KR100884697B1 - Multiflecting light directing film - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transducer for maximizing the reflectance of light from one side while maximizing the transmittance of light from the other side. This is done by fabricating the transducer in a completely different range of transmittance and reflectance. The transducer consists of a transmissive material 31 which becomes a body for passing light rays 36. The transducer also includes a reflecting range 32 made of reflecting material 33, such as aluminum or silver, for reflecting light rays 35 from the transducer.

Multireflection, Film, Multiplexing

Description

Multiflecting light directing film             

The present invention relates to all applications in which the reflectance of light incident from one direction (visible to infrared) and the transmittance in the opposite direction are simultaneously improved. That is, the sum of the reflectance from one side and the transmittance from the other side exceeds 1.0. Such films are referred to below as multiplexers.

The first field of application relates to sunlight collection in which the transmission of light is maximized in the direction towards the sun (minimization of reflectance) and the reflectance is maximized in the direction towards the collector (minimization of the transmission). The present invention will significantly increase the level of energy retained in such devices. In addition, the present invention can be used as a heating unit, a cooling unit, a power generation system in which solar energy is used for power generation. The present invention increases the efficiency of the solar collector, thereby reducing the use of fossil fuels.

The second area of application is non-radioactive displays that use externally (ambient) generated light and internally (artificially) generated light-electrochromic, ferrous, ferrous, electromagnetic, liquid crystal. Involves the use of technology. The film is a substitute for the transflective / reflective / transmissive material of the non-radioactive display, the replacement element being independent or necessary for the internally generated light (backlight system). The use of this film will simultaneously brighten it from both artificial and ambient light, and the system exhibits a significant reduction in power usage. In systems where batteries are used for powering, the life of the battery can be increased by 174%.

A third range of applications includes forming materials for which films can be used for direct sunlight from light sources (eg windows or skylights).

Solar collector

Conventional solar collectors include photovoltaic methods that convert light directly into electricity, solar energy used to heat water, and large scale solar power supplies used to generate electricity. In such a system, solar energy is "collected" by positioning and arranging panels in the direction of the sun. The panel is made of a material such as a reflector or reflector that reflects solar energy at a specific point for collection, or made of various absorbent materials. Systems in which absorbers are used may further be divided into systems in which solar energy is collected in a cell or the solar energy is absorbed by thermal energy to warm water or a heat-converting fluid, a mixture of water and glycol antifreeze. Commercially available solar cells are made of pure monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon wafers. Such solar cells can generally achieve efficiencies of at least 18% in conventional manufacturing. The silicon wafers used to manufacture them are relatively expensive and cost more than 20-40% of the final module cost. An alternative to this "bulk silicon" technique is to deposit a thin film of semiconductor on a substrate such as glass. As various materials, such as cadmium telluride, copper-indium-diselenide, and silicon may be used. There are basically three types of heat collectors: flat-plate, evacuated-tube, and concentrating. Flat collectors, which are of general form, are heat and weather resistant boxes that include absorbent plates under one or more transparent or translucent covers. The empty tube collector consists of a parallel arrangement of transparent glass tubes. Each tube consists of an outer tube and an inner tube or absorber and is coated with a selective coating that absorbs solar energy well while blocking the loss of radiant heat. Air is excluded from the spaces between the tubes forming the vacuum, eliminating conductive and transferable heat losses. Concentrator collector applications are parabolic barrels that use reflected surfaces to concentrate the sun's energy in absorber tubes (called receivers) that contain heat-transfer fluids.

Radioactive display

Conventional non-radioactive displays, in particular liquid crystal displays, include reflective displays or surface light source (transmissive) displays, usually represented by backlight displays. A conventional reflective display using a reflective film as the bottom layer to direct light back has a configuration as shown in FIG. In the figure, ambient light 10 (solar light, artificial light such as office light which is a light source attached on top of unit 11) is incident on the display unit, and several layers of the unit (polarizer 6, glass plate) (7) passes through the liquid crystal buffer (8) and is directed in the direction of return from the reflective film (9) through various layers for producing an image. This method of making an image with several ambient lights is limited to the available lights. This method is not an effective way to create high quality graphic images and strictly limits the quality of color images in various states. A conventional backlight (delivery) display is constructed as shown in FIG. In the figure, light is produced by the backlight assembly 7, in order to produce an image, a polarizer 6, a glass plate 7 (including color filters, electrodes, a TFT matrix, other components), a liquid crystal buffer 8 It passes through several layers, such as), and is directed to the radiation 13. This method of creating images with artificial light is limited to a lot of ambient light and is only used for a certain time to generate power due to the limited battery life in this system. When ambient light is present, light flashes with light that reflects multiple layers without passing through all layers 6 through 8. In order to overcome this flashing light and produce an image that is satisfactory to the user, the backlight gain must be increased to produce more usable light, ie light passing through layers 6-8. This increase in artificial light causes additional drain on the battery and degrades the usability of the system to which the display is attached. By increasing the ambient light, the flashing light increases, at which point the backlight becomes inefficient in producing a proper image.

Previous attempts to use ambient light and backlight at the same time have solved both the display and reflection quality of the display. In US Pat. No. 4,196.973, Hochstrate announced the use of a transflector for this purpose. In US Pat. No. 5,686,979, Weber dictated the limits of the transducer for this purpose, and presented a selectively switchable window that completely delivers at one time and fully reflects at another.

Material production

The prior art of making materials relates to films or coatings for light sources (eg windows or skylights, light pipes) where control of the light transmittance and reflectance is desired. Films or coatings fall into two categories: tinting or reflecting light. The tint material represents the quality of the proportion of light reflected from one side of the film while passing the remainder of the light. The transmittance / reflection in the tint film or coating is determined by the properties of the material and is the same on each side of the film (reflectance R + transmittance T = 1). For reflective films or coatings, the reflectance R is equal to or less than 1, the limit of which is determined by the properties of the material.

Purpose and Benefits

The main object of the present invention is to reflect light incident from one direction with minimal loss and controlled redirection of light incident from one direction, while simultaneously transmitting light from the opposite direction with minimal loss and minimum redirection of the light. To direct the reflected light.

Another object of the present invention is to direct light in such a way as to transmit incident light from one direction with minimal loss and minimum redirection, and at the same time with a solar collector or structure (e.g., an office building, a museum, etc.) In the method of including the light within the same system, the light is reflected from the opposite direction with minimal loss of light and controlled light redirection.

The Multiplexing Light Directing Film according to the present invention increases the brightness and reduces the effects of flashing light in such a system and / or increases the efficiency of the system containing the required light.

The film material transmits light and is designed as an integral component of the system. The film includes a nick or separated shape and is filled with reflective material. The cross section of the notch can assume the shape of a triangle or other polyhedron that can be arranged in various patterns. The notches can be replaced by arrays of discrete objects such as pyramids, cones, and polyhedrons, and can also be arranged in various patterns. The separate face of the notch or object may be flat, concave, convex, or recessed to adjust the light reflected from any face. Preferred materials for filling the notches may be materials with high reflectivity, such as aluminum or silver, but also synthetic pastes or synthetic materials or multiple materials with different refractive indices or reflection qualities. Reflective material is fitted to the material through which light is transmitted, and the bases of each shape are nearly parallel and coincident, or slightly recessed from the material through which the light is transmitted. Indentations or separated objects are repeated in parallel and spaced apart to match the width of the film. The notches or separated objects may be arranged at various shapes, heights, angles or intervals of repeated patterns.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 14 denotes a light transmitting material, reference numeral 15 denotes a reflective notch or an object, reference numeral 12 denotes a backlight assembly, and reference numeral 16 denotes a reminder of a non-radioactive display system. (remainder) and the direction in which the display is shown.

The following is a brief description of each reference numeral.

17 = r = half the width of the groove or object

     2r = width of the groove or object

     f = multiple of half of groove width

18 = fr = spacing between notches

19 = Th = film thickness (the height of the groove or object and determined by the properties of the material that transmits light)

     K = multiple of half of groove width

20 = Kr = height of the groove or object

21 = M = number of notches per pixel defined in the smallest adjusted range of the display

R _M2 = reflectance of reflective material to light

Reference numeral 22 denotes the whole of the present invention.

Reflector and funnel effects can be achieved using a combination of the appropriate shape of the material of the film and the choice of materials for different reflectances, refractive indices, composites or a mixture of the two. Straight / concentrated structures of light and / or microstructures are pyramids, tetrahedrons, like structures that are periodically or equally different and of any structure with different values in the film's reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance. ) Or cones, other conical shapes, polyhedrons (whether isosceles or not) and are not limited. It can get high reflectance and low transmittance through the film in one direction and high transmittance and low reflectance in the other direction.

R ₁ = reflectance on one side

T ₁ = transmittance on one side

A ₁ = absorption on one side

R ₂ = reflectance on the other side

T ₂ = transmittance on the other side

A ₂ = water absorption on the other side

Law of Conservation of Energy: R ₁ + T ₁ + A ₁ = 1, and R ₂ + T ₂ + A ₂ = 1

In the prior art of the transducer, R = R ₁ = R ₂ ; T = T ₁ = T ₂ ; A = A ₁ = A ₂ . In this conventional design, when A = 0, R + T = 1. Although the state of the art claims to overcome the limitations of the transducers and that untransmitted transducers transmit or guide light, overall no transmission or reflectance is shown and no possible gain can be determined and is not clear.

In the present technique, the reflectance value of one side is considerably absorbed from the reflectance value of the other side in the film, and the transmittance value of one side is absorbed significantly from the transmittance value of the other side. Recently published films allow R ₁ ≠ R ₂ , T ₁ ≠ T ₂ , A ₁ ≠ A ₂ . Example illustrates that when the below _{T 1, R 2, A 1} , A 2 is small. R ₁ + T ₂ > 1. This published film enhances the transflecting effect. At theoretical limits, T ₁ = R ₂ = A ₁ = A ₂ = 0 in the non-radioactive properties of the film. At this time, R ₁ + T ₂ = 2.

1 is a view showing the operation of a conventional reflective display.

2 is a view showing the operation of a conventional backlight display.

3 is a view showing a general form of a backlight according to the present invention.

4 is a view showing a general form of the solar panel according to the present invention.

5 shows a typical configuration of a non-radioactive display using the present invention.

6 is a view showing the operation of the embodiment of the present invention using a collimator.

7 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention and the passage of light.

<Brief Description of Drawings>

6: polarizer

7: glass plate

8: liquid crystal buffer

9: reflective film

10: sunlight or ambient light of room

10A: light directly reaching the absorber

10B: light that directly reaches the absorber, is reflected by the absorber, and is reflected back to the absorber by the reflector

10C: light that reaches the side of the reflector, then goes to the absorber, is reflected off the absorber, and is reflected back from the reflector to the absorber

11: Adjustable source of light from the outside of the display

12: backlight assembly

13: Emission of the backlight assembly

14: Permeable Material of Multiplexer

15: Reflective material of the multiplexer

16: Remainder of non-radioactive display system

17: base of reflector

18: Spacing between reflectors at base

19: thickness of the multiplexer film

20: height of reflector from base to vertex

21: Number of reflectors per pixel of display

22: cross section of the multiplexer

23: the sun

24: Absorbing material from the solar collector

The first embodiment of the film relates to the use of allowing light to be guided independent of dispersion during transmission, in particular the light emitted for the use of a solar collector or any device is directed or collected as shown in FIG. 4. Light from the sun 23 in the figure is incident on the light transmissive material 14 as light ray 10A and is transmitted directly to the absorbing material 24. Light ray 10B passes through light transmissive material 14 and is partially reflected by absorbing material 24. The light ray 10C passes through the light transmissive material 14 and is directed back to the absorbing material 24 by the reflector 15 and partially reflected by the absorbing material 24. The film material exhibits optically high transmission of visible, ultraviolet and / or infrared light of approximately 300-2,500 nanometers at a refractive index appropriately selected to match other components of the system, which is stable to ultraviolet light and is not affected by moisture. It is non-hygroscopic, scratch resistant and easy to maintain clean. Tackiness exhibits optically high transmission in light of about 300-2,500 nanometers and is stable in ultraviolet light. In the first embodiment, the design is made for the maximum sum of transmittance and reflectance. At this time, the maximum light is collected and maintained within the particular device that is part of the film. Therefore, for this example, let R _M1 = 1.00; It becomes a complete reflective material. At f = 0.1, there is a practical limit on the reproducibility of the notches. The choices of r and f are large enough to avoid diffraction and interference effects. For example, choosing r = 200μ, the spacing between adjacent nicks in the base is 20μ just above the longest wavelength of visible light. During transmission, for a solar collector where multiple reflections are not as significant as complete reflective material can be used, R ₁ = 2 / (2 + f) = 0.952 and T ₂ = 1.000. Therefore, R ₁ + T ₂ = 1.952, which is close to the theoretical limit of 2.000. Therefore, all light energy incident on the system is trapped. A second embodiment of the film relates to the use of non-radioactive display systems such as liquid crystal displays or other devices that direct light for the purpose of generating an image. This embodiment of the film can be inserted between the backlight assembly and the reminder of the display system, can be a component of the backlight assembly, or can be attached to the reminder of the display. Preferred artificial light sources in this case include straight light means in which most of the light is incident perpendicularly to the film. The strongly delivering side of the known film faces towards the backlight system, and the strongly reflecting side faces towards the viewer. The film will cover the entire area of the display. The notches or objects may be arranged at any angle to the edge of the display obliquely from parallel.

The non-radioactive display system used in the present invention is configured as shown in FIG. In the figure, ambient light 10 passes through several layers of polarizer 6, glass plate 7 (including color filters, electrodes, TFT matrix or other components), liquid crystal buffer 8, and the present invention. The reflective configuration of (22) is directed back through the various layers (6-8), and at the same time an artificial light ray (13) generated from the backlight assembly (12) passes through the light transmissive configuration of the present invention (22). And are attached to adjacent components, such as backlight assembly 12, or installed in separate layers from the display system.

W _T = width of the display

m = number of notches per pixel defined by the smallest control area of the display

F _W = format of the display in the horizontal direction (number of sharp elements in which each configuration has red, green, and blue pixels)

At this time, r = W _T / [3 F _W m (2 + f)] for the color liquid crystal display. In order to explain the design method, W _T = 246 mm and F _W = 800 and the general values of the 1996/97 type color liquid crystal display design will be described. In addition, m = 3 to exclude the need for the alignment of the film with the pixels of the display during the display assembly. In addition, m is essentially increased or decreased to exclude non-uniformity of the visible region in light distribution such as banding produced by the film.

For the design showing the second embodiment, f = 0.5. This minimizes light redirection and preserves the initial direction of light passing through. For these values of f, 20% of the parallel light from the backlight system is transmitted without reflection, 40% is transmitted in one direction from the reflecting notch or object, and 40% is reflecting notch or object From the two-way redirect. In such a case, it can be calculated by the equation r = W _T / [3 F _W m (2 + f)] that r becomes 13.7 μ with an interval fr of 6.9 μ. Reflectance R ₁ and transmittance T ₂ can be calculated if R _M2 (standard reflectance of the material) is known. Below are two design examples:

1.If R _M2 = 1, then R ₁ = 2 / (2 + f) = 0.8 and T ₂ = 1.0 and consequently R ₁ + T ₂ = 1.8.

2. If R _M2 = 0.86, then R ₁ = 2 R _M2 / (2 + f) = 0.688 and T ₂ = 0.840, resulting in R ₁ + T ₂ = 1.528.

These two designs show significant improvement from multiplexer technology in the position of existing transducer technology.

Here, the multiplexer is a transducer that becomes a device capable of transmitting and reflecting light.                 

One embodiment is as shown in FIG. 6. Reference numeral 31 denotes a light transmissive material (body of construction), reference numeral 32 denotes a reflective / refractive shape, reference numeral 33 denotes a reflective material (vacuum without gas filling, or a refractive index used to create a structure. And 34 is attached to the multiplexer configuration to transmit light in parallel. Light ray 35 impinges on base 33 of shape 32 and is reflected from a reflector. Light ray 36 enters the configuration from a transmission energy source (not shown), passes through collimator 34 without redirection, passes through body 31 without hitting structure 32 of any shape, You will be taken to the reflective side of the configuration without redirection. Light ray 37 enters the collimator from a transmission energy source (not shown) at an angle of incidence greater than 10 degrees and is redirected by collimator 34 at an angle less than 10 degrees. Light ray 37 is incident on body 31 and transmitted without being redirected.

7 shows a cross-sectional view of the multiplexer, and reference numeral 41 denotes a boundary edge. The structure 43 expands the construction at a percentage of the overall construction thickness. Vertices (tips) of the structure 43 have an angle of 4 degrees. Also, the vertices of the structure 43 point toward one light source (not shown), while the base of the structure 43 points toward the other light source (not shown). Light rays 44 enter the configuration perpendicular to the plane of the configuration, pass through the configuration without striking the shaped structure 43, and exit from the configuration without redirection. Light rays 45 enter the configuration perpendicular to the plane of the configuration, reach the midpoint of the structure 43, and are redirected to a minimum (at a 4 degree angle with respect to the vertical of the plane of the configuration), adjacent structures 43. Depart from the configuration without hitting Light rays 46 enter a configuration perpendicular to the plane of the configuration, strike a structure 43 proximate the vertex (tip), and are redirected to a minimum (at a 4 degree angle with respect to the vertical of the plane of the configuration), resulting in a structure base. By hitting a nearby structure close to (16.6% of the height of the structure) and minimally redirecting, the overall redirection of light ray 46 deviates from the configuration and is 8 degrees to the vertical of the plane of the configuration. Light ray 47 enters the configuration at an angle greater than 10 degrees with respect to the perpendicular of the plane of the configuration, impinges on the midpoint of structure 43 and is redirected to a minimum (at a 4 degree angle perpendicular to the plane of the configuration). ). Due to the increase in the angle of incidence of the light beam 47, multiple redirection occurs before the light beam 47 leaves the configuration. In this example, seven redirects are necessary for the light ray 47 to deviate from the configuration-the accumulated redirect is 28 degrees. The light ray 48 is reflected by the water 43 at the same angle as the incident angle. The light beam 49 enters the configuration at a steep angle perpendicular to the plane, strikes the structure 43 close to the vertex (tip), and due to the accumulated redirection the light beam 49 can be transmitted to the opposite side of the configuration. none.

FIG. 7 shows a structure showing an angular ratio of 14.3, a spacing between the structure 43 at 25% of the base width, and a structure spaced evenly across the configuration 42. This configuration exhibits a transmittance of 94% of the light ray incident on the plane perpendicular to the plane from the side closest to the vertex (tip) of the structure 43. The arrangement described above provides an additional benefit of reflecting 76% of the light that strikes the arrangement from the opposite direction. In this example, 20% of the light incident from the transmission side passes through the configuration without redirection, 40% passes through a single redirection (at a 4 degree angle perpendicular to the plane of the configuration) and 40% of the light. Makes two redirections (at an angle of 8 degrees to the vertical of the plane of the configuration). This example gives an R + T value of 1.70.

The combination of the angular ratio and the spacing of the structure described above is intended to illustrate the effect on the shape of the configuration and does not mean to limit it.

Another embodiment of the invention is directed to allowing light to be directed or focused through, in particular for the use of the material produced, the light of the sun is used to illuminate the interior or to increase artificial light. In this embodiment, the nick or object is aligned at an angle so that the nick or base of the object is not parallel or coincident with the boundary of the material transmitting light. This embodiment directs light at an angle given to the transmissive material that is independent of the angle of the light source.

The present invention describes a transducer having means for the reflection of light striking from the first direction and having a means for the transmission of light arriving from a direction opposite the first direction, the light being reflected against the light from the first direction. The sum of the ratios of transmitted light to the amount of light coming from the opposite direction is equal to or greater than 100%.

The present invention may be described as a light transmissive material that transmits light in an initial direction and a second direction, wherein the light transmissive material enables transmission of light in an initial direction, where all of the light that strikes one surface from the opposite direction is One surface having reflecting means for reflecting a portion but not a portion thereof; One or more reflective structures combined with the reflecting means, the structures having sidewalls extending from the one surface toward the initial direction, the sidewalls being provided with an internal angle of 90 degrees or less relative to the one surface; And the inner angle is an angle at which a part of the light from the original direction is transmitted in the initial direction and sufficiently reflects the light passing through the one surface and hitting the side wall, and the light reflected to the light incident from the opposite direction. The sum of the ratio of and the ratio of transmitted light to the amount of light incident from the initial direction is at least 100%.

Multiplexer configurations are independent of a particular system, but are typically included as one of several components incorporated into the system. The multiplexer configuration provides optimized reflection of energy in one direction and at the same time optimizes transmission of energy in the opposite direction. This is accomplished by using embedded or engraved high-angle ratios or by other means formed in the body of the configuration. By significantly increasing the surface area of the structure that reflects / reflects in one direction relative to the base of the structure, the amount of energy that can be reflected in one direction can be absorbed from the amount of energy transmitted in the other direction.

Multiplexer configurations can be combined with other configurations to create additional effects. In a preferred embodiment, the configuration for transmitting light in parallel is included in other components of the system integrated with, attached to, or attached to the multiplexer forming a single configuration, and transmitting such light in parallel The configuration is in close proximity between the configuration and the transmitted light source and close to the transmission side of the multiplexer configuration. The configuration of transmitting light in parallel accommodates the incident energy waves distributed over a wide angle and redirects the energy waves coming out at an angle smaller than any particular angle measured from the reference of the composition to the surface. The use of a configuration that transmits light in parallel is such that all energy actually incident from the transmitting side into the multiplexer configuration is confined within an arc of about 10 ° perpendicular to the plane of the configuration. The delivery energy constrained in this way improves the performance of the multiplexer configuration, but there is no requirement for the multiplexer configuration to provide a beneficial effect.

The decisive factor for arranging the configuration is the angular ratio of the structure of the reflecting / refractive shape, the spacing between the structures, and the material used to make the configuration. These factors include (1) the allowable angle of incidence of energy entering the configuration from one direction, (2) the proportion of energy delivered from that direction, (3) the proportion of energy reflected by the opposite side of the configuration, and (4) the configuration. (5) determine the proportion of energy lost to absorption or scattering in the interior. The angular ratio of the reflecting / refractive shape (ratio of height to base) determines the relationship between the particular angle at which the transfer energy enters the configuration and the angle at which the transfer energy comes from the configuration. The spacing between structures of some shape determines the proportion of energy reflected by the configuration from the reflecting side and the distribution of energy delivered from the transmitting side. By increasing the spacing between structures of a certain shape, less proportion of energy is directed in the new direction from the delivery side, and energy reflection from the opposite direction is reduced. Conversely, by reducing the spacing between structures of a certain shape, a greater proportion of the transmitted energy is directed in the new direction and a greater proportion of the energy is reflected from the opposite direction. The overall relationship between the angular ratio of height to base and the spacing between structures in a reflecting / refractive structure is illustrated in the following example:

Example 1: A single structure is triangular in cross section and extends the entire length of the configuration from one side to the other. The structure is repeated at regular intervals and consists of a base of triangular rows in which one side of the entire body of the configuration is repeated and an interval therebetween. If the specific application prerequisite for the configuration is that the reflection of about 66.6% of the energy from one side (reflected side) is reflected and the transfer energy from the opposite side is limited to about 5 ° angle, then the angular ratio should be a minimum of 11.5: 1. do. In this example, the spacing between certain shaped structures is close to about half of the dimensions of the base of the shaped structures. In this example, the sum of the energy R reflected from one side as a possibility and the sum T of energy delivered from the opposite side as a possibility is nearly 1.66 (R + T = 1.66). This may be mentioned again that 66.6% of the energy incident on the configuration from the reflected side is transmitted and 100% of the energy incident on the configuration from the transmitted side is transmitted (R = 66.6% and T = 100%, so R + T = 166%).

Example 2: Suppose that a shaped structure is the same as Example 1 and that certain application prerequisites maximize the amount of transfer energy that is independent of a particular angle to the escape. Further, suppose that the energy incident into the configuration from the delivery side is transmitted in a constant and parallel manner within about 10 ° to the perpendicular of the plane of the configuration.

In this application, the prerequisites are about 80% reflection of energy in one direction (reflected side) and 95% or more transfer of energy from the opposite side (transmitted side). A configuration with an angular ratio of 15: 1 exhibits a transmission of about 96.8% and is assumed to be a material that is fully reflective to certain shaped structures. In this example, the sum of the energy R reflected from one side as a possibility and the sum T of energy delivered from the opposite side as a possibility is nearly 1.77 (R + T = 1.77).

In addition, configurations can be arranged to reliably control the distribution of reflected and transmitted energy. For example, the arrangement can be used in display applications to improve the viewing angle.

Light rays hitting the triangle rows of the structure close to the tip have most of the redirection before leaving the configuration. Using the basic geometrical arrangement and basic understanding of geometric optics, it is possible to calculate that what is important in the present invention is that it is necessary to direct the light that strikes close to the tip only twice before the angle ratio and the width between the structures exit. have. The geometric diagram of the light ray path can be used to derive an association between several parameters including the state of the system. The height of the structure is determined by several factors, which is the thickness of the material that transmits light. If the prerequisite for a particular application is to transmit light through the transducer within 10 ° to the vertical, then the height can be assumed and the vertex angle drawn or calculated. Vertex angle and height are given by the angle ratio and the width of the structure base.

In a preferred embodiment for a non-radioactive display, the configuration does not exceed 100 mils thick. The body of the configuration has a transfer coefficient of at least 97%. The vertices (tips) of each shape penetrate the body of the construction at a proportion of the overall thickness between 10% and 100%. Each shape has a fixed peak angle between 2.6 ° and 9.5 ° with a base ratio between 6: 1 and 22: 1. In another embodiment, the shape has a fixed peak angle between 3.0 ° -7.0 ° with a base ratio between 8: 1-18: 1. In another embodiment, the size for the base ratio is as small as 4: 1. This results in walls of the structure that deviate at an angle proportional to the base below about 83 degrees and 90 degrees. The base of the shape is parallel to the face of the configuration and the width of the base is 2.0 μ-200.0 μ (μ = micron). In another embodiment, the base width is 2.0 μ-50.0 μ. The shape may be filled with material or optically progressed, or the base of each structure needs to be reflective. This can be done with a fill recipe, a deposition / photoresist recipe, or an overlay. Triangular thermal structures are periodically repeated at fixed intervals between the vertices of each triangle of 3.0 μ-300.0 μ, with a gap between the bases of adjacent isosceles triangles of 1.0 μ-100.0 μ. In another embodiment, the spacing between vertices is 3.0μ-70.0μ and the spacing between bases is 1.0μ-20.0μ. In a preferred embodiment, the configuration for transmitting light in parallel is attached to the configuration adjacent the delivery side of the multiplexer configuration. The scope described in the preferred embodiments is not to be construed as a limitation to which other applications are variously required and permitted in the above properties.

In a preferred embodiment, the single-shaped cross section is triangular and extends from one corner of the configuration to the other corner to form a single row and is directed to a light transmitting material (body of the construction) so that the base of the triangle is Parallel to, or slightly recessed in, the plane of one side of the body. In a preferred embodiment, the rows of triangles are evenly spaced over the entire surface of the configuration forming a stripe pattern of shape and spacing. In another embodiment, the triangular-shaped columns may be replaced by separate objects, such as pyramids, cones, or polyhedra, and arranged in various patterns to achieve a particular effect. In another embodiment, separate shapes as described above may be arranged with varying shapes, heights, angles or spacings. In a preferred embodiment, the separated face of each triangular row is flat. In another embodiment, one or more separate faces or separated shapes of rows may be concave, convex or recessed. In addition, minute shapes (eg pyramids or cones) may be deposited on the patterned base of each structure to control the direction of the reflected energy.

In a preferred embodiment, the material for the “body” that transmits light of the configuration has properties that minimize energy absorption and redirection, such as internal scattering. In addition, the material for the body of the construction requires certain properties required for etching, molding or other processes that deform the body of the construction. For example, suitable materials are polymers such as polycarbonate and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Etching, molding, or stamping are used to create a series of nicks in the body of the construction, and a filled material such as a strongly reflective metal is used. In addition, obvious materials such as polymers or materials (gas, air or vacuum) can be used to fill the notches. When obvious or otherwise unused materials are used in the notches, the material chosen for the body of the construction has a higher refractive index than the filled one. The minimum difference in refractive index between the body of the construction and the stuffed is evaluated to be 0.01. In a preferred embodiment, the refractive index is the same for each shape across the body of the construction. For the purposes of the present invention, when discussing light striking the body of a structure, the term reflection encompasses the refraction where the difference in refractive index of the material depending on the angle of incidence results in the actual or overall reflection of the light striking the structure.

The notches may be filled with reflective material or a single material, a synthetic material, and used to generate the heat of the triangles described above. Filler materials for reflective shapes are optimized to minimize absorption and have high reflective properties to control the redirection of energy. Examples of suitable materials may be aluminum or silver with a reflectance of at least 95%, synthetic pastes or synthetic materials, composites with other refractive indices and reflectances.

As noted above, the reflective material may be coated on the light transmitting body and may be filled in grooves in the body, or may be the base of a structure that is physically separated and refracted or attached to the light transmitting body.

A second method of making a preferred embodiment of the multiplexer configuration consists of generating the above described triangular rows of photosensitive light transmissive material. Preferred shapes are made by varying the refractive index in a specific range of the body of the construction. In this embodiment, a thin film of reflective material such as aluminum is deposited on one side (reflection side) of the configuration adjacent to the base of the triangular rows. The deposition range is shifted to match the spacing between the rows of triangles, creating a stripe pattern across the configuration. Using optical processes to vary the refractive index of a particular range of configurations requires photosensitive materials with suitable optical and mechanical properties. In addition to the change in refractive index induced by sufficient light, a suitable set of wavelengths (typically ultraviolet), optical clarity, thin filmability, and mechanical behavior is very important. Such materials are organic polymers that optimize mechanical behavior, or organic-inorganic compounds that combine the chemical versatility of organic polymers, such as polysilanes, polygermanes, and sol-gel hybrids.

In another embodiment involving the use of a photosensitive light transmissive material, the separated shapes may be arranged with varying one or more separate faces of any shape, including shapes, heights, angles or spacings and rows of triangles, It can be convex or hollow. In addition, the micro-shape (eg pyramid or cone) is part of the deposition process to control the direction of the reflected energy or as an independent process as described above on one side of the body of the configuration directly on the base of each structure. Is deposited. In another embodiment, the refractive indices are different for each separate shape, so different alternating patterns are formed along the body of the configuration to achieve a particular effect. In another embodiment, a combination of the shape of the shape produced by the alteration of the refractive index of the photosensitive material and the filling indentation is used to create various patterns along the body of the construction.

The term light used in the present invention includes electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength corresponding to ultraviolet light in the visible region. However, the device of the present invention can be applied to electromagnetic radiation, which can be reflected or refracted, and provides the function of creating the material and structures of that size. In particular, the present invention may find applicability in radio, radar, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma.

Another method of producing the structure of the present invention is to construct the structure from a suitable method and suitable materials in a clean and floating state in the physical working environment. Floating in the air can be made in the form of filaments or the use of lines to form a grid, but depends on the particular application and is clarified in the techniques of the present invention. This aspect of the present invention is useful for solar applications, and the size of the transducer is not limited to the required size of the non-radioactive display. One common method of collecting solar radiation involves the use of reflectors to reflect radiation from the sun into a composite of pipes. The pipe composite consists of the first pipe, which wraps around the second pipe and carries the heated liquid. The gap between the two pipes is generally empty to reduce the loss of convection and conduction. By installing the structure of the present invention within this gap between the pipes, most of the solar radiation is reflected from the reflector to the trapped and heated pipe, thereby increasing the overall efficiency. In most cases, the heated pipe is trapped to emit radiation and reflected back. Therefore, solar radiation passes through the transducer, the radiation is not initially absorbed by the solar collector, combined with radiation emitted from the solar collector due to its temperature, and reflected back to the solar collector. In this embodiment, the vacuum is a material that transmits light associated with the structure.

In such solar applications, the height of the structure depends only on the spacing between the pipes, and the base of the structure is large compared to its use in non-radioactive displays. Although smaller size structures can be applied for this use, the width of the base is 3500 microns or more. Many structures are preferably curved around at least a portion of the pipe to improve both the collection and reflection of radiation.

As used in this patent, the term "structure" refers to a specific form of configuration that refracts or reflects light. The structure is a physically separated component installed on or within the light transmitting material, forming or marking a cut or notch cut out of the light transmitting material, or the final result of processing a portion of the light transmitting material. , Shapes with different refractive indices are formed. As is known in solar applications when the transfer material is gas or vacuum, the structure is installed "inside" the material by a grid, wire, filament or other device with a grid representing the surface of the transducer.

The present invention has the special ability to reflect and transmit more light than conventional devices. The sum of the proportions of light that can be reflected plus the sum of the permeable light can be at least 100%.

The present invention relates to all applications in which the reflectance of light incident from one direction (visible to infrared) and the transmittance in the opposite direction are simultaneously improved. That is, the sum of the reflectance from one side and the transmittance from the other side exceeds 1.0. Such films are referred to below as multiplexers.

The first field of application relates to the collection of solar beams where the transmission of light is maximized in the direction towards the sun (minimization of reflectance) and the reflectance is maximized in the direction towards the collector (minimization of the transmission). The present invention will significantly increase the level of energy retained in such devices. In addition, the present invention can be used as a heating unit, a cooling unit, a power generation system in which solar energy is used for power generation. The present invention increases the efficiency of the solar collector, thereby reducing the use of fossil fuels.

The second area of application is non-radioactive displays that use externally (ambient) generated light and internally (artificially) generated light-electrochromic, ferrous, ferrous, electromagnetic, liquid crystal. Involves the use of technology. The film is a substitute for the transflective / reflective / transmissive material of the non-radioactive display, the replacement element being independent or necessary for the internally generated light (backlight system). The use of such films will simultaneously brighten from artificial light and ambient light, and the system exhibits a significant reduction in power usage. In systems where batteries are used for powering, the life of the battery can be increased by 174%.

A third range of applications includes forming materials for which films can be used for direct sunlight from light sources (eg windows or skylights).

Claims (18)

Reflecting means for allowing the light propagated from the first direction to be reflected and the transmission means for transmitting the light arriving from the opposite direction of the first direction, the ratio of the light reflected to the light incident from the first direction And a ratio of the ratio of light transmitted to the amount of light incident from the opposite direction is 100% or more. The method of claim 1, And said translator has one side surface, said reflecting means covering at least a portion of said one surface, said transmissive means comprising a structure coupled to said reflecting means. The method of claim 2, The structure includes a base and a side wall, the base coupled with the reflecting means, the side wall having an angle to the one surface sufficient to reflect light impinging on the structure from the opposite direction through the one surface. Characterized by the transducer. The method of claim 3, And the angle of the side wall is an acute angle. The method of claim 4, wherein The base of the structure is an extended rectangle, the rectangle is continuous in one direction across the one surface. The method of claim 5, The rectangle of the base in length and width, wherein the width is less than the length, the structure has a height and the ratio of the height to the width of the base is between 6 and 22. The method of claim 1, Wherein said transducer comprises a light transmissive material having said one surface, said one surface having an indentation. The method of claim 7, wherein And said indentation has sidewalls through said one surface, said sidewalls having an acute angle with respect to said one surface. The method of claim 7, wherein And said indentation is filled with a reflective material. The method of claim 9, The reflective material is optionally used among aluminum, gold or a compound thereof. The method of claim 8, And said indentation defines a groove in said light transmissive material, said groove being arranged in one direction across said one surface. delete delete delete delete delete A translator capable of transmitting light in a first direction, comprising: a side surface having a reflector reflecting a portion of light impinging on one surface from an opposite direction; A sidewall coupled to the reflector, the sidewall extending from the one surface to a first direction, the sidewall having an acute internal angle with respect to the one surface, and passing through the one surface from the first direction and impinging on the sidewall. Reflects light so that a portion of the light from the first direction passes through the one surface; And the sum of the ratio of the reflected light to the light incident from the opposite direction and the ratio of the transmitted light to the amount of the light incident from the first direction is at least 100%. The method of claim 17, And the structure is created by treating the transducer in a manner that produces a refractive index that is different from the reminder of the transducer.

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