KR100966605B1 - A cooling system for refrigerator car using permanent magnet type generator with mechanical controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cooling system for a refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle equipped with a controlled permanent magnet generator capable of maintaining a constant magnitude of output voltage even when the RPM of the engine varies, and a generator for converting the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy. A compressor for compressing the refrigerant using the electrical energy converted by the generator, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant compressed in the compressor, and an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant liquefied in the condenser and supplying cool air to the loading unit; The generator includes a rotor in which permanent magnets are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction; A stator in which a plurality of three-phase windings in which a plurality of coils are connected in series for each phase are independently wound; A plurality of rectifiers connected to output ends of the plurality of three-phase windings to rectify output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings; A plurality of switches connecting the output terminals of the plurality of three-phase windings and the plurality of rectifiers such that output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings may be respectively applied to the plurality of rectifiers; And a controller for sensing the rotational speed of the rotor based on the output voltages of the plurality of rectifiers and selectively turning on / off the plurality of switches according to the rotational speed of the rotor.

Power generation, refrigeration, refrigeration, efficiency, air gap, regulation

Description

Cooling system for refrigerator / refrigerating vehicle with flux-controlled permanent magnet generator {A cooling system for refrigerator car using permanent magnet type generator with mechanical controller}

The present invention relates to a cooling system for a refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle, and more particularly, to a certain size of power generation in accordance with the conversion of the rotational speed of the rotor when converting the mechanical energy by the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy in the refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle. The present invention relates to a cooling system of a refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator that is equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator to obtain a voltage and maintains a constant output voltage even if the RPM of the engine changes.

In general, the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle is a form of a top vehicle provided with a loading unit, by using a cooling system to cool the inside of the loading unit to prevent the corruption of the cargo loaded in the loading unit when moving the vehicle to maintain the freshness Special vehicle.

The cooling system used in the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle is provided with a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator to supply the cool air to the inside of the load by using the heat exchange action of the refrigerant through a cooling cycle consisting of the compression, condensation and expansion of the refrigerant. .

In more detail, when a compressor supplied with electrical energy from a generator converting the rotational force of an engine of a refrigeration / freezing vehicle into electrical energy compresses the refrigerant to a high temperature and a high pressure and supplies it to the condenser, the condenser cools and liquefies the compressed refrigerant. , The liquefied refrigerant is maintained at a low pressure that is easy to vaporize while passing through the expansion valve, the refrigerant maintained at a low pressure is supplied to the evaporator is evaporated by the evaporator to absorb the heat of the surroundings, thereby generating a heat exchange. Accordingly, the evaporator is configured to supply the generated cold air into the loading unit.

Refrigerated / refrigerated vehicles having the cooling system as described above can be largely divided into a main type and a server type, which will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a conventional main refrigeration / refrigerator vehicle, Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a conventional server type refrigeration / refrigerator vehicle.

First, referring to Figure 1, first of the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle of the main type, the engine (not shown) supplied with fuel from the fuel container 110 is connected to the generator 100 and the belt, the generator 100 Converts the mechanical energy by the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy and supplies it to the cooling system 108a using the electrical wirings 102 and 106 so as to provide a compressor (not shown) and a condenser (not shown) of the cooling system 108a. And evaporator (not shown).

Such, typically, the generator is the output voltage is also increased as the rotational speed of the rotor increases, the above-described refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle of the main type is output from the generator 100 in accordance with the operating state of the engine (rpm change of the engine) Since the voltage is irregular, the compressor operates unstable, and when the engine is stopped, the generator is also stopped. Therefore, the operation of the compressor is difficult and the cooling system is also difficult to operate.

Referring to FIG. 2, in the server type refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle, a cooling system 108b is installed in communication with an inner surface of a loading portion corresponding to an upper surface of a loading portion and a rear surface of an upper surface of the loading portion, and the cooling system ( 108b) includes a sub-engine 108b-1, a generator (not shown), a compressor 108b-2, a condenser 108b-3, and a front upper side of the loading unit, which are installed at portions corresponding to the front upper side of the loading unit. The evaporator 108b-4 provided in the part corresponding to the back surface of the is provided.

That is, the server type refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle is a refrigeration system that receives fuel from the fuel tank 110 through the fuel pipe 120 separately from the engine 600 of the vehicle operated by receiving fuel from the fuel tank 110. The sub-engine 108b-1 of the 108b is operated so that the generator generates electric energy by driving the sub-engine 108b-1, and the compressor 108b of the cooling system 108b uses the electric energy of the generator. -2), the condenser 108b-3 and the evaporator 108b-4 are driven.

This server type has an advantage that the cooling system 108b can be driven using the sub-engine 108b-1 receiving fuel from the fuel container 110 even when the engine 600 is stopped. Apart from having to provide one additional engine 108b-1, there is a problem in that the construction cost of the cooling system 108b is high.

On the other hand, when looking at the generator mounted on the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle, as the performance of the permanent magnet is recently improved, a generator (or electric motor) using a permanent magnet as a rotor has been developed and used. In particular, a generator using a permanent magnet as a rotor can obtain a high power generation efficiency (or electric efficiency) and can be easily configured in a structure, which is widely used in industrial equipment. In addition, as the generator is miniaturized, high performance, and high output, it is necessary to diversify the components accordingly.

By the way, the generator using the permanent magnet as a rotor is simple in structure and high output, but the magnetic force of the permanent magnet cannot be increased or decreased according to the rotational speed of the rotor, so the output voltage is also increased or decreased according to the rotational speed of the rotor. There is a problem that the control is difficult. That is, it is difficult to control to output a constant voltage in accordance with the change of the rotational speed of the rotor.

In order to solve this problem, the conventional permanent magnet generator is operated by dividing a small current by using a switching regulator to maintain the generated voltage at a predetermined constant voltage, and the high voltage and / or high current generated during high rotation of the rotor. A large power transistor was used to transform and flow the current.

However, in this case, since the transformer is enlarged and heat is generated due to transformer and current, additionally, a cooling device must be provided, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the generator. In particular, there is a problem of causing a propagation disturbance or noise by an excessive inrush current generated when the current is smallly divided by using a switching regulator.

The present invention has been proposed to improve the above problems of the prior art, and is connected to the engine to improve the permanent magnet structure of the generator for converting mechanical energy by the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy to match the speed change of the rotor It is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling system of a refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator capable of maintaining a constant magnitude of the generated output voltage.

Another object of the present invention is to drive a cooling system even when the engine is stopped in a refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the eddy current loss generated in the stator, rotor and air gap control member of the automatic control permanent magnet generator.

Still another object of the present invention is to finely increase and decrease the air gap of the magnetic path according to the rotational speed of the rotor between the stator and the rotor of the automatically controlled permanent magnet generator.

The refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a generator for converting the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy, and using the electrical energy converted from the generator To compress the refrigerant to a high pressure, a condenser for condensing and liquefying the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and a refrigerating / refrigerating vehicle including an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant liquefied in the condenser and supplying the cool air generated accordingly. A cooling system of the generator, the generator is a rotor with permanent magnets arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction; A stator in which a plurality of three-phase windings in which a plurality of coils are connected in series for each phase are independently wound; A plurality of rectifiers connected to output ends of the plurality of three-phase windings to rectify output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings; A plurality of switches connecting the output terminals of the plurality of three-phase windings and the plurality of rectifiers such that output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings may be respectively applied to the plurality of rectifiers; And a controller for sensing the rotational speed of the rotor based on the output voltages of the plurality of rectifiers and selectively turning on / off the plurality of switches according to the rotational speed of the rotor.

Here, the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator is charged by the electric energy generated by the generator during the operation of the refrigeration / refrigerated vehicle, the non-operation of the refrigerated / refrigerated vehicle It further comprises a battery for supplying electrical energy to the compressor.

In addition, the cooling system of the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator is made of a cylindrical shape, the outer peripheral surface is located in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the stator, the inner circumferential surface is positioned with the rotor and air gap, The apparatus may further include a gap adjusting member which rotates relative to the stator under the control of the controller to increase or decrease the gap between the rotor and the stator.

In addition, the stator, the rotor and the void control member is characterized in that the laminated production through the adhesive between the plurality of investment material.

In addition, the air gap control member has a circular ring shape, the inner circumferential surface is formed with a smooth surface, and the outer circumferential surface is characterized in that the uneven portion is formed.

In addition, the void control member is characterized in that a plurality of thin plate investment material formed in a cylindrical shape on the inner circumferential surface and the uneven portion formed on the outer circumferential surface is laminated in a cylindrical shape.

In addition, the concave-convex portion is characterized in that the convex portion is formed in the same number as the number of comb gear of the stator core.

In addition, the concave-convex portion is characterized in that the inclined portion formed in the corner portion of the convex portion.

The rotor may include a permanent magnet member having a cylindrical shape by inserting a nonmagnetic material between the permanent magnets; And a magnetic concentrating member in which an investment material and a non-investment material are alternately bonded in a cylindrical shape to an outer circumferential surface of the permanent magnet member, wherein the investment material covers a portion of the surface of the permanent magnet centered on a surface center of the permanent magnet, The non-investment material is characterized in that it covers the entire surface of the nonmagnetic material and the portion of the surface of the permanent magnet that is not covered by the investment material.

The plurality of three-phase windings may include a plurality of coils connected in series for each phase, and the output terminals of voltages formed in the entire series connected coils and the output terminals of voltages formed in some of the coils connected in series are different from each other. It is characterized in that connected to each of the plurality of rectifiers through a switch.

The controller may be configured to output a voltage generated in the entire series connected coils when the number of revolutions of the rotor is relatively small, and to output the voltage to the rectifier. The switch is selectively turned on / off so that the voltage generated from the coil of the output to the rectifier.

In addition, the coils of the same phase in the plurality of three-phase windings are wound on the stator by one slot shifted.

In addition, the coil of the same phase in the plurality of three-phase winding is characterized in that the winding to cross each other.

In addition, a capacitor and a switch are connected in series between the output terminals of the plurality of three-phase windings.

According to the cooling system of a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention as described above, a plurality of three-phase coils are selectively connected to the rectifier according to the number of revolutions of the generator rotor and at the same time the air gap control member By finely adjusting the air gap between the rotor and the stator, it is possible to generate a constant voltage in the generator regardless of the RPM of the vehicle engine.

In addition, since the electric energy generated by the generator is charged in the battery when the vehicle is driving, the loading unit may be cooled by using the electric energy charged in the battery when the vehicle is stopped.

In addition, since the generator can obtain a constant voltage even when using a small engine RPM, that is, a small load of the engine, the generator can operate effectively even at a low RPM of the engine, even in a low RPM situation of the engine such as when the vehicle is running at low speed or idling. Unnecessarily increasing the RPM of the engine to obtain a constant voltage can reduce the engine fuel consumption.

In addition, it is not necessary to install a separate cooling device in the generator in order to solve the heat generated by the sudden voltage rise of the transformer generated by the high RPM of the engine can reduce the manufacturing cost of the cooling system.

In addition, the battery is always charged by the electric energy generated by the generator and additionally includes a battery for supplying the electric energy charged to the compressor during the non-operation of the engine of the refrigerated / frozen vehicle, even when the engine of the refrigerated / frozen vehicle is not running. The load can be cooled.

In addition, since the stator, the rotor, and the gap adjusting member are laminated with a plurality of investment materials, eddy current loss can be prevented.

In addition, since the convex portions of the uneven portions of the gap adjusting member of the generator are formed to be inclined at the corners, when the convex portions of the pore adjusting members are positioned in the slots of the stator core, voids are formed between the convex portions and the comb gear, so that the gap between the pore adjusting member and the stator core is formed. The jar can be completely separated.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described specific details for the practice of the invention.

3 is a conceptual diagram of a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as 'cooling system' in the detailed description of the invention), as shown, basically a flux-controlled permanent magnet type Generator 100 (hereinafter referred to as generator 100), compressor 200, condenser 300, evaporator 400, electrical wiring 500 and battery 700 is included.

First, the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with the cooling system of the present invention will be described.

The refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle is provided with a driver's seat in which a driver can ride on the front side of the vehicle, such as a normal top vehicle, and an engine for driving a vehicle and a generator at the lower side thereof, and cooled and transported at the rear side of the driver's seat. There is a loading section in which a desired load is loaded.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG.

Generator 100 according to the present invention is connected to the engine 600 and the belt (not shown), and serves to convert the mechanical energy by the rotational force of the engine 600 into electrical energy, Figures 4 and 5 As shown in, it largely comprises a housing (1), a rotating shaft (2), a rotor (3), a stator (4) and a void control member (7).

The housing 1 collectively supports and protects the components, and serves to receive the rotor 3 and the stator 4 and to form a passage of magnetic force. The center portion 1B is coupled between the side portions 1A.

The rotary shaft 2 is rotatably supported by two bearings 13 provided at both ends thereof, and a rotor 3 made of permanent magnets 5 is fixed to an outer circumferential surface thereof.

The stator 4 is fixed to the housing 1 with a space between the rotor 3.

The void adjusting member 7 has a cylindrical shape and is interposed between the rotor 3 and the stator 4. The inner circumferential surface of the pore adjusting member 7 is positioned with the rotor and the void, and the outer circumferential surface is positioned to abut (facing) the inner circumferential surface of the stator 4. The air gap adjusting member 7 rotates in the circumferential direction with respect to the stator 4 by a driving device to be described later, and serves to increase or decrease the gap between the rotor 3 and the stator 4. Here, a detailed principle of increasing and decreasing the gap between the rotor 3 and the stator 4 is provided below the void adjusting member 7 will be described later.

Looking at the configuration of the rotor (3) in more detail, the rotor (3) is a magnetic member 6 coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft (2), and the investment member (8) coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic path member (6) On the outer circumferential surface of the investment member 8, the permanent magnet member 5 and the permanent magnet 35 and the nonmagnetic material 21 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and on the outer circumferential surface of the permanent magnet member 5; The investment and non-investment thin plates are alternately joined in a cylindrical shape and consist of a magnetically concentrated member 16 coated on the permanent magnet member 5.

On the other hand, one end of the rotor (3) is fastened to the fixing nut (38) via a pressing plate (37) through a screw (36) provided on the rotating shaft (2), and the other end of the fixing nut (38) through a spacer (39). ), The rotor 3 is fixed to a predetermined position of the rotation shaft 2 by tightly tightening.

In addition, the rotation shaft 2 is connected to the output shaft of the engine 600 through a rotational force transmission means such as a belt is rotated through the rotational force transmission means in accordance with the driving of the engine 600.

On the other hand, when looking at the stator 4 in more detail, the coil 14 is wound in the slot 22 of the stator core 15 fixed to the housing (1). That is, the inner circumferential surface of the stator 4 has a comb-shaped comb-tooth gear 20 which is spaced apart at regular intervals in the circumferential direction, and a slot 22 which is a notch part between the comb-tooth gear 20 is provided. Is formed.

The stator core 15 is disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the comb gear 20 so as to be relatively movable in the circumferential direction with respect to the stator core 15 in a state in which the gap adjusting member 7 is in contact with the comb gear 20. In the present invention, the gap adjusting member 7 is limited to being mounted to the housing 1 so as to be rotatable through the bearing 19 in the housing 1, but in contact with the stator core 15 in a rotatable state. As long as it can be rotated relative to the stator core 15 in the circumferential direction, it may be configured in any mounting form.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the rotor of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention, Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of the rotor of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention.

4 to 7, the arc-shaped permanent magnets 35 are disposed in the rotor 3 at regular intervals. However, when the permanent magnets 35 are disposed adjacent to each other, the magnetic force is not transmitted between the N poles and the S poles of the neighboring magnets, but the magnetic force rotates between the N poles and the S poles. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the nonmagnetic material 21 is inserted between the permanent magnets 35, and the permanent magnet 35 and the nonmagnetic material 21 form a cylindrical shape as a whole.

In order to concentrate the magnetic force present on the surface of the permanent magnet 35 to the center of the permanent magnet 35 so that the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 35 can be transmitted to the stator 4 as much as possible, the permanent magnet as shown in FIG. (35) A certain area is covered with an investment material (investable thin plate) centered on the center of the surface.

Further, the non-investment material is coated on the permanent magnet member 5 between the investment materials so that magnetic force does not rotate between neighboring investment goods.

At this time, it is effective to form the investment material so as not to cover the entire surface of the permanent magnet 35, but to cover only about 70 to 90% of the entire surface around the center of the surface of the permanent magnet 35. At this time, the portion of the surface of the permanent magnet 35 that is not covered with the investment material is covered with a non-investment material. That is, the non-investment material not only covers the entire surface of the nonmagnetic material 21, but also both ends thereof cover the remaining surface of the permanent magnet 35 (the remaining part not covered by the investment material).

As such, by alternately coating the investment and non-investment goods so that the investment material is located at the center of the permanent magnet 35 of the permanent magnet member 5, even more magnetic flux can be transmitted to the stator 4 side even if the same permanent magnet is used. .

Permanent magnet members such that the investment and non-investment of the magnetic concentrated member 16 are arranged at regular intervals, welded, and the plate of the welded and non-investment is bent, and the investment is located at the center of the surface of the permanent magnet 35. It is provided on the outer peripheral surface of (5). And as the investment material, the permeability is higher than the permeability of the permanent magnet (35) is used.

Figure 8 is an enlarged view showing the shape of the air gap control member that is the flux control means of the magnetic flux control type permanent magnet generator of the present invention and the shape of the comb teeth of the stator core corresponding thereto.

Referring to FIG. 8, as mentioned above, the pore adjusting member 7 is formed in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and the outer circumferential surface of the pore adjusting member 7 is positioned to face the inner circumferential surface of the stator 4 and adjusts the pore. The inner circumferential surface of the member 7 is positioned with a gap between the rotor 3, such that the void adjusting member 7 is rotated relative to the stator 4 in the circumferential direction relative to the stator 4. Increase or decrease the gap between them.

The air gap control member 7 has a circular ring shape, and an inner circumferential surface thereof is formed with a smooth surface, and an outer circumferential surface of the thin plate formed with irregularities is sequentially stacked in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder to form a cylindrical shape.

As such, when investments in thin sheets are stacked, adhesives are interposed between the investment materials, and the investment materials are bonded to each other. Thus, the edges of the investment materials are welded to each other or the investment materials are laminated to each other by using a separate fixing means. The loss due to eddy currents is reduced.

This applies equally to the manufacturing method of the rotor 3 and the stator core 15 as well as the void adjusting member 7.

The convex portion 17 of the uneven portion of the air gap control member 7 is formed such that the number and width t ₂ of the convex-concave portion 7 correspond to the number and width of the comb gear 20 of the stator 4, respectively. Rotate in contact.

At this time, the gap adjusting member 7 having the same number of convex portions 17 as the comb gear 20 of the fixed stator has the magnetic force of the rotor 3 always passing, so that the convex portion 17 and the comb gear 20 Excessive force acts when the convex part 17 is spaced apart from the comb gear 20 by the rotational movement of the pore adjusting member 7 while being in contact. In order to reduce this force gradually, it is necessary to allow the gap between the convex portion 17 and the comb gear 20 to be gradually opened when the gap adjusting member 7 is rotated.

Accordingly, the inclined portions 24 and 25 which are inclined downwardly (sculpted) at a predetermined inclination α ° are formed at both corner portions of the upper portion of the comb gear 20 and the convex portion 17, respectively.

In addition, the inclined parts 24 and 25 of the comb gear 20 and the convex part 17 are reduced in contact with each other, so that the comb gear 20 and the convex part 17 during the rotational movement of the air gap control member 7. The damage caused by mutual contact of the corner parts can be prevented at the source.

And the width (t ₂₎ of the convex portion 17 is comb-gear 20, the interval (t _1), i.e. t _1> t ₂ is such that the convex portion 17 and the comb teeth gear 20 relationship to be smaller than between the formed .

Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 8 by forming the inclined portion (24, 25) in the corner portion of the convex portion 17 and the comb teeth 20, respectively, to facilitate the rotation of the air gap control member (7).

By the inclined portions 24 and 25, when the convex portion 17 is positioned between the side surfaces 22 of the neighboring comb gear 20, that is, the slot of the stator core 15, the convex portion 17 and the comb gear ( The gap between the gap control member 7 and the stator core 15 is completely separated by forming a gap between the gaps 20, that is, the gaps t ₃ and t ₄ .

The space 18 between the convex portions 17 may be an empty space as shown in FIG. 8, but the strength of the pore control member 7 may be reinforced by inserting a nonmagnetic material such as aluminum or resin therein.

9 is a configuration diagram showing in more detail the configuration for controlling the rotation of the air gap control member and the overall appearance of the magnetic flux control type permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

9, the drive device 9 is composed of a solenoid valve 29 is coupled to the other end of the rod 31, one end is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the air gap control member (7). The controller 10 detects the position of the air gap adjusting member 7 by detecting the position of the rod 31 using the position sensor 26, and controls the amount of current flowing through the coil of the solenoid valve 29 according to the position. By moving the 31 back and forth, the gap adjusting member 7 is relatively rotated in the stator 4 to increase or decrease the gap between the rotor 3 and the stator 4.

That is, the other end of the rod 31 is inserted into the solenoid valve 29, and the control unit 10 pulls or pushes the inserted rod 31 by adjusting the amount and direction of the current flowing through the solenoid valve 29. One end of the rod 31 is connected to the pore adjusting member 7 can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise as desired. At this time, the movement direction and the movement amount of the rod 31 depends on the current position of the rod 31 sensed by the position sensor 26.

As such, the control unit 10 controls the rotation of the air gap control member 7 by adjusting the amount of current to the solenoid valve 29 according to the number of revolutions of the rotor 3 between the rotor 3 and the stator 4. Perform the flux control. This magnetic flux control method will be described later in more detail.

And the return adjustment spring 44 is installed in the pore adjusting member 7 so that when the movement of the pore adjusting member 7 is not controlled by the drive device 9, the pore adjusting member 7 has a predetermined position (reference). Position). In addition, both ends of the air gap control member 7 is provided with a magnetic leakage preventing unit 27 to prevent the magnetic force from leaking to the outside.

In FIG. 9, the solenoid valve 29 and the rod 31 are used as means for rotating the air gap control member 7, but such a configuration is not limited to the configuration of FIG. 9.

10A to 10C are circuit diagrams illustrating in more detail a connection state of a coil wound on a stator.

The generator 100 of the present invention is a plurality of independent (three in Figure 10a) three-phase windings (U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ , U ₂ V ₂ W ₂ ), as shown in Figure 10a, each of the independent three-phase winding And a plurality of rectifiers 42a and 42b connected to the fields U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ , U ₂ V ₂ W ₂ .

At this time, in each of the independent three-phase windings (U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ , U ₂ V ₂ W ₂ ), each phase is connected to the coils in series through the connecting portion 33, the output stage of each phase (three coils in series The connected output terminal) and the output terminal of each connection unit 33 are connected to the corresponding rectifiers 42a and 42b through the switches S ₁ to S ₁₂ . The output voltages of the two rectifiers 42a and 42b are joined at the output stage and applied to the load 45.

By providing the rectifiers 42a and 42b separately to correspond to the three-phase windings U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ and U ₂ V ₂ W ₂ as in the present invention, the output voltages are joined at the rear end thereof. The efficiency of the generator can be improved by 50%.

And when the number of revolutions of the rotor 3 is small, it is necessary to raise the voltage as soon as possible to obtain a large power. As such, in order to increase the voltage of each winding more rapidly, in the present invention, capacitors C ₁ between the output lines of each phase in each of the independent three-phase windings U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ and U ₂ V ₂ W ₂ are different. C ₆ ) and the switches CS ₁ to CS ₆ are connected in series. At this time, the switches CS ₁ to CS ₆ are turned on / off by the controller 10, and the size of the capacitor is designed so that approximately 1/5 of the output current of the winding can be stored.

Although not shown in FIG. 10A, the controller 10 of FIG. 9 applies the output voltages of the rectifiers 42a and 42b to switch the switches S ₁ to S ₁₂ so that the output voltages can be maintained within a preset allowable range. Winding switching is performed by selectively turning on / off. The method of winding switching using these switches S ₁ -S ₁₂ is described in more detail below.

In addition, in the present invention, when winding a plurality of independent three-phase winding in the slot so that the magnetic force of the permanent magnet can effectively enter each winding, different windings of the same phase (for example, U ₁ , U ₂ ) as shown in Figure 10b 1 slot rolls together. That is, in the part corresponding to the poles of the permanent magnets (N pole and S pole), the magnetic force flows at the boundary between N pole and S pole. If it is located in the part corresponding to the pole, S pole), the magnetic force is not properly transmitted to the winding and thus cannot increase the power.

However, as in the present invention, when windings of different windings of the same phase are rolled up by one slot, one winding of the same phase may be located even if it is located at a portion corresponding to the pole (N pole, S pole) of the permanent magnet. Through the magnetic force can be transmitted through it is possible to obtain a greater efficiency (power) for the same rotor (3).

However, if two different types of windings are wound around one slot for the same phase, a deviation may occur in the magnetic force, and a large current may be generated in one of the windings, but no current may flow in the other winding. In order to solve this problem, the present invention can improve the balance of magnetic force by winding two windings U ₁ and U ₂ while crossing the windings of the same phase in the slot as shown in FIG. 10C.

The flux control and winding switching operation of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention using the above-described structure will be described in more detail as follows.

First, the magnetic flux control will be described. In a generator using a permanent magnet as a rotor, when the number of revolutions of the permanent magnet increases, the magnetic force transmitted to the coil of the stator increases to generate a high output voltage. The magnetic force transmitted to the coil is reduced and the output voltage is reduced.

However, since the magnetic force of the permanent magnet itself cannot be increased or decreased, it is necessary to adjust the magnetic flux transmitted from the permanent magnet to the stator according to the number of revolutions of the rotor in order to output a constant voltage in accordance with the number of revolutions of the rotor. have.

The air gap adjusting member 7 of the present invention is located between the rotor 3 and the stator 4 to increase or decrease the gap of the magnetic flux transmitted from the permanent magnet 35 of the rotor 3 to the stator 4. To adjust. To this end, the controller 10 detects the output voltage of the generator through the output voltages of the rectifiers 42a and 42b and detects the current position of the pore control member 7 using the position sensor 26 to rotate the rotor 3. Adjust the position of the pore control member 7 according to the number of revolutions of the generator).

That is, when the output voltage of the generator is large, the controller 10 rotates the gap adjusting member so that the convex portion 17 of the pore adjusting member 7 is located at the center of the slot of the stator core 15, while the output of the generator is generated. If the voltage is small, the pore adjusting member 7 is rotated so that the convex portion 17 of the pore adjusting member 7 is located at the center of the comb gear 20.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 11, the voltage drop rate is inversely proportional to the distance between the gaps (gaps) of the rotor 3 and the stator 4, and as shown in FIG. By rotating the member 7 to increase and decrease the air gap in the magnetic path, it is possible to generate an output voltage having a voltage fluctuation range within 5% even if the generator RPM is increased.

However, when the number of revolutions is small, a large output is produced. When the number of revolutions is large, to suppress voltage and at the same time, it is necessary to reduce the resistance by reducing the number of turns when the number of revolutions is large. In other words, a means capable of converting the number of turns of the winding in accordance with the number of revolutions of the rotor 3 is required.

In addition, since the voltage of the generator is expressed by Equation 1 below, an effective method for increasing the voltage at low revolutions is to increase Ws. On the contrary, the most effective method for reducing the voltage at high revolutions is Ws. It is effective to make it small.

E = 4.44 · f · φ · Ws

Where f is the frequency, φ is the strength of the magnetic force, and Ws is the number of turns of the coil winding.

In addition, when the winding number of the winding is reduced in this way, not only the voltage can be reduced but also the resistance value can be reduced even if the current increases, so that the copper loss can be reduced.

To this end, the controller 10 senses the rotational speed of the rotor through the output voltages of the rectifiers 42a and 42b and controls the on / off of the switches S ₁ to S ₁₂ according to the rotational speed.

For example, when the rotation speed is small, the controller 10 turns on the switches S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₅ , S ₇ , S ₉ , and S ₁₁ and switches S ₂ , S ₄ , S ₆ , and S _8. , S ₁₀ , S ₁₂ ) is turned off so that all three coils connected in series for each phase (e.g., 1U ₁ , 2U ₁ , 3U ₁ , and / or 1U ₂ , 2U ₂ , 3U _{2 for} phase U) The voltage is controlled to be applied to rectifiers 42a and / or 42b. On the other hand, when the rotation speed is large, the controller 10 turns on the switches S ₂ , S ₄ , S ₆ , S ₈ , S ₁₀ , and S ₁₂ and switches S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₅ , and S ₇ , S ₉ , S ₁₁ are off so that only the voltage across one of the three coils connected in series for each phase (eg, 1U ₁ and / or 1U _{2 for} phase U) is rectifier 42a and / or 42b).

In addition, the controller 10 may adjust the switch so that the output voltages of the two independent three-phase windings are all applied to the load in FIG. 7, or only the output voltage of any one of the three-phase windings is applied to the load. Furthermore, even when the output voltages of two independent three-phase windings are all applied to the load, only one switch (S ₁ , S ₃ , S ₅ ) is turned on in one of the three-phase windings so that the voltage across the coil of each phase is In the other three-phase winding, only the switches S ₈ , S ₁₀ , and S ₁₂ may be turned on so that only the voltage applied to one of the three coils connected in series for each phase may be output.

In the above-described embodiment, only the case in which all three coils are connected in series for each phase outputs a voltage formed in all three coils or a voltage formed only in one coil, but the voltages formed in two coils connected in series are described. It is obvious that more precise winding switching can be achieved by configuring the output to be output as well.

As such, the controller 10 adjusts the on / off of the switches S ₁ to S ₁₂ according to the number of revolutions of the rotor to select a desired number of windings, thereby controlling the desired constant voltage 100V as shown in FIG. 13. You can make it reach faster.

On the other hand, the compressor 200 is directly supplied with power from the generator 100 through the electrical wiring 500 installed between the generator 100 configured as described above and the driver's seat and the loading unit of the refrigerated / frozen vehicle, or the generator ( Power is supplied from a battery 700 to be described later, which is charged by electrical energy of 100, and the compressor 200 and the condenser 300 to be described later are installed on the front side of the loading part of the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle and the evaporator ( 400 is installed on the inner side of the loading portion corresponding to the rear surface of the front upper side of the loading portion so as to supply cold air into the loading portion.

The installation positions of the compressor 200, the condenser 300, and the evaporator 400 are not necessarily limited thereto and may be installed at various positions.

Here, the compressor 200 compresses the refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure gas state by using the power supplied from the generator 100 to generate a driving force to form a cooling cycle to the condenser 300 and the evaporator 400 described later. Let's do it.

The condenser 300 is installed adjacent to the compressor 200 and is connected to a refrigerant pipe (not shown) from the compressor 200 to receive a refrigerant of a high temperature and high pressure gas state, and condense and liquefy it.

The evaporator 400 is installed adjacent to the compressor 200 and the condenser 300, and loads cold air generated when the refrigerant is liquefied by the refrigerant pipe from the condenser 300 and evaporates it. It serves to supply wealth.

Meanwhile, the battery 700 may be continuously charged with electric energy from the generator 100 when the vehicle is driving, and may supply the charged voltage to the compressor 200 when the vehicle stops driving to drive the compressor 200.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a conventional refrigeration / refrigerator vehicle of the main type.

Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a conventional server-type refrigeration / refrigerator vehicle.

3 is a conceptual diagram of a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the rotor of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention.

7 is a perspective view showing the structure of the rotor of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator according to the present invention.

Figure 8 is an enlarged view showing the shape of the air gap control member that is the flux control means of the magnetic flux control type permanent magnet generator of the present invention and the shape of the comb teeth of the stator core corresponding thereto.

9 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of controlling the overall appearance of the air gap control member and the rotation of the air gap control member of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

10a to 10c is a circuit diagram showing in more detail the connection state of the coil wound on the stator of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

11 is a voltage output characteristic diagram of a general permanent magnet generator.

12 is a characteristic diagram showing the voltage output characteristics by the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

13 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage and the rotational speed generated by the switching of the winding of the flux-controlled permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

Claims (14)

A generator for converting the rotational force of the engine into electrical energy, a compressor for compressing the refrigerant to a high pressure using the electrical energy converted by the generator, a condenser for condensing and liquefying the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, liquefied in the condenser A refrigeration / refrigerating vehicle cooling system including an evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant and supplying the generated cold air to the loading unit, The generator may include a rotor in which permanent magnets are disposed at regular intervals along a circumferential direction, a stator in which a plurality of three-phase windings in which a plurality of coils are connected in series for each phase are independently wound, and a plurality of three-phase windings. A plurality of rectifiers respectively connected to an output terminal to rectify output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings, and output terminals of the plurality of three-phase windings so that output voltages of the plurality of three-phase windings may be applied to the plurality of rectifiers, respectively. And a plurality of switches connecting the plurality of rectifiers to the plurality of rectifiers, and detecting the rotation speed of the rotor based on the output voltages of the plurality of rectifiers, and selectively turning on / off the plurality of switches according to the rotation speed of the rotor. The outer peripheral surface is located in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the stator, and the inner circumferential surface is spaced above the rotor and the air gap. By, and under the control of the controller to move the relative rotation with respect to the stator comprises a gap adjustment member for increasing or decreasing the gap between the magnetic path of the rotor and the stator; The stator, the rotor and the air gap control member is a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the laminated between the plurality of investment through the adhesive production. The method of claim 1, When the refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle is operating, the flux-controlled permanently characterized in that it is charged by the electric energy generated from the generator, the battery for supplying the electric energy charged during the non-operation of the refrigeration / refrigerated vehicle to the compressor Cooling system for refrigerated / refrigerated vehicles with a magnetic generator. delete The method of claim 1, The air gap control member is a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the circular surface is formed in the sliding surface is formed on the inner circumferential surface and the irregularities formed on the outer circumferential surface. delete The method of claim 4, wherein The air gap control member is a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the cylindrical surface is formed in a cylindrical shape and a plurality of thin plate investment material is formed on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface irregularities. The method of claim 4, wherein The uneven portion is a cooling system of a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the convex portion is formed in the same number as the number of comb gears of the stator core. The method of claim 4, wherein The uneven portion is a cooling system of a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle equipped with a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the inclined portion formed in the corner portion. The method of claim 1, The rotor is a permanent magnet member is inserted into the non-magnetic material between the permanent magnet to form a cylindrical shape as a whole; And a magnetic concentrating member in which an investment material and a non-investment material are alternately bonded in a cylindrical shape to an outer circumferential surface of the permanent magnet member, wherein the investment material covers a portion of the surface of the permanent magnet centered on a surface center of the permanent magnet, The non-investment material is a refrigeration / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the entire surface of the non-magnetic material and the surface of the permanent magnet is not covered by the investment material. The method of claim 1, The plurality of three-phase windings may include a plurality of switches in which a plurality of coils are connected in series for each phase, and output terminals of voltages formed in the entire series-connected coils and output terminals of voltages formed in coils of some of the series-connected coils are different from each other. Cooling system of a refrigerated / frozen vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that connected to the plurality of rectifiers through. The method of claim 10, The control unit outputs a voltage generated in the entire series connected coils when the number of rotations of the rotor is relatively small to the rectifier, and when the number of rotations of the rotor is relatively large, the coils of some of the series connected coils. Cooling / refrigeration vehicle cooling system equipped with a magnetic flux controlled permanent magnet generator characterized in that the switch selectively on / off so that the voltage generated by the output to the rectifier. The method of claim 10, And a coil having a same phase in the plurality of three-phase windings is wound around the stator by one slot. The method of claim 12, Cooling system of a refrigeration / refrigerated vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the coil of the same phase in the plurality of three-phase winding is wound to cross each other. The method of claim 13, Cooling system of a refrigeration / refrigerated vehicle equipped with a flux-controlled permanent magnet generator, characterized in that the capacitor and the switch is connected in series between the output terminal of the plurality of three-phase winding.

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