KR100980026B1 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display Download PDF

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KR100980026B1
KR100980026B1 KR1020030078052A KR20030078052A KR100980026B1 KR 100980026 B1 KR100980026 B1 KR 100980026B1 KR 1020030078052 A KR1020030078052 A KR 1020030078052A KR 20030078052 A KR20030078052 A KR 20030078052A KR 100980026 B1 KR100980026 B1 KR 100980026B1
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alignment film
liquid crystal
alignment
crystal display
bone
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KR20050043224A (en
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반병섭
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삼성전자주식회사
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133738—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homogeneous alignment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/22—Antistatic materials or arrangements

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  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은, 배향막이 형성된 상하부 기판을 포함하는 액정표시장치에 있어서, 상기 배향막은 피리디늄 설페이트(pyridinium sulfate)계 화합물을 주성분으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 이에 의해, 러빙공정 없이 배향막골을 형성할 수 있어 공정이 단순화 되고 러빙공정에 의한 배향막골 형성의 불균일성과 배향막 하부에 있는 스위칭 소자 파괴 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있다.The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including an upper and lower substrate on which an alignment film is formed, wherein the alignment film includes a pyridinium sulfate compound as a main component. As a result, the alignment film bone can be formed without the rubbing process, which simplifies the process, and solves problems such as nonuniformity in forming the alignment film bone by the rubbing process and destruction of the switching element under the alignment film.

Description

액정표시장치{LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY}Liquid Crystal Display {LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY}

도 1은 러빙공정을 나타낸 개략도,1 is a schematic view showing a rubbing process,

도 2는 러빙공정을 통해 형성된 배향막 표면의 미세구조를 나타낸 그림,2 is a view showing the microstructure of the surface of the alignment film formed through the rubbing process,

도 3은 본 발명에 따라 형성된 배향막의 미세구조(AFM)를 나타내는 그림,3 is a view showing the microstructure (AFM) of the alignment film formed according to the present invention,

도 4는 본 발명에 따라 형성된 배향막의 미세구조(SEM)를 나타내는 그림이다.4 is a view showing the microstructure (SEM) of the alignment film formed in accordance with the present invention.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10 : 배향막골 20 : 배향막 10: alignment film bone 20: alignment film

본 발명은 러빙공정을 거치지 않고, 도포하는 방향으로 배향막골(groove)이 형성되는 배향재를 포함하는 액정표시장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including an alignment material in which an alignment film groove is formed in a coating direction without undergoing a rubbing process.

액정표시장치에서 액정은 기판 면에 배열되어 있고 전압이 인가되면 액정의 배열이 변화하게 된다. 액정표시장치의 백라이트 유닛에서 나오는 빛은 액정분자의 배열에 따라 진행하게 된다. 결국 빛은 액정의 배열에 따라 통과여부가 결정된다. 이렇게 액정을 통과한 빛은 최종적으로 화면에 나타나게 된다. In a liquid crystal display, the liquid crystals are arranged on the substrate surface and the arrangement of the liquid crystals changes when a voltage is applied. Light emitted from the backlight unit of the liquid crystal display proceeds according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules. Eventually, light passes through the liquid crystal array. The light passing through the liquid crystal finally appears on the screen.                         

그런데 액정은 고체와 액체의 중간 성질을 갖는 재료이므로 일정한 방향을 배열을 갖지 않고 있다. 따라서 액정을 제어할 수 있도록 액정이 일정한 배열을 갖도록 해줄 필요가 있으며 이를 위해서 표면처리된 배향막을 사용한다. 배향막은 기판과 액정의 접촉면에 위치한다. 액정표시장치의 성능은 액정의 배향상태에 의해 큰 영향을 받게 되므로, 액정을 배향하는 배향막의 특성은 곧 표시특성과 연관된다. By the way, the liquid crystal is a material having an intermediate property between the solid and the liquid, and thus does not have an array in a certain direction. Therefore, it is necessary to make the liquid crystal have a constant arrangement so that the liquid crystal can be controlled, and for this purpose, a surface-treated alignment layer is used. The alignment film is located at the contact surface of the substrate and the liquid crystal. Since the performance of the liquid crystal display device is greatly influenced by the alignment state of the liquid crystal, the characteristics of the alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal are directly related to the display characteristics.

배향막을 표면처리하는 것은 배향막골을 형성하려는 것이다. 배향 처리된 면과 액정이 접촉하면 액정분자들은 가장 안정한 방향으로 배열하게 되는데, 그 방향은 배향막골이 형성된 방향이다. Surface treatment of the alignment film is intended to form the alignment film bone. When the alignment-treated surface and the liquid crystal contact, liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the most stable direction, which is the direction in which the alignment film bone is formed.

배향막으로는 주로 폴리이미드계의 고분자를 사용하는데, 폴리이미드계의 배향막 표면에 배향막골을 형성하기 위해서는 러빙공정을 거쳐야 한다. A polyimide-based polymer is mainly used as the alignment layer, but in order to form the alignment layer bone on the surface of the alignment layer of the polyimide system, a rubbing process must be performed.

도 1은 러빙공정을 나타낸 개략도이다. 러빙은 고분자 물질인 배향막(120) 표면을 러빙천(160) 등으로 역학적으로 문질러주는 것을 의미한다. 이 과정을 거친 후, 배향막(120) 표면에는 문질러진 방향으로 배향막골이 형성된다.1 is a schematic view showing a rubbing process. Rubbing means rubbing the surface of the alignment layer 120 made of a polymer material with a rubbing cloth 160 or the like. After this process, the alignment film bone is formed in the rubbed direction on the surface of the alignment film 120.

도 1과 같이 러빙공정에서는 스테이지(150) 상에 스위칭소자층(130)과 배향막(120)이 형성된 기판(140)이 마련된다. 가느다란 털이 있는 러빙천(160)이 원통(170)에 감겨 있고, 그 원통(170)은 일정한 속도로 회전하면서 배향막(120) 표면을 따라 진행한다. 원통(170)과 배향막(120) 표면 사이에는 미소한 간격이 유지된다. 이 간격은 러빙 천(160)의 털이 배향막(120)을 배향시킬 수 있는 정도로 유지되어야 한다. In the rubbing process as shown in FIG. 1, the substrate 140 on which the switching device layer 130 and the alignment layer 120 are formed is provided on the stage 150. A thin haired rubbing cloth 160 is wound around the cylinder 170, and the cylinder 170 rotates at a constant speed and progresses along the surface of the alignment layer 120. A minute gap is maintained between the cylinder 170 and the surface of the alignment layer 120. This spacing should be maintained to such an extent that the hair of the rubbing cloth 160 can orient the alignment layer 120.                         

도 2는 러빙공정을 통해 형성된 배향막의 미세구조를 나타낸 도면이다. 러빙공정을 통해 배향막(120) 표면에 배향막골이 형성되는데 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 러빙이 균일하지 않아 작은 배향막골(110a)과 큰 배향막골(110b)이 발생한다. 이와 같이 배향막골의 크기가 균일하지 않으면 액정분자의 정렬이 일정하지 않게 된다. 따라서 이 영역에서 국소적으로 다른 광학특성을 나타내는 균일성 불량을 일으킨다. 2 is a view showing the microstructure of the alignment layer formed through the rubbing process. An alignment film bone is formed on the surface of the alignment film 120 through a rubbing process. As shown in FIG. 2, rubbing is not uniform, resulting in a small alignment film bone 110a and a large alignment film bone 110b. In this way, if the size of the alignment film bone is not uniform, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is not constant. This results in poor uniformity, which locally shows different optical properties.

정상적인 액정구동이 가능하게 하고 균일한 디스플레이 특성을 나타내기 위해서는 기판 전체에 균일하게 배향막골이 형성되어야 한다. 그러나 러빙공정에서는 러빙에 관계된 여러 공정 변수들을 미세하게 조절하기가 어려워 배향도의 미세 조절에 어려움이 있으며, 러빙 시 정전기가 발생하고 러빙의 물리적 강도로 인해 스위칭소자층(130)의 소자를 파괴시키기도 한다. 또한 먼지의 흡착 및 스크래치(scratch)의 형성을 유발시키고 공정시간이 길어지는 등의 문제가 있다.In order to enable normal liquid crystal driving and exhibit uniform display characteristics, alignment film bones should be uniformly formed over the entire substrate. However, in the rubbing process, it is difficult to finely control various process variables related to rubbing, which makes it difficult to finely control the orientation. In addition, static electricity is generated when rubbing, and the physical strength of rubbing also destroys the device of the switching element layer 130. . In addition, there is a problem such as causing the adsorption of dust and the formation of scratches and a long process time.

따라서 본 발명의 목적은, 배향막 표면에 물리적으로 접촉하는 러빙공정을 필요로 하지 않는 배향재를 사용하는 액정표시장치를 제공하는 것이다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device using an alignment material that does not require a rubbing step to be in physical contact with the surface of the alignment film.

상기 목적은, 본 발명에 따라, 배향막이 형성된 상하부 기판을 포함하는 액정표시장치에 있어서, 상기 배향막은 피리디늄 설페이트(pyridinium sulfate)계 화합물을 주성분으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시장치에 의해서 달성된다.The above object is achieved according to the present invention in a liquid crystal display device comprising an upper and lower substrate on which an alignment film is formed, wherein the alignment film comprises a pyridinium sulfate-based compound as a main component. do.

여기서 상기 피리디늄 설페이트계 화합물 중의 피리디늄기의 화학식은 화학 식 (Ⅰ)과 화학식 (Ⅱ)로 이루어지는 그룹 중에 선택되는 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 한다.
Wherein the chemical formula of the pyridinium group in the pyridinium sulfate-based compound is any one selected from the group consisting of chemical formulas (I) and (II).

(Ⅰ)(Ⅰ)

Figure 112003041787396-pat00001

Figure 112003041787396-pat00001

(Ⅱ)(Ⅱ)

Figure 112003041787396-pat00002

Figure 112003041787396-pat00002

여기서, R1과 R2는 각각 -COOH, -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, 아미드 중 어느 하나이고, R3과 R4는 각각 알킬, -CX3, COOH, -COSH,-CSOH, COPh 중 선택된 하나이고, 여기서 X는 할로겐 계열인 것 중에 하나이다.Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each one of -COOH, -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, or amide, and R 3 and R 4 are each alkyl, -CX 3 , COOH, -COSH , -CSOH, COPh is selected from, wherein X is one of the halogen series.

본 발명의 배향재는 피리디움 설페이트계 화합물을 주성분으로 하며 피리디움기의 화학구조는 상기 화학식(Ⅰ) 또는 화학식(Ⅱ)일 수 있다. 본 발명의 배향재로는 피리디움 설페이트계 화합물외에 다른 첨가물질이 포함될 수 있다. 첨가물질의 종류와 양은 도포의 두께, 배향막골의 크기, 배향막골 형성시간등을 고려하여 결정된다.The alignment material of the present invention contains a pyridium sulfate-based compound as a main component, and the chemical structure of the pyridium group may be Formula (I) or Formula (II). The alignment agent of the present invention may include other additives in addition to the pyridium sulfate-based compound. The type and amount of the additive material are determined in consideration of the thickness of the coating, the size of the alignment film bone, and the formation time of the alignment film bone.

본 발명의 배향재를 사용하면 러빙공정 없이 기판위에 도포하는 것만으로 도포방향으로 배향막골이 형성된다.When the alignment material of the present invention is used, the alignment film bone is formed in the coating direction only by applying it onto the substrate without a rubbing process.

본 발명의 배향재를 도포할 때는 기판온도, 배향막 두께 등의 조건과 첨가물질을 성질을 고려하여 도포방법, 도포시간 등을 결정하는 것이 바람직하다. When applying the alignment material of the present invention, it is preferable to determine the coating method, the coating time and the like in consideration of the properties of the conditions such as the substrate temperature, the thickness of the alignment film and the additive material.

이하에서는, 첨부도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 3은 본 발명에 따라 형성된 배향막을 AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy)을 이용하여 나타낸 그림이다. 배향막(20)상에 배향막골(10)이 형성되어 있다. 배향막골(10)의 형상이 균일한 것을 확인할 수 있다.3 is a view showing an alignment film formed according to the present invention using AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). The alignment film bone 10 is formed on the alignment film 20. It can be seen that the shape of the alignment film bone 10 is uniform.

도 4는 본 발명에 따라 형성된 배향막을 SEM(scanning electron microscope)을 이용하여 나타낸 그림이다. 도 3보다 더 넓은 범위에서 배향막(20)과 배향막골(10)을 관찰할 수 있는데 도 4에서도 배향막골이 균일하게 형성되어 있음 을 확인할 수 있다. 4 is a view showing an alignment film formed according to the present invention using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The alignment film 20 and the alignment film bone 10 can be observed in a wider range than FIG. 3, but it can be seen that the alignment film bone is uniformly formed in FIG. 4.

배향막과 액정은 선경사각(pretilt angle)을 갖는데 이는 배향막의 화학적 구조와 관련되어 있다. 또한 액정분자가 배향막의 표면에서 받는 배향규제력(anchoring force)의 정도는 배향의 안정성과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 본 발명의 피리디움 설페이트계 화합물을 배향재의 주성분으로 사용하면 배향막은 선경사각이 0도에 가깝게 형성되고, 배향규제력 또한 크게 된다. 그 이유는 기계적인 마찰을 이용한 러빙공정을 거치지 않기 때문으로 추정된다.The alignment film and the liquid crystal have a pretilt angle, which is related to the chemical structure of the alignment film. In addition, the degree of the anchoring force that the liquid crystal molecules receive on the surface of the alignment layer is closely related to the stability of the alignment. When the pyridium sulfate-based compound of the present invention is used as a main component of the alignment material, the alignment film is formed to have a pretilt angle close to 0 degrees, and the orientation control force is also large. The reason for this is presumably because it does not go through the rubbing process using mechanical friction.

위의 실시예에서는 한 쪽 방향으로 도포하고 배향막골도 한 쪽 방향으로만 형성되었지만, 도포과정에서 도포방향을 조절하여 배향의 방향을 분할하는 것도 가능하다. 러빙공정을 거치지 않음으로써 갖는 본 발명의 이점은 배향을 분할하는 방법에 있어서도 적용된다.
In the above embodiment is applied in one direction and the alignment film bone is also formed in only one direction, it is also possible to divide the direction of orientation by adjusting the application direction in the application process. The advantage of the present invention by not undergoing the rubbing process is also applied to the method of dividing the orientation.

이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따르면, 러빙공정 없이 배향막골을 형성할 수 있어 공정이 단순화 되고 러빙에 의한 배향막골 불균일성과 배향막 하부에 있는 스위칭 소자 파괴 등의 불량을 개선할 수 있다. 또한 정전기 및 먼지 발생 등 러빙과 관계된 여러 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 동시에 다분할 배향을 용이하게 할 수 있다. As described above, according to the present invention, the alignment film bone can be formed without a rubbing process, and the process can be simplified, and defects such as alignment film bone nonuniformity due to rubbing and destruction of the switching element under the alignment film can be improved. In addition, it is possible to solve various problems related to rubbing, such as static electricity and dust generation, and at the same time facilitate a multi-orientation.

Claims (2)

배향막이 형성된 상하부 기판을 포함하는 액정표시장치에 있어서,In the liquid crystal display device comprising an upper and lower substrate with an alignment film formed, 상기 배향막은 피리디늄 설페이트(pyridinium sulfate)계 화합물을 포함하고,The alignment layer includes a pyridinium sulfate-based compound, 상기 피리디늄 설페이트계 화합물 중에 피리디늄기의 화학식은 다음의 화학식 (Ⅰ)인 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시장치.The chemical formula of the pyridinium group in the pyridinium sulfate-based compound is the following formula (I). (Ⅰ)(Ⅰ)
Figure 112010038000231-pat00009
Figure 112010038000231-pat00009
 여기서, R1과 R2는 각각 -COOH, -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, 아미드 중 어느 하나이고, R3과 R4는 각각 알킬, -CX3, COOH, -COSH,-CSOH, COPh 중 선택된 하나이고, 여기서 X는 할로겐 계열인 것 중에 하나이다.Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each one of -COOH, -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, or amide, and R 3 and R 4 are each alkyl, -CX 3 , COOH, -COSH , -CSOH, COPh is selected from, wherein X is one of the halogen series. 배향막이 형성된 상하부 기판을 포함하는 액정표시장치에 있어서,In the liquid crystal display device comprising an upper and lower substrate with an alignment film formed, 상기 배향막은 피리디늄 설페이트(pyridinium sulfate)계 화합물을 포함하고,The alignment layer includes a pyridinium sulfate-based compound, 상기 피리디늄 설페이트계 화합물 중에 피리디늄기의 화학식은 다음의 화학식(Ⅱ)인 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시장치.The chemical formula of the pyridinium group in the pyridinium sulfate-based compound is the following formula (II). (Ⅱ)(Ⅱ)
Figure 112010038000231-pat00010
Figure 112010038000231-pat00010
 여기서, R1과 R2는 각각 -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, 아미드 중 어느 하나이고, R3과 R4는 각각 -CX3, 중 선택된 하나이고, 여기서 X는 할로겐 계열인 것 중에 하나이다.Wherein R 1 and R 2 are each one of -COSH, -CSOH, -COPh, -CN, -SCN, amide, and R 3 and R 4 are each selected from -CX 3 , wherein X is halogen It is one of the family.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010087372A (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-09-15 스프레이그 로버트 월터 Guest-host polarizers
JP2002020428A (en) 2000-07-12 2002-01-23 Yuichiro Haramoto Method for polymerizing ionic organic compound
KR20020084065A (en) * 1999-11-12 2002-11-04 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 Liquid Crystal Alignment Structures and Optical Devices Containing Same
KR20030059228A (en) * 2000-11-08 2003-07-07 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 Liquid Crystal Materials and Alignment Structures and Optical Devices Containing Same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010087372A (en) * 1998-10-14 2001-09-15 스프레이그 로버트 월터 Guest-host polarizers
KR20020084065A (en) * 1999-11-12 2002-11-04 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 Liquid Crystal Alignment Structures and Optical Devices Containing Same
JP2002020428A (en) 2000-07-12 2002-01-23 Yuichiro Haramoto Method for polymerizing ionic organic compound
KR20030059228A (en) * 2000-11-08 2003-07-07 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 Liquid Crystal Materials and Alignment Structures and Optical Devices Containing Same

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