KR100922863B1 - A method for providing quality of service using beacon only period - Google Patents

Abstract

It provides a QoS providing method using a shared beacon period. The method for providing QoS using the shared beacon period includes the steps of: transmitting, by a first node, which is a terminal device, to a higher node by including information on a quality of service (QoS) in a beacon frame in a beacon only period (BOP); If the upper node is the coordinator node, the coordinator node reads information about QoS in the payload of the beacon frame of the first node, and reads state information about an event occurring in the first node to perform a predetermined operation according to the event. It includes.

Beacon frame, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), quality of service (QoS)

Description

A method for providing quality of service using beacon only period}

The present invention relates to a QoS providing method using a shared beacon period, and relates to a QoS providing method using an effective beacon service according to the importance of a packet by transmitting QoS information in a beacon frame in a shared beacon period. will be.

A sensor network is a wired / wireless network composed of many ultra-lightweight, low-power sensors for ubiquitous computing, and basically consists of a sensor node and a sink node. The sensor node is a system composed of a sensor, a processor, and a communication element that transmits or transmits information sensed from an environment and a physical system or a specific event related to a sensor based on wired or wireless communication technology. Each sensor node (mobile or source node) floods a Route Request (RREQ) message to send the collected data to the destination node. The route request message is a control message type used by the source node to find a destination node (ie, request to create a route). The node generating the route request message may be a relay node that initiates a route recovery operation for path recovery when a path disconnection occurs with a source node that originally requested data transfer. These nodes will flood routing request messages into the Ad-Hoc network. In addition, the nodes receiving the route request message are sent to the node (source node) that originally sent a Route Reply (RREP) message when the route is present in the routing table or the node is the destination node. Send by unicast. In addition, if the node receiving the route request message is not the destination node and does not know the route to the destination node, the reverse route to the source node is stored in the routing table, and then the received route request message is received. To the neighbor node. When the routing path is established (created) through the above process, the number of hops from each node to the destination node is determined, and then data transmission is performed through the configured routing path. As such, the routing path refers to a path established by using relay nodes for communication between a source node and a destination node.

Meanwhile, the MAC (Media Access Control) protocol currently widely used in the sensor network may be classified into a time division multiple access (TDMA) method and a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) method. The TDMA method is a method in which a sink or coordinator node allocates a time slot to each (sensor) node according to resource occupancy, and allows each node to transmit an uplink / downlink data packet. The CSMA method uses a resource sharing algorithm with random back-off and contention windows based on contention. In WPAN, a MAC standard capable of accommodating both the TDMA and the CSMA is being developed in IEEE 802.15.4. At the network layer, the Zigbee alliance is underway as a de facto.

In addition, IEEE 802.15.4 of the IEEE standard defines a physical layer and a MAC layer to implement a sensor network. The upper layer defines a network layer, an application layer, and other additional functions in ZigBee Alliance's ZigBee. ZigBee uses AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) method by default. In addition, ZigBee can choose self routing when the sensor is temporarily unable to support AODV due to lack of memory or sudden loss of path. The AODV is a typical request-based routing protocol of an ad hoc network. When the source node generates data to be delivered to the destination node, the source node sends a routing request message (RREQ) to the destination node, and the destination node sends a routing response message (RREP). The path is created by sending) to the source node, and the data is transmitted through the created path.

Hereinafter, the shared beacon-based superframe structure proposed in relation to standardization in IEEE 802.15.4 will be described based on the above-described content in FIG. 1.

1 illustrates a conventional shared beacon based superframe structure.

IEEE 802.15.4 includes a definition of a joining portion between a Zigbee Coordinator (ZC) and a Zigbee Router (ZR) or Zigbee End Device (ZED) in one hop period. In the 2-hop interval, the concept of a network is required and the specification provided by the Zigbee Alliance is referred to. In the network section, path information is inevitably required. For this purpose, a routing control packet may be used. It will be described in more detail below.

As shown in FIG. 1, a superframe includes a beacon interval (BI) section 12 based on a beacon order (BO) value and a superframe duration based on a superframe order (SO) value. (SD; Superframe Duration) is divided into a period (14). In the superframe duration section 14, the active area is divided into 16 slots 13 regardless of the size of the beacon frame interval, and also shared beacon only period (BOP) 16, CAP (Contention) It is divided into an Access Period (18), a Contention Free Period (CFP) 20 / Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) 22, and the like.

The shared beacon section (BOP) 16 may be a section for transmitting a beacon frame between the Zigbee Coordinator (ZC) and the plurality of Zigbee Routers (ZR). The beacon frame may be sent by the coordinator and may include information about network information, frame structure, and notification of unknown node messages. The shared beacon period may transmit a beacon frame regardless of the CSMA. The final packet address may be a Zigbee terminal device, and since a plurality of beacon frames are synchronized in one superframe, all devices in the WPAN network may transmit and receive data using the same superframe structure.

In the WPAN, the existing Quality of Service (QoS) scheme may be divided into a CAP (competition section) 18 and a CFP (non-competition section) 20. The competition-based MAC protocol scheme (CSMA scheme) using the CAP 18 section pre-specifies one or more time slots that can be used for each group by classifying a plurality of nodes belonging to a network into one or more groups, and each node is allocated. Random access is performed to reduce collisions among nodes in the same group among the received slots. Specifically, the contention-based MAC protocol uses a method of observing phenomena when idle and sending observation results to neighboring nodes when idle. In the idle state, the sensor nodes observe the phenomena, store the observed data in a buffer inside the sensor node, and then attempt to send the observed data to neighboring nodes when their communication is idle. do. In the step of sending data to neighboring nodes, the sensor nodes perform a carrier sensing process. Neighboring sensor nodes can detect the occupancy of the media by sending various control packets to detect whether the neighboring nodes currently occupy the media and to secure the data to be transmitted through the carrier detection process. Will send. Therefore, when neighboring sensor nodes try to send observations at the same time, contention occurs to occupy the medium, which leads to a collision, which leads to an unnecessary process of retransmitting the observations.

On the other hand, the scheduling-based MAC protocol method (TDMA method) using the CFP 20 section requires a plurality of nodes to use the GTS 22 section from the Zigbee coordinator (network coordinator) in order to use the GTS (22) section Use it after receiving an assignment. Scheduling-based MAC protocols can solve problems with contention-based MAC protocols by sending and receiving data according to a predetermined plan. These scheduling-based MAC protocols perform a scheduling task for when to always communicate prior to the communication between the sensor node and the node. Through this process, each sensor node confirms the communication time about when to communicate with all the neighboring nodes, and determines the communication time, and then repeats the stop state and idle state according to the predetermined schedule. Send and receive In other words, if there is no communication schedule with the sensor nodes at the current time, the sensor node maintains the state of the sensor node in the stopped state. If the current time is the time for communication, the sensor node is idle. To change the state. Therefore, all sensor nodes that are not scheduled to communicate at that time will be in a quiescent state, so data packets are lost due to collisions and result in retransmissions, like contention-based MAC protocols, when sensor nodes transmit and receive data in idle state. This can prevent unnecessary waste of battery power in advance. However, there is a problem that a scheduling operation for determining a communication time between sensor nodes must be performed. In this process, sensor nodes have to establish communication time with all neighboring sensor nodes. As the number and quantity of control packets used in this process increases, the more battery power is consumed, the more competition The performance may be worse than that of the MAC protocol. On the other hand, contention-based MAC protocols compete for sensor nodes to receive data from neighboring sensor nodes after receiving data from neighboring sensor nodes, and all sensor nodes strive to deliver data to the sink node as soon as possible, The delay time for transmitting a data packet from a source node to a sink node that observes a particular phenomenon may be shorter than that of a schedule-based MAC protocol. However, the scheduling-based MAC protocol promises time to communicate with all neighboring nodes and performs communication accordingly. Therefore, even if data is received from any sensor node, if it has to wait a considerable time to deliver data to the next sensor node, it must inevitably wait until the communication time promised with the neighboring sensor node, which is the delay time from the source node to the sink node. Will increase.

As described above, the above-described conventional methods use the data region of the superframe, and are influenced by bandwidth during congestion, and are basically collected in the WPAN environment in which the transmission rate is limited to about 256 Kbps. There is a limit to providing differentiated services according to the importance of In addition, services that require latency, jitter, and bandwidth guarantees for data such as video, video, and high-quality audio can cause many service degradations in terms of QoS.

Therefore, by including QoS in the beacon frame in the shared beacon period and transmitted, there is a need to support efficient QoS according to the importance of the data packet.

The present invention provides a method for providing a QoS using a shared beacon interval, provides a differentiated service according to the importance of the packet by including the QoS information in the beacon frame in the shared beacon interval, and due to bandwidth contention and higher routing layer intervention The purpose is to solve the transmission delay problem.

In addition, the QoS included in the beacon frame reduces the latency of data transmission during congestion and takes appropriate measures for efficient data packet transmission and events occurring in nodes according to priorities. have.

In order to achieve the above object, in the QoS providing method using the shared beacon period according to an embodiment of the present invention, a first node, which is a terminal device, is a QoS (Quality of Service) in a beacon frame in a shared beacon period (BOP). And transmitting information to the upper node, and if the upper node is a coordinator node, the coordinator node reads information about QoS in the payload of the beacon frame of the first node, and Reading the status information to perform a predetermined operation according to the event.

In a method for providing QoS using a shared beacon period according to an embodiment of the present invention, a first node, which is a terminal device, provides information about a quality of service (QoS) to a payload of a beacon frame in a shared beacon period (BOP). (A) transmitting a second node, which is included in the router, and reading a field including information on QoS included in the payload of the beacon frame to determine whether information on QoS exists. b) and if there is information on QoS as a result of the determination, the second node determines whether it is the final destination node, and if not, the information about QoS to the payload of its beacon frame. (C) step of transmitting to its parent node and if the parent node is the coordinator node, the coordinator node reads information about QoS in the payload of the beacon frame of the second node, Reads the state information for the event occurred in DE includes (d) performing a predetermined operation according to an event.

According to the QoS providing method using the shared beacon period of the present invention has the following advantages.

First, by including QoS information in a beacon frame in the shared beacon period and transmitting, there is an advantage that can solve the problem of collision and retransmission due to the conventional bandwidth competition and the transmission time delay problem due to higher routing layer intervention.

Second, through the QoS included in the beacon frame, unnecessary waste of battery power and congestion of the conventional node reduces data transmission delay time, and an event occurring in the node according to efficient data packet transmission and priority There is also the advantage of taking appropriate action.

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will be apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various different forms, and only the embodiments make the disclosure of the present invention complete, and the general knowledge in the art to which the present invention belongs. It is provided to fully inform the person having the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

2 illustrates a structure of a beacon frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the sensor network, the payload of the beacon frame may include information on differentiated QoS and may be transmitted in a shared beacon period (BOP), thereby implementing efficient QoS. That is, by including QoS in the beacon frame in the shared beacon period and transmitting it, it is possible to solve the problem of network bandwidth (resource) consumption due to the existing routing management message and the message for GTS interval management. Thus, efficient QoS service between sink nodes can be provided from the sensor node. For this purpose, the beacon frame structure (format) of FIG. 2 is proposed.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the beacon frame format, the payload of the beacon frame may include a QoS information field 202 including information about QoS. The information on the QoS may include at least one of a node location where an event occurs, state information on an event, priority, and control information. It will be described in more detail below.

The QoS information field 202 may include a field 204 for the node's location information and an Expedited Forwarding (EF) field 206.

Here, the field 204 for the position information of the node indicates the position of the node where the event (emergency situation) occurred. Here, the position information of the predetermined node may be displayed in 2 bytes.

In addition, the EF field 206 may include a first field 206a including QoS control information and a second field 206b including QoS data information. The QoS control information of the first field 206a may include values for delay bound, jitter bound, and the like. Jitter is a measure of the variation in latency for successive transmissions, and the quality of streaming applications such as sound is greatly affected by delay jitter. In addition, the QoS data information of the second field 206b may include state information on an event.

3 illustrates status information and priority information on an event according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3, the QoS data information of the second field 206b may include the state information 210 for the event, and the priority 212 may be included in each state information 210. Can be granted to ensure transmission / reception quality of high priority data. The state information 210 may include information on fire, intrusion, crime, smoke, collision, etc., and priority 212 according to each state information. Can be given.

The above-described QoS information may be included in the payload of the beacon frame and transmitted in the shared beacon period, and the beacon frame may be transmitted to a predetermined node at a predetermined time and speed according to the QoS control information.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the priority of data transmitted by a predetermined node is transmitted by including information on QoS in the payload of a beacon frame periodically transmitted for synchronization between nodes. ), It is possible to transmit the event and the location information of the node to the sink node with high transmission quality. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem of collision and retransmission due to the conventional contention bandwidth and transmission time delay problem due to higher routing layer intervention. It will be described in more detail below.

4 shows an example of downlink dynamic routing and QoS provision according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows that the router includes information about QoS in a beacon frame to use the downlink dynamic routing process and QoS of FIG. This is a flow chart to transmit. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a QoS providing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described using a Zigbee wireless communication protocol as an example, but it is not limited thereto.

When transmitting a beacon frame, the Zigbee coordinator and the Zigbee router may set an address value that can be used by the node to be added to the payload of the beacon frame. Here, the shared beacon section (BOP) may be a section for transmitting the beacon frame. The plurality of nodes may recognize an address value through information included in the beacon frame. In addition, as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 3, the beacon frame may be periodically transmitted to the shared beacon period (BOP) by including information on QoS in the payload of the beacon frame.

For example, when a predetermined node, which is a Zigbee terminal device, broadcasts information about QoS in the payload of a beacon frame, the neighbor node receiving the beacon frame receives the payload of the beacon frame including information about QoS. A predetermined field in the load may be read, and if there is information on the QoS, the information about the QoS may be copied to the payload of the beacon frame, and the beacon frame may be transmitted to its parent (parent) node. If the QoS information does not exist, the QoS information is not included and transmitted separately.

Here, the beacon frame may be transmitted according to a specified speed and time by reading the above-described QoS control information, and the transmission / reception quality of data having high priority may be guaranteed with reference to the priority. That is, a priority node has a comparative advantage in competition with other nodes, thereby increasing the transmission probability of the beacon frame.

As shown in FIG. 4, in downlink dynamic routing according to an embodiment of the present invention, the node E 402, which is a Zigbee terminal device, determines the Node B 404 as a Zigbee router to join through a scan. . In operation S501, the node E 402 performs a join request to the node B 404.

The node B 404 transmits an address value (short address) to be used by the node E 402 in the beacon frame (S502). Here, the node E 402 may use (recognize) an address value included in the beacon frame as its address. Node B 404 may also include information about QoS in the beacon frame to ensure QoS. For reference, a device generating a beacon (frame) may be generated by a coordinator (node) or a router (node), and the coordinator is connected to a router when the terminal device (or end node) is directly connected to the coordinator. The router can guarantee QoS. On the other hand, the Node B 404 transmits the address value to be used by the newly connected Node E 402 in the payload of the beacon frame, so that the Node E 402 includes the address included in the beacon frame when the beacon frame is received. To use. The Zigbee coordinator and the Zigbee router may store the address value in the routing table. The address value may have a value sequentially increased for each node or may be empty to use a network address hole.

Next, Node B 404, which is a Zigbee router, stores the join request information of Node E 402, which has requested a join, in a routing table, and then sends an address assignment update request packet (message) to Node A 406, which is a Zigbee coordinator. To transmit (S503).

Next, when the node A 406 receives the address allocation update request packet including the information of the node E 402 to join, the node A 406 stores the information of the node E 402 in the routing table (S504).

The node A 406 considers the address value currently assigned to the node E 402 and the information (address value) stored in the routing table, and then accepts a join for the address value requested by the node B 404, which is a Zigbee router. Determine (S505). Specifically, node A 406 compares the stored address value with the address value assigned to node E 402 through a routing table lookup, and then sends the network to node B 404 via an address assignment update response packet. Send a response to whether the join is approved (whether or not the requested address is used). Here, the Node B 404 receiving the address assignment update response packet from the Node A 406 may check the address assignment response status. If there is no collision in the address value, a separate additional command is not transmitted to the Zigbee terminal device (for example, the node E 404) that attempted the join (that is, no re-confirmation of the network join is required). The node E 404 recognizes the address value transmitted by the node B 404 as its own address and completes the join.

If the Zigbee coordinator node A 406 transmits an address assignment update response packet, if there is a conflict between the address value assigned to the node E 404 and the stored address value through a routing table lookup, a new (modified) The address value may be transmitted (assigned) to the Node B 404, which is a Zigbee router (S506).

In this case, in order to reset the new address value to the node E 402, the node B 404 transmits a reassignment request packet for address allocation to the node E 402 which is a Zigbee terminal device (S507). .

Next, the node E 402, which receives the reassignment request packet from the node B 404, recognizes (sets) a new address value as its own address, and thus an address conflict problem can be solved (S508). Therefore, the node E 402 is assigned a short address using a beacon frame to join the existing (sensor) network, and can reduce the loss due to the conventional route request message.

6 is a flowchart of guaranteeing QoS by including QoS in a payload of a beacon frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Subsequently, after the routing path is established through the process of FIG. 5, the node E 402 in which the predetermined event occurs includes the QoS information in the payload of the beacon frame in the shared beacon period, thereby informing the node B 404. To transmit (S601). The information on the QoS may include at least one of a node location where an event occurs, state information on an event, priority, and control information.

Next, the node B 404 reads a field including information on QoS included in the payload of the beacon frame received from the node E 402 and determines whether information on QoS is present (S602). For example, if there is information on the QoS of the node where the event occurred, the value of the field may be indicated as 1, if not present, the value of the field may be indicated as 0 (zero) and the value of 1 is read. If so, the Node B 404 determines that information about the QoS of the node exists.

Next, if there is information on QoS as a result of the determination, the Node B 404 copies the information about QoS to the payload of its beacon frame and transmits the information about QoS to its higher node (S603). Here, the Node B 404 determines whether it is the final destination node, and if it is not the final destination node, the Node B 404 may copy information about QoS to the payload of its beacon frame and transmit it to its higher node. Determination of whether or not it is the final destination node may be determined based on information (eg, address information) about the final destination node of the routing table. For reference, in another embodiment, when the Node B 404 receives a beacon frame including information about QoS from a plurality of nodes where an event occurs, the Node B 404 reads a field including information about QoS to provide information on QoS. On the basis of the included priority, information on QoS of the node having the highest priority may be preferentially copied to the payload of the beacon frame and transmitted to its higher node.

Next, Node A 406, which is the parent of Node B 404, reads information about the QoS of Node E 402 transmitted via Node B 404, and is generated at Node E 402. A predetermined operation according to the event is performed (S604). For example, if it is determined that a fire has occurred in the node E 402, the node A 406 notifies the police of event information of the node E 402 transmitted via the node B 404. You can take action. Therefore, by including QoS information in the beacon frame in the shared beacon period, it is possible to provide a differentiated service according to the importance of the packet.

According to the method proposed by the present invention according to the above method, even in a traffic congestion between the node E (402) and Node A (406), by transmitting a beacon frame including QoS in the shared beacon interval (BOP), differentiated QoS service is available.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. I can understand that. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive.

1 illustrates a conventional shared beacon based superframe structure.

2 illustrates a structure of a beacon frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 illustrates status information and priority information on an event according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 illustrates an example of downlink dynamic routing and QoS provision according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart in which a router includes information about QoS in a beacon frame to use the downlink dynamic routing process and QoS of FIG. 4.

6 is a flowchart of a QoS providing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols on main parts of the drawings>

202: QoS information field

204: field for location information of a node

206: Expedited Forwarding (EF) field

402: Zigbee terminal device

404: Zigbee Router

406: Zigbee coordinator

Claims (8)

Transmitting, by a first node, which is a terminal device, to a higher node by including information on a quality of service (QoS) in a beacon frame in a beacon only period (BOP); If the upper node is a coordinator node, the coordinator node reads the information on the QoS in the payload of the beacon frame of the first node, and reads the state information on the event that occurred in the first node to determine according to the event. A method for providing QoS using a shared beacon period, comprising performing an operation. The method of claim 1, The information on the QoS is information included in the payload of the beacon frame, QoS providing method using a shared beacon period. The method of claim 2, The information on QoS includes at least one of a node location where an event occurs, status information on an event, priority, and control information. (A) transmitting, by a first node, which is a terminal device, in a payload of a beacon frame to a second node, which is a router, in a payload of a beacon frame in a shared beacon period (BOP); (B) the second node reading a field including information on the QoS included in the payload of the beacon frame to determine whether information on the QoS is present; As a result of the determination, when the information on the QoS exists, the second node determines whether the node is the final destination node, and if not, the second node copies the information on the QoS to the payload of its beacon frame. (C) transmitting to a higher node of the network; And If the upper node is a coordinator node, the coordinator node reads the information on the QoS in the payload of the beacon frame of the second node, and reads the state information on the event that occurred in the first node, and according to the event (D) performing an operation, the QoS providing method using a shared beacon interval. The method of claim 4, wherein When the second node receives a beacon frame including information about the QoS from a plurality of nodes where an event occurs, the second node reads a field including the information about the QoS to determine the priority included in the information about the QoS. On the basis, the QoS providing method using the shared beacon interval to transmit the information on the QoS of the node of the highest priority, preferentially to the payload of the beacon frame to its higher node. The method of claim 4, wherein Receiving, by the second node, an join request from the first node; The second node including the first address value to be used by the first node and information on QoS to be included in the payload of the beacon frame and transmitting to the first node; And And a second beacon receiving a response packet from the coordinator node as to whether or not the first node accepts the join and establishing a routing path from the coordinator node to the first node. QoS providing method using a. The method of claim 6, And comparing, by the coordinator node, the first address value assigned to the first node with the address value stored in the coordinator node to determine whether to accept the join. 4. The method of claim 7, wherein Transmitting, by the coordinator node, a response packet including a second address value to the second node when the first address value and the address value stored in the coordinator node collide with each other; And And providing, by the second node, the second address value in the beacon frame and transmitting the second address value to the first node to reassign the second address value to the first node. Way.

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