KR100885618B1 - The plastic or rubber spacer for sealed glass unit and its manufacturing system, the structure of sealed glass unit using this spacer - Google Patents

Abstract

An insulating glass structure applying a spacer is provided to have excellent impact absorption and dispersibility, to block completely steam and gas and to be applied easily at curve section or corner section. A protrusion(2) of concave or convex type is formed in a traverse direction continuously or discontinuously or a protrusion parallel to the longitudinal direction and a protrusion perpendicular with the longitudinal direction are formed in a spacer. One or more of absorbent, inner gas shield sheet, outer gas shield sheet or spacer tensile strength intensifier are included inside the spacer. The spacer tensile strength intensifier comprises one or greater of tension fiber, metal line(4) or in-plane fiber. The spacer comprises foaming in material consisting of synthetic resin or organic/inorganic composite or rubber.

Description

The plastic or rubber spacer for sealed glass unit and its manufacturing system, the structure of sealed glass unit using this spacer}

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer glass structure and a spacer using a synthetic resin or a rubber spacer and a spacer for the laminated glass, and more specifically, a processing problem and a tensile force at the corner portion of the laminated glass that is a problem when using a conventional synthetic resin or rubber spacer The long-term durability is solved by solving the problem of the increase of the spacer by the problem, the durability by the load and impact, the problem of outflow of gas and water vapor into the multilayer glass, and the method of manufacturing the spacer and the multilayer glass using the spacer It is about a structure.

Modern buildings maintain an airtight interior by using products with excellent insulation in the building to save energy.

However, the more heat-induced heat and humidity of the building, the more effective it is to maintain the heat and humidity of the room. On the contrary, the humidity and the corrosiveness of the room increase, and condensation of moisture occurs when moisture in the room air contacts low temperature parts such as glass or walls. do.

This condensation has not occurred badly in buildings with poor airtightness in the past, and if the temperature difference between inside and outside is high and the saturated water vapor pressure in the air is high, unless the ventilation is performed, the specific temperature in the room where the temperature difference is most severe Condensation will necessarily occur.

In general, the window glass has a higher thermal conductivity than the thermal insulators used in buildings (Table 1), and thus, the thermal conductivity and thermal insulation properties of the thermal insulator for building are inferior, and condensation is most likely to occur.

In order to improve the heat insulating properties of the window glass, most of the laminated glass being used is insulated by injecting inert gas, which is superior to dry air or air, and hardly generates convection, and includes a moisture absorbent inside the spacer. Improving properties.

In order to secure more excellent thermal insulation, there is a method of increasing the number of glass plates of the laminated glass or installing a vacuum laminated glass in the insulating laminated glass to block heat conduction and convection. As a conventional technology for such a multilayer glass structure, it is described in detail in the international patent (application number: PCT / JP1997 / 003172, Korean Patent Registration 10-0461088).

According to the patent, the heat transmission rate in the case of laminated glass enclosed in dry air is about 3.0 to 4.0 kcal / m 2 hr ° C, which is different from the heat transmission rate of the insulation wall material used in the construction. Or by inserting a vacuum insulating glass is proposed a method for improving the heat transmission rate of the multilayer glass structure.

However, there is a problem of increased cost and weight due to vacuum glass or triple glass, film formation for the improvement of insulation, and excessive temperature difference between inside and outside the glass may cause the glass to break.

In modern buildings with improved sealing, the problem of condensation is more serious than the degree of insulation in double-glazed glass.

The heat transmission rate through the entire glass structure is expressed as the sum of the heat transmission rate through the surface area of the glass and the heat transmission rate through the surface area of the spacer. Therefore, the spacer occupies a relatively smaller area than the glass area, and thus the spacer having excellent thermal insulation effect is used. Even though the insulation effect due to the spacer in the whole glass structure is relatively less effective.

The problem is that when a metal material such as aluminum having high thermal conductivity is used as the spacer material, condensation occurs from the glass portion to which the spacer is bonded by a thermal bridge phenomenon.

If the indoor temperature in winter is much higher than the outdoor and the water vapor pressure in the room is high, the heat in the room is transferred to the outdoor, among which the aluminum spacer, whose thermal conductivity is significantly higher than other building materials, moves the most heat to the same area. Will be.

As a result, the temperature of the glass part of the room where the spacer is bonded is rapidly cooled, and when the dew point is formed by contacting the part of the rapidly cooled glass with warm air having a high vapor pressure, condensation of moisture from this part (condensation phenomenon) This occurs, and as time passes, the cooling portion of the glass expands and the range of condensation expands. (Figure 31)

As such, a metal spacer or a spacer containing a metal material has a fundamental problem in dew condensation in a multilayer glass application.

In addition, aluminum spacers in use generally have a higher modulus of elasticity (26 GPa), Young's modulus (70 GPa), and hardness, which are less favorable than plastics to mitigate or disperse impacts on glass. It can cause glass breakage, and it can reduce the durability of glass by absorbing the expansion and contraction of glass due to temperature change, and it can reduce the durability of glass, and when used without removing the strong oxide film formed on the aluminum surface, Adhesion with the sealing material is degraded, and a gap between the aluminum and the glass may occur to cause the inflow and outflow of water vapor and gas.

In addition, in the case of using a metal spacer, there is an inconvenient disadvantage in that the water absorbent should be put into the metal spacer tube and sealed through a separate process.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the metal spacer, there is a metal-synthetic resin composite, synthetic resin or rubber.

Typical products include spacers made of thermoplastic resins, spacers made of silicone rubber or ethylene propylene rubber, and spacers composed of metal and synthetic resin.

Synthetic resins and rubber products used as spacers should have long-term thermal insulation properties, water absorption, chemical resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, elasticity, shock absorption and dispersion properties, and low permanent compressive strain, as well as water vapor and gas shielding properties.

In other words, the thermal conductivity must be low for the thermal insulation properties, water vapor absorption needs the ability to absorb water as well as water and a fast absorption rate, resistant to alkalis and acids, has heat resistance and cold resistance resistant to temperature shocks It has elastic deformation characteristics that can be restored according to the thermal expansion and contraction of the glass, and has viscoelasticity and layer millielasticity that can absorb and disperse a wide range of impacts due to the weight of the glass and various wind pressures. The gas permeability should be minimized because of low pressure, low compressive strain and low solubility and diffusion coefficient of the material itself.

In terms of thermal conductivity, synthetic resins and rubber products are superior to metals. However, by forming an air or gas layer having the lowest thermal conductivity in the material for lower thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity may be lowered, thereby improving heat insulation and condensation. Foaming methods that artificially form an air layer inside the material include chemical foaming, physical foaming agents (gas injection foaming), and water foaming, and the proportion of gases with low thermal conductivity expanded inside rubber or plastic may be high. The lower the thermal conductivity of the spacer, the better the thermal conductivity can be easily adjusted by adjusting the foaming ratio.

Rubber and plastic spacers are produced by mixing and extruding moisture absorbents during the spacer manufacturing process, and there is no need to add additional water absorbents in the multilayer glass manufacturing process, which has the advantage of significantly reducing the production process. In the multilayer glass, gaseous water vapor absorption is more important than liquid water absorption. Therefore, water vapor generated in the multilayer glass must penetrate the rubber or plastic material and be quickly adsorbed to the water absorbent in the material.

The spacer is used for the part where the temperature difference between inside and outside changes rapidly. Therefore, the spacer should have the characteristics of heat resistance and cold resistance to withstand temperature shock, and the bond strength between molecules is easily weakened by repeated volume expansion and contraction due to temperature shock. It should not deteriorate.

Thermosetting silicone rubber is the material that satisfies these factors most, and other materials such as thermoplastic rubber and EPDM having the characteristics of thermoplastic resin and rubber may be used.

Thermoplastic resin does not return to its original shape when it is deformed by deformation energy such as external heat or other factors.However, thermosetting silicone rubber retains its original shape when external energy is removed. The bond (silicon-oxygen bond) is excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance and UV resistance due to its high binding energy (about 128 kcal / mole) and thus has long-term durability in extreme environments.

In addition, the bond angle of silicon-oxygen molecules is very large (130-170 °), and the free volume (indices of polymer energy density and mobility of molecules) is large, so that silicone rubber can be used over a wide range of temperatures. It has the flexibility of

Due to such a large bonding angle and atomic size, high gas and water vapor transmission occurs, and silicone rubber has the highest water vapor transmission rate of 15 to 25 grams / day / sq.meter, which is the highest among rubber types.

Moisture or water vapor that may be generated in the laminated glass must be rapidly absorbed into the spacer.

Water vapor in contact with the surface of the spacer penetrates into the interior of the spacer through a diffusion effect, and is adsorbed by a moisture absorbent having excellent adsorption power. The diffusion coefficient of water vapor or gas increases as the molecular bonding angle and free volume of the permeate material increases.

Therefore, silicon spacers have the advantage of being able to absorb water vapor that can be generated in the laminated glass most quickly into the spacer.

For long-term thermal insulation of laminated glass, there should be no leakage of dry air or inert gas into glass.

Therefore, the spacer must have the characteristics of gas permeation adsorption ability to absorb water vapor in the multilayer glass and completely prevent leakage to the outside.

Compared to metals, synthetic resins and rubber have very high gas and water vapor transmission rates compared to the same thickness.

In order to prevent gas permeation, currently used synthetic resins or silicone rubber spacers are provided with a gas permeation film on the outer surface of the spacer to control the inflow and outflow of gas and water vapor at the glass surface adhesion part (spacer side part) and the spacer front part. Such a gas permeation prevention film is laminated with multiple layers of a synthetic resin film having excellent gas barrier rate, or a composite of a synthetic resin film and a synthetic resin film deposited with a metal film such as aluminum.

The gas permeability of synthetic resins depends on the binding force of molecules, free volume (free volume), crystallinity, molecular orientation, ambient temperature and humidity. The gas permeation barrier of a polymer containing an amide group, an ester group, a phenylene group, an ether group, and the like, for example, nylon and polyester, is very good, and polyvinylidene chloride containing a chloro group, a hydroxyl group, and a cyano group (PVDC) ), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), acrylonitrile (PAN) and the like are also good.

In addition to the composite of the gas permeation prevention film, a method of forming a coating film on a spacer by combining a stress relaxation film (US Pat. No. 7,378,157) or a mixture of a metal oxide, an inorganic binder, and silica (Korean Utility Model 20-0372579), etc. This is described.

In the case of metal, gas permeability can be reduced to zero even in a completely thin state, but in reality, gas permeation occurs due to pinholes or deformation during rolling or deposition. In order to achieve zero gas permeation in a thin film state, the coefficient of linear expansion of the synthetic resin film is small, the shrinkage difference in M / D, T / D direction is small, the temperature characteristics are good, and the factors such as adhesion affinity and flatness between materials to be bonded There should be no problem at all.

The problem is that the gas permeability cannot be reduced by forming a synthetic resin film, an aluminum vapor-deposited synthetic resin film, a coating film, etc., and the production process of such a gas barrier film, an application process of multilayer glass, and the weight and impact applied to the multilayer glass in the long term. Consideration should be given to the generation of pinholes due to stretching of spacers and gas barrier films by external environmental and physical factors.

In fact, when the multilayer glass of the spacer is applied, bending stress may be generated in the spacer at the edge of the multilayer glass, and pinholes may be generated in the metal foil due to the elongation of the spacer due to the tensile force. The weight and repeated impact of the laminated glass are applied to the spacer, whereby pinholes of metal foil are generated, and outflow and outflow of gas and water vapor are generated.

In addition, there is a pressure difference inside and outside the spacer due to dry air or inert gas injected into the multilayer glass, and due to such extreme pressure difference, temperature difference, and humidity difference, the moment to maintain the pressure balance, temperature balance, and humidity balance inside and outside the glass. Is generated, and even small pinholes may cause a lower barrier property than in a normal environment.

Therefore, the water vapor and gas shielding of synthetic resin spacers that require long-term durability should have shielding characteristics in consideration of these physical and environmental factors.

Synthetic resins and rubber spacers produced by extrusion method have advantages in many aspects such as insulation, impact absorption, productivity, etc., compared with metal spacers and thermoplastic spacers, but have disadvantages in terms of durability and gas permeation shielding characteristics. have.

Thermoplastic organic plastic spacers in particular have a fundamental problem with durability. These problems cannot easily be followed by the increase and displacement of the sealing material due to the bending, thermal expansion, and shrinkage of the glass, so they are easily deteriorated, the glass surface becomes dirty due to the generation and condensation of volatile gases, and the enclosed inert gas. Can leak quickly.

The rubber material, especially the silicon spacer, can be followed in accordance with the curvature and displacement of the glass, and based on the inorganic material, has excellent heat resistance and durability, and does not deteriorate well.

However, rubber products are easily stretched by tensile stress, and the crystallization of rubber occurs rapidly in the state where the elongation is continuously maintained (the tensile stress is maintained), and this crystallization increases the stiffness and loses elasticity. The temperature change added here is due to the brittleness of the rubber.

Silicone rubbers and EPDM rubbers are produced in continuous operation and, when applied between laminated glass, significant tensile stresses are applied for the straightness of the spacers in the glass.

In addition, when excessive weight or wind pressure of the glass applied to the spacer is repeated, the binding force between particles of the spacer material is weakened, and the weakened bonding force has lower limit compressive strength and limit tensile strength and accelerate physical properties. Weakened. In addition to external force energy, synthetic resins and rubbers also weaken their physical properties by a number of factors such as ultraviolet rays, chemicals, and temperature changes. Due to the nature of the laminated glass, there is no temporal change in the weight of the glass itself, so that at least the weight of the glass is always applied to the spacer for a long time, so the spacer must have a sufficiently large physical property to have long term durability in view of all these factors.

In addition, in order to minimize the bending radius at the corner portion when applying the multilayer glass of the continuous extrusion method of synthetic resin or rubber, there is a process problem that the corner portion spacer must be cut out. (Fig. 32) When used without cutting corners, continuous excessive tensile stress is generated at the curved portion and rapid deterioration occurs.

In addition, if the angle is not formed at the corners and is processed with a gentle curve, it is not good aesthetic view.

Even if only the edge portion is cut out, the tensile stress applied for the straightness of the spacer is inevitably applied to the edge spacer portion having a relatively thin thickness.

Finally, the method of connection at the corners is difficult. Metal spacers can be easily connected by using corner keys when they are bent due to strong bending strength, but spacers such as synthetic resins or rubbers have difficulty in connecting because they have weak bending strength.

Laminated glass essentially requires long term durability.

Synthetic resins or rubber spacers that can compensate for the major disadvantages of the thermal insulation and condensation of the existing metal spacers are weak in physical properties, water vapor and gas shielding properties, and long-term durability. There is concern about deterioration of characteristics.

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the thermal insulation properties and condensation prevention properties, which are advantages of synthetic resins or rubber spacers, and to secure long-term durability, which is a disadvantage, to increase the physical strength of compression and tensile strength, and to excellent shock absorption and dispersibility. The present invention provides a synthetic resin or rubber spacer which can completely block water vapor and gas, and can be easily applied to curved or corner portions, and a method of producing the spacer, and a multilayer glass structure using the spacer.

In order to solve the said technical subject, the spacer of this invention and its manufacturing method are shown, and it is comprised as follows.

The present invention is a spacer made of a synthetic resin or rubber or organic-inorganic composite, and the concave or convex protrusions are formed continuously or discontinuously in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, or the protrusions and the longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal direction. It includes a vertical protrusion, and the cross section may be formed into a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a star, or a polygon.

The spacer may include foaming in a material made of synthetic resin or rubber or an organic / inorganic composite, and the foaming imparts an air layer or a gas layer through a chemical foaming agent or a water foaming agent, a gas, a catalyst, and a bubble forming material.

In addition, the spacer includes at least one of an absorbent, an inner gas shielding sheet, an outer gas shielding sheet, or a spacer tensile strength enhancer therein.

Wherein the absorbent comprises at least one of moisture, water vapor absorbers, and gas absorbers, the inner gas shielding sheet comprises at least one of synthetic resins or metals, or a spacer tensile strength enhancer, such as a tension fiber, stainless steel wire, sheet fiber sheet or It may include one or more of the metal wires.

In addition, the external gas shielding sheet may be formed of a first metal layer, a synthetic resin layer and a second metal layer, and may form irregularities on the surface of the synthetic resin layer and form a first metal layer along the surface thereof, and a second surface on the back surface thereof. A metal layer can also be formed. In addition, it is also preferable to include a coating layer or a laminating layer on the surface of the first or second metal layer of the outer gas shielding sheet, in order to increase the efficiency of the outer gas shielding sheet can be used by stacking a plurality of outer gas shielding sheet of the structure. have.

The spacer of the above structure may be applied to a multilayer glass structure, and a corner key may be used to form the multilayer glass structure.

In addition, the spacer may be manufactured as follows.

A method of manufacturing a spacer comprising a projection formed in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or a projection parallel to the longitudinal direction and a projection perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the method comprising: (1) introducing a synthetic resin or rubber into an extruder cylinder; ; (2) extruding the introduced synthetic resin or rubber through the head and the die of the extruder; (3) forming a protrusion by mounting the synthetic resin or rubber material that has passed through the die in a vertical or horizontal movement, or forming a protrusion by passing through a roller having a protrusion formed therein, and being introduced into the extrusion cylinder. The method may further include forming bubbles in the synthetic resin or rubber by a chemical foaming agent or a water foaming agent, a gas, a catalyst, and a bubble forming material. In addition, the synthetic resin or rubber introduced into the extrusion cylinder may include at least one of an absorbent, an inner gas shielding sheet, an outer gas shielding sheet, or a spacer tensile strength enhancer, and the spacer by the manufacturing method may be applied to a multilayer glass structure. have.

As described above, the present invention relates to a spacer and a spacer production method for securing long-term durability, which is a problem with synthetic resins and rubber spacers used in multilayer glass, and to manufacturing a multilayer glass structure using the spacer.

When applied to laminated glass, synthetic resins or rubber spacers with concave and various protrusions in the transverse direction are used to increase the yield point of the spacer itself and to increase the yield point of the tensile strength, thereby enhancing physical properties and absorbing shock and load absorption. By including a tension-reinforcing fiber or planar body in the spacer, it provides convenience when using the spacer at the corner of the existing multilayer glass, prevents deterioration of the spacer due to tensile stress, and prevents water vapor and gas permeation. The use of a metal composite film prevents gas flow into and out of the glass even after long-term use, thereby maintaining the advantages of synthetic resins and rubbers, and complementing the shortcomings without condensation, excellent thermal insulation properties, and long-lasting durability. Contributes to energy savings can do.

In addition, when processing corners of existing synthetic resins or rubber spacers, there is no need for the production process to cut out a part, and since fiber or metal wires are included in the spacers, there is an advantage in the process of easily connecting the spacers at one corner, thus reducing production costs. This is possible.

The multilayer glass structure to which the spacer is applied has long-term heat resistance, has no condensation, and has no long-term durability because there is no risk of cracking or breaking of the glass due to load absorption.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, and it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments do not limit the invention.

Spacer and production method, the multilayer glass structure for achieving the object of the invention has the following features.

The spacer according to the present invention is composed of synthetic resin or rubber elastic material 24 as a basic material, and includes a water absorbent 57 therein, and a plurality of concave protrusions 2, 6, 7, 59 are formed in the longitudinal direction. 60 is formed at right angles 61 (hereinafter referred to as "lateral direction"), and on the opposite side that has a part of both sides and a protruding shape, the adhesive or adhesive films 3 and 5 for preventing gas and water vapor permeation are formed. It has a form that is attached or adhered to the spacer. For adhesion or adhesion with glass, an adhesive film or pressure-sensitive adhesive may be further adhered to both sides of the films 3 and 5 to prevent inert gas in the glass from leaking to the sides. (FIGS. 14, 1, 2, 3, 4)

In addition, the bottom side of the spacer has a structure in which a fiber or stainless steel wire having a high tensile strength is inserted in the longitudinal direction (4) or a planar fiber (8). (Figures 1 and 8)

(FIG. 1) is a perspective view seen from the top of the spacer in three dimensions.

First, the spacer 1 is made of synthetic fibers or rubber such as thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins, and can be used by foaming the material.

However, a thermosetting resin which does not lose its shape even after external deformation is applied after curing is preferred, and a silicone rubber having an elastic foam and having heat resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance, viscoelasticity, and the like is most preferred.

In the form of foam cells, the characteristics of the independent foam cell is superior to the open foam cell. Open foam cells have excellent advantages in noise absorption, but the physical strength of the cells is weak, and the gas flow has a stroke to move easily, so tropical flow easily occurs. The size of the stand-alone foam cell is superior to the thermal insulation properties by controlling the movement of the gas molecules, the smaller the micro-sized cells within the stroke distance of the gas molecules. In addition, although the foaming rate per unit area is the same, the more foam cells, the more the ability to disperse and absorb the impact applied from the outside increases.

The water absorbent 58 uses zeolite or silica gel which can absorb or adsorb water vapor molecules or gas molecules. (Figure 14)

The special shape of the spacer according to the present invention has a fundamental purpose of having durability, which is a disadvantage of synthetic resins or rubber spacers, and convenience of production.

When installing a spacer of a synthetic resin or rubber product, processing of the corner part (Fig. 32) is the most difficult part.

There is an inconvenience in the process of removing a certain portion of the spacer near the corner for the angle treatment of the corner portion, which may affect the physical strength of the shielding film, and also the greatest risk of water vapor and gas permeation. .

Spacers with lateral protrusions according to the present patent have the advantage of being able to be installed on glass without special processes during production. By adjusting the depth and width of the protrusions 2 in accordance with the thickness of the spacer, it is possible to have an optimum bending radius. (FIG. 1, 20)

That is, a thick spacer can solve the problem by deepening the depth of the protrusion or by increasing the width of the protrusion.

The protruding shape in the lateral direction may be implemented in various shapes such as a circle 6, an ellipse, and a rectangle 7. (FIG. 3, FIG. 4)

Synthetic resin or rubber is brittle due to weakening of the binding force between particles when the deformation state due to tensile stress or compression stress is sustained by the sustained external energy. Rubber has viscoelasticity to absorb external forces and Young's modulus, repulsive elasticity, and thermosetting properties to maintain its shape, but it has a disadvantage of being easily deteriorated by continuous tensile stress or compressive stress.

Although the foam cell itself may contribute to the dispersion of forces or impacts applied from the outside, considering the characteristics of the spacer that requires long-term use, a function that fundamentally compensates for these disadvantages is more necessary.

The spacer used in the glass is likely to increase due to the weight and wind pressure of the glass continuously, the permanent strain is increased over time, the deteriorated spacer may be warped or folded from the middle portion to the inside and outside, Even a slight warpage may create gaps in the bonding surface with the glass, which may cause dry air or inert gas to leak inside the glass.

The protruding spacer essentially improves the durability of the spacer by dispersing externally applied forces.

Fig. 5 shows the dispersion of forces to the spacer of the general form and the spacer having the protrusion.

Since the spacer without protrusion does not disperse external forces, intensive deterioration occurs from the center line portion of the spacer, which is the center of force. When a physical external force above the yield point of the spacer is applied, the spacer is deformed or contracted due to deterioration generated from the center point of the force of the spacer, and the gas inside the glass leaks to the outside through the gap.

Deteriorated spacers have lower compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, and therefore deterioration is accelerated by the same external force. Spacers used in multi-layer glass that require long term durability of 20 years or more must be capable of withstanding several times the weight of the glass, given the impact of wind pressure.

According to the number and thickness of the protrusions, the spacers having protrusions are further strengthened in compressive strength, impact absorption and dispersibility, and bending strength, and the enhancement of the physical strength prevents deterioration of the spacers and enables long-term durability.

In order to prevent the stretching of the spacer due to the tensile force that may occur when installing the spacer which basically strengthened these physical properties in the laminated glass, the patent additionally has a high tensile strength fiber or metal wire (4) planar fibers having a high tensile strength in the spacer. 8) I will suggest a way to solve this problem by inserting a back. (Figures 1 and 6)

Synthetic resins or rubber spacers installed in the multilayer glass are inferior in straightness as compared to aluminum spacers, and therefore, a force to increase the spacers is forced to increase the straightness. When used continuously in the state in which elongation is generated by the tensile force, synthetic resin or rubber may cause a weakening and decomposition of the bonding force. In particular, elastic rubbers exhibit very fragile properties that easily deteriorate and embrittle with constant tensile forces.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent deterioration due to elongation of the rubber by inserting fibers or fibers with high tensile strength.

High tensile fiber is preferably a high molecular weight ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or polyaramid-based polymer fibers, the metal wire is used a metal wire excellent in tensile strength and low thermal conductivity. Glass fiber has the disadvantages that the tensile strength is drastically reduced, durability is short, and carbon fiber has high thermal conductivity and price in a moisture environment. Tensile strength is good when the braided yarn is based on the same diameter than the mono yarn, and the bonding strength with the synthetic fiber or rubber is excellent. Short fiber fibers are used to enhance the tensile strength in the transverse direction as well as the tensile strength in the longitudinal direction. For stronger tensile strength, planar fibers 8 are used. The planar body is hardly separated from the spacer by penetrating and extruded the spacer material between the gaps of the plane itself, and has a strong bonding force. (Figure 6)

This patent can also be used when the glass is additionally inserted in the laminated glass in order to improve the heat insulating properties of the laminated glass, that is, for three or more layers of laminated glass. In extrusion, a protrusion is formed in the longitudinal direction by forming a groove in the distal end of the die, and thus a spacer shape having a composite protrusion in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction as well as the transverse direction is possible. (Figure 7)

Since the linear fibers or the planar fibers have a bonding force with the spacers in the spacers, it is possible to compensate for the weakening of the spacer strength due to the construction of various protrusions.

The primary internal gas permeation shielding layer may be formed by introducing a synthetic resin sheet or a metal sheet having excellent gas or water vapor shielding properties into the spacer in the longitudinal direction. FIG. 8 has a merit of shortening the manufacturing process since the use of the primary internal gas permeation shielding sheet having excellent tensile strength does not require a separate tensile strength supplementing fiber or a planar fiber body.

The primary internal gas permeation shield sheet serves to delay the diffusion time of water vapor or gas. In particular, when used in a silicone rubber with a high gas permeability, if a gas shielding sheet containing little gas permeability is included, the shielding efficiency is very high because the gas shielding sheet must pass through the edge portion not bonded to the silicone rubber.

Synthetic resins and rubber products have higher water vapor and gas permeability than metals.

Therefore, in order to prevent the inflow of dry air or inert gas inside the glass, gas permeation film should be adhered to the outside of the spacer or prevented from permeating through a specific process such as coating.

However, it is practically difficult to zero gas permeability with polymer synthetic resin. In particular, it is the most important thing in the case of laminated glass which requires long-term gas tightness.

Most of the gas barrier films used are either plastic films of multiple layers or aluminum is deposited or aluminum foil is adhered to a portion of the inside of the multilayer film.

Metals offer the shortest bond distance and the strongest atomic bonds, making them an alternative to fundamentally preventing gas permeation.

However, the metal-deposited film is stretched during the production process of the deposited film to generate pinholes, and a small amount of water and gas permeation occurs through the pinholes. Is generated, but diffusion does not occur in the metal, and only gas permeation due to pinholes is generated. Experimental results show that aluminum thin films are permeable to gas through pinholes in thin films (Table 2). (Table 3, Table 4) Oxygen permeability of aluminum foil samples with a thickness of 0.90 mil (22 microns) and an area of 50CM ² was tested. The values are graphed in (Table 3), and the values are shown in (Table 4). It was. Oxygen permeation (-0.064589c / M ² / day) and oxygen absorption (-0.058486 mil-cc / M ² / day) were measured, resulting in no oxygen transmission at this thickness and no pinholes in the aluminum foil. It can be assumed that other gases are not permeable at all.

Therefore, by using a thicker aluminum thin film of 40 microns or more to adhere to the spacer without laminating with a separate polymer it is possible to zero the gas and water vapor transmission rate. The spacer according to the present invention has excellent impact or weight dispersion due to the protruding shape, hardly elongation in the longitudinal direction due to tensile force, and much less force applied to the aluminum foil, so that the unit price of the spacer is high. It is not necessary to use a 5 to 6 composite film.

Gas permeation occurs in two ways. When there is a pressure difference between gases on both sides of a film such as plastic, or when the total pressure on both sides is equal, but there is a difference in partial pressure with respect to a certain gas, the gas flows from the high partial pressure side (high pressure side) to the low side (low pressure side). Is moved. One of them is a hole in the film, which occurs when gas passes through a porous material such as aluminum foil and film with pinholes from capillary flow type to viscous flow.

In another form, gas molecules travel through molecular gaps (prevolumes) based on the thermal motion of the polymer chains forming a substantially holeless film, which is a viscous diffuse flow. This type of permeation can be seen when the gas permeates through the plastic film.

Looking at the gas permeation process in a nonporous film such as a plastic without pinholes, the gas first contacts the film and immediately melts on the surface of the film. (Dissolution Process) Next, the gas is diffused into the film (diffusion process) by the concentration gradient resulting from the dissolution of the gas and reaches the other side of the film.

Thereafter, as the diffusion proceeds, the gas concentration gradient in the film becomes a straight line in the direction of thickness and becomes a steady state. From this stage, the rate at which the gas desorbs becomes constant. As such, the factors that determine the amount of gas that passes through the plastic film are the ease of dissolution of the gas into the film and the ease of diffusion in the film.

Therefore, the gas permeation coefficient is obtained as the product of the solubility coefficient and the diffusion coefficient.

When the temperature rises, a small molecular cavity is formed by the thermal motion of the polymer chain, and gas molecules move through the gap. The gas permeation rate is also inversely proportional to the thickness of the film. The smaller the passage or area of gas diffusion, the lower the gas permeability.

In addition, this patent proposes two gas barrier film methods based on this point.

One of them is a method of maximizing gas permeation resistance by placing a metal film layer on both sides and placing a synthetic film on the intermediate layer.

FIG. 9 illustrates the gas permeation process of the laminated film of the polymer film 14 on the opposite side to the polymer film 10 on which the metal 13 is deposited. That is, (FIG. 9) refers to a case where a polymer layer is present on both outer layers with the metal layer in the middle, and gas or moisture introduced through the pinhole 11 of the metal layer is bypassed or gas is permeated into another pinhole 12. Instead, the binding force of the polymer within the shortest distance is released in the weak thickness direction.

On the other hand, (FIG. 10) shows that if the metal layers are on both outer surfaces (15) and (16) and the polymer layer (18) is in the middle, only one pinhole (19) exists in the metal layer (15). Through (19), the gas is permeated.

Therefore, the gas must pass through many diffusion paths in the polymer. For example, when the thickness is 0.02 mm and the linear short distances between the pinholes in the upper metal foil and the pinholes in the lower metal foil are 10 mm, the gas permeates as compared to the case of the synthetic resin-metal foil-synthetic resin composite structure (as shown in FIG. 8) under the same conditions. It takes at least 500 times as long. Since gas diffusion is diffused in a multipath or a circular form depending on the concentration, it will actually take much longer time to penetrate. Furthermore, if the vapor pressure of the outside becomes lower than the inside of the film during gas diffusion, the concentration gradient in the film is high. The gas can diverge out of the film, so the actual gas permeability can be close to zero.

Therefore, the gas shielding film having a structure in which the metal layers are located on both outer surfaces is an efficient way to maximize the gas flow path.

The method superior to the above method is a method that can obtain the best effect by minimizing and permeating the gas permeation flow path as shown in FIG. 11. A metal layer is deposited on the outer surface of the volume-treated polymer film 21, such as a projection, and a metal layer is formed on the other side. In this case, a small volume portion enlarges the volume and is positioned as a thickness portion of the metal at each volume interval. In this way, each cell is constituted by each part.

Therefore, the size of gas diffusion passage is minimized, and aluminum permeates gas permeately in each cell unit, and even if some pinholes occur, the most ideal gas permeation can be achieved by minimizing the gas diffusion rate by the cellized structure. That's how it is. In film production, after extrusion, particles of synthetic resin or inorganic material are sprayed onto the film in a state where the cooling of the film is less cooled, and then a film is formed with projections, and metals are deposited on both sides of the projection-formed film or projections are formed. Metal is deposited on one side and metal foil is laminated on the opposite side.

In order to protect the metal layer by physical impact or to improve gas permeability, the object can be achieved by repeatedly compounding the structures shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 or laminating a film to the outside. (Fig. 12, Fig. 13)

In a repeatedly compounded structure, gas permeability is actually zero.

This patent also intends to describe in detail the production method of the polymer or rubber spacer described above.

The production method of the spacer having a protrusion in the transverse direction has a method by a continuous production process and a separate production process.

Continuous production by extrusion is suitable for the production of polymer resins and rubbers having high molecular weight and high viscosity.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a continuous production method for controlling the amount and shape of the extrusion by mounting the cylinder attached to the cylinder and the cylinder for vertical movement.

The resin 24 introduced into the extruder is extruded through the cylinder, the head 25, and the die 26 in the extruder.

The groove shape in the longitudinal direction can be easily determined depending on the shape of the die 26 mounted on the distal end of the head 25. However, the special shape in the transverse direction is not simply determined according to the shape of the die, and the shape can be produced by the special adding device. However, it may be desirable to shape the thermoplastic resin having a low viscosity through a separate process. The continuous production method installs a cylinder or similar device 28 that is vertically or horizontally moved to the front or right and left sides of the head, and attaches a specific shape mounting portion 29 to the end of the cylinder. By repeating the movement from side to side and controlling the extrusion amount of the die in a desired direction, the molding of the spacer in the lateral direction becomes possible.

The cylinder can be connected to a controller to control the speed and can work in conjunction with the extruder. In the extruder, high-strength fiber or steel or cotton fiber is introduced into the head of the extruder in the direction perpendicular to the cylinder, and the extruded resin is transferred into the head by the rotational movement of the screw in the cylinder. Extruded through the outside.

At this time, the mounting attached to the cylinder or the similar device to move up and down or left and right repetitive movement is to be moved, this mounting should be of little play with the die. In order to eliminate play with the dice, it is more preferable that the cylinder to which the mounting is attached has a function of simultaneously moving left and right at the same time. The mounting may be made to detach from the die by using a metal with a ferromagnetic material. For the wear resistance of the die and the attachment, a fluorine resin, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyacetal added with fluorine resin, molybdenum or the like is adhered with a coating or film.

In order to prevent the shape of the spacer from being deformed to the bottom or side of the spacer during up, down, left, and right repetitive movements of the cylinder to which the spacer is attached, a spacer support and a guide are installed on the front face of the extruder die. (31)

(FIG. 15) is a shaping figure seen from the side at the time of installing a spacer base and guide in FIG. 14, (FIG. 16) shows the front view which looked at the said base and guide in the front direction of the extruder die.

FIG. 17 is a method of producing a spacer having a lateral protrusion by a continuous production method as shown in FIG. 14 or a gear structure that rotates. The extruded synthetic resin or rubber is formed by the shape of the teeth 63 attached to the rotor 62, so that the shape of the lateral protrusion of the spacer is formed, and the pitch of the protrusion is determined by the distance of the teeth.

(FIG. 18) is a shaping figure seen from the side at the time of installing a spacer base and guide in FIG. 17, (FIG. 19) shows the front view which looked at the said base and guide in the front direction of the extruder die. For protruding formation of the spacer, the bottom and side guides 64 are required.

FIG. 20 embodies how the shape is determined by the method of FIG. 14.

Through the die 35 mounted at the distal end of the extruder head 25, the resins 34 and 36 are extruded and mounted with a specific shape mounted on a cylinder 28 which is vertically or horizontally or simultaneously moved ( 33) moves down (38).

The mounting portion 33 is in close contact with the die 35 without play, and the mounting amount and the discharge shape of the die are changed instantaneously. As the mounting portion is further lowered downward, at the same time as the extrusion proceeds 37, the mounting portion is moved upward 39 when descending by the target depth 41.

The operation is performed simultaneously with the extrusion and the mounting movement, the width and the angle of the protrusion is determined according to the extrusion speed and the mounting speed.

Depending on the shape of the mounting, not only the transverse direction but also the shape in the longitudinal direction is realized. Protruding shape in the simple longitudinal direction can be implemented in a variety of shapes only by changing the shape of the die. Combining the shape and speed of the mounting and the shape of the dies make all spatial shapes in the transverse, longitudinal and vertical directions.

In the case of a thermoplastic resin or a special rubber resin having a low viscosity, it is preferable to perform a molding step after the cooling or vulcanization step.

Production methods include a method of forming a sheath with a thickness depth and a groove dividing process (Figs. 21 and 22) and a method of simultaneously forming a protrusion in a single process. (Figure 23)

FIG. 21 is a method of providing a sheath, in which one or more blades 42 are attached to the rotor 45, and then rotated 48 to the spacer 50 in a thickness (depth) direction. After the sheath is formed, the planar blade 44 is inserted into the spacer and cut out at the side of the sheath portion of the spacer moved 49 in all directions to form a protrusion.

One or more cylinders, which are attached to the LM guide, can be operated at the same time in the linear motion 46 and the vertical direction 47 of the linear motion, or the cylinder having linear motion that cuts out the spacers in the rotary cylinder. The shape can be realized by installing.

(FIG. 22) is a method of using one or more blades 51 for vertical movement instead of the rotary sheath forming method used in FIG. 21.

As a method of forming the protrusion in a single step, as shown in Fig. 16, it is possible to provide one or more curved blades 52, not flat blades, on the rotating cylinder. The size and shape of the transverse grooves are determined by the cylinder radius, the rotational speed and the curved angle of the blade.

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a process in which the transverse protrusion is shaped by the single process.

The curved blade 54 attached to the rotating cylinder 53 has the same center point as the cylinder and rotates, and as a result, a protrusion 56 in the transverse direction is formed in the spacer 55.

In the application of the multilayer glass of spacers, the connection between the cut spacer end portions should be easy. Since the aluminum spacer has strong bending strength, the curved surface once formed maintains its shape, and thus the end portion can be easily connected by the corner key. However, synthetic resins and rubber in particular do not maintain their shape after bending, and thus end connection is not easy. Since the spacer according to the patent includes a fiber or a metal wire therein, the terminal connection work is easy. First, strip the synthetic resin or rubber from the spacer and twist the remaining fiber or metal wire to prevent the spacer from loosening. After that, connect the spacers using the corner keys.

FIG. 25 shows a side view of the corner key, and FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the corner key. It has a form formed at right angles, and consists of an adhesive layer 68 inside and a metal layer 69 outside. It is easily connected by attaching a corner key of a right angle shape to the outside of the spacer of the corner portion primarily connected by the tension line of the spacer.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional side view of a corner portion of a multilayer glass to which a corner key is applied. The corner key is bonded to the outer surface of the spacer at the corner portion 70 connected to the spacer 66, and the secondary sealing material 67 is sealed to the outer surface of the corner key.

28 and 29 show that the outer metal layer can be partly wider than the inner adhesive layer to enlarge the bonding portion with the glass in order to more reliably prevent water vapor or gas inflow and out at the corner portions. Since the inner surface of the outer metal layer has an adhesive or an adhesive, the effect of blocking gas and water vapor is increased.

[Table 1] Thermal conductivity of building insulation (kcal / m hr ℃)

[Table 2] Water vapor transmission rate comparison table

[Table 3] Oxygen permeability test data measuring equipment: MOCON OX-TRANS 2/21
Temperature: 23.0 ° C Sample: aluminum foil (film), 50 cm ² (area),
Pressure: 760mmHg 0.905512mil (thickness)
Experimental gas concentration: 100% oxygen Experimental method: Standard
Date of experiment: 2008/06/02 Number of experiments: 10
Permeability: -0.064589 cc / (㎡-day) Experiment time: 60 minutes / time
Diffusion Coefficient: -0.058486 mil-cc / (㎡-day) Preset time: 3 hours

[Table 4] Oxygen transmittance

1 is a perspective view of the spacer in the transverse direction as seen from the top three-dimensionally.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the spacer in a transverse groove formed in three dimensions from below.

3 and 4 are side views in which the shape of the lateral groove of the spacer is seen from the side.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a dispersion relationship of forces to a spacer having a general shape and a spacer having a protrusion.

6 is a perspective view of the structure of the spacer including the planar fiber body three-dimensionally seen from the top.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the spacer formed by the lateral groove and the longitudinal groove formed in three dimensions from the top.

8 is a perspective view of the spacer including the internal water vapor and the gas shielding sheet three-dimensionally from the top.

9 is a synthetic resin layer is located on both sides, the side view and the transmission principle of the outer shielding film having a metal layer in the middle.

10 is a side view and a transmission principle of an outer shielding film having metal layers on both sides and a synthetic resin layer in the middle.

11 is a metal layer is located on both sides, there is a synthetic resin layer in the middle, and the side view and the transmission principle of the outer shielding film in which each part is cellized.

FIG. 12 illustrates a side view of an outer shielding film composited or laminated with an outer shielding film having a structure according to FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 shows a side view of an outer shielding film composited or laminated with an outer shielding film having a structure according to FIG. 11.

14 is a perspective view showing a side view of a method of manufacturing a spacer having a continuous extrusion by an extruder and a transverse protrusion by a device having a vertical or horizontal movement.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a guide installed in the production method of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 shows the front view of the guide of FIG. 15 seen from the longitudinal direction. FIG.

17 is a perspective view showing a side view of a manufacturing method of a spacer having a transverse protrusion by a device for continuous extrusion and rotational movement by an extruder.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a guide installed in the production method of FIG.

FIG. 19 shows the front view of the guide of FIG. 18 seen from the longitudinal direction. FIG.

20 shows a process of forming a protruding longitudinal direction of the spacer by extrusion.

Fig. 21 is a perspective view showing a process of forming a protrusion of a hardened or cooled spacer by a rotor blade and a linear motion blade.

Fig. 22 is a perspective view showing a process of forming a protrusion of a hardened or cooled spacer by a vertical blade and a horizontal blade.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view illustrating a process of forming a protrusion of a hardened or cooled spacer in a single process of a rotary blade; FIG.

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a process in which the transverse protrusion is shaped by the single process shown in FIG. 23.

25 shows a side view of a corner key connecting the spacer.

Fig. 26 shows a perspective view of a corner key connecting spacers.

Fig. 27 is a cross sectional view of a corner portion of a multilayer glass to which a corner key is applied;

FIG. 28 illustrates a side view of the outer metal layer of FIG. 25 with a portion wider than that of the inner adhesive layer.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a portion of the outer metal layer of FIG. 26 wider than that of the inner adhesive layer.

FIG. 30 shows a perspective view when the glass is bonded to the outside of FIG. 27.

31 illustrates condensation of synthetic resin, rubber, or metal spacers.

Fig. 32 shows the shape obtained by cutting corner portions.

Claims (29)

A spacer made of synthetic resin or rubber or an organic-inorganic composite material, having concave or convex protrusions continuous or discontinuous in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, or projections perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A protrusion, wherein the spacer includes at least one of an absorbent, an inner gas shielding sheet, an outer gas shielding sheet, or a spacer tensile strength enhancer; Spacer comprising a. The spacer according to claim 1, wherein the spacer comprises foaming in a material made of synthetic resin or rubber or organic / inorganic composite. The spacer of claim 2, wherein the foaming is performed by applying an air layer or a gas layer through a chemical foaming agent, a water foaming agent, a gas, a catalyst, and a bubble-forming material. delete delete The spacer of claim 1, wherein the absorbent comprises at least one of water, a water vapor absorber, and a gas absorbent. The spacer of claim 1, wherein the inner gas shielding sheet comprises at least one of a synthetic resin and a metal. delete The spacer of claim 1, wherein the external gas shielding sheet comprises a first metal layer, a synthetic resin layer, and a second metal layer. The spacer of claim 9, wherein the outer gas shielding sheet includes a shielding film having protrusions formed on a surface of the synthetic resin layer and a first metal layer formed along the surface of the protrusions. The spacer of claim 10, wherein the external gas shielding sheet has a second metal layer formed on a rear surface of the synthetic resin layer having protrusions. The spacer according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the outer gas shielding sheet includes a coating layer or a laminating layer on a surface of the first or second metal layer. The spacer according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of external gas shielding sheets are stacked. 14. A multilayer glass structure comprising the spacer of any one of claims 1 to 3 or 6 to 7 or 9 to 11 or 13. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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