KR101067701B1 - Method for restoration of coastal wet land using a pipe type structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for restoring coastal wetlands by using a pipe-type structure to fix a saltwater plant in a coastal wetland. When the pipe-type structure according to the present invention is used, the seed or germination of a salt plant by a flow of seawater is provided. The loss of sieve is minimized, the settlement rate is improved, and it also helps to maintain the growth of previously grown salt plants. Therefore, the present invention is effective to restore coastal wetlands.

Coastal Wetlands, Restoration, Ecosystem, Tidal Flats, Salt Plants

Description

Coastal Wetland Restoration Method using Pipe-type Structure {METHOD FOR RESTORATION OF COASTAL WET LAND USING A PIPE TYPE STRUCTURE}

The present invention relates to a coastal wetland restoration method.

Coastal wetlands on Earth exist in various forms around the globe except Antarctica, with an area of 860 km2, which is about 7% of the earth's surface. Coastal wetlands are places where sandy muds, which are carried from land, settle in areas where there is a large difference in stream velocity and tidal swells and coastal slopes are gentle. These wetlands are terrestrial ecosystems and ecotones located in the sea and have unique ecological characteristics. In particular, coastal wetlands distribute halophyte, a salt-tolerant plant, whose production is transferred to the detritus food chain in the marine ecosystem. The production of these salt plants plays a very important role as a mediator of the productivity and distribution of marine dependent nutrients as the first food source of marine dependent nutrients in the food chain.

However, because these wetland ecosystems were misrecognized as useless land and lacked an understanding of the benefits to humans, these areas were used for agricultural, industrial and urban use through large landfills. As a result, the global wetland was reduced by 25%, and Korea continued to carry out large-scale reclamation projects such as the Saemangeum reclamation project, starting with the reclamation project in the Dongjin River District in the 1960s, to 35% of the wetland area of South Korea at 837.55. Abnormalities have been eliminated, resulting in habitat fragmentation, which not only reduces marine biodiversity, but also causes abrupt changes in marine species. The habitat fragmentation causes a great change in the coastal natural ecosystem, and various marine fish, salt plants, benthic fauna, fish and shellfish are changed or extinct, resulting in the loss of the function of marine ecosystems.

Recently, the 1992 Rio Global Environmental Summit pointed out the wetland ecosystem as an area desperately needed for future global conservation management. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) focuses on the conservation value as an interstitial land rather than the development of various tidal areas. Added higher efficiency.

Wetland conservation values include: Firstly, it is the region with the highest productivity (3 to 15 times higher than land) in the global ecosystem along with the habitat function of various marine organisms. In 1991, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service survey showed that 595 species of plants and animals were listed as threenedened or endansered species, of which 60% of the species and 40 species of endangered species were found in the tideland. I have included it. Secondly, wetlands may sediment or adsorb pollutants released from the land on tidal-flat soils, but they are taken up or taken up by flora and fauna living in tidal flats and decomposed by microorganisms to remove pollutants. Third, wetlands preserve coastal ecosystems by acting as a buffer against typhoons and tidal waves. Fourth, wetlands also play an important role in water storage, supply and freshwater protection.

The economic and industrial value of wetlands is as follows.

First, it has a habitat function of various marine organisms, which keeps species diversity stable and greatly affects the production of aquatic products through the food chain. In particular, it has significant value as a habitat function for fish, with 95% of commercial fishing in western Florida being found to be fisheries dependent on coastal wetlands. Representative fishes caught in Korea's marine wetland ecosystem include mullet, trout, bandang, perch, bokbok, and grass mandrel, and annually about 50,000 ~ 90,000 tons of shellfish are produced directly on the tidal flat and surrounding areas. The back light is produced in wetlands, and 1,000 tons and 500 tons are shipped each year.

Second, wetlands serve as a buffer to protect typhoons, reducing the cost of construction of breakwaters and other facilities. Third, the cleansing function of the wetland shows the cost saving effect of wastewater treatment by purifying terrestrial pollutants. Fourth, wetlands serve as a source of water supply and freshwater protection, and in the absence of coastal wetlands, the bases of freshwater are high, reducing the cost of desalination.

The area of tidal flats in Korea is about 240,000 ha as of 1998, and this was in December 1987 due to reclamation and reclamation for various coastal developments, such as securing farmland, creating harbor and industrial complex at seaside, and constructing coastal power plant and recent construction of Incheon New Airport. Compared to 30 to 40%.

In Korea, 70% of the narrow land is mountainous and the population density is high, so the food problem was the top priority of the country. Therefore, a reclamation project has been carried out for a long time. It is true that reclamation and reclamation for the expansion of various industrial infrastructures for food self-sufficiency and economic development have contributed greatly to the development of the country, but due to the damage to coastal wetlands, deterioration of coastal water quality and reduction of marine aquatic products are regarded as inevitable adverse effects of development. It is true that social awareness on the importance of coastal environment has been low, and the government's willingness to implement it is also lacking.

However, the Rio De Janeiro United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), attended by 178 countries including Korea in 1992, represents the Rio Declaration, a constitution for the protection of the global environment, and Agenda 21, which aims for sustainable development. With this adoption, our government has also begun to recognize the importance of policies aiming at harmonizing environmental conservation and development.

In particular, since Korea joined the Ramsar Convention for Wetland Conservation in 1997, the construction of the Sihwa embankment, which resulted in the massive loss of the tidal flats on the five coastal tidal flats, and the construction of the Incheon New Airport, led to indiscriminate development in light of the importance of coastal wetlands in various aspects. The domestic and international point of view has been in full swing, and even now, national projects such as Saemangeum reclamation project and Janghang mudflat development are sharply opposed to the pros and cons.

Therefore, the development of artificial wetland formation technology is an urgent task in Korea, in terms of the creation of alternative wetlands of wetlands that have been lost due to development, in addition to the primary justification of environmentally friendly expansion and enhancement of coastal wetlands.

Conventionally, in order to construct artificial wetlands, after preliminary investigation, the characteristics, topography and geological characteristics of the wetlands are determined, and the plant species suitable for the wetlands are selected. This has been used mainly. However, it has been time-consuming and expensive to employ suitable personnel to select suitable plant species, and labor costs for planting seeds or germinated bodies have been economically problematic, and due to high flow rates due to waves, tides, etc. There was a problem that the germination was lost and the settlement rate was very low.

The present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, an object of the present invention is to minimize the loss of seeds or germinated bodies due to waves, tides, etc. in coastal wetland restoration and to improve the rate of fixation The purpose is to provide a coastal wetland restoration method.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of fixing the pipe-like structure so that one of the two openings of the one or more pipe-like structure toward the bottom of the coastal wetland; And seeding, planting, or transplanting a seed or germ of a salt plant on the bottom of a coastal wetland located inside the pipe-type structure.

A second aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises the steps of fixing the pipe-like structure such that one of the openings of at least one pipe-like structure toward the bottom of the coastal wetland; And it provides a coastal wetland restoration method comprising the step of injecting the soil of the coastal wetland containing the seed or germination of the salt plant into the pipe-like structure.

In the restoration method of coastal wetland using the pipe-type structure according to the present invention, the reason that the success rate of the coastal wetland restoration method through the conventional artificial wetland composition is low is determined to be due to the high flow rate due to waves, tides, and the like. By minimizing the influence of external flow rate, the settlement rate was greatly improved by minimizing the loss of seeds or germination inside the bank.

In particular, the pipe-type structure according to the present invention, unlike the conventional structure is inserted deep into the bottom of the coastal wetland is fixed to protect the coastal wetland soil and plants together because it can maintain the seed or germinated and the germinated species of saline plants It was found to be more effective because.

In addition, when a plurality of seeds or germinated bodies are used at the same time, since the most suitable saline plants are settled, the success rate is improved compared to the conventional method.

Further effects of the coastal wetland restoration method using the pipe-type structure according to the present invention are as follows. Firstly, it can be used to restore coastal ecosystems due to coastal tidal-bed destruction, and secondly, it is possible to suggest the rapid restoration of the destroyed tidal-bed ecosystem, suggesting the successful development of overall restoration technology of the tidal-bed ecosystem. Fourth, it can be used to recommend and restore alternative biological resources resulting from the destruction of the tidal flat ecosystem. Fourth, it is possible to prevent the loss of the tidal flat soil, thereby maintaining a stable tidal flat ecosystem, and finally, the purification function of wetlands can be restored.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

One aspect of the invention, the step of fixing the pipe-like structure so that one of the openings of at least one pipe-like structure toward the bottom of the coastal wetland; And seeding, planting, or transplanting a seed or a germ of a saline plant on the bottom of the coastal wetland located inside the pipe-like structure.

A second aspect of the present invention includes the steps of fixing the pipe-like structure so that one of the openings of at least one pipe-like structure toward the bottom of the coastal wetland; And It relates to a coastal wetland restoration method comprising the step of injecting the soil of the coastal wetland containing the seed or germination of the salt plant into the pipe-like structure.

The salt plants included in the sediment of the sand or coastal wetland in the present invention are, for example, reeds, mud grass, waterfowl, moss, barley barley, Cheonil sedge, skykeeper, barberry, buds, blowfish, muzzle, thin It is preferable to select at least one from the group consisting of mussels, turkeys, namunjae, red herbs, canopy, muds, mud peas, mudsparum, mud flower, naive creeper tree, mud scent, mud worm, cephalopod, and wormwood. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and when two or more of the saline plants are selected, it is possible to induce germination of naturally selected species without selecting a suitable alternative habitat. Therefore, the success rate of salt paper restoration can be further improved.

Pipe-like structure in the present invention refers to a structure having an opening on both sides, a hollow space (hole) in the center and a side wall. There is no limitation on the size and shape of the pipe-like structure, and the size is not enough to be lost by the flow of seawater, such as waves, tides.

The cross section of the pipe-like structure may be circular, elliptical, square, etc., it is also possible to install one or more structures, respectively, it is also possible to install one or more structures at once by connecting.

Although it may be installed by placing one side (lower opening) of both openings of the pipe-like structure toward the bottom of the coastal wetland, it may be installed by inserting about one third of the height of the structure into the bottom of the coastal wetland in terms of stability. It is advantageous that the seeding or germinating bodies of the saline plants can be protected from the flow of sea water together with the soil of the coastal wetlands, so that the rate of settlement of the saline plants can be further improved.

The area of the cross section of the pipe-shaped structure is preferably 1.5 cm 2 or more, more preferably 5 cm 2 to 1000 cm 2, and most preferably 50 cm 2 to 500 cm 2. When the cross-sectional area of the pipe-like structure is within the above range, the seeds or germs of the saline plant can be sufficiently prevented from being washed away by the waves or tides, and the work is convenient, and the seeds or the germs of the sapling plant can sufficiently receive sunlight.

The height of the pipe-like structure is preferably 0.2 cm or more from the bottom of the coastal wetland, more preferably 5 cm to 50 cm, most preferably 10 cm to 25 cm. When the height of the structure is within the above range, the seed or germ of the saline plant can be sufficiently prevented from being washed away by the waves or tides, and the work is convenient, and the seed or the germ of the saline plant can receive enough sunlight.

The depth at which the piped structure is fixed to the bottom of a coastal wetland is preferably in the range of about 1/4 to 1/2 of the total length of the piped structure. When the fixed depth is in the above range, the structure is not lost, and sufficient protection may be provided to the soil of coastal wetlands including seeds of germinal plants or germinated bodies to increase the settlement rate.

The other side (upper opening) of both openings of the pipe-like structure may be covered with a net-shaped protective film to further protect the seeds or germs inside the seawater flow.

In the present invention, the second aspect is characterized in that the soil of the coastal wetland and the seed or germination of the salt plants to pre-mix, and then put into the pipe structure installed on the bottom of the salt wetland.

Since the present invention aims to restore coastal wetlands, it is most preferable to use sediments of the corresponding coastal wetlands to be restored as soils of the coastal wetlands.

In the present invention, one or more pipe-like structures may be installed, and the number of installation of the structures is not limited. It is possible to install several small structures, and to install a small number of large structures. That is, the size and number of pipe-type structures to be installed are determined according to the area of coastal wetland to be restored.

In the present invention, the pipe-like structure is generally made of plastic, wood, concrete, metal, etc., which is easy to process, but is preferably made of an environmentally friendly biodegradable material.

The biodegradable material in the present invention means all materials that can be decomposed by microorganisms without a separate artificial manipulation. In general, a biodegradable material including a cellulose component is preferable, and a bamboo barrel is most preferred.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the following examples are for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.

Examples and the like according to the present invention was evaluated in a flat marsh (flat) of the southeast side of Donggumdo located in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, the evaluation items in the Examples and the like were measured as follows.

<Population density of saline plants>

Five square spheres (50 x 50 cm) in the wetlands were used to measure the average number of living plants living within each square area.

<Growth height of saline plant>

The growth height of the living plants living within the area of the square was measured by a tape measure and averaged.

Example 1

A total of 20 cylindrical pipes 25 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length were made of PVC. Five square spheres (50 x 50 cm) were virtually set in the target coastal wetland, and each of the square spheres was installed to include four cylindrical pipes (FIG. 4). The cylindrical pipe was fixed by inserting about one third of its total length into the bottom of the coastal wetland so that one opening pointed toward the bottom of the coastal wetland and the height H was about 20 cm (FIG. 2).

The population density and growth height were measured from 6 months after planting a total of 160 seven turkey seeds (32 per one square sphere) per each cylindrical pipe on the bottom of the coastal wetland located inside the installed cylindrical pipe. It is shown in Table 1.

Example 2

It was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the turkey seeds were premixed with the soil of the coastal wetland and inserted into the cylindrical pipe (FIG. 3).

Comparative Example 1

Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a total of 160 soybean seeds were planted in total, each of 32 seeds in a imaginary square without a cylindrical pipe.

[Table 1] Population Density and Growth Height of Saline Plants

Elapsed time
(month) Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Population density Growth height Population density Growth height Population density Growth height 6 18 11.5 17 10.3 3 9.7 7 18 16.1 17 14.9 3 13.2 8 17 20.9 17 18.0 3 12.2 9 17 21.9 17 21.5 3 19.5 10 17 22.5 17 21.9 3 20.2

From the results of Table 1, the pipe-shaped structure produced according to the present invention (Example 1, Example 2), finally compared to the case where the rate of settlement of the salt plants in the wetland (Comparative Example 1) It was found to reach about 5.5 to 6 times, and the growth height of the salted plants was also evaluated to be higher.

This is because the pipe-type structure reduces the external waves coming from the waves, thereby minimizing the pressure that the plant can receive, and sufficiently reduces the probability of the plant being lost by the flow rate and the frankincense.

1 shows an example of the form of a pipe-like structure according to the invention.

2 is a view showing the seeding or seed germination of saline plants after the pipe-like structure is fixed to the coastal wetland bottom according to the present invention.

Figure 3 shows the insertion of a mixture of seeds or germinated bodies of soil plants and coastal wetlands after the pipe-like structure is fixed to the coastal wetland bottom, according to the present invention.

4 is a plan view showing an installation state of the pipe-like structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: pipe structure

2: coastal wetlands

3: seed or germination of saline plants

4: soil in coastal wetlands

5: rectangle

S: cross-sectional area of pipe structure

H: height of pipe structure

L: length of pipe structure

Claims (8)

Securing the pipe-like structure such that one of the openings of at least one pipe-like structure faces the bottom of the coastal wetland; And Seeding, planting, or transplanting a seed or germ of a salt plant on the bottom of a coastal wetland located inside the pipe structure Including, Coastal wetland restoration method, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the pipe-shaped structure is 1.5 ~ 1,000 ㎠. Securing the pipe-like structure such that one of the openings of at least one pipe-like structure faces the bottom of the coastal wetland; And Injecting soil of a coastal wetland containing a seed or germ of a salt plant into the pipe structure Including, Coastal wetland restoration method, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the pipe-shaped structure is 1.5 ~ 1,000 cm 2. delete The coastal wetland restoration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the pipe-like structure from the bottom of the coastal wetland is 0.2 cm or more. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the depth at which the pipe-like structure is fixed to the bottom of the coastal wetland is in the range of 1/4 to 1/2 of the total length of the pipe-like structure. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pipe-like structure is made using a biodegradable material. The method of claim 6 wherein the biodegradable material is a biodegradable material comprising cellulose. The method of claim 6, wherein the biodegradable material is coconut fiber.

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