may be one or more of a number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted, a number of codewords to be used for at least one other operation, a number of tones to be used for transmission, an orthogonal modulation type, or an available bandwidth. And generate codewords based at least on a combination of Device for the transmission of information. 25. The method of claim 24, The codeword generator is configured to scramble the set of generated codewords, The scrambling of the set of generated codewords is pre-scrambled or in-phase and quadrature-phase using different scrambling codes for in-phase and quadrature-phase of each codeword in the set of generated codewords. At least one or a combination of scrambling of each codeword within the set of generated codewords using a communication device-specific complex pseudo-random noise sequence of the determined length, Device for the transmission of information. A wireless communication device for transmitting information, Means for generating a set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of information; And Means for deleting a subset of codewords to be discarded from the set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least on predefined codeword criteria, Wireless communication device. 33. The method of claim 32, Means for transmitting signals associated with at least some of the generated set of codewords, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 33, wherein At least some of the generated set of codewords is a subset of codewords remaining after other codewords are deleted. Wireless communication device. 33. The method of claim 32, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Wireless communication device. A machine-readable medium having machine-executable instructions stored thereon, the machine-executable instructions comprising: Instructions for generating a set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of information; And Instructions for deleting a subset of codewords to be discarded from the set of complex orthogonal codewords based at least on predefined codeword criteria, Machine-readable medium. 37. The method of claim 36, The machine-executable instructions further comprise instructions for transmitting signals associated with at least some of the set of generated codewords using non-coherent signaling, Wherein each codeword in at least some of the generated set of codewords is a complex orthogonal codeword Machine-readable medium. 37. The method of claim 36, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or based at least on any combination thereof The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Machine-readable medium. A device of a wireless communication system, The apparatus includes a processor, wherein the processor, Use a set of generated complex orthogonal codewords, the complex orthogonal codewords being generated based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; And And use a portion of the generated set of complex orthogonal codewords for transmission of control channel information based at least on the predefined codeword criteria. Device in a wireless communication system. 40. The method of claim 39, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or based at least on any combination thereof The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Device in a wireless communication system. A method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment, Receiving signals associated with the set of generated complex orthogonal codewords to transmit information comprising control channel information based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; And Decoding the received signals; Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or based at least on any combination thereof The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein Decoding the received signals further comprises selecting a codeword associated with the received signals based at least on an energy level of cross correlation between the received signal and a candidate codeword; Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein Decoding the received signals further comprises using multi-peak non-coherent decoding for decoding the received signals; Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein At least some of the generated codewords associated with the received signals include deleted codewords that are discarded codewords. Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 46. The method of claim 45, Using the subsets of discarded codewords for erasure decoding in non-coherent signaling, Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein the erasure decoding comprises: Determination of codewords by maximum likelihood decoding; Selection of at least one codeword from the subset, completely orthogonal to the determined codeword; Calculating an average value of decoder output energy values corresponding to the at least one codeword; Determining at least one of a difference or ratio between a decoder output energy value of the determined codeword and an average value of the decoder output energy values corresponding to the at least one codeword; Comparing at least one of the difference or the ratio with a predetermined threshold level related to a valid decoding result; Determining whether at least one of the difference or the ratio is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold level; And Determining that the determined codeword is a valid decoding result when at least one of the difference or the ratio is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold level, or when at least one of the difference or the ratio is less than the predetermined threshold level Further comprising at least one of determining that the determined codeword is not a valid decoding result, Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein the erasure decoding comprises: Use the determined codeword as if it were a known sequence; Estimation of propagation channel coefficients based at least on the determined codeword; Removal of a signal component corresponding to the determined codeword from a received signal; Calculating an average power of the signal remaining after removing signal components of the received signal; Estimation of a background noise level based at least on an average power of the remaining signal; Calculating a signal-to-noise ratio based at least on the propagation channel estimate and the background noise level estimate; Comparison of the signal-to-noise ratio with a predetermined threshold level related to a valid decoding result; Determining whether the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold level; And Determining that the determined codeword is a valid decoding result if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold level, or if the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the predetermined threshold level, the determined codeword Further comprises at least one of determining that is not a valid decoding result, Method for the transmission of information associated with a communication environment. A wireless communication device, Receiving signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information comprising control channel information based at least on a predefined codeword criterion, and retaining instructions related to decoding the received signals Memory; And A processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute instructions retained in the memory; Wireless communication device. 50. The method of claim 49, The memory further retains instructions related to decoding the received signals to determine a codeword based at least on an energy level of cross correlation between a received signal and a candidate codeword; Wireless communication device. 50. The method of claim 49, The memory further retains instructions related to decoding signals received using multi-peak non-coherent decoding, Wireless communication device. 50. The method of claim 49, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Wireless communication device. 50. The method of claim 49, The set of generated codewords comprises a first subset of codewords used for transmission of control channel information and another subset of codewords including discarded codewords, At least some of the other subset of codewords are used for transmission of information related to at least one or a combination of erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, or multi-mode control channel operation, The multi-mode control channel operation includes the transmission of additional control channel information; Wireless communication device. A wireless communication device for transmitting information in a wireless communication environment, Means for receiving signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information comprising control channel information based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; Means for decoding the received signals; Wireless communication device. The method of claim 54, wherein Means for performing erasure decoding on the received signal using the subset of generated codewords that are discarded codewords, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 54, wherein The set of generated codewords comprises a first subset of codewords used for transmission of control channel information and another subset of codewords including discarded codewords, At least some of the other subset of codewords are used for transmission of information related to at least one or a combination of erasure decoding, interference-level estimation, or multi-mode control channel operation, The multi-mode control channel operation includes the transmission of additional control channel information; Wireless communication device. The method of claim 54, wherein The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or based at least on any combination thereof The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 54, wherein The means for decoding the received signals further comprises means for decoding the received signals to determine a codeword based at least on an energy level of cross correlation between the received signal and a candidate codeword, Wireless communication device. The method of claim 54, wherein The means for decoding the received signals further comprises means for decoding the received signals using multi-peak non-coherent decoding, Wireless communication device. A machine-readable medium having machine-executable instructions stored thereon, the machine-executable instructions comprising: Instructions for receiving signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information comprising control channel information based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; And Instructions for decoding the received signals; Machine-readable medium. The method of claim 60, The predefined codeword criteria are available bandwidth, number of codewords in the set of codewords, number of bits of control channel information to be transmitted at a given time, cross-correlation value of each pair of codewords, to be used. At least one of the required orthogonal modulation transmission type, a defined worst-case cross-correlation value between codewords, the number of tones used for transmission of control channel information, or the number of deleted codewords to be used for other operations Or a combination thereof, The other operation comprises at least one or a combination of interference-level estimation, erase detection, or multi-mode control channel operation, Machine-readable medium. The method of claim 60, The machine-executable instructions further comprise instructions for performing erasure decoding on the received signal using the subset of generated codewords that are discarded codewords. Machine-readable medium. A device of a wireless communication system, The apparatus includes a processor, wherein the processor, Receive signals associated with a set of complex orthogonal codewords generated for transmitting information including control channel information based at least on a predefined codeword criterion; Decode the received signals; And Perform erasure decoding of received signals using a subset of the generated set of codewords, The subset includes discarded codewords, Device in a wireless communication system.

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