KR101067029B1 - Coloring method for metal using potassium sulfide - Google Patents

Abstract

Various methods are used for coloring metals, and methods for coloring silver include methods using gold chloride and spirits, methods of using copper lactate and salts, and methods of using potassium sulfide and water.

Especially in the method of coloring silver using potassium sulfide, it is related with the method for coloring of various colors.

Coloring, potassium sulfide, silver, metal

Description

Metal coloring method using potassium sulfide {COLORING METHOD FOR METAL USING POTASSIUM SULFIDE}

Various methods are used for coloring metals, and methods for coloring silver include methods using gold chloride and spirits, methods of using copper lactate and salts, and methods of using potassium sulfide and water.

Especially in the method of coloring silver using potassium sulfide, it is related with the method for coloring of various colors.

Metal crafts are crafts or fields made of metals.

Metal crafts, which began in the Bronze Age, brought about a great change in the human culture of life and became a measure of industry and culture of an age. With the development of smelting technology, various materials such as iron, gold, silver, tin, lead and bronze, brass, and white copper, which are copper alloys, have been developed, and the decorative technique with glass, crystal, and various kinds of jade is added. Developed. Weapons, pottery, clothing, jewelry, and daily necessities have been manufactured using these metal materials and various techniques. Recently, the range has been expanded with the development of new materials such as aluminum and stainless steel. .

The material of metal can be largely divided into ferrous and nonferrous metals.

Since the Iron Age, human civilization has developed rapidly by making it easier to develop tools and weapons. Iron is 5%, the second largest on earth after silicon (27%) and aluminum (8%), and the first iron-based food is the Egyptian iron ball, estimated to be around 3500 BC. The use of iron was evident in Asia around 1000 BC, after which the use of iron spread to Greece and Aegean and spread throughout Western culture. As the gates and window frames of 16th-century buildings were made of iron, iron became a full-fledged flowering of artistic material.

Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals that are not iron.

The first metal discovered by mankind was copper ore, and the place where metallurgy developed in the Tigris and Euphrates basins in 4000 BC was Egypt. Pure copper was so soft that alloys made of tin or zinc were hardened and copper refining was developed simultaneously. Materials such as brass and bronze were widely used.

Gold is the most important material for precious metals and was excavated in large quantities from tombs in Egypt, Etruscan, Colombia, and Mexico. Gold is not oxidized and has excellent malleability and ductility, so a thin wire of 1.25 ㎛ thickness and 28 g of gold can make several kilometers of gold wire.

Silver was produced from silver ore, and was used for precious metalwork, tableware, ornaments, and coins. It was next to pure gold, so it was highly malleable and processed into thin silver foil, silver powder, silver wire, etc. to make decorative items. Since alloyed silver is stronger than pure silver, it is suitable for utility products such as tableware.

In addition to copper, gold, and silver, tin and lead are non-ferrous metals that have been discovered and used since BC. They are easily melted at low temperatures and are not corrosive to air. It became the material of the ornament which there is. In addition to these materials from ancient times, there are non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, nickel, platinum, and titanium that have been put into practice since the 17th century.

Techniques for processing metal materials include sheet metal, casting, forging, and decorative techniques.

The sheet metal method is a technique of making a shape by cutting or breaking a plate after making a large chunk of metal. Metal fabrication techniques have been the most used since ancient times, and metal plates and plates were riveted before welding or silver soldering was developed. The full-scale Egyptian statue (Pepi I) in Cairo's Egyptian Museum is a prime example of sheet metal and riveted joints. The Three Kingdoms of Korea and the Guan Gong, the Hype and the Yo-gwa of the Unified Shilla Era were also produced with this technique.

The casting method is a technique of melting various metals into a liquid to make a liquid, and then pouring the mold into a mold to solidify it. Soft stones and mud were used as molds in the Bronze Age, and in 2500 BC, Egyptian statues were made using the lead method, which included bronze swords, bronzes, mirrors, homogeneous species, Made with this technique. Today, the casting method has been developed into precise and various forms of mass production technology, and paper, wood, sand, gypsum, bronze, steel, etc. are used as mold materials.

The forging method is a metal forming technique by hammer work. It is a method of tapping a line or rod rather than a metal plate, and this technique is mainly used for all crafts made of iron after the iron age. Iron, copper, gold, silver, etc., which are highly plastic, were forged with materials. Forging with heat was mainly used, and forging without heat was also used. This technique is believed to have been used by Egyptians around 5500 BC to make tools from bronze and copper, and most of the gates and sills made of steel in the Middle Ages were forged. In Korea, it was used to make Geumdong Gobae or Gakbae.

Small techniques are embossing, repousse, chasing, engraving, inlaying, inlaying, silvering, or gilding as decorative techniques for engraving patterns or letters on the surface of metal plates. ).

Embossing is a decorative technique that is pushed from the back side to make the front side of the metal plate stick out.

Chasing is a method that is struck from the front to emboss the front of the metal plate.

Engraving is a method of partially shaving a face with a sharp tool to carve a pattern on a metal plate.

Inlay technique is a method of decorating a pattern by inserting other metals such as gold, silver, and other jewelry on a metal plate. Damascus inlays, developed in ancient times, are grooved in iron and bronze with gold or silver wire and polished and then patterned. Niello inlays from the region of Damascus are silver, copper, lead, and sulfur. It is an inlay technique that emphasizes the contrast of black and white by alloying ammonium chloride and making it black. This technique produced many excellent products in Byzantine, Islamic civilization, and 15th-century Italy and Germany. The silver inscription, a kind of inlay technique in Korea, is a characteristic technique used until the present day through Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. Presumably prevalent.

Cloisonne is a technique that decorates the surface colorfully by melting and attaching glass of various colors on the metal surface. It was developed in the Mycenaean civilization and blossomed in the Byzantine culture. In particular, Cloisonne was developed.

Plating is a primitive method of coating thin gold leaf on wood, metal, gypsum and glass. Gold leaf was found in ancient Egyptian furniture, and in Greece the technique of mercuring the marble statues with gold was developed.

Coloring refers to coloring by forming one or two or more metal compounds on a metal surface by chemical change and thereby changing the color of the surface. In addition, the dyeing of the metal itself by dye is also called coloring, and the deposition by metal salt or the like is also called coloring.

The coloring of metal is an operation for surface treatment by rusting which is an oxide peculiar to each metal by the characteristics of various metals, to give an aesthetic effect or to prevent further burning.

The method of coloring differs according to the characteristic of each metal.

Silver coloring includes the use of gold chloride and spirits, the use of copper lactate and salts, and the use of potassium sulfide and water. Iron coloration includes heat discoloration, red earth, copper lactate, garnet and sulfur, and ferric chloride, copper lactate, ethyl isoate, acetic acid, spirits, and water. Copper coloring includes Niiro coloring, Ohgu coloring, copper nitrate coloring, cyan coloring, ammonium carbonate coloring, fume coloring and black coloring (Lee Sung-il, Study on the Preference of Coloring Techniques in Metal Crafts, 2004.02, p7-11) .

Regarding the coloring, the final step of the work is to remove the scratches on the surface of the metal form, polishing to give a gloss, texture (gloss texture) and polishing for the effect of the metal surface is called surface treatment.

Especially in the coloring of silver, the coloring method of various colors is calculated | required.

When silver is colored using potassium sulfide, it is intended to present the degree of coloration of silver and the amount and duration of soaking time of potassium sulfide for coloring a specific color.

The present invention relates to a silver coloring method in which silver is immersed in an aqueous solution in which 0.15 to 0.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfide is mixed with 150 to 250 parts by weight of water at 10 to 80 ° C.

Depending on the amount of potassium sulfide used and immersion time, black, yellow, gold and blue colored silver can be obtained. Corrosion is also prevented by this coloring.

The present invention relates to a silver coloring method in which silver is immersed in an aqueous solution in which 0.15 to 0.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfide is mixed with 150 to 250 parts by weight of water at 10 to 80 ° C.

Potassium sulfide is a compound of potassium and sulfur, in addition to polysulfides.

Potassium monosulfide is of formula K ₂ S, and pure is a colorless crystalline powder. It has a formula weight of 110.3, a melting point of 840 ° C., and a specific gravity of 1.805 (14 ° C.). Easily oxidized to yellow in air. It is deliquescent and easily soluble in water. Soluble in ethyl alcohol, glycerol, liquid ammonia. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline and generates hydrogen sulfide with acid. In aqueous solution, colorless tetragonal pentahydrate is obtained. The melting point of pentahydrate is 60 ° C. It is changed to dihydrate at 150 ° C, and dehydrated in hydrogen stream. Pure anhydride is obtained by reacting metal potassium with sulfur in liquid ammonia, even if the hydrate is dehydrated in a dry hydrogen stream. The pentahydrate is obtained from an aqueous solution in which potassium hydroxide is reacted with hydrogen sulfide. Industrial products are made by melting potassium carbonate and sulfur together, and contain polysulfide and K ₂ S ₂ O ₃ produced by the oxidation. Because it dissolves keratin, it is used as a medicine for skin diseases.

Potassium polysulfide is represented by the formula K ₂ S _n (n = 2, 3, 4, 5). Obtained by the melting reaction of potassium monosulfide with a calculated amount of sulfur in a vacuum, all are colored degradable crystals soluble in water and ethyl alcohol. K ₂ S ₂ is a reddish yellow hexagonal crystal, melting point 471 ° C, K ₂ S ₃ is yellowish brown, melting point 252 ° C, and K ₂ S ₄ is reddish brown, melting point 145 ° C. K ₂ S ₅ is orange and has a melting point of 206 ° C.

Potassium sulfide is used for coloring of silver. Usually, potassium sulfide is used by dissolving it in constant water.

If the concentration of the potassium sulfide solution is more than 0.166% by weight (0.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfide, 150 parts by weight of water), a chemical reaction may occur severely on the surface of the silver, which may damage the product. The concentration of the potassium sulfide solution is 0.006 If the amount is less than 0.1% by weight of potassium sulfide (250 parts by weight of water), the degree of chemical reaction is insignificant and coloring does not occur.

If the temperature of the potassium sulfide solution is higher than 85 ℃, the chemical reaction is active on the surface of the silver, which may cause damage to the product. If the temperature of the potassium sulfide solution is lower than 9 ℃, the degree of chemical reaction is insignificant, and no coloring occurs. .

More particularly, the present invention relates to a silver coloring method, wherein the silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 75 to 85 ° C. for immersion of silver for 55 to 65 seconds.

Silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 75 to 85 ° C. for 55 to 65 seconds to color black.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a silver coloring method, wherein the silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for immersion of silver for 4 to 6 seconds.

Silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for 4 to 6 seconds to color yellow.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a silver coloring method, wherein the silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for 27 to 33 seconds when the silver is immersed.

Silver is immersed in gold in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for 27 to 33 seconds.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a silver coloring method, wherein the silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for 9 to 11 minutes.

Silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide and 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ° C. for 9 to 11 minutes to color blue.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example  One. black  coloring

200 ml of water at 80 ° C. were prepared in a container capable of immersing silver. A small mass of 0.2 g of potassium sulfide was dissolved in water. Stir well with a wooden stick. Before coloring, the surface (silver oxide film of silver) of the 3.5-weight weight made from the silver to be colored was wash | cleaned. The silver sculpture in the solution Soak for 1 minute. The silver sculpture was taken out of the solution and soaked in cold water. After coloring, dry it thoroughly. A silver sculpture colored in black could be obtained.

Example  2. yellow tinted

200 mL of water at 10 ° C. was prepared in a container capable of immersing silver. A small mass of 0.2 g of potassium sulfide was dissolved in water. Stir well with a wooden stick. Before coloring, the surface (silver oxide film of silver) of the 3.5-weight weight made from the silver to be colored was wash | cleaned. The silver sculpture was soaked in solution for 5 seconds. The silver sculpture was taken out of the solution and soaked in cold water. After coloring, dry it thoroughly. A yellow sculpture colored in yellow could be obtained.

Example  3. gold coloring

200 mL of water at 10 ° C. was prepared in a container capable of immersing silver. A small mass of 0.2 g of potassium sulfide was dissolved in water. Stir well with a wooden stick. The weight made of silver to be colored before coloring The surface (silver oxide film) of 3.5 g of the sculpture was washed. The silver sculpture was immersed in the solution for 30 seconds. The silver sculpture was taken out of the solution and soaked in cold water. After coloring, dry it thoroughly. A silver sculpture colored in gold could be obtained.

Example  4. Blue tinted

200 mL of water at 10 ° C. was prepared in a container capable of immersing silver. A small mass of 0.2 g of potassium sulfide was dissolved in water. Stir well with a wooden stick. Before coloring, the surface (silver oxide film of silver) of the 3.5-weight weight made from the silver to be colored was wash | cleaned. The silver sculpture was immersed in the solution for 10 minutes. The silver sculpture was taken out of the solution and soaked in cold water. After coloring, dry it thoroughly. A silver sculpture colored in blue could be obtained.

Claims (5)

In the method of coloring silver using potassium sulfide, A silver coloring method in which silver is immersed in an aqueous solution in which 0.15 to 0.25 parts by weight of potassium sulfide is mixed with 150 to 250 parts by weight of water at 9 to 85 ° C. The method of claim 1, When the silver is immersed, silver is immersed in the aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide, 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 75 to 85 ° C for 55 to 65 seconds. The method of claim 1, When immersing the silver, silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide, 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ℃ for 4 to 6 seconds. The method of claim 1, When the silver is immersed, silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide, 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ℃ for 27 to 33 seconds. The method of claim 1, When immersing the silver, silver is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.19 to 0.21 parts by weight of potassium sulfide, 190 to 210 parts by weight of water at 9 to 11 ℃ for 9 to 11 minutes.