KR100938682B1 - Touch panel and display device having it - Google Patents

Abstract

The touch panel of the present invention and a display device having the same include an external light blocking sheet disposed on at least one of an upper electrode sheet and a lower electrode sheet, wherein the external light blocking sheet is formed on a base part and a base part to provide external light. It includes a plurality of pattern portions for absorbing. Therefore, the light incident from the outside can be absorbed and blocked as much as possible, and the black image of the display panel can be effectively implemented to improve the contrast of the bright room.

Clear room contrast, exterior light shielding sheet, dot spacer, display device, mobile communication terminal

Description

Touch panel and display device having the same {Touch panel and display device having it}

The present invention relates to a touch panel and a display device having the same, and more particularly, to an external light blocking sheet disposed at at least one of an upper side of an upper electrode sheet or a lower side of a lower electrode sheet, thereby absorbing light incident from the outside as much as possible. It relates to a touch panel that can be blocked and a display device having the same.

In general, a touch screen means that when a person's hand or an object touches a character or a specific location displayed on the screen (screen) without using a keyboard, the touch screen can identify the location and perform specific processing by the stored software. Refers to a screen that allows input data to be received. To this end, the touch screen adds a device called a touch panel to the screen of a general monitor to perform its function.

In this case, the touch panel refers to a device that detects what is selected by the user according to the position of the touched screen and processes the corresponding command by a computer when the text or picture information previously displayed on the screen is touched by hand.

However, in the conventional touch panel and the display device having the same, when the black image is realized, external light is reflected from the front surface of the panel due to the white phosphor exposed on the lower panel of the display panel, so that the black image is bright. It is perceived as a dark color of the series has a problem that the bright room contrast is lowered.

An object of the present invention is to provide a touch panel having an external light shielding sheet at at least one of an upper electrode sheet or a lower electrode sheet, and capable of absorbing and blocking light incident from the outside as much as possible, and a display device having the same. have.

The touch panel provided in the display device of the present invention includes an external light blocking sheet disposed on at least one of an upper electrode sheet or a lower electrode sheet, and the external light blocking sheet is formed on a base part and the base part. And a plurality of pattern portions that absorb external light. In this case, the upper electrode sheet may further include a phase resistance film disposed under the plate and the plate, and the external light blocking sheet may be disposed on the plate.

In the present invention, the upper electrode sheet may further include a phase resistive film, and the upper lower insulating film may be formed on one surface of the external light blocking sheet.

In the present invention, the lower electrode sheet may include a lower plate, a lower resistive layer disposed on the lower plate, and a plurality of dot spacers provided on the lower resistive layer. In this case, the external light blocking sheet may be disposed below the lower substrate.

In the present invention, a hard coating portion may be formed on one surface of the external light blocking sheet. In this case, the hard coating unit may be any one of a hard coating material coated on the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet or a hard coating film layer adhered to the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet.

In the present invention, one surface of the external light shielding sheet may further include at least one of an AR layer to prevent reflection of external light, an NIR shielding layer for shielding near infrared rays emitted from the panel, and an EMI shielding layer for shielding electromagnetic waves. .

A touch panel and a display device having the same according to the present invention include an external light blocking sheet disposed on at least one of an upper electrode sheet or a lower electrode sheet, wherein the external light blocking sheet is formed on a base part and a base part. And a plurality of pattern portions that absorb external light. Therefore, it is possible to absorb and block light incident from the outside as much as possible, and to effectively implement a black image of the display panel, thereby improving contrast.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a view showing the external appearance of a touch panel and a display device having the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, various kinds of display apparatuses in which the touch panel of the present invention may be provided are possible, and the display apparatus may be a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a TV, a monitor, an MP3 player, a mobile communication terminal, or the like. One of them can be used. 1 illustrates an example in which a mobile communication terminal is applied among the display devices.

1, the touch panel 60 of the present invention and the mobile communication terminal 50, which is one of the display devices having the same, includes a receiver 80 for outputting a voice signal of a call counterpart, an input device, and the like. The touch panel 60, which can be used simultaneously as a display device, and an operation switch 70 for calling and ending a call are provided. The side of the mobile communication terminal 50 is provided with an operation switch for operating the volume or the camera function.

The touch panel 60 provided on the front surface is a display that responds as a user touches, and interacts with the mobile communication terminal 50 by contacting a user's finger with a picture or letters displayed on a screen displayed on the touch panel 60. Do it.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a touch panel according to the present invention.

In FIG. 2, the resistive touch panel 100 is illustrated, but is not limited thereto. The capacitive type, electromagnetic induction, not the resistive film depending on a method of sensing a touch. Of course, an electro-magnetc type touch panel is also possible. Referring to FIG. 2, the touch panel 100 includes an upper electrode sheet 130 and a lower electrode sheet 120 facing the upper electrode sheet 130.

The upper electrode sheet 130 is disposed under the plate 113 with an upper resistance film 114 attached thereto, and includes an upper electrode (not shown) electrically connected to the upper resistance film 114.

The plate 113 may include at least one of transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly methyl meta acrylate (PMMA), and poly carbonate (PC). When PET is used as the plate 113, light having high transparency can be easily emitted to the outside, and when PMMA is used as the plate 113, heat resistance is good and heat is generated. It can be used for many large display devices. In addition, in the case of using the PC as the plate 113, it has the characteristics of impact resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, self-extinguishing, transparency, etc., and has an impact of about 150 times or more of tempered glass, there is an advantage of excellent flexibility and processability .

The phase resistance film 114 may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (TO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). It may be formed of any one material.

The lower electrode sheet 120 may include a lower resistive film 124 disposed on the lower substrate 123, a lower resistive film 124, and a plurality of dot spacers 125 provided on the lower resistive film 124. . In addition, the functional film 122 disposed below the lower substrate 123 may be disposed.

The plurality of dot spacers 125 may have a circular or rectangular shape. Referring to FIG. 2, the dot spacers 125 are illustrated to be provided on the lower resistance layer 124, but may be provided on the upper resistance layer 114. It's okay. The dot spacers 125 may be formed to be spaced apart from each other and printed. The dot spacers 125 may be formed using a UV (ultra violet) curable ink material. The distance from the center of one dot spacer 125 to the center of another adjacent dot spacer 125 (pitch between dot spacers, Lp) is usually Lp = 2 mm and is shown in a spherical shape, but the dot spacer 125 is actually It may be formed in a spherical shape in which the upper length is relatively long compared to the height.

The lower plate 123 may include at least one of a poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), a poly methyl meta acrylate (PMMA), and a poly carbonate (PC), which are transparent materials, similar to the upper plate 113. Like the phase resistive film 114, 124 may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (TO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium tin oxide (Indium). Tin Zinc Oxide (ITZO) may be formed of any one material. The functional film 122 is a film disposed below the lower substrate 123 and includes PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate), which is a transparent material.

The external light blocking sheet 110 may be disposed below the lower plate 123. That is, the external light blocking sheet 110 may be disposed on the upper electrode sheet 130, but is disposed below the lower substrate 123 of the lower electrode sheet 120, and disposed on the upper electrode sheet 130. The external light blocking sheet 110 may perform a function of blocking external light.

The lower electrode sheet 120 may further include a lower electrode (not shown) electrically connected to the lower resistance layer 124 and an induction line (not shown) for connecting the lower electrode with a connection terminal.

In order to find the position coordinate by using the touch panel 100, first, when the upper electrode sheet 130 in which the upper electrode (not shown) is contacted by a predetermined input means such as a pen or a finger, The upper electrode (not shown) formed on the electrode sheet 130 and the lower electrode (not shown) on the lower electrode sheet 120 are energized with each other through the plurality of dot spacers 125 and the voltage changed by the resistance value at the position. After reading the value, the position coordinate is found by changing the potential difference.

Meanwhile, the external light blocking sheet 110 is disposed above the upper electrode sheet 130. The external light blocking sheet 110 functions to absorb and block light incident from the outside as much as possible, and a detailed configuration will be described later.

In order to allow light incident from the outside to be transmitted to the lower electrode sheet 120 and to be directly reflected from the upper electrode sheet 130, the external light blocking sheet 110 is preferably disposed on the plate 113. Do.

The hard coat part 115 may be formed on an outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 110. The hard coating unit 115 is a hard coating film layer that is coated on the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 110 or the hard coating film layer adhered to the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 110 (shown in FIG. 9). Reference numeral 525 may be any one, and in FIG. 2, the hard coating material 115 is coated on an outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 110. In order to maintain the proper thickness of the touch panel 100, it is preferable to thinly coat the hard coating material 115 instead of the hard coating film layer (reference numeral 525 shown in FIG. 9).

 When the hard coating material 115 is thinly coated on the outer surface of the external light shielding sheet 110, when the user selects a specific position on the surface of the display device by using an input means such as a hand or a pen for input, The coating material 115 may protect the surface of the upper electrode sheet 130 from damage such as scratching and stamping due to a load of an input means such as a hand or a pen.

The hard coating material 115 preferably includes a polymer as a binder. Acrylic, urethane, epoxy, and siloxane polymers may be used, or an ultraviolet curable resin such as an oligomer may be used. This may further include a silica-based filler in order to improve the strength (hardness).

Meanwhile, the touch panel 100 may be disposed on the front surface of the panel 140 of the display device. A liquid crystal panel, a plasma display panel, a field emission device, an electroluminescence device, or the like may be applied to the panel 140 of the display device. It is possible.

Hereinafter, the detailed configuration of the external light blocking sheet 110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the structure of the external light blocking sheet provided in the touch panel shown in FIG. 2, wherein the external light blocking sheet 110 includes a base portion 200 and a plurality of pattern portions 210. It is made to include.

The base unit 200 is preferably made of a transparent plastic material, for example, a resin-based material formed by a UV curing method so as to transmit light smoothly, and protects the front surface of the panel of the display device. In order to increase the effect, a rigid glass material may be used.

Referring to FIG. 3, the pattern portion 210 is formed on the base portion 200 and absorbs external light. The pattern portion 210 may have a triangular shape, or may have various shapes such as a trapezoid and a quadrangle. The pattern part 210 is formed of a material of darker color than the base part 200, and preferably, a material of black color. For example, the pattern unit 210 may be formed of a carbon-based material or may apply a black dye to maximize the effect of absorbing external light. Hereinafter, the wider of the upper and lower ends of the pattern unit 210 is referred to as the lower end of the pattern unit 210.

In FIG. 3, the lower end of the pattern part 210 may be disposed on the panel side, and the upper end of the pattern part 210 may be disposed on the observer side where external light is incident. In addition, in contrast to the arrangement, the lower end of the pattern portion 210 may be disposed toward the observer side, and the upper end of the pattern portion 210 may be disposed on the panel side.

Since the external light source is generally located above the panel, the external light is incident on the panel at an angle from the upper side and absorbed by the pattern portion 210.

The pattern unit 210 may include light absorbing particles, and the light absorbing particles may be resin particles colored in a specific color. In order to maximize the light absorption effect, the light absorbing particles are preferably colored black.

In order to facilitate the manufacture of the light absorbing particles and the addition into the pattern portion 210 and to maximize the effect of absorbing external light, the size of the light absorbing particles may be 1 μm or more. In addition, when the size of the light absorbing particles is 1 μm or more, the pattern unit 210 may include 10 wt% or more of the light absorbing particles in order to effectively absorb external light refracted by the pattern unit 210. That is, light absorbing particles having a weight of 10% or more of the total weight of the pattern portion 210 may be included in the pattern portion 210.

4 to 7 illustrate embodiments of the structure of the external light blocking sheet in cross-sectional view in order to explain the optical characteristics according to the structure of the external light blocking sheet.

In the case of FIG. 4, in order to absorb and block external light and totally reflect visible light emitted from the display panel 140 of the display device to increase the reflectance of the panel light, the refractive index of the pattern part 112, at least the pattern part 112. This is the case where the refractive index of the inclined surface which is a part of is smaller than the refractive index of the base portion 111.

As described above, the external light that lowers the clear room contrast of the plasma display panel is often located above the panel 140. Referring to FIG. 4, according to Snell's law, external light incident to the external light blocking sheet 110 at an angle (represented by a dotted line) is refracted into the pattern part 112 having a refractive index smaller than that of the base part 111. Is absorbed. External light refracted into the pattern portion 112 may be absorbed by the light absorbing particles.

 In addition, the light emitted from the display panel 140 to the outside (indicated by a solid line) is totally reflected on the inclined surface of the pattern part 112 to be reflected to the outside, which is the observer's side.

As described above, the external light (indicated by the dotted line) is refracted and absorbed by the pattern part 112 and the light emitted by the panel 140 (indicated by the solid line) is totally reflected by the pattern part 112. As shown, the angle of the external light is greater than the angle of the inclined surface of the pattern portion 112 than the angle of the light of the panel 140 to the inclined surface of the pattern portion 112.

Therefore, the external light blocking sheet 110 according to the present invention absorbs external light so that external light is not reflected to the observer side, and increases the amount of light emitted from the panel 140 to improve the clear room contrast of the display image.

In order to maximize absorption of external light and total reflection of light of the panel 140 in consideration of the angle of external light incident on the panel 140, the refractive index of the pattern part 112 is 0.3 to less than 1 times the refractive index of the base part 111. It is preferable. In order to maximize the total reflection of the light emitted from the panel 140 on the inclined surface of the pattern portion 112, considering the vertical viewing angle of the plasma display panel, the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is 0.30000 of the refractive index of the base portion 111. It is preferred that it is from fold to 0.9999 fold.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the upper end of the pattern portion 112 is disposed on the observer side and the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is smaller than the refractive index of the base portion 111, the light emitted from the panel 140 is patterned. Since it is reflected from the inclined surface of the unit 112 and spreads to the observer side, a ghost phenomenon may occur in which the image is not clear and is distorted when viewed from the observer side.

5 illustrates a case where the upper end of the pattern part 112 is disposed on the observer side and the refractive index of the pattern part 112 is larger than the refractive index of the base part 111. Referring to FIG. 5, since the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is greater than that of the base portion 111, external light and panel light incident on the pattern portion 112 according to Snell's law may be absorbed by the pattern portion 112. Can be.

Therefore, when the upper end of the pattern portion 112 is disposed on the observer's side and the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is larger than the refractive index of the base portion 111, the ghost phenomenon can be reduced. In order to sufficiently absorb the panel light incident at an angle to the pattern portion 112 to prevent ghosting, the difference between the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 and the refractive index of the base portion 111 is preferably 0.001 to 0.3.

When the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is larger than the refractive index of the base portion 111, the transmittance and the clear room contrast of the external light blocking sheet 110 may be reduced, thereby preventing the ghost phenomenon and simultaneously preventing the external light blocking sheet 110. In order not to significantly reduce the transmittance of, the difference between the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 and the refractive index of the base portion 111 is preferably 0.05 to 0.3. In addition, in order to prevent the ghost phenomenon and maintain the clear contrast of the panel at an appropriate level, the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is preferably 1.0 times to 1.3 times the refractive index of the base portion 111.

6 illustrates a case where the lower end of the pattern part 112 is disposed on the observer side and the refractive index of the pattern part 112 is smaller than the refractive index of the base part 111. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the lower end of the pattern part 112 may be disposed on the observer's side where the external light is incident to allow the external light to be absorbed by the lower end of the pattern part 112, thereby improving external light blocking effect. In addition, since the interval between the lower ends of the pattern portion 112 can be made larger than that shown in FIG. 5, the aperture ratio of the external light blocking sheet 110 can be improved.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the panel light emitted from the panel 140 may be reflected at the inclined surface of the pattern part 112 and may be gathered around the panel light passing through the base part 111. Accordingly, the ghost phenomenon can be reduced without significantly reducing the transmittance of the external light blocking sheet 110.

Here, the panel light is reflected from the inclined surface of the pattern portion 112 to prevent the ghost phenomenon as the center of the panel light passing through the base 111, the panel 140 and the touch panel 100 between the It is preferable that the interval d is 0.1 mm to 3 mm.

7 illustrates a case where the lower end of the pattern part 112 is disposed on the observer side and the refractive index of the pattern part 112 is larger than the refractive index of the base part 111. As shown in FIG. 7, since the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is greater than the refractive index of the base portion 111, the panel light incident on the inclined surface of the pattern portion 112 may be absorbed by the pattern portion 112. Accordingly, since the image is displayed by the panel light passing through the base 111, the ghost phenomenon can be reduced.

In addition, since the refractive index of the pattern portion 112 is larger than the refractive index of the base portion 111, the external light absorption effect may be improved.

8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a comparative example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

In the comparative example shown in FIG. 8, as the touch panel 400 without the external light blocking sheet of the present invention, external light (indicated by a solid line in FIG. 8) is incident on the panel 440 obliquely from above. The external light incident on the panel 440 is reflected by the upper electrode sheet 430 or the lower electrode sheet 420, so that the black image emitted from the panel 440 is recognized as a bright dark color, and the contrast of the bright room is reduced. .

9 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the touch panel according to the present invention. Hereinafter, the differences from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be mainly described.

The upper electrode sheet 514 of the present invention is composed of a phase resistive film. Here, the phase resistance film may be formed on one surface of the external light blocking sheet 510. That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the phase resistance film 114 is formed below the upper plate 113, but in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the phase resistance film 514 is formed on the base portion of the external light blocking sheet 510. 511 may be formed on the lower side. That is, instead of removing the plate 113 shown in FIG. 2, the external light blocking sheet 510 may perform the function of the plate 113 of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, when both the plate 113 and the external light blocking sheet 110 are stacked, the thickness of the touch panel 100 may be thickened, so that the base portion 511 of the external light blocking sheet 510 may be formed. By forming the upper resistance film 514 on the lower side, there is an advantage that the proper thickness of the touch panel 500 can be maintained.

On the other hand, the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 510 is a hard coating portion 525 is formed. Referring to FIG. 9, the hard coat film layer 525 is attached to an outer surface of the external light blocking sheet 510. Instead of removing the plate 113 of FIG. 2, since the external light blocking sheet 510 may perform a function of the plate 113 of FIG. 2, an appropriate thickness of the touch panel 500 may be secured. In order to more effectively protect the surface of the upper electrode sheet, the hard coat film layer 525 may be adhered to an outer surface of the external light blocking sheet by an adhesive (not shown). Therefore, it is possible to protect the surface of the upper electrode sheet from damage such as scratching and stamping due to the load of an input means such as a hand or a pen.

10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the touch panel according to the present invention.

One surface of the external light blocking sheet 830 of the touch panel may further include at least one of an AR / NIR sheet 810 and an EMI shielding sheet 820, and the sheets 810, 820, and 830. The adhesive layer 840 may be formed therebetween.

The AR / NIR sheet 810 is an anti-reflection (AR) layer 811 which has a function of reducing glare by preventing reflection of light incident from the outside on the front surface of the base sheet 813 made of a transparent plastic material. The NIR (Near Infrared) shield sheet 812 may be attached to the rear surface to shield the near infrared rays radiated from the panel so that signals transmitted using infrared rays such as a remote controller may be normally transmitted.

The EMI shield sheet 820 shields the electromagnetic interference (EMI) to prevent the EMI emitted from the panel from being emitted to the outside, and the plurality of conductive layers, for example, the plurality of metal layers and the transparent transparent layers alternately. It may have a stacked structure.

An adhesive layer 840 may be formed between the AR / NIR sheet 810, the EMI shield sheet 820, and the external light shielding sheet 830, and the sheets 810, 820, 830, and the filter 800 may be formed. Should be firmly attached to the front of the panel. In addition, the material of the base sheet included between each of the sheets 810, 820, and 830 may preferably use substantially the same material in consideration of the ease of fabrication of the filter.

Meanwhile, in FIG. 9, the AR / NIR sheet 810, the EMI shielding sheet 820, and the external light shielding sheet 830 are stacked in this order, but the stacking order of each sheet may be differently stacked by those skilled in the art. In addition, at least one of the illustrated sheets 810, 820, and 830 may be omitted, or another functional layer may be added.

At least one of the basesheets shown in FIG. 10 may be omitted, and any one of the basesheets may be made of hard glass, which is not made of plastic, to improve a function of protecting the panel. . The glass is preferably formed spaced apart from the panel at a predetermined interval.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, this is merely exemplary, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

1 is a view showing the external appearance of a touch panel and a display device having the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a touch panel according to the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a structure of an external light blocking sheet provided in the touch panel shown in FIG. 2.

4 to 7 are cross-sectional views showing embodiments of the structure of the external light blocking sheet to explain the optical characteristics according to the structure of the external light blocking sheet.

8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a comparative example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

9 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the touch panel according to the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the touch panel according to the present invention.

<Simple description of the code for the main part of the drawing>

100: touch panel 110: external light blocking sheet

111: base portion 112: pattern portion

113: upper plate 114: phase resistance film

120: lower electrode sheet 130: upper electrode sheet

140: display panel

Claims (15)

Upper electrode sheet; And A lower electrode sheet facing the upper electrode sheet; It includes an external light blocking sheet disposed on the upper electrode sheet, The external light blocking sheet includes a base part and a plurality of pattern parts formed on the base part to absorb external light, and the refractive index of the plurality of pattern parts is greater than the refractive index of the base part, The difference in the refractive index of the base portion is 0.001 to 0.3, The upper electrode sheet includes a phase resistive film, and the phase resistive film is formed on one surface of the external light blocking sheet. delete delete delete The method of claim 1, The phase resistive film may be any one of indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (TO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). Touch panel formed of a material. The method of claim 1, And a refractive index of the plurality of pattern portions is greater than 1 times and less than 1.3 times the refractive index of the base portion. The method of claim 1, A hard coating part is formed on an outer surface of the external light blocking sheet, The hard coating unit is any one of a hard coating material that is coated on the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet or a hard coating film layer adhered to the outer surface of the external light blocking sheet. The method of claim 1, The lower electrode sheet is Lower substrate; A lower resistance film disposed on the base plate; And A touch panel comprising a plurality of dot spacers provided on the lower resistance film. delete The method of claim 8, The lower substrate may include at least one of PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate), PMMA (Poly Methyl Meta Acrylate), and PC (Poly Carbonate). The method of claim 1, The pattern unit includes a light absorbing particles. The method of claim 1, On one surface of the external light blocking sheet An AR layer preventing reflection of external light; A NIR shielding layer that shields near infrared rays emitted from the panel; And Touch panel further comprising at least one of the EMI shielding layer for shielding electromagnetic waves. A display apparatus comprising a display panel in which the touch panel of any one of claims 1, 5 to 8, and 10 to 12 is disposed in front. The method of claim 13, The display device may be one of a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a TV, a monitor, an MP3 player, and a mobile communication terminal. The method of claim 13, And a distance between the display panel and the touch panel is 0.1 mm to 3 mm.

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