KR100882851B1 - Method for blasting rock utilizing air deck filled with crushed rock - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for blasting a rock using an air deck filled with rocks is provided to reduce the amount of explosive and prevent gas from leaking through an upper part of a blast hole filled with a packing material. A method for blasting a rock using an air deck filled with rocks comprises the following steps. Several blast holes(1) are drilled in predetermined depth on a rock. An explosive(2) and a detonator are installed in the blast hole. A space for an air deck is formed in the blast hole. The space for an air deck is filled with pieces of rocks. An opening of the blast hole is filled with a packing material(5). The explosive inside the blast hole is explored using the detonator.

Description

Rock blasting method using air deck filled with rock {Method for blasting rock utilizing air deck filled with crushed rock}

The present invention relates to a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock, and more particularly, to a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rocks detonated after forming an air deck by drilling blast holes in the crushed rock. will be.

The energy generated when the explosives used for the destruction of rocks explode can be largely divided into shock wave energy and gas pressure energy. In terms of the fracture mechanics of the rocks due to explosives, the destruction of rock is the simultaneous action of shock wave energy and gas pressure energy. It is caused by, and each step goes through the energy transfer process.

1 is a view for explaining the conversion step of the energy generated when the explosives in the blast hole exploded. As shown in FIG. 1, the explosive energy of the explosives exploded in the blast hole is first utilized for the breaking action of the rock, and the rest is transferred to the energy causing vibration, noise, and scattering.

If the explosive energy of the gunpowder is used 100% only in the process of destroying the rock, noise, vibration and scattering energy conversion will not occur, but this is not practical, and if possible, if the blasting work is made as close as possible, Generation of vibration, vibration and scattering can be controlled as much as possible.

In general, when an explosive charged in a blasting hole explodes, a shock wave caused by the explosive detonation and a gas pressure due to the combustion of the explosive are generated. The contribution of rock destruction by the shock wave corresponds to about 15%. The contribution of rock destruction is known to correspond to 85%, therefore, it can be seen that the destruction of rock due to the explosive explosion is mainly due to the action of gas pressure.

However, some of this gas pressure energy is used to destroy the rocks, but some of them are not used, and they are often propagated in the air and converted into noise energy, and some are converted to scattering energy that scatters the rocks. By using an artificial method of the action of the gas pressure, it is possible to control the contribution to the destruction of the rock.

Therefore, in order to increase the destruction of rocks, that is, the degree of crushing, the effective use of this gas pressure can be expected, and on the other hand, it is also a way to minimize the effects of noise and scattering. It depends on how they are used.

So far, many researches have been conducted in this regard, and the representative result is a method of controlling the action of the gas pressure generated by the explosive explosive through an artificial work process. There are two main ways.

The first is to reduce the contribution of fracture to the rock by lowering the action of gas pressure to minimize the occurrence of cracks in the rock for the purpose of protecting rock slopes. It is a method to increase the blasting effect by effectively using the explosive explosive energy of the explosives in the rock breaking action while reducing the conversion as much as possible.

The representative method using the former method is the method using the decoupling effect, and the latter representative method is using the air deck charging method.

The method of utilizing the decoupling effect uses an explosive having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the blasting hole, thereby reducing the explosion pressure on the blasting hole to protect the blasting wall. In this case, the explosive gas pressure is not effectively used for the rock breaking action. In view of the blasting effect, the complete crushing effect of the rock cannot be expected.

Figure 2a to 2d is a view for explaining the decoupling effect, Figure 2a is a charging method used for conventional rock crushing purposes, Figure 2b is to use an explosive (2) having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the blast hole (1) It is a charging method to utilize the decoupling effect. This charging method is mainly used to control the damage area due to overburden and blasting at rock slope or tunnel blasting.

Figure 2c shows the tunnel blasting results by this method, it can be seen that the blasting is made smoothly without damage to the rock. Figure 2d is a data showing the relationship between the explosion pressure in the blast hole (1) according to the change of the decoupling coefficient defined by the aperture diameter / explosive diameter. As the decoupling coefficient increases, that is, as the diameter of the explosives 2 decreases as compared with the diameter of the blasting hole 1, the gas pressure applied to the blasting wall decreases rapidly.

The second method is to use the air deck's charge method, which makes the charge length constant and increases the volume of the chamber by increasing the volume of the chamber, compared to the conventional method used for rock crushing purposes. By effectively guiding, the area of blast gas pressure in the entire blast hole is increased, and the method of increasing the blasting effect by effectively using the explosive energy of explosives in the rock breaking action while minimizing the conversion to noise energy and fugitive energy. to be.

3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the charging method of the air deck 3, FIG. 3A is a charging method used for conventional rock crushing purposes, and FIG. 3B is an embodiment of the charging method of the air deck 3. An example is shown.

In the charging method illustrated in FIG. 3A, since the explosives 2 in the blasting holes 1 are distributed intensively in the lower part of the blasting holes 1, the acting portion of the gas pressure corresponds to the chamber volume 4 into which the explosives are inserted. The crushed rock (6) corresponding to the color portion (5), which is relatively less affected, is generated in the form of a mass without being broken finely, so that the degree of crushing is reduced. Since crushing is required, the crushing cost increases accordingly.

In order to reduce such a phenomenon, the charging method of the air deck 3 as shown in FIG. 3b is used. In this charging method, the chamber of the working part of the gas pressure generated when the explosive is exploded by utilizing the air deck 3 is used. Since the volume 7 is increased, the degree of crushing is increased compared to the charging method used for the conventional rock crushing purpose of FIG. 3A by allowing the explosive gas pressure to work evenly throughout the blasting hole 1.

In addition, the explosive gas pressure acts locally at the bottom of the blast hole (1), as shown in FIG. 3A, so that the contribution to rock destruction is reduced, so that the gas pressure energy may be lost by being converted into noise or fugitive energy. By changing to the charge form utilizing the air deck 3 of FIG. 3b, the effect of gas pressure is highly contributing to rock breakdown, which can be utilized to increase the degree of fracture, and can reduce the conversion to noise or fugitive energy. In addition, the effect of reducing the effects of scattering is possible.

3C and 3D are diagrams for explaining the blasting effect in the case of the charging method. Referring to FIG. 3C, the length of the charge is 1.6m, and the sum of the length and the stem length of the air deck corresponds to 1.6m. In the normal rock blasting method, the length of the air deck corresponds to “0”, so in this case, the stem length corresponds to 1.6 m.

3D is a reference diagram for showing the effect of the air deck when the blasting operation is performed under the conditions of FIG. 3C. As the length of the air deck increases, the amount of explosives for quarrying the unit volume (Specific charge, ㎏ / M 3) is reduced and the volume of fragments (m 3) is increased in FIG. 3D.

However, in this case, it can be seen that the most effective length of the air deck is 40 to 85% (× 1.6 m), and it is found to be ineffective in a region smaller than this or more than this range. However, in this case, as shown in Fig. 3c, the length of the charge is based on the amount of explosives that occupy 50% of the length of the blast hole. Will occur.

When considering only the embodiment of Figures 3c and 3d, using the air deck charge method, suggesting that at least 40 ~ 85% of the full color can be used, corresponding to the range of less than 40% Although the range of air deck lengths does not have a significant effect on the blasting effect, the effect on its use may vary depending on the on-site conditions involved. It can be seen that the results may be approximately valid.

In addition, recently, as a charging method using a conventional air deck in addition to the charging method shown in Fig. 3b, Patent No. 10-0316161, Patent No. 10-0358780, Patent No. 10-0680855 There is a disclosed method, which is a method of securing the length of the air deck using an air-tube, and is mainly a patent related to the arrangement, material, and structural part of the air-tube. I think it does not deviate much from the basic purpose of air deck use.

As such, the basic principle of the air deck charge method is to maximize the contribution to rock destruction by maximizing the gas pressure generated when the explosives in the blast hole explode. To utilize the air deck method, until now, A method of increasing the volume of the chamber under which gas pressure acts has been used as far as possible, and is shown in FIGS. 3B and 10-0316161, 10-0358780, and 10-0680855. The disclosed invention is a representative method.

However, in this method, although the chamber volume is increased, the range in which the pressure is applied to the blast hole is increased. On the contrary, since the gas pressure is changed due to the increase in the chamber volume, a certain effective length is required as shown in FIG. 3D. In addition, when the length of the air deck becomes larger than the explosive amount used, it is difficult to expect the air deck effect due to the significant pressure reduction, but rather close to the decoupling effect shown in FIGS. 2b and 2d or the blast hole The so-called blow-out phenomenon, in which gas pressure leaks out of the blast hole, does not occur, which is far from the purpose of utilizing the air deck.

Moreover, the basic principle of the air deck is to keep the length of the charge constant compared to the charging method used for conventional rock crushing purposes, and to use a part of the color portion 5 as the effective space of the air deck, and to provide vibration, noise, In areas where there is concern about scattering, it is necessary to shorten the length of the charge, that is, since it is necessary to reduce the amount of explosives, in this case, the air deck 3 is Due to the excessively large length, it is difficult to expect the air deck effect due to the significant pressure reduction.

That is, in order to further reduce the length of the charge for vibration control in the state of FIG. 4A (same as the state of FIG. 3B), it is necessary to switch to the form of FIG. 4B, and in this case, the length of the charge ( Compared to 2h), the space of the air deck 3 becomes too large, which makes it difficult to expect the air deck effect due to the drastic pressure reduction. Also, the degree of crushing decreases considerably in the destructive aspect of the rock or the breakage of blast holes does not occur. There is a problem that the so-called blown out phenomenon that gas pressure leaks out of the blast hole occurs.

The act of blocking the opening of the blast hole so that the gas pressure generated by the explosion of explosives in the blast hole does not leak out of the blast hole is commonly called stemming. In this case, the sand has been used as the main species. When the degree is loose or the water content is considerably reduced to dryness, the adhesion between the sand particles and the particles decreases, and also the friction force between the sand and the blasting wall decreases so that the gas pressure does not serve to seal the gas pressure. Leaking out creates a serious safety problem.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and relates to an air deck charging method aiming to increase the conventional chamber volume, and to a blasting method for minimizing the pressure reduction caused by the chamber volume increase. It is possible to effectively utilize the action of the first generated gas pressure without the pressure decrease of the gas pressure according to the increase in the volume of the chamber as effectively as possible, more effective than the conventional rock blasting and conventional air deck blasting method Rock fractures using air decks filled with rocks can be expected to increase the degree of crushing and increase the amount of crushing, reduce the effects of vibration, noise, and scattering during detonation, and expect better coloration effects than conventional air deck blasting methods. Its purpose is to provide a blasting method.

The present invention for achieving the above object, the step of drilling a plurality of blast holes in a predetermined arrangement in the rock to a predetermined depth; Loading explosives and detonators into the blast holes; Forming at least one air deck space in the blast hole after the charge; Filling a rock piece of a predetermined size in the air deck space; Filling a whole material into the opening of the blast hole; And detonating the explosives in the blast hole by a primer.

In another aspect, the present invention comprises the steps of drilling a plurality of blast holes in a predetermined depth to the rock; Forming at least one air deck space in the blast hole; Filling a rock piece of a predetermined size in the air deck space; Filling explosives and charging explosives and primers in the blast holes; Filling a whole material into the opening of the blast hole; And detonating the explosives in the blast hole by a primer.

Adding at least one air deck space to the blast hole after the explosive charge and the primer of the present invention; And filling rock pieces of a predetermined size in the additionally formed air deck space.

The pore ratio of the Aedeck space filled with the rock fragments of the present invention is 0.1 to 0.9. A plurality of gunpowder is charged to the blasting hole of the present invention at a predetermined distance apart, and the space is filled with a rock or the air deck space to fill the fragments of the gunpowder.

As described above, the present invention can effectively utilize the gas pressure without changing the gas pressure due to the increase in the chamber volume compared to the conventional air deck method, there is an effect that can increase the degree of fracture compared to the conventional air deck method.

Moreover, even if the explosive charge is inserted into the blast hole is performed in the same way, in the case of the present invention compared to the conventional air deck method, the gas pressure can be effectively utilized by minimizing the pressure reduction of the gas pressure according to the increase of the chamber volume, so that more crushing Amount can be derived.

Since the blasting work is possible without changing the pressure of the gas according to the increase of the chamber volume, compared to the conventional air deck method, when the environmental pollution such as vibration, noise, and scattering becomes a problem, the explosive amount is reduced compared to the conventional air deck method. As a result, it is possible to reduce the effects of vibration, noise, and scattering as compared to the conventional air deck method.

Since the air deck space is filled with rock fragments, and then the chromium is filled in the upper part, wedging between the pieces of the rock prevents some of the gas pressure from leaking into the upper part of the blast hole. The working effect allows safer coloring.

Therefore, in view of the degree of crushing and the amount of crushing, more effective crushing degree and increased crushing amount can be expected as compared with conventionally used rock blasting and conventional air deck blasting methods.

In terms of noise, vibration, and scattering, high effects can be expected to reduce the effects of vibration, noise, and scattering compared to conventionally used rock blasting and conventional air deck blasting methods.

In view of the stemming effect of the blasting hole, a better coloring effect can be expected as compared with the conventionally used rock blasting and the conventional air deck blasting method.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7a is a block diagram showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7b is a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention 7C and 7D are layout views showing another modified example of a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rocks according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a layout view showing an embodiment of the present invention. A flow chart showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rocks.

As shown in Figure 8, the rock blasting method using the air deck (air deck) filled with the rock of the present embodiment is a blast hole drilling step (S11), explosives and primer charge step (S12), air deck space forming step (S13) , Including the rock piece filling step (S14), the chromosomal filling step (S15) and the detonation step (S16), to break up the crushed rock (6).

In the blasting hole drilling step (S11), the plurality of blasting holes 1 are drilled to a predetermined depth by a drilling machine, a drilling device, or the like in a predetermined arrangement in the crushed rock 6 which is the object to be broken in the rock. Arrangement of the blast hole (1) is, of course, can be a variety of arrangements, such as straight, curved.

Explosives and detonator charge step (S12) is to charge the explosives (2) and primer (not shown) in the perforated blast hole (1). As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, explosives 2 are provided at a lower portion of the blasting hole 1 drilled on one side of the crushed rock 6 so that the crushed rock 6 at the detonation of the explosives 2 is easily broken. It is desirable to.

Air deck (3) space forming step (S13) after filling the explosive (2) in the blasting hole (1) is to form at least one air deck (3) space consisting of an air layer in the blasting hole (1). In addition, the sum of the air deck 3 space and the explosive space forms the chamber volume 7.

Rock sculpture filling step (S14) is filled with a rock fragment 8 of a predetermined size in the air deck (3) space. For crushed rock, it is preferable to use rock fragments generated at the time of breakage of the surrounding crushed rock or perforation of the blast holes, or to use easily available rock fragments through various routes.

In addition, it is preferable that the pore ratio of the space of the deck 3 filled with the rock fragment 8 is 0.1 to 0.9. The reason for this is that if the void ratio is less than 0.1, the air deck 3 space becomes similar to the sealed state, so that the use of gas pressure at the time of detonation is difficult. If the void ratio is greater than 0.9, the pressure due to the increase of the chamber volume as in the conventional air deck charging method. This is because a reduction can occur.

Therefore, if the size of the rock fragments are too small to be used, there is a lack of free space to pass the gas pressure, rather it serves as a chromosome used to seal the gas pressure, in this case can not expect the air deck effect do.

As a result, the rock fragments 8 filled in the air deck 3 space should use the ones having a predetermined standard. Even if the rock fragments are filled in the air deck 3 space, it is necessary to break the rocks in the blasting walls of this section. Since a space where gas pressure can be fully applied is required, it is preferable to use a fine piece of rock, such as sand, to avoid filling close to a complete seal.

Filling the chromosome (S15) is to fill the chromosome in the opening of the blast hole (1) to form the chromophor (5). It is preferable that the opening of the blast hole is closed by using the coloring material of microparticles, such as sand, as a coloring material.

Detonation step (S16) is to detonate the explosives (2) in the blast hole (1) by a primer. In this case, the aeration can be a variety of aeration, such as sequential and simultaneous aeration, and a variety of aeration depending on the shape and terrain of the crushed rock.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 7c and 7d, in the modification step of the gunpowder and detonation of the embodiment, the gunpowder (2) is charged at a predetermined distance apart from the blast hole (1) and charged with the gunpowder (2). It is also possible to fill the chromosome 5 in the space between the space to form the chromium portion 5, or to form another air deck (3) space to fill the rock fragment (8).

Thus, by filling the rock fragments by forming an air deck space on the upper and lower portions of the explosives (2), it is possible to distribute the gas pressure at the time of detonation, thereby enabling more efficient detonation.

Therefore, this embodiment is an improvement of the conventional rock blasting method using the air deck, the change in the working pressure of the gas pressure acting in the chamber volume not only increases the volume of the chamber volume but also increases the volume of the chamber for effective air deck charging method. Is to reduce as much as possible.

In other words, the present invention relates to an air deck charging method aiming to increase the volume of a chamber, and to a blasting method that minimizes the pressure decrease due to the increase of the chamber volume. It is a method of making the action of the gas pressure which has been made available as efficiently as possible for the destruction of rock.

In order to effectively utilize the air deck charging method, it is necessary to first increase the chamber volume (7), and then to maintain the same pressure of the gas pressure according to the increase in the chamber volume (7) It should be made but described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 6a shows a conventional rock blasting charge method, Figure 6b is a representative air deck charge method. In this way, the actual volume 7 of the explosive charge 2 is obtained from the rock blasting charge method commonly used in FIG.

Where V _g is the chamber volume (cm 3), H _g is the chamber volume length (cm), and D is the diameter of the hole or the blast hole (cm).

Next, when the chamber volume 7 is obtained in FIG. 6B by the air deck charging method, Equation 2 is obtained.

However, V _a is a chamber volume (cm 3), H _a is a chamber volume length (cm), and D is a diameter of a hole or a blast hole (cm).

Next, the gas pressure applied to the blast hole is represented by the following equation (3) in the Abel-Nobel state equation.

Where P is the explosive gas pressure (kgf / cm2) acting on the charge wall, f is the explosive force (ℓkgf // kg), L is the explosive weight (kg), and V is the charge volume (ℓ Is an explosive convolume.

이고,

ego,

ρ _e is the specific gravity of the explosive.

As described above, in the state of FIG. 6A, when the explosive is used as a product (product name: New Mite Plus I) commonly used in Korea, it is as follows.

Hole diameter or blast hole diameter (D): 7.6㎝

Cloth Factory: 5700cm, Color Length: 420cm, Medicine Cabinet: 150cm

Explosive charge (ρ _e ): 1.15, Explosive charge (L): 7,825g

Explosive force (f): 8913 ℓkgkg / ㎠ / ㎏

Chamber Volume (Vg): 6,804.7 Cm 3 (See Equation 1)

Substituting the above into Equation 3, the pressure (P _g ) applied to the blast hole in Figure 6a, which is a commonly used rock blasting charge method can be obtained as follows.

In addition, similarly, in the state of FIG. 6B, when the explosive is used as a product (product name: New Mite Plus I) normally used domestically, it is as follows.

Hole diameter or blast hole diameter (D): 7.6㎝

Cloth Factory: 5700cm, Color Length: 220cm, Medicine Cabinet: 150cm

Air deck length: 200㎝

Explosive charge (ρ _e ): 1.15, Explosive charge (L): 7,825g

Explosive force (f): 8913 ℓkgkg / ㎠ / ㎏

Chamber volume (V _a ): 15,877.6 cm 3 (See Equation 2)

Substituting the above into Equation 3, the pressure (P _a ) acting on the blast hole in Figure 6b which is a conventional air deck charging method can be obtained, as follows.

As a result of the calculation as described above, the pressure (P _g ) applied to the blast hole in FIG. 6A, which is a conventional rock blasting charging method, and the gas pressure (P _a ) applied to the blast hole when the air deck charging method of FIG. 6B is used. The difference between is as follows.

That is, when the air deck charging method is used, the gas pressure applied to the blast hole is reduced by about 77.7% from the pressure of the conventional rock blasting charging method, so that the blasting is performed. It is possible.

(A) Air deck charging method is appropriate

If the minimum pressure required to destroy the rock is required to be about 6,000 kgf / cm ² , the method using the air deck charging method of FIG. 6B is considered appropriate, and in this case, the conventional method of FIG. In the case of the rock blasting charge method, it is concentrated in the form of exaggerated medicine under the blast hole, and much scattering and noise are generated. Also, since the explosion gas pressure is concentrated only in the lower part of the blast hole, the rock in the upper part of the chamber also has a mass shape. Falls.

In other words, the lower part of the blast hole is a concentrated charge, which is greatly exaggerated, so that noise, vibration, and scattering are greatly generated.

Therefore, even if the rock is crushed with the same amount of explosives inserted into the blast hole it can be seen that using the air deck charge method is much more advantageous to control the scattering and noise.

However, in the case of the air deck charging method used here, since a significant pressure decrease is expected to increase the chamber volume, there is a limit in reducing the explosive amount or increasing the chamber volume even further.

(B) Improper air deck charging method

In addition, contrary to the above, if the minimum pressure required to destroy the rock is required to be about 25,000 kgf / cm ² , in the case of the conventional rock blasting charge method of Figure 6a, but the blasting hole will be properly blasted However, the top of the blast hole, which is not affected by the explosion gas pressure, has a reduced degree of crushing, requiring subsequent secondary crushing.

In addition, the method using the air deck charging method of FIG. 6B is rather close to the decoupling effect shown in FIGS. 2B and 2D by a sudden decrease in pressure, or so-called blow-out in which gas pressure leaks out of the blast hole without breaking of the blast hole. Since a phenomenon occurs and thus far from the purpose of utilizing the air deck, it is difficult to expect the air deck effect in this case.

As such, most of the cases in which the blasting process using the air deck charging method sees many failures fall under this case.

Furthermore, in the case of (a) above, even if the air deck charging method is appropriate, if a smaller loading amount is required from the viewpoint of vibration control, it is necessary to reduce the explosive charge amount by making it smaller than the loading length of FIG. 6B. In this case, the same phenomenon occurs as in the case of (b), so the distance from the purpose of utilizing the air deck is far from the original, which makes it difficult to expect the air deck effect.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the conventional example.

Figure 6a is a rock blasting charge method commonly used, Figure 6b corresponds to the case of using the air deck charge method. In the state of FIG. 6B, if the air deck section is properly filled with rock fragments 8 which are commonly available around the blasting site, the air deck section may have a shape as shown in FIG. 7A.

In this case, the chamber volume is equal to the result (V _a ) obtained by the above equation (2), but the chamber volume (V _real ) to which the actual blasting pressure is applied is determined in the air deck section from the result obtained in the above equation (2). It is equal to minus the volume (V _rock ) of the filled rock. This is expressed as follows.

If the volume of crushed rock is obtained by setting the standard of crushed rock as a model idealized in the circumference, it is as follows.

Where φ is diameter (cm) and h is circumferential height (cm).

At this time, the size of one crushed rock is 7 cm in diameter and 7 cm in height, and the result is V _{rock / piece} = 269.4 cm 3, and the number of pieces of rock is required. Since (n) does not overlap each other and can not be inserted, it can be approximately obtained from Equation 6 below, and as a result, it corresponds to about 28.5.

Therefore, the volume V _rock of the entire crushed _rock is as follows.

V _rock = V _{rock / piece} × n = 269.4 × 28.5 = 7,677.9 cm 3

Therefore, the actual volume (V _real ) to which the actual blasting pressure is applied is as follows by Equation 4.

V _real = V _a -V _rock = 15,877.6-7,677.9 = 8,199.7 cm 3

If the void ratio of the air deck space at this time is calculated | required, it is as follows.

Pore ratio = 1- (filled rock volume ÷ air deck volume)

       = 1- (7,6779 ÷ 9,072.9) = 0.154

In addition, when the blasting pressure P _real is obtained in the same manner as described above on the basis of the chamber volume V _real , it becomes 17,480.4 kgf / cm 2, which acts on the blasting hole in FIG. 6A, which is a commonly used rock blasting charging method. Looking at the relationship between the pressure (P _g ) and the gas pressure (P _a ) acting on the blast hole when using the air deck charging method of Figure 6b as follows.

Obtaining a difference between the gas pressure (P _a) that is applied to the blasting holes in the case to take advantage of the air deck charge, method of pressure Figure 6b and the (P _real) obtained in the form of a charge, method of the Figure 7a in this embodiment, P _Δ = P _a -P _real = 5,977.5-17,480.4 = -11,502.9 kgf / cm 2

In addition, the difference between the pressure (P _g ) applied to the blast hole in Figure 6a and the pressure (P _real ) obtained in the charging method of the form of Figure 7a as follows.

P _Δ = P _g -P _real = 26,877.9-17,480.4 = 9.397.5 (kgf / ㎠)

As a result, when the air deck space is replaced with crushed rock in the conventional charging method as shown in FIG. 6b, the working pressure P _{real of the} blast hole is about 192% (about 2) than the charging method such as 6B. Times), it can be seen that there is a pressure reduction of about 35.0% rather than the pressure (P _g ) in the charging method as shown in Figure 6a, the loading method of Figure 6b is about 77.7% pressure compared to the charging method of Figure 6a There will be a decrease.

Therefore, when the conventional air deck charge method is replaced by the charge method according to the present embodiment, it is possible to compensate for the pressure reduction problem caused by the increase in the volume of the chamber, which was a problem in the conventional air deck charge method. By minimizing the pressure drop of gas pressure with the increase, it shows that the action of the first generated gas pressure can be used as efficiently as possible for the destruction of rock.

As a result, in the case of the present embodiment, by increasing the chamber volume compared to the conventional rock blasting method, the area where the gas pressure in the blast hole is applied can increase the degree of crushing, in the case of the conventional air deck charging method Significant pressure reduction due to substantial increase in volume has been a problem, but in this embodiment, this pressure reduction is minimized, so that the action of the first generated gas pressure in the blast hole can be used as efficiently as possible for the breaking action of the rock.

In addition, the length of the effective air deck space compared to the length of the blast hole may be applied by judging by considering the strength of the rock, the state of joint development, the distance between the blast site and the surrounding obstacle, the degree of fracture of the rock.

This embodiment can effectively utilize the gas pressure without changing the gas pressure according to the increase in the chamber volume compared to the conventional air deck method, it is possible to increase the degree of fracture compared to the conventional air deck method.

Moreover, even if the explosive charge is inserted into the blast hole is performed in the same way, in the case of the present invention compared to the conventional air deck method, the gas pressure can be effectively utilized by minimizing the pressure reduction of the gas pressure according to the increase of the chamber volume, so that more crushing Amount can be derived.

In terms of vibration, noise, and scattering, even if the crushing degree of the rock is an appropriate way to effectively increase the amount of explosives required for the reduction of blast pollution, i.e., the situation of FIG. In order to further reduce the length of the suspension for vibration control, it is necessary to switch to the shape of FIG. 4b. In this case, as described above, the space of the air deck 3 is excessively large compared to the length of the suspension 2h. Due to the large pressure reduction, it is difficult to expect the air deck effect, and also the so-called blow-out phenomenon in which gas pressure leaks out of the blast hole without breaking the crushing hole or breaking the blast hole even in the destructive aspect of the rock. Will occur.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, since the blasting operation can be performed without changing the pressure of the gas according to the increase in the chamber volume, compared to the conventional air deck method, when the environmental pollution such as vibration, noise, and scattering becomes a problem, the conventional air deck method Compared to the conventional air deck method, it is possible to reduce the amount of explosive charge, compared to the conventional air deck method.

The act of blocking the opening of the blast hole so that the gas pressure generated by the explosion of explosives in the blast hole does not leak out of the blast hole is commonly called stemming. In this case, the sand has been used as the main species. When the degree is loose or the water content is considerably reduced to dryness, the adhesion between the sand particles and the particles decreases, and the friction force between the sand and the blast wall also decreases, which does not serve to seal the gas pressure, and the gas pressure leaks out. This is a serious safety problem.

However, in the case of this embodiment, the air deck space is filled with rock fragments, and then the chromosomes are filled with the upper part, so that the wedge between the pieces and the pieces of the rock prevents the gas pressure from leaking over the blast hole. By the wedge action of the rock fragments, it becomes possible to more secure color work.

Similarly, the coloration method using the wedge action of the colorant has conventionally used the wedge 9 at the upper part of the blast hole as shown in FIG. 5 at a tunnel blasting site.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

9A is a layout view illustrating a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 9B and 9C illustrate a rock bed using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the present invention. 9D and 9E are layout views showing another modification of the rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rocks according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a present invention. Flow chart showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the.

As shown in Figure 10, the rock blasting method using an air deck (air deck) filled with the rock of the present embodiment is a blast hole drilling step (S21), air deck space forming step (S22), rock carving filling step (S23), It includes explosives and primer charge step (S24), chromosomal filling step (S25) and detonation step (S26), to break up the crushed rock (6).

In the blasting hole drilling step (S21), the plurality of blasting holes 1 are drilled to a predetermined depth by a drilling machine, a drilling device, or the like in a predetermined arrangement in the crushed rock 6 which is the object to be broken in the rock. Arrangement of the blast hole (1) is, of course, can be a variety of arrangements, such as straight, curved.

Air deck 3 space forming step (S22) is to form at least one air deck (3) space consisting of an air layer in the blast hole (1) as shown in Figure 9a. In addition, the sum of the air deck 3 space and the explosive space forms the chamber volume 7.

Rock sculpture filling step (S23) is to fill the rock piece 8 of a predetermined size in the air deck (3) space. For crushed rock, it is preferable to use rock fragments generated at the time of breakage of the surrounding crushed rock or perforation of the blast holes, or to use easily available rock fragments through various routes.

In addition, it is preferable that the pore ratio of the space of the deck 3 filled with the rock fragment 8 is 0.1 to 0.9. The reason for this is that if the void ratio is less than 0.1, the air deck 3 space becomes similar to the sealed state, so that the use of gas pressure at the time of detonation is difficult. If the void ratio is greater than 0.9, the pressure due to the increase of the chamber volume as in the conventional air deck charging method. This is because a reduction can occur.

Therefore, if the size of the rock fragments are too small to be used, there is a lack of free space to pass the gas pressure, rather it serves as a chromosome used to seal the gas pressure, in this case can not expect the air deck effect do.

As a result, the rock fragments 8 filled in the air deck 3 space should use the ones having a predetermined standard, but even if the rock fragments are filled in the air deck 3 space, it is necessary to break the rocks in the blasting walls of this section. Since a space where gas pressure can be fully applied is required, it is preferable to use a fine piece of rock, such as sand, to avoid filling close to a complete seal.

In the explosive charge and detonator charging step (S24), the air deck 3 space is filled in the blasting hole 1 to fill the rock fragments, and the explosive hole 1 is charged with the explosive 2 and the primer (not shown). . As shown in FIG. 9A, the explosives 2 are provided in the middle of the blasting hole 1 drilled on one side of the fractured rock 6 so that the fractured rock 6 can be easily broken when the explosives 2 are detonated. It is preferable.

In the filling material step S25, the filling material is filled in the opening portion of the blast hole 1 to form the coloring part 5. It is preferable that the opening of the blast hole is closed by using the coloring material of microparticles, such as sand, as a coloring material.

Detonation step (S26) is to detonate the explosives (2) in the blast hole (1) by a primer. In this case, the aeration can be a variety of aeration, such as sequential and simultaneous aeration, and a variety of aeration depending on the shape and terrain of the crushed rock.

As shown in Figure 9b, after the charge step (S24) to charge the explosives and primer of the present embodiment, at least one air deck (3) space is further formed in the blast hole (1), and the air deck (3) further formed It is also possible to fill the rock pieces 8 of a predetermined size in the space.

Thus, by filling the rock fragments by forming an air deck space on the upper and lower portions of the explosives (2), it is possible to distribute the gas pressure at the time of detonation, thereby enabling more efficient detonation.

As shown in FIG. 9C, the depth of the blast hole 1 is drilled deeper than the depth of the crushed rock 6, and the air deck 3 space is formed in the portion drilled deeper than the crushed rock 6 and the rock fragments are formed. Of course, it is also possible to fill (8).

In this case, the strength of the rock, the state of joint development, the distance between the blasting site and the surrounding obstacles, the degree of crushing of the rock, etc. can be considered and applied in various ways.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 9d and 9e, as a modification of the present embodiment in the charging step (S24) of the gunpowder and detonation a plurality of gunpowder (2) to the blast hole (1) spaced apart a predetermined distance, gunpowder (2) It is also possible to fill the chromosome 5 in the space between the space to form the chromium portion 5, or to form another air deck (3) space to fill the rock fragment (8).

Thus, by filling the rock fragments by forming an air deck space on the upper and lower portions of the explosives (2), it is possible to distribute the gas pressure at the time of detonation, thereby enabling more efficient detonation.

Therefore, this embodiment is an improvement of the conventional rock blasting method using the air deck, the change of the working pressure of the gas pressure acting in the chamber volume not only increases the chamber volume but also increases the chamber volume for the effective use of the air deck charge method. Is to reduce as much as possible.

In other words, the present invention relates to an air deck charging method aiming to increase the volume of a chamber, and to a blasting method that minimizes the pressure decrease due to the increase of the chamber volume. It is a method of making the action of the gas pressure which has been made available as efficiently as possible for the destruction of rock.

The present invention described above can be embodied in many other forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof. Therefore, the above embodiments are merely examples in all respects and should not be interpreted limitedly.

1 is an explanatory diagram showing a step of converting energy generated when an explosive is exploded in a blast hole;

Figure 2a is a block diagram showing a charging method used in a general rock crushing method.

Figure 2b is a block diagram showing a charging method for utilizing the decoupling effect using an explosive having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

Figure 2c is a photograph showing the tunnel blast according to Figure 2b.

Fig. 2d is a correlation diagram showing the explosion stress in the blast hole with the change of the decoupling coefficient.

3A is a layout view showing a charging method used in a general rock crushing method.

Figure 3b is a layout showing a charging method using a conventional air deck.

Figure 3c is an explanatory diagram showing a charging method using a conventional air deck.

Figure 3d is a graph showing the blasting effect by the charging method using a conventional air deck.

Figure 4a is a block diagram showing an example of a charging method using a conventional air deck.

Figure 4b is a block diagram showing an example for reducing vibration in the conventional charging method using an air deck.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional method using a wedge action.

Figure 6a is a block diagram showing a charge method of rock blasting commonly used.

Figure 6b is a block diagram showing a charging method using a conventional air deck.

Figure 7a is a block diagram showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7b is a layout showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7C and 7D are layout views showing another modified example of a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a flow chart showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9a is a layout showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the present invention.

9b and 9c are layout views showing a modification of the rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the present invention.

9D and 9E are layout views showing another modified example of a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rocks according to another embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a flow chart showing a rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock according to another embodiment of the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: blaster 2: explosive

3: air deck 5: color part

6: fractured rock 7: chamber volume

8: rock carving

Claims (5)

Drilling a plurality of blasting holes in a predetermined arrangement in the rock to a predetermined depth; Loading explosives and detonators into the blast holes; Forming at least one air deck space in the blast hole after the charge; Filling a rock piece of a predetermined size in the air deck space; Filling a whole material into the opening of the blast hole; And And detonating the explosives in the blast hole by a primer. A rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock, characterized in that the pore ratio of the rock space filled with the rock fragments is 0.1 to 0.9. Drilling a plurality of blasting holes in a predetermined arrangement in the rock to a predetermined depth; Forming at least one air deck space in the blast hole; Filling a rock piece of a predetermined size in the air deck space; Filling explosives and charging explosives and primers in the blast holes; Filling a whole material into the opening of the blast hole; And And detonating the explosives in the blast hole by a primer. A rock blasting method using an air deck filled with rock, characterized in that the pore ratio of the rock space filled with the rock fragments is 0.1 to 0.9. The method of claim 2, Forming at least one air deck space in the blast hole after the explosive and the primer are charged; And The rock blasting method using the air deck filled with the rock, characterized in that it further comprises the step of filling the rock pieces of a predetermined size in the air deck space formed further. delete The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Rock blasting using a plurality of gunpowder in the blasting hole, and filling the rock fragments by filling the chromium or forming an air deck space in the separation space of the gunpowder. Way.

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