KR100973326B1 - Harmonics absorptive power-factor improvement apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A power factor improvement device is provided to simultaneously execute power factor compensation and harmonic wave absorption by using a surge absorption reactor including a capacitive induction voltage coil. CONSTITUTION: A capacitive current flows to the ground(36) through a breaker, a capacitive circuit switch contact(29), a capacitive circuit, and a series reactor(33). An induced current flows to the ground through a breaker, a inductive circuit switch contact(37), and a parallel reactor(39). The series reactor comprises a capacitive conduction voltage coil. A first or third relay is operated with an automatic power factor controller. A breaker trip coil is operated with the control output of a temperature difference controller.

Description

Harmonic absorptive power-factor improvement apparatus

배의 선로무효전압 상승사고를 자동역률 조정장치에 의해 자동 분석하여 선로의 과잉 역률을 역보상하여 정상화시키는 고조파 흡수기능 역률개선장치에 관한 것이다.According to the present invention, by installing an automatic power factor improving device for absorbing harmonics in switchboards and power system facilities, the power factor is lowered due to condenser burnout due to continuous harmonics generated in the power system, harmonic induction heating loss, line power loss, relay malfunction and burnout. Power factor improves power factor in harmonic exposure state that absorbs harmonics that are accompanied by communication failure and extinguishes discharge and reproduces with sine wave power.

The present invention relates to a harmonic absorption function power factor improving device that automatically analyzes a ship's reactive voltage rise accident by an automatic power factor adjusting device and reverse compensates and normalizes an excess power factor of a line.

배까지 증가되는 사고로 전압 계전기가 오동작 된다.Conventionally, the power factor correction capacitor installed in the system due to the harmonics generated in the high-low voltage switchgear and the power system is damaged due to overcurrent inflow or explosion fire, and the system power factor is lowered.Then harmonic induced heating loss, line loss, communication failure, and device damage. It is discharged and extinguished at the cost of a relay malfunction, etc., but the harmonics are continuously supplied from the source of harmonics. In addition, the power system voltage is increased due to the power factor exceeded due to the capacity of the installation line group at the light load of the system.

The voltage relay malfunctions due to an accident that is increased up to 2 times.

Harmonics are regenerated with significant effective power to sine waves when absorbed by capacitive elements such as discharge-dissipation and condensers with losses and adverse effects. This saves lost energy, prevents fire, prevents damage to equipment and equipment, prevents malfunctions of relays, and improves quality by supplying high-quality power stably to the system, and has the benefits of convenience and reliability due to unmanned by automation.

Since both high and low voltage switchboards and power systems are connected in parallel, harmonics generated at any one of these locations find a weak point where energy consumption is easy throughout the system, and discharge it at some cost.

에 따라 주파수(f)가 증가할수록 전류크기도 증가하여 콘덴서가 소손될 위험이 있다.These harmonics occur in the process of generation-dissipation-generation. This harmonic is most easily absorbed by the capacitor, but the inductor current is

Accordingly, as the frequency f increases, the current magnitude also increases, and there is a risk of the capacitor being burned out.

Investigating the cause of harmonic generation, the most common harmonic generation phase control for electronic equipment such as rectifiers, UPSs, inverters and power electronics is easy, but harmonic intrusion prevention filter devices are possible, but diffusion prevention devices from harmonic sources are currently There is no technical documentation.

In the past, when controlling phase by SCR control, harmonics were easily cut off by reactor and condenser as the third harmonic, but at present, the use of a control element that frequently generates Article 13 pie phase such as IGBT or FET for economical and convenience reasons. Therefore, the harmonic diffusion cannot be blocked by the reactor. This is because these harmonics pass through GAP JUMP without passing through the line resistance.

FIG. 1 is an experimental circuit diagram illustrating an abnormal voltage generation and capacitor burnout occurrence conditions in a conventional power system.

Here, after operating the 10 ㎾ class generator 9 with the main power switch 6 open, insert the ATS 10 into the generator, insert the main circuit breaker 13, and then insert the general load switch 14. As a result, smooth load injection was successful.

However, when two (5kVA) rectifier loads 16 are inputted using the rectifier load switch 15, the voltage relay 12 malfunctions due to the harmonic effect, and thus an interruption failure occurs in the main circuit breaker 13. An abnormal voltage appeared in the system capacitor, and an initial phenomenon of capacitor burnout occurred.

In the following experiment, the generator 9 is stopped, the commercial power supply (for example, three-phase 4-wire 380V / 220V 60Hz) is turned on by the main power switch 6, and then the ATS 10 is switched to the commercial power supply side, followed by the rectifier load switch ( It was normal when the power was supplied to the rectifier load 16 according to 15).

In another experimental condition, after the generator 9 is operated, the main power switch 6 is opened, and then the ATS 10 is switched to the generator 9 to supply power to the load and the rectifier load 16. The malfunction of the EOVR 12 was confirmed, and when the main power switch 6 was simultaneously turned on, the voltage relay 12 operated normally without malfunction.

This experiment was conducted for the same test every 5 places for 60 days, and as a result, harmonics were not absorbed in the generator, and the harmonics generated from the rectifier resulted in the switch (contact) air gap (approximately 10 to 15) of the ATS (10). It was found that harmonic exposure in the premises was reduced as the discharge of external discharge to the nearby consumer main power distribution line through the main power switch 6 by JUMP GAP.

Harmonic spills are offset and cause power loss or energy loss, but harmonic absorbers absorb harmonics and regenerate sine wave power. However, the conventional harmonic countermeasure and power factor improvement countermeasure have been to arrange a series reactor in front of the condenser in which harmonic leakage occurs as shown in FIG.

중 고조파(f)에 공식적으로는 비례해야 하나 고조파 대가 높을수록 전력량이 경미한 관계로 상기 사고기록과 같이 비례하지 않고 2.2배에 불과하다.The general power factor improvement is made by direct capacitor installation.According to the accident record, inrush current is burned or exploded by current heating to 2.2 ~ 3.0 times the rated current of the capacitor under the exposure of 3 harmonics of UPS load system. Even when the voltage rises, the condenser current increases, potentially causing an explosion fire. In this way, the capacitor current Ic is

It should be officially proportional to medium harmonics (f), but the higher the harmonics, the smaller the amount of power.

즉 (+ j X L 과 - jXC) 근접되는 공진조건 고조파가 유입되면 대단히 위험하다. 그런 이유로 고조파 유입이 없는 장소에서 선로전압 상승에 의한 콘덴서의 과전류 유입 제한 목적은 달성할 수 있으나 고조파 유입에 따른 과전류 안전장치는 보장될 수 없다.As another method, a series reactor (2) is placed in front of the condenser to block harmonic inflow and power factor improvement by sinusoidal wave is widely used.

In other words, (+ j XL and-jXC) near resonance conditions harmonics are very dangerous. For this reason, the purpose of limiting the overcurrent inflow of the capacitor by the line voltage increase in the place where there is no harmonic inflow can be achieved, but the overcurrent safety device due to the harmonic inflow cannot be guaranteed.

배 증가되는 사고가 종종 발생되며 이로 인해 부설된 콘덴서의 전류증가로 콘덴서 폭발화재가 일어나게 되며 계통전력 계기나 전자 장비에 악영향을 초래하고 있는 현실이다.In addition, at light loads, when the power factor of the load group increases by more than 100% due to the increased line laying capacity of the load group, the reactive voltage of the line increases.

Accidents that multiply are often caused, and condensation explosions are caused by the increase of the current of the installed capacitors, which adversely affects grid power meters and electronic equipment.

In conclusion, the harmonics are redundant phenomena in the form of discharge accompanied by power loss and burnout failure, and the absorption power factor improving device technology that can reproduce with sinusoidal power that does not cause burnout by the capacitive harmonic absorber withstanding harmonics is desired. In addition, in the exposed state, the harmonic inflow current of the absorption power factor improving device is required to have a load capacity of 2.2 times to 3 times the rated current value. In addition, automatic situational adjustment of the system is required.

The present invention relates to a power factor compensation method in which harmonics are exposed to a power system, and an automatic defense against inverse power factor compensation for a malfunction of device damage caused by a system voltage increase caused by an increase in line capacity at light loads, and a UPS and a rectifier. In the power system that power factor compensation is difficult due to the large amount of harmonics caused by the inverter, harmonics are not absorbed and eventually penetrate into the circuit, causing continuity due to short-circuit discharge due to various burnouts, faulty communication disturbances, heat generation loss, and line power loss. As a countermeasure to solve the conventional technical problem in which malignant harmonics cannot be eliminated due to the series reactor for protecting the capacitor, the present invention applies a surge absorption reactor using a capacitive electrode plate as an induction coil to secure power factor compensation and harmonic absorption in the harmonic exposure state. High performance that can be done simultaneously within the safe current range An object of the present invention is to provide a harmonic inrush current-resistant absorption and regeneration device.

In addition, the present invention is automatically adjusted to adapt to the change in power factor of the variable receiving place, and the harmonic absorption function of the unmanned automatic power factor adjustment is controlled by using the reactor resonant circuit when the voltage rises due to the increase in the load line capacity at light loads. It is an object to provide a power factor improving device.

Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device of the present invention for achieving the above object is a capacitive circuit line for reducing harmonic absorption and power factor by receiving power through a breaker branched to the main bus line and the inductive circuit line for reducing line capacity, and high pressure Instructions for internal and external temperature for preventing overheating of the first, second and third relays and capacitive circuit breakers, inductive circuit breakers, and condensers operated by the set contact points of the power factor condition of the automatic power factor indicator regulator for power factor measurement adjustment of low voltage main buses. And a trip coil for tripping the circuit breaker that is tripped by a control output of the temperature difference indicating controller.

The harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device of the present invention is an automatic power factor compensation for excessive power factor against malfunction of device damage caused by system voltage rise caused by power line capacity increase at light load. Problems Harmonics are not absorbed in the power system where power factor compensation is difficult due to the large amount of harmonics caused by UPS, rectifier, and inverter, and finally penetrates into the circuit, causing short-circuit discharge due to various burnouts, breakdown communication failure, heat generation loss, and line power loss. It is impossible to eliminate the harmonics due to the continuity that disappears and the series reactor for protecting the capacitor, but the development of the surge absorption reactor using the capacitive electrode plate as the induction coil and the power factor compensation and harmonic absorption safely in the harmonic exposure state within the safe current range of the capacitor. Can be done at the same time.

In addition, the harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device of the present invention is automatically adjusted by adapting to the power factor change of the receiving place, and the unmanned automatic power factor adjustment is made by controlling the automatic overpower factor by controlling the reactor resonance circuit when the voltage rises due to the increase of the load line capacity at light load. .

1 is a diagram illustrating an abnormal voltage generation, capacitor burnout, and harmonic GAP JUMP characteristics in a conventional power system.
2 is a circuit configuration example of the harmonic countermeasure and power factor improvement countermeasure in the conventional power system.
3 is a circuit configuration diagram of a harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device of the present invention.
4 is a configuration diagram of a relay sequence control circuit for generating a capacitive circuit opening and closing contact and an inductive circuit opening and closing contact of the harmonic absorption function power factor improving apparatus of FIG. 3.
5 is an example of a power factor setting and an internal circuit configuration of an automatic power factor indicator for the relay sequence control circuit of FIG. 4.
6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an in-line reactor using a three-phase capacitive electrode plate according to the present invention as an induction coil, and an electrical circuit connection diagram thereof.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a series reactor having an induction coil as a single-phase capacitive electrode plate according to the present invention, and an electrical circuit connection diagram thereof.
8 is a plan view for explaining the structure of a parallel reactor according to the present invention.
9 is a front view illustrating the structure of the parallel reactor according to the present invention.

Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement apparatus of the present invention is mounted on the switchboard or in the power system by the automatic power factor control to control the power factor for each situation, such as power factor improvement, power factor reduction, harmonic absorption in the state that harmonics are exposed and automatically absorbs and reproduces harmonics. It has a structure that operates to reproduce with good power.

3 is a block diagram of a harmonic absorption function power factor improvement apparatus of the present invention.

As shown here, the harmonic absorption power factor improving device of the present invention is provided for each phase (RST) of the line, and this harmonic absorption power factor improving device has a capacitive circuit opening and closing contact (29) in which the current of each phase is a common circuit breaker. ), The capacitive circuit consisting of the capacitors 31 and 32 and the series reactor 33 are configured so that the capacitive (true) current flows to the neutral (ground) 36 in series, and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact ( 37, the inductive current flows to the neutral (ground) 36 through the parallel reactor 39.

The temperature of the condensers 31 and 32 is detected by the condenser surface temperature thermocouple 25, and this temperature value together with the detected temperature value of the ambient temperature thermocouple 26 for detecting the outside temperature is indicated by the temperature difference indicator 24. When the input is out of the set difference value range to send a trip current to the breaker trip coil 23 to configure the breaker to cut the line.

The series reactor 33 is a surge absorption function reactor and has a capacitive inductive voltage coil 35 composed of a capacitive electrode plate for regenerating harmonics under a reactance load.

The capacitive inductive voltage coil 35 composed of a capacitive electrode plate is provided with a fuse 30 which is a safety device against short circuit accidents of the electrode plate, and the capacitive electrode plate has a low capacity distribution due to low potential distribution between reactor coil stacks. It has a structure to compensate the potential of, and the vertical end of the cylinder is insulated GAP to prevent short circuit accident by induced current.

When the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 are 98% or less according to the line power factor situation, the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 is input to simultaneously perform harmonic absorption and power factor improvement, and 98%. Up to 101% above, the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 are simultaneously applied to reduce the power factor correction current to the reactor current, so that the power factor correction is stopped and only harmonic absorption is achieved. The relay sequence control circuit for the operation of the open / close contact and the inductive circuit open / close contact is shown in FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 4, the automatic power factor regulator of FIG. 4, which is an 80% setting contact point of the automatic power factor command regulator 21 of FIG. 5, with an operating voltage applied to the relay sequence control circuit due to the operation of the control circuit draw-in switch 42. When the first sending contact 43 is turned on, the first relay 44 is driven to turn on the contact 49 thereof, and the capacitive circuit switch 51 is driven to turn on the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 of FIG. 3. To be configured.

At this time, the capacitive circuit breaker 51 is configured to maintain the driving state by the magnetic contact 54, and the driving state of the capacitive circuit breaker 51 is configured to be displayed by the driving of the display device 52. In particular, the driving circuit line of the inductive circuit breaker 57 is cut off by the contact 56 of the first relay 44 which drives when the 80% set contact signal of the automatic power factor indicating controller 21 of FIG. 5 is generated. .

 When the automatic power factor regulator third transmission contact point 47, which is a 101% set contact point of the automatic power factor indicating controller 21, is turned on, the third relay 48 is driven to turn on the contact point 55 of the inductive circuit breaker 57. Is driven to configure the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 of FIG.

At this time, the inductive circuit breaker 57 is configured to self-maintain the driving state by the magnetic contact point 60, and the driving state of the inductive circuit breaker 57 is configured to be displayed by the driving of the display device 58. In particular, the driving circuit line of the capacitive circuit breaker 51 is cut off by the contact point 50 of the third relay 48 that drives when the 101% set contact signal of the automatic power factor indicating controller 21 of FIG. 5 is generated. .

When the automatic power factor regulator second transmission contact point 45, which is a 98% setting contact point of the automatic power factor control regulator 21, is turned on, the second relay 46 is driven to turn on the contacts 53 and 59. (51) and the inductive circuit breaker 57 is driven at the same time to configure the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact point 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact point 37 at the same time by reducing the power factor compensation current to reduce the reactor current power factor compensation Configured to be stationary and only harmonic absorption.

5 is an example of a power factor setting and an internal circuit configuration of an automatic power factor indicator for the relay sequence control circuit of FIG. 4.

Here, the automatic power factor indicating controller 21 is configured to generate the first to third outgoing contact points 43, 45, and 47 of the automatic power factor regulator itself, but the first outgoing contact point is 80% or more and 98% or less. The second sending contact can be set to be at least 98% and the third sending contact is at least 101%. The automatic power factor indicating controller 21 of FIG. 5 calculates the power factor by receiving the line current through the current transformer CT of the three-phase line and the line voltage through the transformer PT, and calculates the power factor according to the power factor value. The automatic power factor regulator first to third outgoing contact points 43, 45, and 47 are generated according to whether a set value is reached.

Referring to the operation of the device of the present invention configured as described above is as follows.

The apparatus of the present invention basically branches to the breaker in the power factor correction line, and the harmonic absorption and power factor improvement circuit line 27 and the capacity reverse compensation reactor circuit line 28 when the line power factor exceeds 100% are arranged in parallel to provide an automatic power factor indicator. 21) When the power factor is 98% or less, the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 is input to simultaneously perform harmonic absorption and power factor improvement, and when the power factor is 98% or more and 101%, the capacitive circuit is closed. The contact 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 are simultaneously applied to reduce the power factor correction current to the reactor current so that the power factor correction is stopped and only harmonic absorption is achieved. When the line power factor exceeds 101%, the capacitive circuit The opening and closing contact 29 is opened to cut off the capacitance current, and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 is inputted so that the inductive load current by the parallel reactor 39 is applied to the line to provide an excess power factor. It is compensated.

Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device of the present invention is largely the capacitive circuit switching contact 29, the condenser (31, 32) and the series reactor (33) circuit using the power factor monitoring indicator regulator of the line and the breaker branched from the grid Capacitive current passing through performs harmonic absorption function and power factor correction at the same time, and inductive current passing through inductive circuit opening and closing contact point 37 and parallel reactor 39 circuit in circuit breaker is capacitive with inductive current when line capacity is excessive. It performs the function of reverse compensating the excess power factor with an induced current under the capacitive current circuit interruption condition under light load and over 100% capacitive accident while reducing the sexual current.

The automatic power factor indicating controller 21 is respectively provided by the first, second, and third outgoing contact points (for example, power factor contacts at 80%, 98%, and 101% set positions) 43, 45, and 47 transmitted from the inside. To drive the first to third relay (44, 46, 48).

Here, when the automatic power factor regulator first transmission contact point 43, which is the 80% setting contact point of the automatic power factor control regulator 21, is turned on, the first relay 44 is driven to turn on the contact point 49 thereof. The circuit breaker 51 is driven to turn on the capacitive circuit switch contact 29.

At this time, the capacitive circuit breaker 51 is maintained in the driving state by the magnetic contact 54.

In addition, the display device 52 operates together with the driving of the capacitive circuit breaker 51 to display the driving state of the capacitive circuit breaker 51.

The drive circuit line of the inductive circuit breaker 57 is interrupted by the contact 56 of the first relay 44 which drives when the 80% set contact signal of the automatic power factor indicator regulator 21 is generated. This fundamentally blocks the ability to reverse compensate excess power factor with induced current under the capacitive current circuit interruption conditions at light loads and over 100% capacitive accidents.

 When the automatic power factor regulator third transmission contact point 47, which is a 101% setting contact point of the automatic power factor indicating controller 21, is turned on, the third relay 48 is driven to turn on the contact point 55 thereof, thereby inducing the circuit breaker. The 57 is driven to turn on the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37.

At this time, the inductive circuit breaker 57 is maintained by the magnetic contact (60).

The driving state of the inductive circuit breaker 57 is indicated by the driving of the display device 58. In particular, the driving circuit line of the capacitive circuit breaker 51 is interrupted by the contact point 50 of the third relay 48 which drives when the 101% set contact signal of the automatic power factor indicator regulator 21 is generated. This prohibits the input of the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 to prohibit the automatic power factor correction function.

배가 상승되는 사고 영역으로 판단되기 때문에 용량성회로개폐접점(29)을 개방시키고 삭감용 유도성회로개폐접점(37)을 투입시키면 역률 역보상만 이루어진다. 이때 유도성회로개폐접점(37)투입시 리액터의 용량성 전극판에 의해 GAP JUMP성 고조파는 흡수된 후 재생된다.Especially, when the automatic power factor setting exceeds 101%, the grid line voltage is the maximum voltage.

Since it is determined to be an accident area in which the ship is raised, opening the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 and inserting the reducing inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 causes power factor reverse compensation only. At this time, the GAP JUMP harmonics are absorbed and regenerated by the capacitive electrode plate of the reactor when the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 is inserted.

When the automatic power factor regulator second transmission contact point 45, which is a 98% setting contact point of the automatic power factor control regulator 21, is turned on, the second relay 46 is driven to turn on the contacts 53 and 59 so that the capacitive circuit breaker ( 51) and the inductive circuit breaker 57 are driven at the same time, the device of the present invention is the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact point 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact point 37 are put at the same time, so the power factor correction current reduces the reactor current to compensate for the power factor. Is stopped and only harmonic absorption occurs.

Particularly, when the power factor of 98% or more is lower than 101%, the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 reduce the power factor excess to induced current, thereby absorbing harmonics by the parallel resonance current of L and C. The current is regenerated with good sinusoidal current.

The automatic power factor indicating controller 21 generates the first to third transmission contact points 43, 45, and 47 according to a preset instruction value of the user.

If necessary, the first sending contact can be set to transmit at a power factor of 80% or more and 98% or less, or at a power factor of 50% or more and 98% or less, the second sending contact point is at 98% or more and the third sending contact point is sent at 101% or more. Can be. The automatic power factor indicating controller 21 receives the line current through the current transformer CT of the three-phase line and the line voltage through the transformer PT, calculates the power factor by calculating the power factor, and determines whether the power factor calculation value reaches the set value. Whether or not the automatic power factor regulator first to third transmission contact (43, 45, 47) can be generated.

This is summarized in Table 1 below.

Track power factor Auto Adjustment Content Operation circuit Input ingredients 98% or less Harmonic Absorption + Power Factor Improvement (29) MC Capacitive 98% ~ 101% Harmonic Absorption (29) MC + (37) ML Capacitive + Parallel Reactor 101% or more (light load) Power factor correction (surge absorption) (37) ML Parallel reactor

In addition to the capacitive circuit and inductive circuit described above, the apparatus further includes a control circuit, an automatic power factor adjustment, a surge absorption reactor, and a temperature difference indication control function.

The automatic power factor regulator is a digital or analog meter relay that combines two upper and lower limit settings, and uses one upper and lower contact point for 0.5 to 0.98 setting and one for upper and lower limit setting for 0.98 to 1.01. Alarm contact circuit can be configured and used. At this time, the set point can be changed and the automatic power indicator indicating system can be composed of two to one set or one to one set.

When the capacitor or the reactor generates heat, the temperature difference indicator controller 24 directly connects the surface temperature thermocouple and the atmospheric temperature thermocouple in a reverse direction, and recognizes the difference in electromotive force as the temperature difference. Power off the unit by

At this time, as a result of the embodiment of the present invention, in the case of direct connection between the inside and outside thermoelectric elements (type K), when the same temperature is applied, 'EE = OV' should be indicated as 0 ° C. As the energy required for the penetration, energy of 25 ° C. to 26 ° C. was required as the initial destruction constant of the electromotive force.

Therefore, it can be seen that if only -25 ℃ ~ -26 ℃ is compensated and set in the indicator controller, it operates within 0 ℃ ± 1 deviation in the region heated from 0 ~ 200 ℃ in the same temperature atmosphere of the internal and external thermocouples. Could.

The following describes a capacitive circuit having a power factor improvement and a harmonic absorption function of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a structure and circuit diagram of a three-phase series reactor (capacitive current circuit) installed in a capacitive current circuit line at a rear end of a breaker. FIG. 7 is a structure of a single phase series reactor installed in a capacitive current circuit line at a rear end of a breaker. And a circuit connection diagram, which will be described below with one phase out of three phases for convenience.

에 의해 용량성 임피던스가 줄어들고 직렬리액터(33)의 회로정수 XL=2πfL에 의해 저항이 증가한다. 이때 XL의 저항과 병렬로 소량의 용량성 전극판에 의해 GAP JUMP성 고조파를 우선 흡수하여 정현파로 재생시킨다.According to the power factor automatic control command, the capacitor 31 is placed forward to facilitate the inflow of harmonics by the switchgear of the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29, and the capacitor 32 is arranged in series to withstand the overvoltage at C1 and C2 during LC series resonance. Then, when the series reactor 33 is directly connected and the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 is input, the circuit impedance is (-jXC1) + (-jXC2) + (+ jXL), and the frequency increases.

As a result, the capacitive impedance is reduced, and the resistance is increased by the circuit constant XL = 2πfL of the series reactor 33. At this time, GAP JUMP harmonics are first absorbed by a small amount of capacitive electrode plate in parallel with the resistance of XL, and regenerated as sine waves.

In order to ensure that the difference between (-jXC1) + (-jXC2) and (+ jXL) in the sine wave is safe even in the third harmonic band, the current capacity of the capacitors 31 and 32 leaves more than three times the sine wave 60 Hz, leaving the reactor rated current. Designed more than twice in consideration of circuit loss, series reactor rated voltage should be about 30V compared to single-phase voltage 220V circuit in 3-phase 380V line, and the impedance should be within 1% of condenser dandi impedance. This is because the power factor improving current occupies 30 to 35% of the maximum total current at the harmonic inflow at 60 Hz.

In addition, the current up to the third harmonic band is next, and the harmonic anomalies above 5, 7, and 13 are reduced, so that the reduction of the circuit constant during harmonics of the capacitors 31 and 32 is not inversely proportional to the harmonic frequency (2.2 times the experimental value of FIG. 2). Reference).

In addition, in series reactor 33, as the reactance increases with increasing frequency, the inductive line constant reduces the capacitive line constant, so that the pole plate winding total area using the capacitive electrode plate as the induction coil to maintain the LC difference is large. The reactor core cross-sectional area was reduced to 1/2 to 1/4 of the normal area to maximize the size and reduce the reactance resistance.

However, even if the harmonic band L-C series resonant frequency is introduced, the higher the harmonic band, the smaller the inflow current, so that the burner current value does not occur as calculated in the reactor or the capacitor.

In order to remove such resonance inrush waves in advance, GAP JUMP harmonics are reduced by drawing capacitive electrode plates in the inrush shear circuits of the capacitors 31 and 32, as shown in the capacitive induction voltage coil 35 of FIG.

In addition, the capacitive electrode plate was insulated with mutual dielectric insulating material, and a cutting fuse 30 was installed to cut off the circuit in the case of short circuit due to deterioration.

배에 접근될시 용량성회로개폐접점(29)을 차단시키고 순수한 유도성회로개폐접점(37)을 투입한 리액터(유도성) 전류로서 경부하군 용량성 전류 삭감으로 과전압 상승에 의한 보호계전기 오동작과 구내 전자계기의 소손 오동작 및 콘덴서의 과전류를 방지한다.On the other hand, the inductive circuit including the parallel reactor 39, which is an inductive reactor, is made by the simultaneous input of the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 only at the time of harmonic absorption by LC parallel resonance. When the light load is over, the capacity of the grid line is overcharged and the reactive voltage rise

Reactor (inductive) current that cuts capacitive circuit opening and closing contact (29) and inputs pure inductive circuit opening and closing contact (37) when approaching ship. Protection relay malfunction due to overvoltage rise by light load group capacitive current reduction and It prevents burnout malfunction of the premises electromagnetic equipment and overcurrent of the capacitor.

The parallel reactor 39, which is the inductive reactor, needs to select a circuit current equivalent to 95% of the capacitive circuit current for operating the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 for improving the harmonic absorption power factor, and is based on the reactor coil stacking interface. Capacitiveity is low because the induced voltage per coil number is not uniformly formed between the winding layers, so it is difficult to penetrate harmonics.

In order to improve this, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the capacitive electrode plate 41 which is easy to absorb JUMP harmonics is mutually insulated from the bipolar GAP to prevent the occurrence of short-circuit current due to the induced current in the electrode plate. The vertical end of the electrode plate is insulated.

In addition, the capacitive electrode plate 41 has a function of absorbing the opening / closing surge voltage when opening and closing the front end switch, thereby indirectly protecting the condenser due to the transient phenomenon and the impact surge of the electronic device.

The reactor structure and principle having the surge absorption function are as follows.

The surge absorbing reactor has a reactor core (70) sandwiched between parallel reactor cores (70) by a laminated silicon steel laminated core, and a main winding (72) for the reactor is insulated and insulated with an insulator (73). Install (74). Next, the insulator 75 is inserted again, and the capacitive electrode plate 76 is wound, insulated with the insulator 77, and the main winding 78 is wound thereon, and then insulated and finished with the insulator 79. Reactors of the surge absorption function are classified into three-phase type and single phase type, but when viewed in the structure of one phase, their structures are the same and are shown as a single phase type for convenience.

In the reactor having the structure described above, the harmonics introduced into the reactor are difficult to pass by rotating a coil having a large reactance resistance, thereby obtaining a noise blocking function, and also providing a surge absorption function by installing a capacitive electrode plate.

A protective fuse is inserted at the end of the capacitive electrode plate drawing-out wiring line of the reactor having the improved function.

1,3 three-phase capacitor 2: series reactor
5: Main power 6: Main power switch
9: generator 10: ATS
12: voltage relay 13: main power circuit breaker
14: general load switch 15: rectifier load switch
16: rectifier load 21: automatic power factor indicator
23: trip coil 24: temperature difference indicator
25: Capacitor surface temperature thermocouple 26: Outside temperature thermocouple
29: capacitive circuit opening and closing contact (MC) 30,38: fuse
31,32: capacitor 33: series reactor
34: capacitive induction boosting coil 34-1: capacitive induction boosting coil
34-2: Insulator 35: Capacitive induction voltage coil
37: inductive circuit opening and closing contact (ML) 39: parallel reactor
40 reactor induction coil 41 capacitive electrode plate
42: opening and closing of the control circuit 43: the first power contact of the automatic power factor regulator
44: first relay 45: second power factor contact point
46: second relay 47: third power contact point of the automatic power factor regulator
48: third relay 51: capacitive circuit breaker
57: inductive circuit breaker 61: capacitive induction current coil input plate
68: serial reactor core 70: parallel reactor core
71,73,75,77,79: Insulator 80: Reactor inlet terminal
81: reactor withdrawal terminal 82: GAP
83: capacitive electrode plate insertion terminal

Claims (12)

Capacitive circuit line for absorbing harmonics and improving power factor by receiving power through breaker branched to main bus line and inductive circuit line for reducing line up capacity, and automatic power factor indicator regulator for power factor measurement adjustment of high or low voltage main bus line (21) 1, 2, 3 relays (44, 46, 48) and capacitive circuit breaker (51), inductive circuit breaker (57) operated by the set contact point for each power factor condition of Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device characterized in that it comprises an indicator control system (24) and a trip coil (23) for tripping the trip by the control output of the temperature difference indicator control system. According to claim 1, wherein the capacitive circuit line is arranged by shearing the condenser (31, 32) so that the line current through the circuit breaker facilitates the inflow of harmonics with the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact 29 of the capacitive circuit breaker (51). Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that configured to flow through the neutral terminal through a capacitive current circuit line consisting of a series reactor (33). According to claim 1, wherein the inductive circuit line through the breaker is a neutral through the inductive current circuit line consisting of the inductive circuit opening and closing contact 37 and the parallel reactor 39 of the inductive circuit breaker (57) Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that configured to flow to the terminal. The harmonic absorption function power factor improvement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the capacitive circuit lines and the inductive circuit lines are provided for each of three-phase or single-phase phase current lines. 3. The series reactor (33) according to claim 2, wherein the series reactor (33) uses a capacitive electrode plate and a capacitive inductive boost coil (34-1), an insulator (34-2), and a capacitive induction voltage. The capacitive electrode plate has a full-voltage application structure for compensating for the potential of an inferior capacity due to the low potential distribution between the reactor coil stacks, and the cylindrical vertical end is insulated from the gap by induction current. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement apparatus characterized by comprising a short circuit accident prevention structure. The reactor of claim 2, wherein the series reactor 33 reduces the reactance by setting the iron core cross-sectional area to 1/2 to 1/4 of the normal area in order to increase capacitance, and installs one capacitive reactor in a set of core blocks. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that. The reactor of claim 2, wherein the series reactor 33 reduces the reactance by reducing the iron core cross-sectional area to 1/2 to 1/4 of the normal area to increase the capacitance, and three capacities for three-phase application to a set of core blocks. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that to install a sex reactor. 3. The series reactor (33) according to claim 2, wherein the series reactor (33) includes a capacitive induction voltage coil (35) composed of a capacitive electrode plate, and the capacitive induction voltage coil (35) is a safety device against short circuit accident of the electrode plate. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that the fuse 30 is provided between the capacitive electrode plate and the capacitive circuit opening and closing contact (29). 4. The electrode of claim 3, wherein the parallel reactor 39 insulates the capacitive electrode plate 41 easily absorbing JUMP harmonics in a bipolar GAP and prevents short-circuit current caused by an induced current in the electrode plate. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that the vertical end of the plate configured to insulated. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the parallel reactor (39) is provided with a protective fuse (38) between the capacitive electrode plate (41) and the inductive circuit opening and closing contact (39). According to claim 1, wherein the automatic power factor indicator regulator 21 calculates the power factor by receiving the line current through the current transformer (CT) of the three-phase line and the line voltage through the transformer (PT) to calculate the power factor and the power factor value When the respective set values (power factor 80% or more, 98% or less, power factor 98% or more, power factor 101% or more) are reached, the first, second, and third output contacts 43, 45, and 47 are generated. Harmonic absorption function power factor improvement device, characterized in that. delete

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