KR101082502B1 - pouched-type battery - Google Patents
pouched-type battery Download PDFInfo
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- KR101082502B1 KR101082502B1 KR1020070132091A KR20070132091A KR101082502B1 KR 101082502 B1 KR101082502 B1 KR 101082502B1 KR 1020070132091 A KR1020070132091 A KR 1020070132091A KR 20070132091 A KR20070132091 A KR 20070132091A KR 101082502 B1 KR101082502 B1 KR 101082502B1
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- Prior art keywords
- pouch
- type battery
- barrier
- case
- battery
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/1245—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure characterised by the external coating on the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
- H01M50/129—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
- H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
- B32B2439/46—Bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 전극탭 또는 파우치 케이스의 실링부 전면을 둘러싸는 차단막을 구비한 파우치형 전지에 대한 것이다..The present invention relates to a pouch type battery having a blocking film surrounding an entire surface of a sealing portion of an electrode tab or a pouch case.
본 발명에 의하면 장기보전성능 및 외부의 충격에 대한 강도가 우수한 파우치형 전지를 제공할 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pouch-type battery excellent in long-term preservation performance and strength against external impacts.
파우치형 전지, 수분, 전지 성능, 물리적 외압 Pouch Type Battery, Moisture, Battery Performance, Physical External Pressure
Description
본 발명은 양극 음극 및 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전극조립체가 파우치케이스에 수용되는 형태를 가지는 파우치형 이차 전지에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a pouch type secondary battery having a form in which an electrode assembly including a positive electrode and a separator is accommodated in a pouch case.
전극 조립체의 케이스로는 각형 또는 원형의 금속캔을 주로 사용하는데, 최근에는 경량성 및 다양한 형태로의 제조가 가능하므로 파우치케이스로 전극 조립체를 감싼 형태의 파우치형 이차 전지가 각광을 받고 있다.As the case of the electrode assembly, a rectangular or circular metal can is mainly used. In recent years, since a light weight and a variety of forms can be manufactured, a pouch type secondary battery having a pouch case wrapped in an electrode assembly has been in the spotlight.
파우치케이스는 일반적으로 금속층과 이를 덮는 수지층이 다층막으로 구성된 라미네이트 시트로 이루어지는데, 수지층은 금속층을 보호하는 역할을 하는 한편, 양극과 음극 그리고 전극 탭들 사이의 단락을 방지하는 역할을 한다. The pouch case is generally made of a laminate sheet in which a metal layer and a resin layer covering the multilayer layer are formed of a multilayer film. The resin layer serves to protect the metal layer and to prevent a short circuit between the anode, the cathode, and the electrode tabs.
파우치형 전지에서, 파우치 케이스(20)의 내부공간에는 전극 조립체(10)가 내장된다. 상기 전극 조립체는 양극 활물질이 양극 집전체에 고착된 양극과, 음극 활물질이 음극 집전체에 고착된 음극과 이들 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 세퍼레이터를 포함한다. 즉 이들 양극, 세퍼레이터, 음극을 적층한 후 이들을 권취하여 젤리롤 타입의 전극 조립체를 형성한다. In the pouch type battery, the
각의 양극과 음극으로부터 전극탭(13)이 인출되어 파우치 케이스(20)의 외부 로 인출되어 전극단자를 형성한다. 이들 전극 탭(13)은 전극 조립체가 권취되는 방향과 수직 방향으로 돌출되도록 형성되고, 파우치 케이스의 밀봉되는 한 변을 통해 파우치를 통과하게 된다.The
전극 탭들은 일반적으로 금속, 대개는 알루미늄, 구리 또는 니켈의 탭 형태를 취한다. 이들은 의미 있는 전압 강하 없이 전류의 통로가 될 만큼 충분한 두께 및 치수를 가져야 한다. 따라서, 파우치 밀봉 과정에서 파우치 케이스 내면의 폴리머막과 전극 탭(13)을 이루는 금속 사이의 접합을 강화하기 위해 폴리머막 표면에 특정 성분을 함유시키거나, 밀봉전 이들 성분을 가진 별도의 테이프를 전극 탭(13)이 파우치와 접착되는 부분에 부착시킬 수도 있다.The electrode tabs generally take the form of tabs of metal, usually aluminum, copper or nickel. They must have sufficient thickness and dimensions to be the passage of current without significant voltage drop. Therefore, in order to enhance the bonding between the polymer film on the inner surface of the pouch case and the metal forming the
그럼에도 불구하고 전극 탭들의 두께가 커지면 전극 탭이 파우치를 통과하는 영역에서 파우치를 밀봉하는 데에 문제를 발생시킨다. 가령, 가열 봉합 중에 금속 탭이 열을 신속하게 제거하여 봉합 온도의 제어가 어렵게 된다. 또한, 금속으로 형성된 전극 탭은 그것의 두께 때문에 불균일한 압력을 초래하는데, 이 또한 봉합 신뢰성을 떨어뜨리는 원인이 된다.Nevertheless, an increase in the thickness of the electrode tabs causes a problem in sealing the pouch in the area where the electrode tab passes through the pouch. For example, metal tabs quickly remove heat during heat sealing, making it difficult to control the sealing temperature. In addition, electrode tabs formed of metal result in uneven pressure due to their thickness, which also leads to a decrease in sealing reliability.
이에 따라 파우치 케이스의 기밀성이 떨어져서 수분이 침투되는 등의 이유로 전지의 성능이 퇴화거나, 전해액이 있는 경우 전해액이 누출되는 등의 문제가 생긴다. As a result, the performance of the battery may be degraded due to poor airtightness of the pouch case, or the like, and leakage of the electrolyte may occur if an electrolyte is present.
또한, 파우치형 전지의 경우 각형 및 캔형 전지에 비하여 케이스의 두께가 얇으므로 외부의 물리적 충격에 의한 전지의 파손의 우려가 있다.In addition, in the case of the pouch type battery, the thickness of the case is thinner than that of the square type and can type batteries, so that the battery may be damaged due to an external physical shock.
따라서, 경량화 및 다양한 형상제조에 있어 유리한 측면을 가지는 파우치형 전지에 있어서 이러한 문제가 해결된 파우치형 전지의 제공이 절실히 요구된다.Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a pouch-type battery in which such a problem is solved in a pouch-type battery having advantages in weight reduction and various shapes.
본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제는 수분 등에 의한 전지의 성능저하를 방지하고 경도가 향상된 파우치형 전지를 제공하는 것이다. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pouch-type battery to prevent the performance degradation of the battery due to moisture and the like improved hardness.
본 발명에 의한 파우치형 전지는 전극조립체, 상기 전극조립체의 외면을 둘러싸고 있는 파우치케이스, 상기 파우치 케이스의 적어도 일면을 둘러싸는 차단재를 포함한다.Pouch-type battery according to the present invention comprises an electrode assembly, a pouch case surrounding the outer surface of the electrode assembly, a blocking material surrounding at least one surface of the pouch case.
또한, 상기 차단재는 상기 파우치케이스의 전극텝이 위치하는 면에 형성된 것일 수 있다.In addition, the blocking material may be formed on the surface where the electrode step of the pouch case is located.
또한, 상기 차단재는 상기 파우치 케이스 전면을 둘러싸면서 형성된 것일 수 있다.In addition, the blocking member may be formed surrounding the front of the pouch case.
또한, 상기 차단재는 ㅁ자 형태 및 ㄷ자 형태 중에서 선택되는 형태를 가지는 것일 수 있다.In addition, the barrier member may have a form selected from the K-shaped and c-shaped form.
또한, 상기 차단재는 차단성수지일 수 있다.In addition, the barrier material may be a barrier resin.
또한, 상기 차단성수지는 나일론, 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트, 폴리올레핀 수지 및 폴리이미드 수지로 이루어진 군 중에서 1종 이상 선택되는 것일 수 있다.In addition, the barrier resin may be one or more selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin resin and polyimide resin.
상기 차단재는 차단성수지와 무기물을 포함하는 차단성복합체일 수 있고, 상기 차단성복합체를 이루는 무기물은 백금, 팔라듐, 로듐, 레늄, 루테늄, 오스뮴, 이리듐, 세륨, 지르코늄, 티탄, 바나듐, 몰리브덴, 텅스텐, 란탄, 알루미늄, 이트륨, 니켈, 주석, 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 비스무트, 구리, 코발트, 철, 은, 금, 아연, 규소, 이들의 산화물, 이들의 탄소화물, 이들의 질소화물, 이들의 붕소화물 및 이들의 규소화물로 이루어진 군 중에서 1종 이상 선택되는 것일 수 있다.The barrier material may be a barrier composite including a barrier resin and an inorganic material, and the inorganic material constituting the barrier composite may be platinum, palladium, rhodium, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, cerium, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, Tungsten, Lanthanum, Aluminum, Yttrium, Nickel, Tin, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Bismuth, Copper, Cobalt, Iron, Silver, Gold, Zinc, Silicon, Oxides thereof, Carbohydrates thereof, Nitrides thereof, Boron thereof It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of cargoes and silicides thereof.
본 발명에 의하면, 전지 성능 퇴화를 감소시키고, 파우치형 전지가 물리적 외압에 강하게 된다.According to the present invention, deterioration of battery performance is reduced, and the pouch-type battery becomes resistant to physical external pressure.
도 1은 종래의 파우치형 전지의 일 예를 모식적으로 도시한 것이다. 파우치형 전지는 캐소드판, 애노드 판 및 세퍼레이터를 구비하는 전극 조립체(10)와, 상기 전극 조립체(10)를 감싸서 밀봉하는 파우치 케이스(20)로 이루어진다. 상기 전극 조립체(10)에서 형성된 전류를 외부로 유도하기 위한 전기적 통로 역할을 하는 전극탭(13)은 파우치 케이스(20)의 밖으로 소정 길이 노출되도록 설치된다. 1 schematically shows an example of a conventional pouch type battery. The pouch-type battery includes an
파우치 케이스(20)의 두 면은 서로 마주보는 면을 겹쳐 밀봉하게 되는데, 파우치 케이스가 밀봉되더라도, 전극탭이 위치하는 부분에서의 밀봉이 다른 곳에 비해서 기밀성이 떨어지므로 수분 등이 침투할 가능성이 높아진다. The two surfaces of the
파우치 케이스의 차단 능력이 떨어지면 세퍼레이터의 유기 전해액이 증발되거나 전지에 산소나 수분 등이 침투하는 경우 HF가 형성되는 등의 이상현상이 발생 하므로 스웰링 현상이 일어나 전지의 폐기, 성능 열화나 수명 단축을 초래하게 된다.When the pouch case's blocking ability decreases, abnormal phenomena such as HF formation occurs when the organic electrolyte of the separator evaporates or when oxygen or moisture penetrates into the battery. Will result.
본 발명의 경우, 도 2 및 도 3에서 도시된 바와 같이, 전극탭 주위를 둘러싸는 차단막(14)이 구비되어, 수분침투거리를 길게 하고, 기밀성을 향상시켜 외부로부터의 수분이나 산소 등의 침투를 막을 수 있게 되므로 전지의 성능 퇴화를 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 차단막에 의해 전지의 외부의 충격에 의한 영향이 줄어들어 물리적 성능이 향상되는 효과도 있다. In the case of the present invention, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the blocking
상기 차단막은 차단성 수지 또는 차단성 복합물로 이루어질 수 있다. The barrier film may be made of a barrier resin or a barrier composite.
상기 차단성 수지로는 폴리프로필렌, 폴리에틸렌 그리고 프로필렌, 에틸렌, 부텐, 옥텐 중 두가지 이상의 폴리머를 중합시킨 공중합물, 에틸렌-비닐아세테이트 공중합물, 에틸렌-아크릴산 공중합물, 에틸렌-에틸아크릴레이트 공중합물 및 에틸렌-메틸아크릴에이트 공중합물 등의 폴리올레핀계 수지와, 나일론, 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트 및 폴리이미드 수지중에서 선택되는 수지가 이용될 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 이러한 수지들은 수분차단성 및 전기절연성이 및 내화학성이 좋으므로 전기적 통로인 전지탭을 둘러싸는 상기 차단막으로 바람직하다.The barrier resins include polypropylene, polyethylene and copolymers of two or more polymers of propylene, ethylene, butene and octene, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymers and ethylene Polyolefin resins, such as methyl acrylate copolymer, and a resin selected from nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide resin may be used, but is not limited thereto. Such resins are preferable as the barrier film surrounding the battery tab, which is an electrical passage because of good moisture barrier property, electrical insulation and chemical resistance.
또한, 상기 차단성 복합물로는 수지와, 백금, 팔라듐, 로듐, 레늄, 루테늄, 오스뮴, 이리듐, 세륨, 지르코늄, 티탄, 바나듐, 몰리브덴, 텅스텐, 란탄, 알루미늄, 이트륨, 니켈, 주석, 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 비스무트, 구리, 코발트, 철, 은, 금, 아연, 규소 등과, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2 등과 같은 이들의 산화물, CaCO3와 같은 이 들의 탄소화물, 이들의 질소화물, 이들의 붕소화물 및 이들의 규소화물로 이루어진 군중에서 선택되는 무기물과의 복합물을 이용할 수 있는데, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.In addition, the barrier composite includes resin, platinum, palladium, rhodium, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, cerium, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthanum, aluminum, yttrium, nickel, tin, calcium, potassium , Magnesium, bismuth, copper, cobalt, iron, silver, gold, zinc, silicon, etc., Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 Oxides thereof, such as CaCO 3 , etc. Complexes with inorganic materials selected from the group consisting of their carbonides, their nitrogenides, their borides and their siliconides can be used, but are not limited thereto.
이러한 무기물의 부가로서 내스크래치성 및 셀의 변형을 감소시킬 수 있어 물리적 외압에 강한 전지를 제조할 수 있다.The addition of such an inorganic material can reduce scratch resistance and deformation of the cell, thereby producing a battery resistant to physical external pressure.
특히, 파우치형 전지의 경우, 여러 장점이 있기는 하나, 파우치 케이스의 두께가 매우 얇아 외부적 충격에 의한 파손의 위험이 크므로 이러한 차단성 복합재를 차단막으로서 사용하면 우수한 물리적 성능을 가지는 파우치형 전지를 제공할 수 있다.In particular, the pouch type battery has many advantages, but the pouch case has a very thin thickness, so there is a high risk of breakage due to external impact. Therefore, when the barrier composite material is used as a barrier, the pouch type battery has excellent physical performance. Can be provided.
차단막은 도 2 및 도 3에서 도시된 바와 같이 전극탭이 위치한 파우치 케이스 면에만 형성시킬 수도 있지만, 도 4에서 도시된 바와 같이 파우치 케이스 전면을 둘러싸는 형태의 차단막(15)으로 형성시킬 수도 있다. 이 경우 물리적 외압에 더 잘 견딜 수 있고, 전극탭이 위치한 면에만 차단만이 형성된 경우보다 기밀성이 증대하므로 전지의 성능 퇴화 방지에 더 효과적이다.As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the blocking film may be formed only on the surface of the pouch case where the electrode tabs are located. Alternatively, the blocking film may be formed as the blocking
또한, 전지의 탭의 형태에 따라 차단막의 형태는 다양하게 적용가능하나. 본 차단막은 ㅁ자 또는 ㄷ자 형태인 것이 바람직하다. 차단막은 파우치의 접착면을 보호하여 수분 및 산소를 차단하여 전지 내의 부반응을 막는 효과가 있다. 따라서, 한 쪽 면에만 탭이 형성된 전지의 경우는 도 5에서 도시한 것과 같은 ㄷ자 형태가, 양 쪽 면에 모두 탭이 형성된 경우에는 ㅁ자 형태가 유리하다. In addition, the shape of the barrier film can be variously applied depending on the shape of the tab of the battery. The barrier film is preferably in the form of K or C. The blocking film protects the adhesive surface of the pouch, thereby blocking moisture and oxygen, thereby preventing side reactions in the battery. Accordingly, in the case of a battery in which tabs are formed on only one surface, a U-shape as shown in FIG. 5 is advantageous.
본 발명에 따른 파우치형 전지는 산소 또는 수분의 차단에 의하여 기존의 파 우치형 전지에 비해 전지 성능 퇴화가 지연되고, 물리적 성능이 우수하다.Pouch-type battery according to the present invention is delayed in cell performance deterioration compared to the conventional pouch-type battery by the blocking of oxygen or moisture, and excellent in physical performance.
도 1은 파우치형 전지의 일 실시예를 모식적으로 도시한 것이다.1 schematically illustrates one embodiment of a pouch-type battery.
도 2 내지 도 5는 본 발명에 의한 파우치형 전지의 일 실시예를 도시한 것이다.2 to 5 show one embodiment of a pouch-type battery according to the present invention.
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