KR101014092B1 - Liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and includes a reflecting portion and a transmitting portion. A phase difference layer is formed in at least one board | substrate, and this phase difference layer differs in phase difference in the said reflecting part and a transmission part. Moreover, a retardation layer is formed in at least one board | substrate, and the said retardation layer has a slow axis different in the said reflecting part and a transmission part.

Retardation Layer, Reflector, Transmitter, Liquid Crystal Display, Slow Axis

Description

Liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method {LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME}

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The principal part schematic sectional drawing which shows the liquid crystal display device of the structure which becomes the basis of 1st Embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

3 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 1.

4 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of the application example of the first embodiment;

5 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of another application example of the first embodiment;

6 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device of still another application example of the first embodiment;

7 is an essential part schematic sectional view of the liquid crystal display device having a configuration that is the basis of the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 7. FIG.

9 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 7.

10 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of the application example of the second embodiment;

11 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of another application example of the second embodiment;

12 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device having a configuration as the basis of the third embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 12. FIG.

FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 12. FIG.

15 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device of an application example of the third embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view of principal parts showing a liquid crystal display device of another application example of the third embodiment; FIG.

17 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of still another application example of the third embodiment;

18 is a principal part schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device having a configuration as the basis of the fourth embodiment.

19 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an optical configuration when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 18.

20 is an exploded perspective view showing an optical configuration when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 18.

21 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of the application example of the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 22 is a schematic sectional view showing principal parts of a liquid crystal display device according to another application example of the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 23 is a schematic sectional view showing principal parts of a liquid crystal display device according to still another application example of the fourth embodiment.

24 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of still another application example of the fourth embodiment;

25 is an essential part schematic sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device of still another application example of the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of a substrate on a surface after a TFT is formed.

Fig. 27 is a schematic cross sectional view of a main portion showing a conventional semi-transmissive liquid crystal display in which two phase difference layers are formed.

Fig. 28 is a schematic cross sectional view of an essential part showing a conventional transflective liquid crystal display in which four phase difference layers are formed.                 

Description of the Related Art

2, 6: substrate

3: reflective electrode

4: transparent electrode

5: polarizer

7: reflector λ / 4 layer

8: counter electrode

9: polarizer

10, 10 ': liquid crystal layer

The present invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display device having a reflecting portion and a transmitting portion, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Conventionally, as a display for a personal computer, a transmissive liquid crystal display that displays using a backlight is mainstream, but recently, the demand for display devices for mobile electronic devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones Is rapidly increasing, and a reflection type liquid crystal display device capable of lowering power consumption is drawing attention as compared with a transmission type liquid crystal display device. The reflection type liquid crystal display device reflects incident light from the outside with a reflecting plate to perform display, and since the backlight is unnecessary, the power consumption is reduced by that, and compared to the case where a transmissive liquid crystal display device is employed. There is an advantage that enables a long time driving.

Since the reflective liquid crystal display performs display using ambient light, a configuration is proposed in which the front light is provided on the display surface side of the panel and the light is incident from the front light assuming that it is used in a dark situation. It is. However, when the front light is provided on the display surface side, there is a problem that the reflectance and contrast are lowered and the image quality is lowered.

In order to solve this problem, a transflective liquid crystal display device in which a transmissive portion is formed on a part of the reflecting plate of the pixel portion and coexists with a reflective type and a transmissive type has been developed. In this system, since the backlight is provided on the opposite side of the display surface, good visibility can be obtained in both a dark place and a bright place without degrading the image quality of the reflection type, and high quality can be realized. The basic structure of a transflective liquid crystal display device is disclosed, for example in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-29010, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-35570, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 27, the conventional transflective liquid crystal display 101 includes a reflective electrode formed of a material having a high reflectance on one main surface side of the substrate 102 with an interlayer film 103 therebetween. 104 and a transparent electrode 105 formed of a material having a high transmittance, and a λ / 4 layer 106 and a polarizing plate 107 are stacked and provided on the other main surface side of the substrate 102 in this order. . In addition, the liquid crystal display device 101 includes a counter electrode 107 on one main surface of the substrate 108 that faces the substrate 102. Moreover, (lambda) / 4 layer 110 and the polarizing plate 111 are laminated | stacked in this order on the other main surface side of the board | substrate 108, and are provided. The liquid crystal layer 112 made of a liquid crystal material is provided between the reflective electrode 104, the transparent electrode 105, and the counter electrode 109. In the liquid crystal display 101 shown in FIG. 27, the retardation layer of 1 sheet in the front, 1 sheet in the back, and 2 sheets in total is used.

Actually, in order to reliably suppress the influence of wavelength dispersion and to realize better black display, as shown in FIG. 28, the λ / 4 layer 106 and the λ / 2 layer 113 are combined on the substrate 102 side. In addition, a total of four retardation layers may be used in combination with the λ / 4 layer 110 and the λ / 2 layer 114 on the substrate 108 side.

By the way, in the liquid crystal display device 101 shown in FIG. 27, by providing the (lambda) / 4 layer 110 as a phase difference layer in the whole surface of the board | substrate 108 side used as a display surface, the influence of wavelength dispersion is suppressed and reflection display is carried out. To realize that. On the other hand, when realizing a transmissive display, a phase difference layer such as a lambda / 4 layer is unnecessary, but since the lambda / 4 layer 110 is present on the entire surface of the substrate 108 side serving as a display surface for reflection display, the lambda / 4 layer 110 is present. In order to compensate the phase difference in the / 4 layer 110, it is necessary to use the λ / 4 layer 106 on the side of the substrate 102 on the back side. In other words, since one phase difference layer which is originally unnecessary in the transmissive display is used for the display surface for reflection display, one sheet must be added to the rear surface to compensate for this phase difference.

For the same reason, in the liquid crystal display device 201 as shown in FIG. 28, two of the rear surfaces of the four phase difference layers compensate for the phase difference of the phase difference layer for reflection display. It is unnecessary.

As described above, the conventional transflective liquid crystal display device has a problem in that the number of retardation layers is increased compared to the reflective liquid crystal display device or the transmissive liquid crystal display, and the cost increases or the thickness of the cell increases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of reducing a phase difference layer on the rear side of a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a reflection portion and a transmission portion are formed, and a phase difference layer is formed on at least one substrate. The phase difference layer is characterized in that the phase difference between the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion is different.

Moreover, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention is a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device by which a liquid crystal layer is clamped on a pair of board | substrate, and a reflection part and a transmission part are formed, and a phase difference layer is formed in at least one board | substrate. The phase difference layer is patterned to leave at least the phase difference layer in the reflecting portion, and the phase difference between the phase difference layer in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion is different.

In the liquid crystal display device configured as described above, the phase difference layer of the retardation layer formed on one substrate is different in the reflection portion and the transmission portion, so that the phase difference layer required for the image display of the reflection portion does not function in the transmission portion. For this reason, the phase difference layer functions in the reflecting section to obtain sufficient reflectance, and the transmission section can realize transmissive display without adding a new phase difference layer for compensating the phase difference of the phase difference layer.

In addition, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a reflection portion and a transmission portion are formed, and a phase difference layer is formed on at least one substrate, and the phase difference layer is The slow axis is different in the reflection part and the transmission part.

Moreover, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention is a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device by which a liquid crystal layer is pinched on a pair of board | substrate, and a reflecting part and a transmission part are formed, The reflecting part and the at least one board | substrate Characterized in that the retardation layer different from the slow axis in the transmission portion.

In the liquid crystal display device configured as described above, the slow axis of the retardation layer formed on one substrate is different between the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion so that the retardation layer necessary for image display of the reflecting portion does not function in the transmitting portion. For this reason, the retardation layer functions as a retardation layer to obtain a sufficient reflectance, and the transmissive display can be realized without adding a new retardation layer for compensating the retardation of the retardation layer in the transmissive portion.

In the conventional semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device, by combining the polarizing plate with the lambda / 4 layer produced by the rubbing treatment and the exposure, it is possible to obtain an advantage that the design becomes easy on the optical configuration. As described above, the number of used retardation layers increases, which increases the cost. On the other hand, this invention changes the phase difference between a transmission part and a reflection part, and can reduce the conventionally required phase difference layer by making the combination of the rubbing direction at the time of forming a phase difference layer, and the transmission axis of a polarizing plate optimal.

Moreover, in the liquid crystal display element of this invention, a permeation | transmission part can also be made into the twisted nematic mode conventionally used for the transmissive liquid crystal display element. Therefore, high contrast can be obtained at the time of transmission display. In addition, the reflective portion can be displayed in the electrolytic birefringence mode (ECB mode) in the same twisted shape as that of the transmissive portion or at a different angle, thereby increasing the gap margin and increasing productivity. .

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method which apply this invention are demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings.

<1st embodiment>

First, the first embodiment of the transflective liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied will be described. Although the liquid crystal display device of 1st Embodiment is mentioned later in detail, it is a fundamental feature that the phase difference of a phase difference layer differs in a reflecting part and a transmission part. The basic structure of such a liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

In the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 1, one substrate 2 has a reflection electrode 3 serving as a reflecting portion formed of a material having high reflectance on one main surface side, and a transmissive portion formed of a material having high transmittance. It is provided with the transparent electrode 4, and the polarizing plate 5 is arrange | positioned at the other main surface side. In addition, the other substrate 6 which becomes the display surface side with ambient light incident thereon reflects the reflector? / 4 layer 7 as a phase difference layer on the reflecting portion on the one main surface side facing the substrate 2, and Opposing electrodes 8 are provided in both regions of the portions and the transmissive portions, and the polarizing plate 9 is disposed on the other main surface side. Further, a liquid crystal layer 10 made of a liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the substrate 2 and the substrate 6. In addition, a backlight (not shown) for transmission display is disposed outside the polarizing plate 5. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5 are set to be perpendicular to each other. In addition, the slow axis of the reflector (lambda) / 4 layer (7) which is a retardation layer is set so that it may make a predetermined angle (for example, the angle of 45 degrees with respect to a transmission axis) with respect to the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizing plate 9 here. It is.

In the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment, the reflector? / 4 layer 7 is formed as the phase difference layer in the reflecting portion, but the phase difference layer is not formed in the transmissive portion, and the phase difference is different in the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion. . In other words, when the reflector? / 4 layer 7 functions in the reflecting section, a phase difference necessary for reflective display is obtained, while in the transmissive section, no phase difference occurs. With such a configuration, in order to compensate for the phase difference between the reflecting portions? / 4 layer 7 on the display surface side, transmissive display is realized without adding the? / 4 layer on the rear surface.

Although the reflection part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 which is a retardation layer may be formed in the outer side of the board | substrate 6, it is preferable to form in the liquid crystal layer 10 side as shown in FIG. The parallax problem resulting from the thickness of 6) can be suppressed as much as possible.

The reflector? / 4 layer 7, which is a retardation layer, is obtained by applying a liquid crystal polymer onto the substrate 6 after the alignment treatment such as rubbing is performed, for example, and patterning the liquid crystal polymer so that the liquid crystal polymer remains only in the reflecting portion. Lose. More specifically, a photosensitive liquid crystal polymer is coated on the substrate 6 subjected to the alignment treatment, and subjected to an exposure step and a developing step, thereby obtaining a phase difference layer having a desired shape. Moreover, you may apply | coat the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer which shows a nematic phase on the board | substrate 6 or an orientation film, and irradiate an ultraviolet-ray, generate | occur | produce a liquid crystal polymer, and may obtain a retardation layer. The phase difference of this retardation layer can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing a film thickness. Moreover, it is not limited to a liquid crystal polymer as a retardation layer, An extended film may be sufficient.

The case where image display is actually performed by the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 1 described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In addition, in order to simplify description, illustration of the board | substrate 2 and the counter electrode 8 is abbreviate | omitted in FIG.2 and FIG.3. In addition, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 once when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10, the liquid crystal has a phase difference of λ / 4 in the reflection part and λ / 2 in the transmission part. It is assumed that the phase difference of the layer 10 is adjusted, and the liquid crystal orientation when no voltage is applied is substantially parallel to the substrate 2 and the substrate 6, and the orientation orientation is the reflector? / 4 layer 7. It is assumed that the angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 is parallel to the orientation direction of the polarizing plate 9.

First, the case where bright display is performed without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.

In the reflecting portion, the ambient light incident from the substrate 6 side (display surface) is linearly polarized light in the polarizing plate 9 that coincides with its transmission axis. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light, and is converted into linearly polarized light by the liquid crystal layer 10 to reach the reflective electrode 3. The linearly polarized light in which the direction of travel is reversed to the reflective electrode 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 again to be circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light passes through the reflector? / 4 layer 7 again to It becomes linearly polarized light parallel to a transmission axis, and passes through the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the substrate 2 side (rear surface) becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis in the polarizing plate 5. The linearly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5, that is, linearly polarized parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 by the liquid crystal layer 10 having a phase difference of λ / 2. Pass through 9).

Next, the case where dark voltage is displayed by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

In the reflecting portion, ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light reaches the reflective electrode 3 in the liquid crystal layer 10 and almost maintains its polarization state, and is reflected. The reflected circularly polarized light is circularly polarized light in which the rotation direction is reversed, and again passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 and enters the reflector λ / 4 layer 7 to be converted into linearly polarized light that is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the rear surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5. This linearly polarized light reaches the polarizing plate 9 while maintaining the polarization state in the liquid crystal layer 10 and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

As described above, the reflector? / 4 layer 7 necessary for dark display of the reflector is not formed in the transmission part. For this reason, in the reflecting section, the reflecting section λ / 4 layer 7 functions to obtain a sufficient reflectance, while in the transmissive section, the transmissive display does not need to add a new retardation layer to compensate for the retardation of the retardation layer on the display surface side. Can be realized. Therefore, while realizing good display quality with high contrast in both reflective display and transmissive display, the phase difference layer on the back side becomes unnecessary, and the thickness of a cell and unnecessary cost reduction of phase difference layer are achieved.

In the above description, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface, and when the voltage is not applied, the phase difference of lambda / 4 in the reflection part and lambda / in the transmission part Although the structure which has a phase difference of 2 was mentioned as the example, the liquid crystal display of this invention may be reversed. That is, the configuration may have a phase difference of λ / 4 in the reflecting unit and a phase difference of λ / 2 in the transmitting unit when voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display.

By the way, in this embodiment, it is not limited to the case where a phase difference layer consists of one layer of a reflector (lambda) / 4 layer, but is a phase difference layer which compensates the wavelength dispersion in a reflector (lambda) / 4 layer and this reflector (lambda) / 4 layer. The structure which consists of two layers of and may be sufficient. The case where the phase difference layer which compensates the wavelength dispersion of the reflector? / 4 layer is a? / 2 layer will be described with reference to FIG. 4. 4, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 1, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 21 of this application example, the retardation layer in the reflecting portion has a two-layer structure of the reflecting portion? / 2 layer 22 and the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7. This structure is not formed.

By setting the phase difference layer of the reflecting portion to the above-described two-layer structure, in addition to the effects of the above-described liquid crystal display device 1, which is a basic structure, the liquid crystal display device 21 performs light leakage due to wavelength dispersion at broadband when dark display is performed. In this way, better image display can be realized.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display device 1 of the basic structure and the liquid crystal display device 21 of the application example mentioned above, although all the phase difference layers of the transmission part are removed, in this invention, the phase difference layer which has a phase difference different from the phase difference layer of a reflection part is a transparent part. It also includes a case where it is formed. The liquid crystal display device of such another application example is demonstrated with reference to FIG. In addition, in FIG. 5, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 1, and the liquid crystal display device 21 of FIG. 4, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 31 shown in FIG. 5, unlike the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 21 of FIG. 4, the transmission part retardation layer 32 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 10 side of the substrate 6. The phase difference of the transmission part retardation layer 32 is determined in consideration of various characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 10, and is preferably such that the residual phase difference when the voltage is sufficiently applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 is canceled out.

Thereby, in addition to the effect of the liquid crystal display device 21 mentioned above, the liquid crystal display device 31 can make dark display in a transmission part darker, and can implement | achieve a favorable image display.                     

In this application example, the case where the phase difference layer of the reflector is a two-layer structure of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and the reflector? / 2 layer 22 is exemplified. The effect of forming the transmission part retardation layer 32 can be obtained.

In addition, the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment can also be applied to the full color liquid crystal display device 41 as shown in FIG.

The liquid crystal display 41 shown in FIG. 6 is provided with the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B corresponding to each dot of Red, Green, and Blue on the liquid crystal layer 10 side of the board | substrate 6, These On the region corresponding to the reflecting portion of the color filters 42R, 42G, 42B, the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7R, the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7G, and the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7B as phase difference layers. ) Is formed, and the counter electrode 8 is formed on the reflector retardation layer with the overcoat layer 43 interposed therebetween.

In the liquid crystal display device 41 of this application example, the reflector? / 4 layer 7R, the reflector? / 4 layer 7G, and the reflection, which are phase difference layers, are matched to the transmission wavelengths of the respective color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B. By changing the film thickness of the negative lambda / 4 layer 7B, it is assumed that the phase difference layers of each portion have a phase difference of lambda / 4. Thereby, the influence of the wavelength dispersion of each color can be suppressed, and better image display can be implement | achieved.

Moreover, in the above description, although the liquid crystal display device of the structure in which the phase difference layer was formed in the board | substrate of a display surface side was mentioned as an example, this invention is not limited to this, At least one, such as the structure in which a phase difference layer is formed in the board | substrate of a backlight side, etc. What is necessary is just to form the phase difference layer in which a phase difference differs in a reflecting part and a transmission part in a board | substrate.

<2nd embodiment>                     

A second embodiment of a transflective liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied will be described. The difference between the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment and the first embodiment described above lies in the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer between the reflection portion and the transmission portion (that is, the liquid crystal alignment in the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules), and the other configuration. Shall be the same. The structure which becomes the basis of such a liquid crystal display device of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C. In addition, about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. In addition, although the optical structure of a reflecting part and a transmission part is shown with FIG. 7A-7C and the principal part schematic sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device, in the optical structure of this figure and each figure shown below, the liquid crystal orientation (upper) is It is a liquid crystal orientation of the board | substrate 6 side, and liquid crystal orientation (lower) shall be a liquid crystal orientation of the board | substrate 2 side. In addition, in the optical structure demonstrated below, about the optical structure of the polarizing plates 5 and 9, the transmission axis direction is shown.

That is, in the liquid crystal display device 1 ′ shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the liquid crystal alignment of the reflector is applied to the reflector liquid crystal layer 10 ′ similarly to, for example, the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 1. In the state which is not, it is set so that it may be parallel with the board | substrate 2 and the board | substrate 6, and may make an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 and the polarizing plate 5. As shown in FIG. In this state, the liquid crystal layer 10 'of the reflecting portion is also adjusted to have a phase difference of λ / 4 when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10' once, as in the liquid crystal display of FIG. .

In contrast, in the transmissive portion, in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', the liquid crystal alignment on the substrate 6 side is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, and the liquid crystal alignment on the substrate 2 side is By making parallel with the polarizing plate 5, it is set so that it may become a twisted nematic 90 degree twist.

In the state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', both the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion have a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 6.

For this reason, in the liquid crystal display device 1 ', the alignment film (not shown) of the surface which faces the liquid crystal layer 10' between the board | substrate 2 and the board | substrate 6 shall be oriented as follows. That is, in the reflection part, the alignment film of the board | substrate 2 side and the board | substrate 6 side shall be oriented in the direction which forms the angle of 45 degrees with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5 and the polarizing plate 9. For this reason, these alignment films may be oriented in a direction forming an angle of 90 ° with respect to the reflector λ / 4 layer 7 as shown in the drawings, and are aligned so as to be parallel to the reflector λ / 4 layer 7. You may be. In contrast, in the transmissive portion, the alignment film on the substrate 2 side is oriented in a direction parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5, and the alignment film on the substrate 6 side is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. Orientation process is carried out in.

A case in which image display is actually performed by the liquid crystal display device 1 'shown in Figs. 7A to 7C described above will be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9. In addition, in order to simplify description, illustration of the orientation film of the surface which faces the board | substrate 2, the counter electrode 8, and the liquid crystal layer 10 'is abbreviate | omitted.

First, the case where bright display is performed without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 'will be described with reference to FIG.                     

In the reflecting portion, the ambient light incident from the substrate 6 side (display surface) is linearly polarized light in the polarizing plate 9 that coincides with its transmission axis. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light, and is converted into linearly polarized light by the liquid crystal layer 10 'to reach the reflective electrode 3. The linearly polarized light in which the direction of travel is reversed to the reflective electrode 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 'again to be circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light passes through the reflector? / 4 layer 7 again to form the polarizing plate 9. It becomes linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of and passes through the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the substrate 2 side (rear surface) becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis in the polarizing plate 5. By the liquid crystal layer 10 'in which this linearly polarized light is twisted by 90 degrees, linearly polarized perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5, that is, linearly polarized parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, Passes through the polarizing plate 9.

Next, the case where dark voltage is displayed by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 'will be described with reference to FIG.

In the reflecting portion, ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light corresponding to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light reaches the reflective electrode 3 while maintaining the polarization state almost in the liquid crystal layer 10 ', and is reflected. The reflected circularly polarized light is circularly polarized light in which the rotation direction is reversed, and again passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 to be incident on the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and is converted into linearly polarized light that is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the rear surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5. This linearly polarized light reaches the polarizing plate 9 while maintaining the polarization state in the liquid crystal layer 10 and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

As described above, the liquid crystal display device 1 'having such a configuration is similar to the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment. It is not formed in the permeation | transmission part, and the effect similar to 1st Embodiment can be acquired. And the liquid crystal orientation of a transmissive part is made into twisted nematic twisted by 90 degrees, and the display in a beneficiation mode is performed in a transmissive part, and the contrast can be displayed more favorable.

In the above description, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface, and when the voltage is not applied, the reflecting part has a phase difference of λ / 4 and a transmissive part. Although a configuration in which the twisted nematic is twisted by 90 ° is given as an example, the liquid crystal display of the present invention may be reversed. In other words, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device, the reflection portion may have a phase difference of λ / 4 and become a twisted nematic twisted 90 ° in the transmission portion.

By the way, in 2nd Embodiment, it is not limited to the case where a phase difference layer consists of 1 layer of the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7, and it was the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer similarly demonstrated using FIG. 4 in 1st Embodiment. And a retardation layer for compensating for wavelength dispersion in the reflector? / 4 layer. The case where the phase difference layer which compensates the wavelength dispersion of the reflector? / 4 layer is a? / 2 layer will be described with reference to FIG. 10. In addition, in FIG. 10, the principal part schematic sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device is shown, and the optical structure of a reflection part and a transmission part is shown. In addition, about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 21 of FIG. 4, and the liquid crystal display device 1 'of FIG. 7, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 21 'of this application example, the phase difference layer in the reflector has a two-layer structure of the reflector? / 2 layer 22 and the reflector? / 4 layer 7. The structure is not formed. In this case, the reflector [lambda] / 2 layer 22 and the reflector [lambda] / 4 are combined so that the reflector [lambda] / 2 layer 22 and the reflector [lambda] / 4 layer 7 are combined to form a [lambda] / 4 layer of a wide band. In the layer 7, the slow axis of each other is kept at 60 °, and the slow axis of the reflector? / 2 layer 22 is kept at 15 ° with respect to the transmission axis (or absorption axis) of the polarizing plate 9, It is assumed that the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 is maintained at 75 ° with respect to the transmission axis (or absorption axis) of the polarizing plate 9.

In addition, the liquid crystal orientation of the reflecting portion in this case is adjusted to have a phase difference of λ / 4 when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 'once in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10', Moreover, it is preferable to set in the direction similar to the slow axis of the reflector (lambda) / 4 layer 7, or a direction close to a right angle so that the residual retardation at the time of applying a voltage can be adjusted to (lambda) / 4.

In the liquid crystal display device 21 'having the retardation layer of the reflector as the two-layer structure described above, in addition to the effect of the above-described liquid crystal display device 1' which is a basic structure, when dark display is performed, Display in the ECB mode which eliminates light leakage due to wavelength dispersion can be performed, and better image display can be realized.

In addition, in 2nd Embodiment, it is not limited to the case where only the liquid crystal layer 10 'of a permeation | transmission part is twisted nematic, and the structure in which the liquid crystal layer 10' of a reflecting part also becomes twisted nematic may be sufficient. The case where the liquid crystal layer 10 'of the reflecting portion is also twisted nematic will be described with reference to FIG. 11A-11C, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 21 'of FIG. 10, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

The part where the liquid crystal display device 21a of this application example differs from the liquid crystal display device 21 'demonstrated using FIG. 10 exists in the liquid crystal orientation of a reflecting part, and the other structure shall be the same.

That is, in the liquid crystal display device 21a shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C, the liquid crystal alignment of the reflecting portion is set to be twisted nematic without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 '. For this reason, in the liquid crystal display device 21a, the alignment film (not shown) of the surface which faces the liquid crystal layer 10 'between the board | substrate 2 and the board | substrate 6 is predetermined by the board | substrate 2 side and the board | substrate 6 side. It is assumed that the alignment is performed to achieve an angle. This angle is a balance between the size of the cell gap and the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer 10 ', so that light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10' once without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 '. In this case, it is adjusted to have a phase difference of λ / 4.

Note that, in the state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', the liquid crystal molecules are aligned substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 6 as described above.

Thus, the effective phase difference of the liquid crystal layer of a reflecting part becomes small by making the liquid crystal orientation of a reflecting part into twist nematic. For this reason, the margin for the cell gap is enlarged by widening the cell gap for making the reflecting portion a phase difference of? / 4. As a result, the yield of a liquid crystal display device can be improved.

Moreover, the liquid crystal display device of 2nd Embodiment mentioned above can be applied to a full color liquid crystal display device similarly to 1st Embodiment. In addition, in the above description, although the liquid crystal display device of the structure in which the phase difference layer was formed in the board | substrate of a display surface side was mentioned as an example, this invention is not limited to this, At least one, such as the structure in which a phase difference layer is formed in the board | substrate of a backlight side, etc. What is necessary is just to form the phase difference layer in which a phase difference differs in a reflecting part and a transmission part in a board | substrate.

In addition, by combining each structure demonstrated by 2nd Embodiment, the characteristic effect can be acquired by the combined structure.

<Third embodiment>

Next, a third embodiment of the transflective liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied will be described. The liquid crystal display of the third embodiment will be described later in detail, but the slow axis of the retardation layer is different in the reflection portion and the transmission portion. The basic structure of such a liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12. 12, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 1 of FIG. 1, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. 12, one substrate 2 is a reflective electrode 3 serving as a reflector formed of a material having high reflectance on one main surface side via an interlayer film 52, and a transmittance. The transparent electrode 4 used as this transmissive part formed of this high material, and the reflective electrode 3 and the alignment film 53 formed on the transparent electrode 4 are provided, and the polarizing plate 5 is arrange | positioned at the other main surface side. . In addition, the other substrate 6 which becomes the display surface side while the ambient light is incident on the reflecting portion λ / as a phase difference layer in the region of the reflecting portion on the one main surface side facing the substrate 2 via the alignment film 54. Four layers 7, a transmissive portion λ / 4 layer 55 in the region of the transmissive portion, an opposing electrode 8, and an alignment film 56 formed on the opposing electrode 8 in both regions of the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion. And the polarizing plate 9 is arrange | positioned at the other main surface side. Further, a liquid crystal layer 10 made of a liquid crystal material is sandwiched between the substrate 2 and the substrate 6. In addition, a backlight (not shown) for transmission display is disposed outside the polarizing plate 5. The transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5 are set to be orthogonal to each other. In addition, the slow axis of the reflector (lambda) / 4 layer (7) which is a phase difference layer of a reflecting part is set so that it may become an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate (9).

In addition, the slow axis of the transmissive part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 which is a phase difference layer of a transmissive part, and the slow axis of the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer (7) which is a phase difference layer of a reflecting part differ in the direction, specifically, the transmissive part (lambda) / 4 layer The slow axis of 55 is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 disposed on the substrate 6 serving as the display surface. These reflecting portions λ / 4 layer 7 and transmitting portion λ / 4 layer 55 form, for example, a liquid crystal polymer or a nematic phase on the alignment film 54 oriented in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion on the substrate 6. It is obtained by apply | coating the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer which has. Of course, orientation division can also be performed by photo-alignment process, and in this case, the alignment film 54 does not need to be formed.

In the liquid crystal display device 51 of the third embodiment, the phase difference layer formed on the entire surface of one of the substrates 6 is oriented and divided, and the ground is reflected by the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55. Due to different axes, only the reflector? / 4 layer 7 functions as a phase difference layer. In other words, the slow axis of the transmissive portion? / 4 layer 55 coincides with the transmissive axis of the polarizing plate 9 on the front side, whereby the transmissive portion? / 4 layer 55 has no effective phase difference. With such a configuration, in order to compensate for the phase difference between the reflector? / 4 layer 7, transmissive display is realized without adding a phase difference layer on the rear surface.

Although the structure formed in the outer side of the board | substrate 6 may be sufficient as the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 and the permeation | transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 which are retardation layers, it is a liquid crystal layer 10 side as shown in FIG. It is preferable to form, and the parallax problem resulting from the thickness of the board | substrate 6 can be suppressed as much as possible.

The reflecting portion [lambda] / 4 layer 7 and the transmitting portion [lambda] / 4 layer 55, which are retardation layers, are obtained by, for example, applying a liquid crystal polymer onto the substrate 6 after an alignment treatment such as mask rubbing is performed. More specifically, a photosensitive liquid crystal polymer is coated on the substrate 6 subjected to the alignment treatment, and subjected to an exposure step and a developing step, thereby obtaining a phase difference layer having a desired shape. Moreover, you may apply | coat the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer which shows a nematic phase on the board | substrate 6 or an orientation film, and irradiate an ultraviolet-ray, generate | occur | produce a liquid crystal polymer, and may obtain a retardation layer. In addition, the reflection part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 which are retardation layers are obtained also by photo-alignment process of the film | membrane which apply | coats a liquid crystal polymer. The phase difference of this retardation layer can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing a film thickness. Moreover, as a retardation layer, you may form with the extended film.

Moreover, in embodiment, if the direction of the slow axis of the phase difference layer of a permeation | transmission part is a structure without the effective phase difference of the phase difference layer of a permeation | transmission part, the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizing plate of a display surface side, or the transmission axis or absorption of the polarizing plate of a back surface is provided. It may coincide with either of the axes.

The case where the image display is actually performed by the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. 12 described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. In addition, in order to simplify description, illustration of the board | substrate 2, the counter electrode 8, and each alignment film is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 13 and FIG. In addition, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 once when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10, the layer of the liquid crystal layer has a phase difference of λ / 4 at the reflecting portion and λ / 2 at the transmitting portion. It is assumed that the thickness is adjusted, and the liquid crystal alignment in the case where no voltage is applied is substantially parallel to the substrate 2 and the substrate 6, and the orientation orientation is an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. We shall accomplish.

First, the case where bright display is performed without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 13.

In the reflecting portion, the ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light, and is converted into linearly polarized light by the liquid crystal layer 10 to reach the reflective electrode 3. The linearly polarized light in which the direction of travel is reversed to the reflective electrode 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 again to be circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light passes through the reflector? / 4 layer 7 again to It becomes linearly polarized light parallel to a transmission axis, and passes through the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the rear surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis in the polarizing plate 5. The linearly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5, that is, linearly polarized parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 by the liquid crystal layer 10 having a phase difference of λ / 2. The / 4 layer 55 passes through the polarizing plate 9 with the polarization state almost maintained.

Next, the case where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 and the display is dark will be described with reference to FIG.

In the reflecting portion, the ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light reaches the reflective electrode 3 in the liquid crystal layer 10 and almost maintains its polarization state, and is reflected. The reflected circularly polarized light is circularly polarized light in which the rotation direction is reversed, passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 again, enters the reflector λ / 4 layer 7, and converts the linearly polarized light into orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It is made to absorb by the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the rear surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis in the polarizing plate 5. This linearly polarized light reaches the polarizing plate 9 with the liquid crystal layer 10 and the transmission part λ / 4 layer 55 almost maintaining its polarization state, and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

As described above, in the liquid crystal display device 51, the slow axis of the transmissive part λ / 4 layer 55 coincides with the transmissive axis of the polarizing plate 9, so that the transmissive part λ / 4 layer 55 does not function as a phase difference layer. For this reason, in the reflecting section, the reflecting section λ / 4 layer 7 functions to obtain a sufficient reflectance, while in the transmissive section, the transmissive display does not need to add a new retardation layer to compensate for the retardation of the retardation layer on the display surface side. Can be realized. Therefore, while realizing good display quality with high contrast in both reflective display and transmissive display, the phase difference layer on the back side becomes unnecessary, and the thickness of a cell and unnecessary cost reduction of phase difference layer are achieved.

In the above description, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface, and when the voltage is not applied, the phase difference of lambda / 4 in the reflection part and lambda / in the transmission part Although the structure which has a phase difference of 2 was mentioned as the example, the liquid crystal display of this invention may be reversed. That is, the liquid crystal layer may have a phase difference of λ / 4 in the reflecting portion and a phase difference of λ / 2 in the transmitting portion when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display.

Incidentally, in the embodiment, the phase difference layer is not limited to the case where one layer is formed of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55, and is composed of two layers as shown in FIG. It may be. In addition, in FIG. 15, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 51 of FIG. 12, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 61 of this application example, the reflection part λ / 4 layer 7 and the transmission part λ / 4 layer 55 and the reflection part λ / 4 as the phase difference layer on the liquid crystal layer 10 side of the substrate 6. In addition to having a reflector? / 2 layer 22 and a transmissive? / 2 layer 62 to compensate for wavelength dispersion of the layer 7, the slow axis of the retardation layer is made different between the reflector and the transmissive part. That is, the reflector? / 2 layer 62 and the reflector? / 4 layer 7 function as? / 2 and? / 4 layers, respectively, while the transmissive? / 2 layer 62 and the transmissive? / 4 The layer 55 does not function as a retardation layer whose slow axis coincides with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, for example. This two-layer retardation layer is formed by, for example, applying a UV curable liquid crystal monomer having a liquid crystal polymer or a nematic phase onto the alignment film 54 that is oriented in the reflection portion and the transmission portion on the substrate 6 to reflect the portion λ. The / 2 layer 22 and the transmissive part λ / 2 layer 62 are formed, and on the λ / 2 layer, an alignment film 63 oriented in the reflecting part and the transmissive part is further formed, and has a liquid crystal polymer or a nematic phase. It is obtained by applying the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer to form the reflecting portion λ / 4 layer 7 and the transmitting portion λ / 4 layer 55. Of course, orientation division can also be carried out by a photo-alignment process.

In addition to the effect of the liquid crystal display device 51, which is the basic structure of the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display device 61 is armed by making the retardation layer into the above-described two-layer structure and varying the slow axes of the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion. In the case of performing display, light leakage due to wavelength dispersion at a wide band can be eliminated, and better image display can be realized.

Moreover, this invention is not limited to the liquid crystal display device of the structure in which the phase difference layer was formed in the board | substrate 6 on the display surface side, Of course, it applies also to the liquid crystal display device of the structure in which a phase difference layer is formed in the board | substrate 2 of a backlight side. do. That is, in the liquid crystal display 71 shown in FIG. 16, the reflection electrode 3 and the transparent electrode 4 are formed in the back side of the board | substrate 2 side, and the phase difference layer through the alignment film 54 on it. Phosphorus reflection part (lambda) / 4 layer (7) and transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer (55). These reflecting portions λ / 4 layer 7 and transmissive portions λ / 4 layer 55 are formed as described with reference to FIG. 12.

In this case, a transparent electrode for assuring the driving of the liquid crystal between the reflecting portion [lambda] / 4 layer 7 and the transmitting portion [lambda] / 4 layer 55 and the liquid crystal driving alignment film 53 (shown in FIG. May be omitted). However, when forming such a transparent electrode, the plug 16 for connecting this transparent electrode to a TFT is formed. In this case, it is not necessary to form the transparent electrode 4 between the substrate 2 and the transmissive portion? / 4 layer 55.

Here, the reflector? / 4 layer 7 functions as a retardation layer, but the transmissive part? / 4 layer 55 functions as a retardation layer whose slow axis coincides with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, for example. I never do that. In the case where the retardation layer is formed on the substrate on the backlight side as in the liquid crystal display device 71 shown in FIG. 16, the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7 functions in the reflecting portion and a sufficient reflectance is obtained. The transmissive display can realize the transmissive display without adding a retardation layer for compensating the retardation of the retardation layer on the rear surface to the display surface side. Therefore, similarly to the liquid crystal display device described so far, while realizing good display quality with high contrast in both the reflective display and the transmissive display, the retardation layer on the rear side becomes unnecessary, and the thickness of the cell and the unnecessary cost reduction of the retardation layer are achieved.

In addition, the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment can be applied to the full color liquid crystal display device 81 as shown in FIG.

This liquid crystal display device 81 includes color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B corresponding to each dot of red, green, and blue on the liquid crystal layer 10 side of the substrate 6, and these color filters 42R On the 42G and 42B, as the retardation layer, the reflector? / 4 layer 7R and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55R, the reflector? / 4 layer 7G and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55G, and The reflecting part [lambda] / 4 layer 7B and the transmission part [lambda] / 4 layer 55B are formed, respectively, and the counter electrode 8 is formed on these retardation layers with an overcoat layer 43 interposed therebetween.

Then, the reflector? / 4 layer 7R and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55R, the reflector? / 4 layer 7G and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55G and the reflector? / 4 layer ( 7B) and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55B are made so that the slow axis may differ in a reflection part and a transmission part, and the phase difference layer of a transmission part does not function. Thereby, like the liquid crystal display of the above-mentioned example, the retardation layer of the back surface for compensating the retardation of the retardation layer used for the reflective display becomes unnecessary, and the number of sheets of retardation layer can be reduced.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display device 81 of this application example, the reflection part λ / 4 layer 7R and the transmission part λ / 4 layer 55R which are retardation layers are matched to the transmission wavelengths of the respective color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B. By changing the thicknesses of the reflector? / 4 layer 7G and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55G and the reflector? / 4 layer 7B and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55B, the phase difference layers of each part It has a phase difference of λ / 4. Thereby, the influence of the wavelength dispersion of each color can be suppressed, and better image display can be implement | achieved.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the case where the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the front surface or the rear surface and the slow axis of the phase difference layer of the transmission portion are completely orthogonal or parallel, so that the phase difference layer of the transmission portion does not function at all. The slow axis may be slightly shifted. For example, the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part may have a phase difference determined in consideration of various characteristics of the liquid crystal layer. In this case, when the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part has sufficiently applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer. It is preferable to provide the permeation | transmission part with the phase difference of the grade which cancels the residual phase difference layer of a liquid crystal layer. As a result, better display of the image can be realized by making the dark display in the transmissive portion darker than in the case where the phase difference layer of the transmissive portion does not function at all.

In addition, in 3rd Embodiment, although the slow axis of the retardation layer of a permeation | transmission part was made into the structure which coincides with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the front surface, although the slow axis of the retardation layer of a transmissive part is the structure which matches the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of a back surface, The effect can be obtained.

<The fourth embodiment>

Next, a fourth embodiment of the transflective liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied will be described. The liquid crystal display device of 4th Embodiment combines 2nd Embodiment and 3rd Embodiment mentioned above, and demonstrates the structure which becomes a basic with reference to FIGS. 18A-18C. In addition, although the optical structure of a reflecting part and a transmission part is shown with schematic sectional drawing of the principal part of a liquid crystal display device in FIG. 18C, the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 51 of FIG. 12 demonstrated by 3rd Embodiment, and 2nd embodiment is shown. The same components as in the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 7A to 7C described in the form are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

That is, the liquid crystal display device 51 ′ shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C differs from the liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. 12 in the above-described third embodiment in the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer between the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion. (Liquid crystal orientation) is adjusted similarly to what was demonstrated in 2nd Embodiment, and shall be another structure similar to 3rd Embodiment.

That is, in the liquid crystal display device 51 ′ shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C, the liquid crystal alignment of the reflector is performed in the state where the voltage is not applied to the reflector liquid crystal layer 10 ′. ) And parallel to each other, and set at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axes of the polarizing plate 9 and the polarizing plate 5. In this state, the liquid crystal layer 10 'of the reflecting portion is adjusted so that a voltage is not applied, and the light has a phase difference of? / 4 when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10' once.

In contrast, in the transmissive portion, in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', the liquid crystal orientation on the substrate 6 side is parallel to the transmission axis 9a of the polarizing plate 9, and on the substrate 2 side. The liquid crystal orientation of is parallel to the polarizing plate 5, so that it is set to be a twist nematic twisted by 90 degrees.

In the state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', both the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion have a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 6.

In addition, in this liquid crystal display device 51 ', the interlayer film 52 is formed in the reflecting portion as described with reference to FIG. 12 in the third embodiment, and the transmitting portion? / Four layers 55 are formed.

Here, in the interlayer film 52 formed in the reflecting portion, in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', the liquid crystal layer 10' of the reflecting portion has a phase difference of λ / 4, and the liquid crystal molecules of the transmissive portion Is formed with a film thickness that adjusts the cell gap (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 10 ') between the transmissive part and the reflecting part so as to satisfy the hair shaft condition at intervals of 90 ° twisted nematic enough to maintain the photoreactivity. . Therefore, it is not necessary to form the interlayer film 52 in the liquid crystal display device 51 'as long as the above conditions can be satisfied without the interlayer film 52.                     

In addition, as described in the third embodiment of the transmissive part λ / 4 layer 55 formed on the substrate 6 side of the transmissive part, the slow axis coincides with the transmissive axis of the polarizing plate 9 on the front side, whereby an effective phase difference is achieved. It does not have a configuration. With such a configuration, in order to compensate for the phase difference between the reflector? / 4 layer 7, transmissive display is realized without adding a phase difference layer on the rear surface. In addition, if the direction of the slow axis of this transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 is a structure without the effective phase difference of the phase difference layer of a transmission part, the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizing plate of a display surface side, or the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of a back surface, or It may coincide with either of the absorption axes.

The case where image display is actually performed with the liquid crystal display device 51 'shown in Figs. 18A to 18C described above will be described with reference to Figs. 19 and 20. In addition, in order to simplify description, illustration of the board | substrate 2, the counter electrode 8, and each alignment film is abbreviate | omitted in FIG.19 and FIG.20.

First, the case where bright display is performed without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 'will be described with reference to FIG.

In the reflecting portion, ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light, and is converted into linearly polarized light by the liquid crystal layer 10 'to reach the reflective electrode 3. The linearly polarized light in which the direction of travel is reversed to the reflective electrode 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 'again to be circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light passes through the reflector? / 4 layer 7 again to form the polarizing plate 9. It becomes linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of and passes through the polarizing plate 9.                     

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the substrate 2 side (rear surface) becomes linearly polarized light which coincides with the transmission axis by the polarizing plate 5. By the liquid crystal layer 10 'in which this linearly polarized light is twisted by 90 degrees, linearly polarized perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5, that is, linearly polarized parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, The light is passed through the polarizing plate 9 while maintaining the polarization state almost in the transmissive portion? / 4 layer 55.

Next, the case where dark voltage is displayed by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 'will be described with reference to FIG.

In the reflecting portion, the ambient light incident from the display surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. This linearly polarized light enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and becomes circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light reaches the reflective electrode 3 while maintaining the polarization state almost in the liquid crystal layer 10 ', and is reflected. The reflected circularly polarized light is circularly polarized light in which the rotation direction is reversed, passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 again, enters the reflector? / 4 layer 7, and converts the linearly polarized light into orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It is made to absorb by the polarizing plate 9.

In the transmission part, the light irradiated by the backlight from the rear surface becomes linearly polarized light coinciding with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 5. This linearly polarized light reaches the polarizing plate 9 with the liquid crystal layer 10 'and the transmission part λ / 4 layer 55 almost maintaining its polarization state, and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 9.

As described above, the liquid crystal display device 51 'having such a configuration, like the liquid crystal display device 51 of FIG. 12, is provided with the reflection portion? / 4 necessary for dark display of the reflection portion only in the reflection portion, and the slow axis is provided in the transmission portion. By forming the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 which matched the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, the effect similar to 3rd Embodiment can be acquired. Further, by making the liquid crystal alignment of the transmissive part twisted by 90 °, the display in the beneficiation mode is performed in the transmissive part, whereby the display with better contrast can be performed.

In addition, in the above description, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface, and when the voltage is not applied, a phase difference of? / 4 in the reflecting portion and 90 ° in the transmissive portion Although a twisted configuration has become a twisted nematic example, the liquid crystal display of the present invention may be reversed. That is, the liquid crystal layer may be a phase difference of? / 4 at the reflecting portion and twisted nematic 90 degrees at the transmission portion when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display.

By the way, in this embodiment, it is not limited to the case where the phase difference layer consists of one layer of the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55, but consists of two layers as shown in FIG. The structure may be sufficient. In addition, in FIG. 21, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 51 'of FIG. 18, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device 61 'of this application example, the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55 and the reflector? Are provided as the phase difference layer on the liquid crystal layer 10' side of the substrate 6. In addition to having a reflector? / 2 layer 22 and a transmission? / 2 layer 62 that compensate for wavelength dispersion of the / 4 layer 7, the slow axis of the retardation layer is different between the reflector and the transmittance. That is, the reflector [lambda] / 2 layer 22 and the reflector [lambda] / 4 layer 7 combine these to form a wideband [lambda] / 4 layer so that the slow axis of each other is maintained at 60 [deg.] And the slow axis is a polarizing plate ( It is assumed that it is maintained at an angle of 15 ° with respect to the transmission axes of 5 and 9). On the other hand, the transmission part (lambda) / 2 layer 62 and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 do not function as a retardation layer because the slow axis coincides with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, for example.

The retardation layer composed of these two layers can be obtained in the same manner as described in the third embodiment.

In this case, the liquid crystal alignment 10t of the reflecting portion is parallel to the substrate 2 and the substrate 6 in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 ', and the reflecting portion? / 4 layer 7 It is assumed that the angle is 0 ° or 90 ° with respect to the slow axis. However, this is for the adjustment of the residual retardation, and the orientation direction may be any direction as long as the residual retardation is negligible. Further, in this state, the liquid crystal layer 10 'of the reflecting portion is adjusted to have a phase difference of λ / 4 when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10' once in the state where no voltage is applied. The liquid crystal alignments 10t and 10b of the transmission portion are the same as those of the liquid crystal display device 51 'of FIG.

As described above, in the liquid crystal display device 61 ′ having the two-layer structure in which the retardation layer is described above, and whose slow axis is different in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion, the liquid crystal display device which is the basic structure of the present embodiment ( In addition to the effect of 51 '), in particular, in the case where dark display is performed in the reflecting unit, light leakage due to wavelength dispersion over a wide band can be eliminated, and better image display can be realized.

In addition, this embodiment is not limited to the liquid crystal display device of the structure in which the phase difference layer was formed in the board | substrate 6 on the display surface side, and similarly to the liquid crystal display device 71 demonstrated using FIG. 16 in 3rd Embodiment, Of course, the retardation layer is also applied to a liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which the substrate 2 on the backlight side is formed. That is, in the liquid crystal display 71 'shown in FIG. 22, the reflection electrode 3 and the transparent electrode 4 are formed in the back side of the board | substrate 2 side, and the phase difference through the alignment film 54 on it. It has a reflecting part [lambda] / 4 layer 7 and a transmission part [lambda] / 4 layer 55 which are layers. These reflecting portions λ / 4 layer 7 and transmission portion λ / 4 layer 55 are formed in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 12.

In this case, a transparent electrode (not shown) for ensuring the driving of the liquid crystal between the reflecting portion lambda / 4 layer 7 and the transmission portion lambda / 4 layer 55 and the alignment film 53 for driving the liquid crystal. ) May be formed in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 16.

Here, the reflector? / 4 layer 7 functions as a retardation layer, but the transmissive part? / 4 layer 55 functions as a retardation layer whose slow axis coincides with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, for example. I never do that. In the case where the retardation layer is formed on the substrate on the backlight side as in the liquid crystal display device 71 ′ shown in FIG. 22, the reflecting portion λ / 4 layer 7 functions in the reflecting portion to obtain sufficient reflectance. In the transmissive section, transmissive display can be realized without adding a retardation layer for compensating the retardation of the retardation layer on the rear surface to the display surface side. Therefore, similarly to the liquid crystal display device described so far, while realizing good display quality with high contrast in both reflective display and transmissive display, the phase difference layer on the back side becomes unnecessary, and the cell thickness and unnecessary cost reduction of the phase difference layer are achieved.

The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment can also be applied to a full color liquid crystal display device similarly to the liquid crystal display device described with reference to FIG. 17 in the third embodiment.

That is, the liquid crystal display device 81 ′ shown in FIG. 23 uses the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B corresponding to each dot of Red, Green, and Blue on the liquid crystal layer 10 'side of the substrate 6. On the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B, the reflector? / 4 layer 7R and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55R, the reflector? / 4 layer 7G and the transmissive? The / 4 layer 55G, and the reflector? / 4 layer 7B and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55B are formed, respectively, and on the retardation layer, the counter electrode (with the overcoat layer 43 interposed therebetween) 8) is formed.

Then, the reflector? / 4 layer 7R and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55R, the reflector? / 4 layer 7G and the transmissive? / 4 layer 55G, and the reflector? / 4 layer, which are retardation layers, are used. (7B) and the transmissive part (lambda) / 4 layer 55B are made so that the slow axis may differ in a reflecting part and a transmissive part, and the phase difference layer of a transmissive part does not function. Thereby, similarly to the liquid crystal display of the above-mentioned example, the retardation layer on the rear surface for compensating for the retardation of the retardation layer used for the reflective display becomes unnecessary, and the number of use of the retardation layer can be reduced.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display device 81 'of this application example, the reflection part lambda / 4 layer 7R and the transmission part lambda / 4 layer 55R which are phase difference layers are matched with the transmission wavelength of each color filter 42R, 42G, 42B. ), The phase difference of each part by changing the film thickness of the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7G and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer (55G), and the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer (7B) and the transmitting part (lambda) / 4 layer (7B). It is assumed that the layer has a phase difference of λ / 4. Thereby, the influence of the wavelength dispersion of each color can be suppressed, and better image display can be implement | achieved.                     

In addition, in 4th Embodiment, it is not limited to the case where only the liquid crystal layer 10 'of a permeation | transmission part is twisted nematic, The structure in which the liquid crystal layer 10' of a reflecting part also becomes twisted nematic may be sufficient. The case where the liquid crystal layer 10 'of the reflecting portion is also twisted nematic will be described with reference to Figs. 24A to 24C. In addition, in FIG. 24A-24C, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to the liquid crystal display device 61 'of FIGS. 21A-21C, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

The liquid crystal display device 61a of this application example is different from the liquid crystal display device 61 'described with reference to Fig. 21 in the liquid crystal alignment of the reflector, and the rest of the configuration is the same.

That is, in the liquid crystal display device 61a shown in FIG. 24, the liquid crystal orientation of the reflecting portion is set so as to be a twisted orientation in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 '. For this reason, in the liquid crystal display device 61a, the alignment film (not shown) of the surface which faces the liquid crystal layer 10 'between the board | substrate 2 and the board | substrate 6 is predetermined to the board | substrate 2 side and the board | substrate 6 side. It is assumed that the alignment is performed to achieve an angle. This angle is a balance between the size of the cell gap and the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer 10 ', so that light passes through the liquid crystal layer 10' once without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 10 '. Is adjusted so as to have a phase difference of? / 4.

Therefore, for example, as illustrated in FIGS. 25A to 25C, the liquid crystal alignment on the substrate 2 side and the liquid crystal alignment on the substrate 6 side may form an angle of 90 °. In this case, in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion, the alignment films facing the liquid crystal layer 10 'can be arranged in the same direction, so that the trouble of divisional alignment can be reduced.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display device 61a of FIGS. 24A to 24C and 25A to 25C, the liquid crystal molecules are substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 2 and 6 in a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 10 '. It becomes as above-mentioned to become an orientation structure.

Thus, the effective phase difference of the liquid crystal layer of a reflecting part becomes small by making the liquid crystal orientation of a reflecting part into twist nematic. For this reason, the margin for the cell gap is enlarged by widening the cell gap for making the reflecting portion a phase difference of? / 4. As a result, the yield of a liquid crystal display device can be improved.

In addition, in the invention of the fourth embodiment described above, when the transmission axis of the polarizing plate disposed on the front surface or the rear surface and the slow axis of the phase difference layer of the transmission portion are completely perpendicular or parallel, the phase difference layer of the transmission portion does not function at all. It is not limited, and the slow axis of a permeation part may shift a little. For example, the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part may have a phase difference determined in consideration of various characteristics of the liquid crystal layer. In this case, when the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part has sufficiently applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer. It is preferable to provide the permeation | transmission part with the phase difference of the grade which cancels the residual phase difference layer of a liquid crystal layer. As a result, better display of the image can be realized by making the dark display in the transmissive portion darker than in the case where the phase difference layer of the transmissive portion does not function at all.

In addition, in 4th Embodiment, although the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part was mentioned as the structure of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the front surface, the slow axis of the retardation layer of the transmission part is the same as the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the back surface of the present invention. The effect can be obtained.

In addition, by combining each structure demonstrated by 4th Embodiment, the characteristic effect can be acquired by the combined structure.

[Example]

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the specific Example which applied this invention is demonstrated based on an experiment result. In addition, Examples 1 to 5 correspond to the first embodiment, Examples 6 to 8 correspond to the second embodiment, and Examples 9 to 13 correspond to the third embodiment, Examples 14-19 correspond to 4th embodiment.

&Lt; Example 1 >

In Example 1, the full-color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 1 was produced.

First, the back side board | substrate with which the thin film transistor (TFT) for active driving a liquid crystal layer is formed was produced. The manufacturing method of this TFT is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

As the board | substrate 2, boron silicate glass (7059 by Corning Corporation) was used. First, a semiconductor formed by sequentially depositing and patterning a gate electrode 91 made of Mo, MoW, or the like, a gate insulating film 92, and amorphous silicon on the substrate 2, and annealing the amorphous silicon with an excimer laser to form a semiconductor. The thin film 93 was formed. Further, impurity P and B were introduced into regions of both sides of the gate electrode of the semiconductor thin film 93 to form n-channel and p-channel TFTs. Further, a first interlayer insulating film 94 made of SiO ₂ was formed on the substrate 2 so as to cover the TFT.

Next, the first interlayer insulating film 94 corresponding to the source and the drain of the semiconductor thin film 93 was opened by, for example, etching to pattern the signal line 95 into a predetermined shape. Al was used for the signal line 95.

Next, a second interlayer insulating film 96 having a function as a scattering layer that causes scattering reflection and a function as an interlayer insulating film was formed on the upper side of the substrate 2 so as to cover the TFT and the signal line 95. In the region corresponding to the transmissive portion of the second interlayer insulating film 96, the transparent electrode 4 is formed by indium tin oxide (ITO), and the reflective electrode 3 is formed by Ag in the region corresponding to the reflective portion. It was. As a result, the substrate on the backlight side shown in FIG. 26 is obtained.

Moreover, after forming a black matrix using Cr for the opposing board | substrate, the pattern of R, G, B was formed as a color filter on the board | substrate. Next, the alignment film was formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the color filter.

A UV-curable liquid crystal monomer is applied onto the alignment film by spin coating to perform an exposure step and a developing step, so that the reflection part λ / 4 layer is formed as a phase difference layer only in the reflection part, and the phase difference layer is removed from the transmission part. It was. Merck's RMM34 was used as an ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer. Since the polymerization was insufficient due to the presence of oxygen, this ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer material was subjected to the above treatment in an N ₂ atmosphere. In addition, since RMM34 has a refractive index anisotropy Δn of 0.145, it is possible to spin the coating so that the film thickness of the retardation layer is 950 nm, thereby obtaining retardation contained in the plane of about 135 nm to 140 nm. After formation of the retardation layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

This is the usual cell process. That is, the alignment film was further formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

Here, the rubbing direction of the side in which the retardation layer was formed was made into the same direction as the orientation direction of the liquid crystal polymer of the retardation layer. In addition, the rubbing direction of the side in which TFT etc. were formed was made into the direction where a cell structure becomes anti-parallel.

As described above, cells are assembled according to a normal process using a substrate on which a TFT or the like is formed and a substrate on which a phase difference layer or the like is formed, and have the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. A panel of the formed configuration was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with high contrast was achieved.

<Example 2>

In Example 2, the full-color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 21 shown in FIG. 4 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Furthermore, the alignment film was formed in the opposing board | substrate by the process similar to Example 1, printing a polyimide on the color filter, and rubbing.

The ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was apply | coated so that it might become (lambda) / 2 conditions on this alignment film, and it patterned so that a retardation layer might remain only in a reflecting part. As a result, a reflector? / 2 layer was formed as the phase difference layer.

Next, polyimide was printed and the rubbing process was performed so that it might become a 60 degree tilt direction with respect to the rubbing direction previously. Thereafter, an ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was applied so as to be in a λ / 4 condition, and patterned so that the retardation layer remained only in the reflecting portion. As a result, the reflector? / 4 layer was formed as the phase difference layer. After forming the phase difference layer which consists of a reflector (lambda) / 2 layer and a reflector (lambda) / 4 layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

This is the usual cell process. That is, the alignment film was further formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode. Here, the rubbing process was performed so that the orientation direction of a liquid crystal layer might become half of (lambda) / 2 and (lambda) / 4.

As described above, cells are assembled using a substrate having a TFT or the like formed thereon and a substrate having a phase difference layer or the like assembled according to a conventional process, and have the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. A panel of the formed configuration was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with high contrast was achieved.

<Example 3>

In Example 3, the full-color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 31 shown in FIG. 5 was produced.                     

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Furthermore, the alignment film was formed in the opposing board | substrate by the process similar to Example 1, printing polyimide on a color filter, and rubbing.

Next, according to the process similar to Example 2 mentioned above, the phase difference layer which consists of a reflector (lambda) / 2 layer and a reflector (lambda) / 4 layer was formed only in the reflecting part.

Next, polyimide was printed and the rubbing process was performed so that it might become a 90 degree tilt direction from the intermediate direction of two phase difference layers. In addition, the transmission part retardation layer for canceling the residual phase difference when voltage was applied to the liquid crystal was formed only in the transmission part. This transmissive part retardation layer has a phase difference of 30 nm which is the same as the residual retardation when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.

After forming the retardation layer of the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion retardation layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

This is the usual cell process. That is, the alignment film was further formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

Cells are assembled according to a conventional process using the substrate 2 on which the TFT and the like are formed and the substrate 6 on which the phase difference layer and the like are formed, and have the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. And the panel of the structure in which the color filter was formed was obtained. When the panel was lit, black display exceeding the display quality of the panel of Example 1 when transmissive display was obtained, and it was confirmed that image display with higher contrast was realized.

<Example 4>

In Example 4, the panel which became the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display device 41 shown in FIG. 6 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Furthermore, the alignment film was formed in the opposing board | substrate by the process similar to Example 1, printing polyimide on a color filter, and rubbing.

A UV-curable liquid crystal monomer is applied onto the alignment film by spin coating to perform an exposure step and a developing step, so that the reflection part λ / 4 layer is formed as a phase difference layer only in the reflection part, and the phase difference layer is removed from the transmission part. It was.

At this time, the film thickness of each phase difference layer was set according to the phase difference of each pixel. That is, about G, it was set as the film thickness 950nm similarly to Example 1. In addition, about B, (DELTA) n becomes about 0.155 according to the retardation of the color, and the retardation layer was formed so that it might become film thickness 730nm. In addition, about R, (DELTA) n becomes about 0.135 according to the retardation of the color, and the retardation layer was formed so that it might become about 1200 nm of film thickness.

After formation of the retardation layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

This is the usual cell process. In other words, an alignment film was formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

As described above, cells are assembled in accordance with a conventional process using a substrate on which a TFT or the like is formed and a substrate on which a phase difference layer or the like is formed, and have the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. A panel of the formed configuration was obtained. When this panel was turned on, black display exceeding the display quality of the panel of Example 1 was obtained, and it was confirmed that image display with a higher contrast is achieved.

Example 5

In Example 5, the panel of the structure in which the retardation layer was formed only in the reflecting part of the board | substrate of the backlight side in which TFT etc. are formed was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared. Further, a reflector? / 4 layer was formed on the reflective electrode as the retardation layer. Moreover, the ITO electrode was formed by sputtering on this.

In addition, the counter electrode was formed on the opposing substrate by sputtering ITO, and no phase difference layer was formed. Moreover, the alignment film was formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the board | substrate with which TFT, retardation layer, etc. were formed, and the board | substrate with which the counter electrode was formed, and the panel was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with a high contrast equivalent to that of the panel of Example 1 was achieved when transmissive display was performed.

<Example 6>                     

In Example 6, the full color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 1 'shown to FIG. 7A-FIG. 7C was produced.

First, the board | substrate (TFT board | substrate) in which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared. Then, the polyimide is printed on the reflective electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 4 of the TFT substrate, and the mask rubbing is performed, whereby the reflection portion of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other side of the TFT substrate in the reflecting portion. While forming an angle of 45 ° with respect to the direction, the transmissive portion formed an alignment film in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5.

In addition, the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 was formed in the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate) similarly to Example 1, and the counter electrode 8 was further formed. At this time, the formation of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 forms the rubbing direction of the underlying alignment film so that the slow axis forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 formed on the other surface side of the opposing substrate. It set and performed.

After that, polyimide is printed on the counter electrode 8 to perform mask rubbing, whereby the reflecting portion forms an angle of 90 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflecting portion lambda / 4 layer 7, while the polarizing plate is used in the transmitting portion. An alignment film in the rubbing direction parallel to (9) was formed.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the TFT substrate and the opposing board | substrate with which the oriented film was formed in the surface side. At this time, the TFT substrate and the opposing substrate on the TFT substrate side and the alignment film on the opposing plate side are anti-parallel in the reflecting portion, and the TFT substrate and the opposing substrate are bonded so as to have a twist orientation of 90 ° in the transmissive portion, and the liquid crystal having birefringence? N = 0.09 therebetween. The material was injected and sealed to form a liquid crystal layer 10 'having a phase difference of λ / 4 in the reflecting portion. Thereafter, the polarizing plate 5 was bonded to the TFT substrate side by matching the transmission axis direction with respect to the rubbing direction in the transmissive portion of the alignment film formed on the TFT substrate. Moreover, the polarizing plate 9 was adhere | attached on the opposing board | substrate side with the transmission axis direction matched with the rubbing direction in the permeation | transmission part of the orientation film formed in this opposing board | substrate.

As described above, a panel having the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 1 'shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C and having a color filter was obtained. When the panel was turned on, black display at the transmissive portion was more sufficient than that of Example 1, and a display with higher contrast was obtained.

<Example 7>

In Example 7, a full-color panel having the same optical configuration as the liquid crystal display device 21 'shown in Figs. 10A to 10C was produced.

First, the TFT substrate shown in FIG. 26 was prepared by the process similar to Example 6, and the oriented film was formed on this reflecting electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 4. As shown in FIG. However, a rubbing treatment is performed on the alignment film of the reflecting portion so as to form an angle of 75 ° with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate, and rubbing treatment is performed on the reflective film of the transmitting portion in parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate. Was performed.

In addition, the reflecting part (lambda) / 2 layer 22 and the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 are formed in the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate) similarly to Example 2, and the counter electrode 8 is further formed. The alignment film was formed in between. At this time, the formation of the reflector λ / 2 layer 22 forms the rubbing direction of the base alignment film such that the slow axis forms an angle of 15 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 formed on the other surface side of the opposing substrate. It set and performed. In addition, in the formation of the reflector? / 4 layer 7, the slow axis forms an angle of 60 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 2 layer 22, and is 75 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. The rubbing direction of the base alignment film was set to achieve an angle of. Further, the alignment film is formed at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 at the reflection part, and at an angle of 15 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9, while at the transmission part. The rubbing process was performed in the direction parallel to (9).

As described above, cells were assembled in the same manner as in Example 6 using a TFT substrate having an alignment film formed on the surface side and an opposing substrate, and provided with the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 21 'shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C. And the panel of the structure in which the color filter was formed was obtained. When this panel was turned on, black display was more sufficient than Example 6, and a display with high contrast was obtained.

<Example 8>

In Example 8, the full color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 21a shown to FIG. 11A-11C was produced.

First, the TFT substrate shown in FIG. 26 was prepared by the process similar to Example 6, and the oriented film was formed on this reflecting electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 4. As shown in FIG. However, the rubbing process was performed with respect to the orientation film of the reflecting part so that the angle of 52.5 degrees with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 5 formed in the other surface side of this TFT substrate may be formed.                     

In the same manner as in Example 7, the reflecting unit? / 2 layer 22 and the reflector? / 4 layer 7 are formed on the opposing substrate (the opposing substrate), and the alignment film is provided with the opposing electrode 8 interposed therebetween. Further formed. However, with respect to the alignment film of the reflector, a rubbing treatment is performed in a direction of forming an angle of 96. 5 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 and an angle of 7.5 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It was done.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the TFT substrate and the opposing board | substrate with which the oriented film was formed in the surface side. At this time, the alignment film on the TFT substrate side and the alignment film on the opposite plate side form an angle of 45 ° at the reflecting part, an angle of 90 ° at the transmitting part, and a cell gap of 2.7 μm at the reflecting part and 4.8 μm at the transmitting part. The board | substrate and the opposing board | substrate were bonded together, the liquid crystal material of birefringence (DELTA) n = 0.1 was inject | poured, and it sealed between them, and the liquid crystal layer 10 'which has a phase difference of (lambda) / 4 in the reflecting part was formed. Then, the polarizing plate 5 and the polarizing plate 9 were adhere | attached similarly to Example 6. In addition, the residual phase difference at the time of applying a voltage was adjusted in (lambda) / 4 layer.

As described above, a panel having the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 21a shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C and having a color filter was obtained. When this panel was turned on, black display was more sufficient than Example 6, and a display with high contrast was obtained. Further, by widening the cell gap as the twisted alignment of the liquid crystal alignment in the reflecting portion, the margin for the gap was wider as compared with Example 7, and thus, it was possible to produce with high yield.

Example 9                     

In Example 9, the full-color panel in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 51 shown in FIG. 12 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Moreover, after forming a black matrix using Cr for the opposing board | substrate, the pattern of R, G, B was formed as a color filter on the board | substrate. Next, the alignment film was formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the color filter.

In the rubbing process at this time, mask rubbing was performed. Mask rubbing masks either a reflecting portion or a transmissive portion with a resist by photolithography, performs rubbing in a predetermined direction, and then rubs the other region with a resist and rubs in a predetermined direction. Moreover, in the reflecting portion, the rubbing direction was inclined at 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the front polarizing plate, and in the transmitting part, the rubbing direction was set so as to be parallel to the transmission axis of the front polarizing plate.

The ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was apply | coated by this spin coating on this orientation film, and it went through the exposure process, and it was made to form (lambda) / 4 layer as a phase difference layer. Since the liquid crystal polymer is oriented along the rubbing direction of the base alignment film, it functions as a λ / 4 layer in the reflecting portion, but in the transmitting portion, the slow axis becomes parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the front side, so that no effective phase difference occurs. Merck's RMM34 was used as an ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer. Since the polymerization was insufficient due to the presence of oxygen, this ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer material was subjected to the above treatment in an N ₂ atmosphere. In addition, since RMM34 has (DELTA) n 0.145, the retardation contained in about 135 nm-140 nm was obtained in-plane by spin-coating so that the film thickness of retardation layer might be 950 nm. After formation of the retardation layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

This is the usual cell process. That is, the alignment film was further formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

Here, the rubbing direction of the side in which the retardation layer was formed was made into the same direction as the orientation direction of the liquid crystal polymer of the retardation layer. In addition, the rubbing direction of the side in which TFT etc. were formed was made into the direction where a cell structure becomes anti-parallel.

12. By injecting liquid crystal between the substrate on which the TFT and the like are formed and the substrate on which the phase difference layer and the like are formed and sealing, the polarizing plate is adhered to the entire surface such that the slow axis and the transmission axis of the phase difference layer of the transmission portion are parallel to each other. The panel which was equipped with the optical structure similar to the liquid crystal display device shown in the figure, and in which the color filter was formed was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with high contrast was achieved even in either reflective display or transmissive display.

<Example 10>

In Example 10, the full-color panel which became the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display device 61 shown in FIG. 15 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Moreover, after forming a black matrix using Cr for the opposing board | substrate, the pattern of R, G, B was formed as a color filter on the board | substrate. Next, the alignment film was formed by printing polyimide on the color filter and mask rubbing in the same manner as in Example 10.

The ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was apply | coated by this spin coating on this orientation film, and the (lambda) / 2 layer was formed as a phase difference layer by passing through an exposure process. Since the UV curable liquid crystal monomers align along the rubbing direction of the underlying alignment film, they function as a lambda / 2 layer in the reflecting portion, but in the transmitting portion, the slow axis becomes parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the front side, so that no effective phase difference occurs. Do not.

Next, polyimide is printed on the λ / 2 layer, and the rubbing process is performed in the reflecting section so as to be inclined at 60 ° with respect to the rubbing direction, and in the transmissive section, the rubbing direction is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the front side. The orientation film was formed by performing a rubbing process as much as possible.

The ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was apply | coated on this alignment film, and it was made to form (lambda) / 4 layer as a phase difference layer by passing through an exposure process. Since UV-curable liquid crystal monomers align along the rubbing direction of the base alignment film, they function as a λ / 4 layer in the reflecting portion, but in the transmitting portion, the slow axis becomes parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the front side, so that no effective phase difference occurs. Do not.

Next, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO on the λ / 4 layer.                     

Thereafter, it is a normal cell process. That is, the alignment film was further formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode. Here, the rubbing process was performed so that the orientation direction of a liquid crystal layer might become half of (lambda) / 2 and (lambda) / 4.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the board | substrate with which TFT etc. were formed, and the board | substrate with retardation layer etc., and the polarizing plate was adhere | attached on both surfaces of the board | substrate. Here, the polarizing plate of the front surface was arrange | positioned so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the front surface may incline 15 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the reflecting part (lambda) / 2 layer. Moreover, the polarizing plate of the back side was arrange | positioned so that the transmission axis may make an angle of 90 degrees with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the front side. Therefore, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate of the front surface becomes parallel with the slow axis of the transmission part (lambda) / 2 layer.

As described above, a panel having the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 15 and provided with a color filter was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with high contrast was achieved even in either reflective display or transmissive display.

<Example 11>

In Example 11, the panel which became the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display device 71 shown in FIG. 16 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared. Moreover, (lambda) / 4 layer was formed as retardation layer by apply | coating an ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer on this reflective electrode and a transparent electrode. At this time, in order that only the phase difference layer of a reflecting part functions as a (lambda) / 4 layer, the rubbing direction differs in a reflection part and a transmission part by mask rubbing previously, based on the orientation process. Furthermore, polyimide was printed on this retardation layer, and the alignment film was formed.

In addition, the counter electrode was formed on the opposing substrate by sputtering ITO, and no phase difference layer was formed. Moreover, the alignment film was formed by printing and rubbing polyimide on the counter electrode.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the board | substrate with which TFT, retardation layer, etc. were formed, and the board | substrate with which the counter electrode was formed, and the panel was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was confirmed that image display with a high contrast equivalent to that of Example 9 was achieved when transmissive display was performed.

<Example 12>

In Example 12, the liquid crystal display device in which the optical structure was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 81 shown in FIG. 17 was produced.

First, the board | substrate with which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared.

Furthermore, after forming a black matrix using Cr on the front substrate, patterns of R, G, and B were formed on the substrate as color filters. Next, polyimide was printed on the color filter, and the alignment film was formed by mask rubbing in the same manner as in Example 9.

The ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer was apply | coated on this alignment film, and the (lambda) / 4 layer was formed as a phase difference layer by going through an exposure process. At this time, the film thickness of each phase difference layer was set according to the phase difference of each pixel. That is, as for Example 9, G was set to a film thickness of 950 nm. In addition, about B, (DELTA) n becomes about 0.155 according to the retardation of the color, and the retardation layer was formed so that it might become 730 nm. In addition, about R, An became about 0.135 according to the retardation of the color, and the retardation layer was formed so that it might become about 1200 nm of film thickness.

Since UV-curable liquid crystal monomers align along the rubbing direction of the base alignment film, they function as a λ / 4 layer in the reflecting portion, but in the transmitting portion, the slow axis becomes parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the front side, so that no effective phase difference occurs. Do not.

After formation of the retardation layer, the counter electrode was formed by sputtering ITO.

The cell was assembled according to a normal process using the board | substrate with which TFT etc. were formed and the board | substrate with retardation layer etc. as mentioned above, and the panel which has the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 17 was obtained. When the panel was turned on, black display exceeding the display quality of the panel of Example 9 was obtained, and it was confirmed that image display with higher contrast was realized.

Example 13

In Example 13, the full-color panel was produced like Example 10 except having employ | adopted photo-alignment process in order to orientation-dividing a phase difference layer. Moreover, the thing made by Vantico Corporation was used as an orientation film.

When the panel was turned on, as in Example 10, it was confirmed that image display with high contrast was realized in either of the reflective display and the transparent display.

<Example 14>                     

In Example 14, a full color panel in which the optical configuration was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 51 'shown in Figs. 18A to 18C was produced.

First, the board | substrate (TFT board | substrate) in which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared. In forming the TFT substrate, however, an interlayer film 52 having a film thickness corresponding to the difference between the cell gaps of the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion is formed in the lower layer of the reflecting electrode 3.

Thereafter, polyimide is printed on the reflective electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 4 of the TFT substrate, and the mask rubbing is performed, whereby the reflection portion of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate is formed. While forming an angle of 45 ° with respect to the direction, the transmissive portion formed an alignment film 53 in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5.

In addition, the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7 and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 are formed in the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate) similarly to Example 9, and the counter electrode 8 is further provided. Formed. At this time, the slow axis of the reflecting part [lambda] / 4 layer 7 forms 45 degrees with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 formed on this opposing substrate, while the slow axis of the transmitting part [lambda] / 4 layer 55 is the polarizing plate ( Parallel to the transmission axis of 9).

After that, polyimide is printed on the counter electrode 8 and mask rubbing is performed to form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 in the reflection part, while in the transmissive part. An alignment film 56 in the rubbing direction was formed parallel to the slow axis of the transmission portion? / 4 layer 55.

As mentioned above, the cell was assembled according to a normal process using the TFT substrate and the opposing board | substrate with which the oriented film was formed in the surface side. At this time, the alignment film 53 on the TFT substrate side and the alignment film 56 on the opposing plate side are reversed in parallel in the reflecting portion, with an angle of 90 ° in the transmissive portion, and a cell gap of 1.4 μm in the reflecting portion and 4.0 in the transmissive portion. The TFT substrate and the opposing substrate were bonded so as to have a thickness, and a liquid crystal material having a birefringence Δn = 0.12 was injected and sealed therebetween to form a liquid crystal layer 10 'having a phase difference of λ / 4 in the reflecting portion. Subsequently, the polarizing plate 5 was bonded to the TFT substrate side by matching the transmission axis direction with respect to the rubbing direction in the transmission portion of the alignment film 53. Moreover, the polarizing plate 9 was adhere | attached on the opposing board | substrate side with the transmission axis direction matched with the rubbing direction in the permeation | transmission part of the orientation film 56. As shown in FIG. In addition, the residual phase difference at the time of applying a voltage was adjusted in (lambda) / 4 layer.

As described above, a panel having the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 51 'shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C and having a color filter was obtained. When the panel was turned on, the reflective display at the reflecting portion and the transparent display at the transmissive portion were able to realize high contrast display. In particular, the display having a higher contrast and wider viewing angle was able to be performed for the transmissive display than in Example 9 (see FIG. 12).

In Example 14, the TFT substrate and the opposing substrate were bonded so that the cell gap when assembling the cells was 1.8 m in the reflecting portion and 4.8 m in the transmitting portion, and a liquid crystal material having a birefringence? N = 0.01 was injected therebetween. By sealing, a panel in which a liquid crystal layer 10 'having a phase difference of λ / 4 was formed in the reflecting portion was also produced. Similar effects were obtained. Moreover, also in this panel, the residual phase difference at the time of applying a voltage was adjusted in (lambda) / 4 layer.                     

<Example 15>

In Example 15, the full-color panel which became the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display device 61 'shown in FIG. 21 was produced.

First, a substrate (TFT substrate) having a TFT or the like and an interlayer film 52 as shown in FIG. 26 was prepared by the same process as in Example 14, and the reflective electrode 3 and the transmission electrode of this TFT substrate were prepared. The alignment film 53 was formed on (4). However, the alignment film 53 is formed in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5 in the transmissive part while forming 15 ° with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate in the reflecting part. .

In addition, the reflecting part (lambda) / 2 layer 22, the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer (7), the transmission part (lambda) / 2 layer 62, and the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate) are performed by the process similar to Example 10. The transmissive part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 was formed, and the alignment film 56 was formed with the counter electrode 8 interposed therebetween. At this time, the formation of the reflector? / 2 layer 22 forms the rubbing direction of the underlying alignment film so that the slow axis forms an angle of 75 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9 formed on the other surface side of the opposing substrate. It set and performed. In addition, the formation of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 has a slow axis at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 2 layer 22, and 15 ° with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. The rubbing direction of the base alignment film was set to achieve an angle of. On the other hand, formation of the transmissive part (lambda) / 2 layer 62 and the transmissive part (lambda) / 4 layer 55 is performed by setting the rubbing direction of the base alignment film so that each slow axis may be in parallel with the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. It was. Further, the alignment film 56 is formed at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 at the reflecting portion, and 75 degrees with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9, while the transmissive portion is formed. In the rubbing process, the rubbing process was performed in the direction parallel to the polarizing plate 9.

As described above, cells were assembled in the same manner as in Example 14 using a TFT substrate on which the alignment films 53 and 56 were formed on the surface side and an opposing substrate, and the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 61 'shown in FIG. It provided and also the panel of the structure in which the color filter was formed. When the panel was turned on, the reflective display at the reflecting portion and the transparent display at the transmissive portion were able to realize high contrast display. In particular, with respect to the reflective display, the display with higher contrast can be performed than in the fourteenth embodiment, and in the transmissive display, the optical viewing angle is high with high contrast as in the fourteenth embodiment.

<Example 16>

In Example 16, the full-color panel which became the same optical structure as the liquid crystal display device 71 'shown in FIG. 22 was produced. This panel has the same optical configuration as the panel of the fourteenth embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 18A to 18C, and differs from the fourteenth embodiment in that the retardation layer is formed on the TFT substrate side.

First, a substrate (TFT substrate) having a TFT or the like and an interlayer film 52 as shown in FIG. 26 is prepared by the same process as in Example 11, and is reflected on the reflective electrode 3 of this TFT substrate. While forming the sub λ / 4 layer 7, the transmissive part λ / 4 layer 55 was formed on the transmissive electrode 4, and an alignment film 53 was further formed. However, the alignment film 53 forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate in the reflecting portion, while in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5 in the transmitting portion. Formed.

In addition, after forming the interlayer film 52 of the film thickness corresponding to the difference of the cell gap of a reflecting part and a permeation part by the process similar to Example 11 in the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate), it opposes The electrode 8 was formed, and the alignment film 56 was further formed. However, in the reflecting portion, the alignment film 56 forms an angle of 45 ° with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 9 formed on the other surface side of the corresponding substrate, and forms an inverse parallel to the alignment film 53 on the TFT substrate side. On the other hand, in the transmission part, the alignment film of the rubbing direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 9 formed in the other surface side of this opposing board | substrate was formed.

As described above, cells were assembled in the same manner as in Example 14 using a TFT substrate on which the alignment films 53 and 56 were formed on the surface side and an opposing substrate, and had the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display 71 'shown in FIG. And the panel of the structure in which the color filter was formed was obtained. When the panel was turned on, the reflective display at the reflecting portion and the transparent display at the transmissive portion can realize display with high contrast similarly to the fourteenth embodiment.

<Example 17>

In Example 17, a full-color panel in which the optical configuration was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 81 'shown in FIG. 23 was produced.

First, the board | substrate (TFT board | substrate) in which TFT etc. as shown in FIG. 26 were formed by the process similar to Example 1 was prepared. However, in forming the TFT substrate shown in FIG. 26, an interlayer film 52 having a film thickness corresponding to the difference between the cell gaps of the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion is formed under the reflective electrode 3.                     

Thereafter, polyimide is printed on the reflective electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 4 of the TFT substrate, and the mask rubbing is performed, whereby the reflection portion of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate is formed. While forming an angle of 45 ° with respect to the direction, the transmissive portion formed an alignment film 53 in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5.

Furthermore, color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B of R, G, and B are formed on the opposing substrate (opposing substrate) by the same process as in the twelfth embodiment (see Fig. 17), and each liter of color is used. Reflecting lambda / 4 layers (7R, 7G, 7B) and transmissive lambda / 4 layers (55R, 55G, 55B) of each film thickness matched to the date is formed, and the overcoat layer 43 and the counter electrode 8 are formed. The alignment film 56 was formed in between. At this time, the slow axis of the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7R, 7G, 7B forms the angle of 45 degrees with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 9 formed in the other surface side of this opposing board | substrate, and the transmission part (lambda) The slow axis of the / 4 layer 55R, 55G, 55B was made parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 9. Further, the alignment film 56 forms an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the reflecting portions λ / 4 layers 7R, 7G, and 7B in the reflecting portion, while the transmitting portions λ / 4 layers 55R, 55G, 55B in the transmitting portion. Was formed in the rubbing direction parallel to the slow axis of. In addition, about an optical axis and a rubbing direction, the panel and optical structure of Example 14 demonstrated using FIG. 18 are the same, and the thickness of retardation layer is set, respectively.

As described above, cells were assembled in the same manner as in Example 14 using a TFT substrate having the alignment films 53 and 56 formed on the surface side and an opposing substrate, and had the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 81 'shown in FIG. And the panel of the structure in which the color filter was formed was obtained. When the panel was turned on, it was possible to realize reflection display at the reflecting portion, transmission display attempt at the transmitting portion, and display with more sufficient black display than Example 14.

&Lt; Example 18 >

In Example 18, the full-color panel was produced like Example 15 except having employ | adopted photo-alignment process in order to orientation-align the phase difference layers of a reflecting part and a transmission part. At the time of photo-alignment processing, the polarizing part was separately polarized in the transmission part and the reflection part by mask exposure, and the reflection part (lambda) / 4 layer and the transmission part (lambda) / 4 layer were orientated in the same direction as Example 18. FIG.

By using this panel, it was confirmed that similarly to the fifteenth embodiment, image display with high contrast was realized in either of the reflective display and the transparent display.

&Lt; Example 19 >

In Example 19, a full-color panel in which the optical configuration was the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 61a shown in Figs. 24A to 24C was produced.

First, a substrate (TFT substrate) having a TFT or the like and an interlayer film 52 as shown in FIG. 26 was prepared by the same process as in Example 14, and the reflective electrode 3 and the transmission electrode of this TFT substrate were prepared. The alignment film 53 was formed on (4). However, the alignment film 53 forms an angle of 37.5 ° with respect to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 5 formed on the other surface side of the TFT substrate in the reflecting portion, while in the rubbing direction parallel to the polarizing plate 5 in the transmitting portion. Formed.                     

In addition, the reflecting part (lambda) / 2 layer 22, the reflecting part (lambda) / 4 layer 7, and the transmission part (lambda) / 2 by the process similar to Example 15 (refer FIG. 21C) to the opposing board | substrate (opposing board | substrate). The layer 62 and the transmissive portion λ / 4 layer 55 were formed, and the alignment film 56 was formed via the counter electrode 8.

However, the alignment film 56 is formed at an angle of 22.5 degrees with respect to the slow axis of the reflector? / 4 layer 7 in the reflecting portion, while rubbing treatment is performed in a direction parallel to the polarizing plate 9 in the transmitting portion. It was.

As described above, cells were assembled in the same manner as in Example 14 using a TFT substrate and an opposing substrate on which the alignment films 53 and 56 were formed on the surface side. At this time, the rubbing direction of the alignment layers 53 and 56 forms an angle of 45 degrees at the reflecting portion, an angle of 90 degrees at the transmitting portion, and the cell gap is opposed to the TFT substrate so that the cell gap is 2.7 μm at the reflecting portion and 4.8 μm at the transmitting portion. The board | substrate was bonded together, the liquid crystal material of birefringence (DELTA) n = 0.10 was injected between them, and it sealed. Subsequently, the polarizing plate 5 was bonded to the TFT substrate side by matching the transmission axis direction with respect to the rubbing direction in the transmission portion of the alignment film 53. Moreover, the polarizing plate 9 was adhere | attached on the opposing board | substrate side with the transmission axis direction matched with the rubbing direction in the permeation | transmission part of the orientation film 56. As shown in FIG.

As described above, a panel having the same optical configuration as that of the liquid crystal display device 61a shown in FIGS. 24A to 24C and having a color filter was obtained. When the panel was turned on, the display with high contrast, similarly to the fifteenth embodiment, was realized in the reflection display in the reflecting portion and the transmission display in the transmissive portion. In addition, since the liquid crystal alignment in the reflector widened the cell gap as a twist nematic, the margin for the gap was wider as compared with Example 15, whereby it was possible to produce with high yield.

In Example 19, when assembling the cells, the alignment film 53 on the TFT substrate side and the alignment film 56 on the opposing plate side had an angle of 90 ° for both the reflecting portion and the transmissive portion, and the cell gap was 3.3 탆 in the reflecting portion. The TFT substrate and the counter substrate are bonded to each other so as to have a thickness of 4.8 μm in the transmissive portion, and a liquid crystal material having a birefringence Δn = 0.10 is injected therebetween to seal the same, so that the optical structure is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device 61a shown in FIG. 25. Full color panels were also produced, but the same effect was obtained.

As can be seen from the above description, in the liquid crystal display device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention, the phase difference layer required for the image display of the reflection part functions in the transmission part by varying the phase difference of the phase difference layer formed on one substrate in the reflection part and the transmission part. It is not supposed to. For this reason, the retardation layer functions as a retardation layer to obtain a sufficient reflectance, and the transmissive display can be realized without adding a new retardation layer for compensating the retardation of the retardation layer in the transmissive portion. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device capable of realizing a thinner cell and a lower cost by using fewer retardation layers.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display device and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention, the slow axis of the retardation layer formed on one substrate is different between the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion, so that the retardation layer necessary for image display of the reflecting portion does not function in the transmitting portion. For this reason, the retardation layer functions as a retardation layer to obtain sufficient reflectance, and the transmissive display can be realized in the transmissive section without adding a new retardation layer for compensating for the retardation of the retardation layer. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device capable of realizing a thinner cell and a lower cost by using fewer retardation layers.

Moreover, by adjusting the orientation direction inside a cell, it can be set as the conventional beneficiation mode in a transmission part and ECB mode in a reflection part. As a result, a high contrast like a normal twist nematic can be achieved in a transmission mode.

Claims (45)

A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a reflection portion and a transmission portion are formed. A retardation film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of at least one substrate, and the retardation layer has a phase difference of? / 4 in the reflecting portion and substantially no phase difference in the transmitting portion, so that the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion With the phase difference at In either state of voltage application or no application, the reflection part has a phase difference of λ / 4 and the transmission part has a phase difference of λ / 2 or a 90 ° twisted nematic state that is twisted by 90 °. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion. The method of claim 1, The thickness of the liquid crystal layer differs between the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion by forming the pattern of the phase difference layer. The method of claim 1, The retardation layer is formed only in the reflecting portion. The method of claim 1, And the retardation layer of the reflector is composed of two layers of a λ / 4 layer and a retardation layer for compensating for chromatic dispersion in the λ / 4 layer. delete The method of claim 4, wherein And the retardation layer compensating for the wavelength dispersion is a λ / 2 layer. delete delete The method of claim 1, The liquid crystal layer is a twist nematic in the reflecting portion in either of a state of voltage application or no application. The method of claim 1, And the liquid crystal layer of the reflecting portion displays in an electrically controlled birefringence mode, and the liquid crystal layer of the transmissive portion displays in a beneficiation mode. The method of claim 1, The retardation layer is made of a liquid crystal polymer. The method of claim 11, The said liquid crystal polymer is a liquid crystal display device which hardens the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer which shows a nematic phase. The method of claim 1, At least one of the said board | substrates is equipped with the color filter, The phase difference of the said retardation layer is determined according to the wavelength of each color filter, The liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 13, The retardation layer has a phase difference of λ / 4 according to the wavelength of each color filter. The method of claim 1, The phase difference layer of the said transmission part has a phase difference which cancels the residual phase difference at the time of fully applying a voltage to the said liquid crystal layer, The liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned. As a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a reflecting portion and a transmitting portion are formed. By forming a retardation layer on the liquid crystal layer side of at least one substrate, patterning the retardation layer to leave the retardation layer at least in the reflecting portion, thereby forming a λ / 4 layer in the reflecting portion, and in the transmissive portion substantially without phase difference. Differentiating the phase difference between the retardation layer in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion, In either of the applied or unapplied state, the reflecting portion has a phase difference of λ / 4, and the transmitting portion has a phase difference of λ / 2 or 90 ° twisted nematic so that the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion are Making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer different Method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a. The method of claim 16, And leaving the retardation layer only on the reflecting portion. The method of claim 16, An alignment film is formed on the substrate, and the retardation layer is formed on the alignment film. The method of claim 18, The retardation layer is made of a liquid crystal polymer. The method of claim 19, The said liquid crystal polymer hardens the ultraviolet curable liquid crystal monomer which shows a nematic phase, The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 16, The retardation layer is patterned through an exposure process and a developing process. The method of claim 16, A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein an alignment film having a different orientation direction between the reflection portion and the transmission portion is formed on the surface of the pair of substrates facing at least one of the liquid crystal layers by mask rubbing. The method of claim 16, On the surface facing the liquid crystal layer in at least one of the pair of substrates, an alignment film having different alignment directions in the reflecting portion and the transmitting portion is formed by a photoalignment process of the liquid crystal display device. Manufacturing method. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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