KR100794774B1 - Temperature compensating circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier. The circuit includes a resistor regulator having a voltage regulator, component arrangement, and two or more resistor units. At least part of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is adjustable. The component arrangement includes at least one component with a known temperature dependency of voltage. The resistor coupling portion forms a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion. The resistor coupling is coupled to the component array to provide the temperature compensation circuit with an output voltage having a temperature dependency that is a function of the known temperature dependence and slope coefficient of the component array.

Resistors, Slope Coefficients, Temperature Compensation Circuits, Voltage Regulators, Amplifiers

Description

Temperature Compensation Circuit {TEMPERATURE COMPENSATING CIRCUIT}

The present invention relates to temperature compensation of the bias voltage of an amplifier.

Temperature compensation of the amplifier's bias voltage is important because the amplifier is generally sensitive to voltage changes in the power supply. This is particularly important in RF power amplifiers, such as, for example, Lateral Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) devices used in base stations in wireless systems.

When the base station is located outdoors, the output voltage of the power supply varies with temperature, and the change is very likely to cause a large change in amplification. In the prior art, temperature compensation has been performed, for example using sensors and microcontrollers, in which a microcontroller with a predetermined control algorithm controls the bias voltage provided by the temperature compensation circuit based on the temperature sensed by the sensor. This kind of solution is very complex and expensive and requires a total circuit board area of tens of square centimeters.

The patent publication US 6,091,279 shows a simpler temperature compensation circuit comprising a temperature dependent component with a 2 mV / ° C. temperature offset characteristic. With a temperature-dependent component the circuit exhibits a constant slope of −2 mV / ° C. as the temperature changes. However, this solution has its drawbacks. Since this slope is constant, the solution cannot be used if the need for compensation is not constant.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved temperature compensation circuit. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, the circuit comprising: a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, and the second terminal Reference voltages between the pairs are thermally stable and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And the resistor coupling portions of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, and the resistor coupling portion is known in the art. Coupled to the at least one component having a predetermined temperature dependency and coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the at least one component in the component arrangement and the temperature dependency that is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit. It is characterized by providing an output voltage having said temperature dependence of.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, the circuit comprising means for regulating a voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage comprises at least three terminals and between the first pair of terminals. Is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And means for forming a slope coefficient, wherein the circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, the circuit comprising a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, and the second terminal pair The reference voltage between is thermally stable, and at least a part of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is a voltage from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one diode having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one diode having a known temperature dependency is forward biased between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And said resistor coupling of two or more resistors forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein said at least one diode having a known temperature dependency is coupled in series with a series resistor and The component arrangement and the series coupling of the series resistor are coupled in parallel with a parallel resistor, the parallel resistor and the series resistor are the resistor of the resistor coupling, and the resistor coupling is the at least one having a known temperature dependency. Coupled to a diode of and between the first pair of terminals of the voltage regulator, having a temperature dependency which is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit and the known temperature dependency of the at least one diode in the component arrangement. Output voltage And it characterized in that.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an amplifier comprising a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit comprising a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, and A reference voltage between the two terminal pairs is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And the resistor coupling portions of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, and the resistor coupling portion is known in the art. Coupled to the at least one component having a predetermined temperature dependency and coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the at least one component in the component arrangement and the temperature dependency that is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit. It is characterized by providing an output voltage having said temperature dependence of.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a transmitter comprising an amplifier with a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein a first voltage pair is provided between the first terminal pair. The voltage is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And the resistor coupling portions of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, and the resistor coupling portion is known in the art. Coupled to the at least one component having a predetermined temperature dependency and coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the at least one component in the component arrangement and the temperature dependency that is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit. It is characterized by providing an output voltage having said temperature dependence of.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a base station comprising an amplifier with a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein a first voltage pair is provided between the first terminal pair. The voltage is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And the resistor coupling portions of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, and the resistor coupling portion is known in the art. Coupled to the at least one component having a predetermined temperature dependency and coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the at least one component in the component arrangement and the temperature dependency that is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit. It is characterized by providing an output voltage having said temperature dependence of.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a user terminal comprising an amplifier with a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises a voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein between the first terminal pair Is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And the resistor coupling portions of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling portion, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, and the resistor coupling portion is known in the art. Coupled to the at least one component having a predetermined temperature dependency and coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the at least one component in the component arrangement and the temperature dependency that is a function of the slope coefficient to the temperature compensation circuit. It is characterized by providing an output voltage having said temperature dependence of.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an amplifier comprising a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit comprising means for regulating a voltage having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable. The reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And means for forming a slope coefficient, wherein the circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a transmitter comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises: means for regulating a voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage is three or more; A terminal, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair ; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And means for forming a slope coefficient, wherein the temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having the temperature dependence which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a base station comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises means for regulating a voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage is three or more; A terminal, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair ; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And means for forming a slope coefficient, wherein the temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having the temperature dependence which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a user terminal comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises: means for regulating a voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage is three; Having the above terminals, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair. Become; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And means for forming a slope coefficient, wherein the temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having the temperature dependence which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the independent claims.

The method and system of the present invention provide several advantages. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature slope can be determined as the ratio of resistors and can be chosen arbitrarily in size. The slope can be predetermined for the amplification component and can be adjusted in production by selecting the appropriate resistor. Moreover, the slope is independent of the nominal voltage setting and thus helps to align production.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the preferred embodiments and the attached drawings, in which:

1A illustrates a wireless system,

1B shows a transmitter,

2A shows one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

2B shows an amplifier,

3 illustrates one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

4 shows one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

5 shows one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

6 illustrates one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

7 illustrates one embodiment of a temperature compensation circuit,

8 shows the performance of the circuit.

The present invention is particularly suitable for, but not limited to, compensating for changes in device characteristics of transistors in power amplifiers of base station transmitters or user terminals operating at radio frequencies.

The wireless system is first described by FIG. A typical digital wireless system includes subscriber equipment 10-14, at least one base station 16, and a base station controller 18, which may also be called a wireless network controller. The subscriber equipment 10-14 communicates with the base station 16 using signals 20-24. The base station 16 may be connected to the base station controller 18 by a digital transmission link 26. The subscriber equipment 10 to 14 may be fixedly installed terminals or may be user equipment installed in a vehicle or a portable mobile terminal. The signals 20-24 between the subscriber equipment 10-14 and the base station 16 may be, for example, digitized, which may be voice, data information, or control information generated by the subscriber or other component within the wireless system. Carry information

1B shows a transmitter. The transmitter includes an encoder 50 for coating an input signal (or a plurality of input signals), a modulator 52 capable of modulating and propagating the signal, and a mixer for mixing the signal with a carrier having a desired radio frequency ( 54) a power amplifier 56 for amplifying the signal to a desired degree, an antenna 58 for transmitting the RF signal as electromagnetic radiation, and a controller 60 for controlling the blocks 50 to 56; It may include. In particular, the controller 60 can be used to control the slope of the temperature compensation circuit.

2A, one example of a temperature compensation circuit is considered. The battery or any other direct current (DC) power supply 100 may provide a constant voltage to the circuit. The power resistor unit R _s 102 may be an internal resistor of the power supply 100 but may also represent a composite of an internal resistor and an external resistor. A voltage regulator 104 such as a programmable precision shunt regulator TL431 or the like may be coupled between the power supply resistor 102 and the negative terminal of the power supply 100.

The voltage regulator 104 may have three terminals 106 to 110. The voltage between the cathode 106 and the first terminal pair, referred to as reference terminal 110, is adjustable and depends on the value of the component between the terminals. Resistor coupling portions 130 of two or more resistor units are coupled between the first terminal pair. The resistor unit other than the resistor unit referred to herein includes at least one resistor. The resistor coupling 130 is connected to a component arrangement 114 of at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, and the component having a known temperature dependency may be a semiconductor or a temperature-dependent resistor. In this example, there is a series coupling of series resistor unit R _d 112 and a semiconductor component (associated with component arrangement 114), which is a parallel resistor unit R _p between the cathode 106 and reference terminal 110. 116 is coupled in parallel. The order of components in the series coupling unit is free. The semiconductor component may be a forward bias diode or a bipolar junction transistor (NPN) having a base and a collector coupled together. For example, the voltage across the forward bias diode (V _d ) depends on temperature, which is approximately:

Where V _d0 is the voltage across the diode at nominal temperature (T ₀ ) and dV / dT is the coefficient defining the change in voltage as the temperature changes. In general, the voltage across a particular terminal pair of temperature-dependent components or combinations of temperature-dependent components can be approximated in a similar manner.

A thermally stable reference voltage is formed through reference resistor R _r 118 between the anode 108 of the voltage regulator and the second terminal pair referred to as reference terminal 110. If the reference voltage is constant, the value of the reference resistor 118 defines the current flowing through the reference resistor 118.

The positive terminal 120 of the temperature compensation circuit at the same potential as the negative electrode 106 of the temperature-dependent component 104 may provide a positive output voltage to the amplifier 124. This may be a gate voltage V _gate of a field effect transistor (FET). The drain voltage V _dd may be taken directly from the power supply 100 as shown in FIG. 2A. A negative output voltage can be coupled to the amplifier 124 from the negative terminal 122 at the same potential as the positive electrode 108 of the temperature-dependent component.

The output voltage V _{out (1)} between the positive output terminal 120 and the negative output terminal 122 may be expressed as follows.

만이 온도 의존성을 가지며, 두 번째 항은 온도에 대해 일정하다. 상기 양극 출력 단자(120) 및 기준 단자(110) 사이의 대안적인 출력 전압(V_out(2))은 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다.As you can see, only the first term

Only has temperature dependence, the second term is constant with respect to temperature. An alternative output voltage V _{out (2)} between the positive output terminal 120 and the reference terminal 110 can be expressed as follows.

을 가진다. 상기 저항기 결합부(130) 내의 저항기 유닛 R_d(112) 및 R_p(116)은 상기 저항기 결합부 내의 저항기 값의 비율인 슬로프 계수

을 형성한다. 상기 슬로프는 상기 저항기의 값을 변경함으로써 변할 수 있다. 상기 저항기 유닛 중 하나는 또한 일정한 값을 가질 수도 있다. 따라서, 단지 하나의 저항기 유닛의 값만이 변화될 필요가 있다. 이는 적절한 저항기 를 선택함으로써 또는 상기 저항기를 조절함으로써 발생할 수 있다.This is because the output voltage V _{out (1)} is a combination of the reference voltage and the adjustable voltage. This alternative output voltage V _{out (2} ) is naturally the same temperature dependent term as in

Has Resistor units R _d 112 and R _p 116 in the resistor coupling unit 130 are slope coefficients that are ratios of resistor values in the resistor coupling unit.

To form. The slope can be changed by changing the value of the resistor. One of the resistor units may also have a constant value. Thus, only the value of one resistor unit needs to be changed. This can occur by selecting an appropriate resistor or by adjusting the resistor.

이 된다.As an example, consider some typical values: V _d0 = 0.3V, T ₀ = 25 ° C, dV / dT = -0.0022V / ° C = -2.2mV / ° C, V _ref = 2.5V. Suppose you want a slope of 0.5 mV / ° C. If the resistor unit R _p is R _p = 10 kΩ, the resistor unit R _d is R _d = 34 kΩ. Therefore, the slope coefficient s is

Becomes

는 상기 출력 전압(V_out(1))(또는 V_out(2))에 의존하지 않는다. 반면에, 상기 출력 전압(V_{out (1)})(또는 V_out(2))은 상기 기준 저항기 유닛 R_r(118)의 값에 의존한다. 따라서, 수학식 2에 따라서 상기 출력 전압(V_{out (1)})은 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다:

. 상기 출력 전압이 3.8V가 될 필요가 있다고 가정하면, 상기 기준 저항기 유닛 R_r(118)의 값은 = 15682Ω이 된다.Clearly, the slope of the output voltage

Does not depend on the output voltage V _{out (1} ) (or V _{out (2)} ). On the other hand, the output voltage V _{out (1)} (or V _{out (2)} ) depends on the value of the reference resistor unit R _r 118. Accordingly, according to Equation 2, the output voltage V _{out (1)} can be expressed as follows:

. Assuming that the output voltage needs to be 3.8V, the value of the reference resistor unit R _r 118 becomes = 15682 Ω.

을 상기 컴포넌트의 슬로프의 합으로서 증가시킨다.As is clear from Equation 2, the maximum slope obtainable is the maximum slope of the temperature-dependent component 114 used above. For silicon diodes the slope is typically approximately -2 mV / ° C. Higher slopes can be obtained by using multiple temperature-dependent components in series. This is the slope

Increases as the sum of the slopes of the components.

이 된다. 상기 온도-의존 컴포넌트가 유사하다면, 상기 결합된 슬로프는 상기 온도-의존 컴포넌트의 개수의 선형 함수이며 단순히

로 표현될 수 있다. 유사한 방식으로, 상기 수학식의 두 번째 항은

로 표현될 수 있다.Where N is the number of said temperature-dependent components. In a similar manner the output voltage depends on the number of threshold voltages of the temperature-dependent component. Therefore, the second term of the equation

Becomes If the temperature-dependent components are similar, the combined slope is a linear function of the number of the temperature-dependent components and simply

It can be expressed as. In a similar manner, the second term of the equation

It can be expressed as.

2B shows circuit 170 of amplifier 150. The input signal may be supplied to the amplifying component 150, which may be a Field Effect Transistor (FET), via a capacitor 152 and an input-matching network 154. The input matching network 154 matches the impedance between the signal source and the amplifying component. The gate of the FET may be coupled to a gate voltage (V _gate ) formed by a temperature compensation circuit through a transmission line 156 or coil, resistor that proves proper impedance. The source can be grounded and the drain can be coupled to the operating voltage V _dd through a coil or transmission line 158 with an appropriate impedance. The output, ie drain, of the amplifier may be coupled to an output matching network 160 which provides the output signal through a capacitor 162. The output-matching network 160 converts an external amplifier load impedance to a level suitable for the amplification component.

Referring to FIG. 3, another example of a temperature compensation circuit is considered. This circuit is basically similar to FIG. 2A, except that other types of voltage regulators, such as LM4041-ADJ, are used. Another difference is the use of an adjustable resistor unit R _epot 212. The resistor unit 212 is mechanically or electronically adjustable. In this case, the reference voltage V _{ref is} formed between the negative electrode 206 (the positive terminal 120 of the circuit) and the reference terminal 210, and the adjustable voltage is the reference terminal 210 and the positive electrode 208. ) (Negative terminal 122 of the circuit). In this case, the output voltage can be expressed as follows.

은 온도 의존적이며, 다른 두 개의 항은 온도에 대해 의존적이지 않다. 상기 슬로프 계수(s)는

가 된다. 수학식 3과 마찬가지로, 상기 기준 단자(210) 및 음극 출력 단자(122) 사이의 출력 전압(V_out(2))은 V_out(2) = V_out(1) - V_ref로 표현될 수 있으며, 여기서 상기 기준 전압(V_ref)은 슬로프에 아무 영향을 미치지 않는다. 상기 슬로프는 저항기 유닛(R_p 및 R_d)의 선택에 의해 제어될 수 있다. 상기 슬로프와 무관하게, 상기 출력 전압의 범위는 조절 가능한 전위차계(potentiometer)를 포함할 수 있는 조절 가능한 저항기 유닛 R_epot(212)에 의해 조절될 수 있다. 상기 전위차계는 전기적으로 제어되는 전위차계일 수 있다.Where the first term

Is temperature dependent, and the other two terms are not temperature dependent. The slope coefficient s is

Becomes As in Equation 3, the output voltage V _{out (2)} between the reference terminal 210 and the negative output terminal 122 may be expressed as V _{out (2)} = V _{out (1)} -V _ref . Where the reference voltage V _ref has no effect on the slope. The slope can be controlled by the selection of resistor units R _p and R _d . Regardless of the slope, the range of the output voltage can be adjusted by an adjustable resistor unit R _epot 212 which may include an adjustable potentiometer. The potentiometer may be an electrically controlled potentiometer.

Assume: V _{out_max} = 4.0V, V _{out_min} = 2.5V, nominal slope dV / dT ₀ =-1.888 mV / ° C, nominal temperature T ₀ = 25 ° C, and number of temperature-dependent components N = 2. This is the calculated value: R _d = 15690 Ω, R _p = 11790 Ω and R _r = 8220 Ω. According to this result, the following may be selected: R _epot = 0 to 10 kΩ, R _r = 8220 Ω, R _p = 12 kΩ, and R _d = 15.1 kΩ. These values show the following _{performance: V out _ max = 4.006V,} V out_min = 2.503V, slope dV / dT = - 1.948mV / ℃ .

Consider another example of the temperature compensation circuit shown in FIG. In this example, the voltage regulator 204 can be LM4041-ADJ or the like. The circuit is basically similar to FIG. 3 except that the temperature-dependent component and resistor coupling 130 are different from that of FIG. Component arrangement 350 of at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage may include NPN bipolar junction transistors Q1 304 and Q2 306. The resistor coupling unit 130 may include a resistor unit R1 300 or R2 302 coupled to the transistor Q1 304. The reference voltage V _ref is formed through the reference resistor unit 118 between the cathode of the voltage regulator 204 and the reference terminal 210.

In this example, the adjustable voltage depending on the value of the limiting resistor unit 308, the adjustable resistor unit 310, the transistor Q1 304 and the resistor coupling unit 130 is the reference terminal 210 and the voltage regulator ( It is formed between the anodes 208 of 204.

Assume a simple temperature dependence of the transistor base voltage V _be on the transistors Q1 and Q2.

는 공칭 온도(T₀)에서의 베이스와 에미터 사이의 전압을 의미하고,

는 온도가 변할 때 전압의 변화를 정의하는 계수이다. 상기 트랜지스터(Q1)의 베이스에서의 노드 전압(V_b)은 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다.here

Means the voltage between the base and emitter at nominal temperature (T ₀ ),

Is a coefficient that defines the change in voltage as the temperature changes. The node voltage V _b at the base of the transistor Q1 may be expressed as follows.

Where I _c is the collector current and β is the current gain. The collector current may be determined as follows.

Assuming that the current gain β is as large as usual (e.g. β = 50 ... 100), substituting I _c in equation (7) for equation (8) and solving for the collector voltage (V _c ) Become together.

Since the reference resistor unit 118 determines the current flowing between the reference terminal 210 and the negative output terminal 122, the output voltage (V _{out (1)} ) can be expressed as follows.

이다. 트랜지스터 Q2(306)가 원칙적으로 필요하지 않더라도, 상기 출력 전압은 입력 신호에 의해서 그것이 없다면 "밀리고 당겨지며", 이는 직선성 결함을 야기할 수 있다. 상기 트랜지스터 Q2(306)의 출력 전압(V_g)은 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다.In the first term, the temperature slope (dV / dT) of the output voltage (V _{out (1)} )

to be. Although transistor Q2 306 is not required in principle, the output voltage is "pulled and pulled" by the input signal without it, which can cause linearity defects. The output voltage V _g of the transistor Q2 306 may be expressed as follows.

은 온도 의존성을 가지며, 다른 항은 온도에 대해 일정하다. 상기 저항기 결합부(130)는 슬로프 계수

을 결정한다. 상기 제한 저항기 유닛 R₃(308)의 기능은 상기 조절 저항기 유닛 R_epot(310)에 의해 수행되는 조절 범위를 제한하는 것이다. 상기 저항기 유닛(310)은 기계적으로 또는 전자적으로 조절 가능하다. 이러한 방식으로 상기 조절 저항기 유닛 R_epot(310)은 출력 전압 수준을 미세하게 조절(fine-tunning)하는데 사용될 수 있다.Similar to the previous example, the first term

Has a temperature dependency and the other term is constant with respect to temperature. The resistor coupling unit 130 has a slope coefficient

Determine. The function of the limiting resistor unit R ₃ 308 is to limit the adjustment range performed by the regulating resistor unit R _epot 310. The resistor unit 310 is mechanically or electronically adjustable. In this way the regulating resistor unit R _epot 310 can be used to fine-tunning the output voltage level.

As an example, assume the following component values: V _ref = 1.1 V, V _be = 0.65 V, dV / dT =-2 mV / ° C. Now assume the following design targets of the temperature compensating _{circuit: V g_min = 2.5V, V g} _ max = 4.0V, dV / dT = - 1.8mV / ℃, R epot = 0 to 10kΩ. For the resistor unit R ₁ 300, a convenient value of 1 kΩ can be selected. This results in the calculated values R ₃ = 5433 Ω, R _ref = 7333 Ω, and R ₂ = 900 Ω. Instead of the calculated value, the standard component may be selected as R ₃ = 4700 Ω, R _ref = 6800 Ω and R ₂ = 910 Ω, where the temperature slope (dV / dT) is dV / dT =-1.82 mV / ° C.

FIG. 5 shows a circuit version different from that of FIG. 4. Although the regulating resistor unit R _epot 310 in FIG. 5 is coupled between resistor 300 and ground instead of coupling between resistor 302 and resistor 308 in FIG. 4, the validity of the circuits of FIGS. The operation is the same.

6 shows a circuit similar to that of FIGS. 4 and 5. The modified design is more suitable because the end-to-end resistance temperature stability of the electronically adjustable potentiometer may be worse than that of the mechanically adjustable potentiometer. Consider the following circuit where an electronically adjustable potentiometer 310 is used to scale the fixed voltage reference 514. Because of the voltage reference, the change in end-to-end resistance will have no effect. Only the differential variation in the resistor chain of the electronically adjustable potentiometer will affect the voltage. The voltage generated by the electronically adjustable potentiometer is applied to the base of the PNP transistor Q1 500 used as the voltage tracker. Transistor Q2 502 is coupled to act like the same diode as the be junction of transistor Q3 504. Proper combination of resistor units R _cs 506 and R _cp 508 allows setting the temperature slope from zero to the temperature slope of a single be junction. It should be noted that the temperature slopes of transistors Q1 and Q3 should at least approximately cancel each other out. As a result, a constant current source 510 is used to maintain the current gain of the transistor and the slope. A voltage regulator such as LM4041-ADJ can be used, which produces an offset voltage 512 in the process.

Assume a simple temperature dependence on the transistor base-emitter saturation voltage.

Start with the Thevenin equivalent voltage source to find the emitter voltage of transistor Q1. Model an electronically adjustable potentiometer as two resistors with k_pot defining the "tap" setting. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is divided into a common TCR to account for the change in end-to-end resistance to temperature and a differential TCR to describe how well the two resistors track each other. Lose. The resistors R _lo 516 and R _hi 518 can be expressed as follows.

Where TCR _c denotes a common TCR, TCR _d denotes a differential TCR, and k _pot is a real number from 0 to 1 representing the wiper position in a mechanical potentiometer similar to an electronic potentiometer. The base current can be inferred from the collector emitter current. The latter is regulated by the current source (I _bias ) used to generate a fixed voltage offset. For convenience, the Thevenin equivalents of the reference voltage and the resistance of the electronically adjustable potentiometer are used as follows.

The base voltage of transistor Q1 can now be expressed as follows.

Since the current gain β is generally large, the second term in Equation 17 can be omitted, so that approximately V _b1 and V _thev are equal.

This leads to emitter voltage V _c1 of transistor Q1.

The base voltage of the transistor Q2 can be expressed as follows.

The node equation at the junction of R _cs / R _cp can be written by the voltage V _prime at the node.

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This time the base voltage of transistor Q3 can be determined as follows.

This leads to a voltage (V _gate ) to be applied to the gate of the LDMOS device.

As a result, the temperature slope at nominal temperature T ₀ can be expressed as follows (β is assumed to be large).

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To find the component values needed for the power amplifier circuit, we start with a known constant. Assume a typical transistor with V _{be _ nom} = 0.65 V, dV _be / dT =-2 mV / ° C, β = 50. _{Additionally, V g_min = 2.5V, V g_max} = 4.0V, s = - 1.8mV / ℃, I bias = 1mA , and V _ref = 1.225V the design goals and _{R epot = 10kΩ, N steps =} 256, V offset = 1.1 Assume details of an electrically adjustable potentiometer with V, TRC _c = 0.00075 ° C./Ω and TRC _d = 0.00003 ° C./Ω. With this assumption, the following components can be selected: R _cp = 12 kΩ and R _cs = 1 kΩ. The temperature slope s becomes s =-1.846 mV / ° C at the minimum setting of the electrically adjustable potentiometer, s =-1.799 mV / ° C at the middle setting, and s = 1.846 mV / ° C at the maximum setting. With respect to the setting from a practical point of view, the slope change can be considered constant.

The resistance value of the electronically adjustable potentiometer and the resulting nominal voltage may be regulated during the manufacture of the device or during the daily use of the device. For example, aging of the temperature-dependent component can be considered and the bias voltage can be adapted to changes in temperature dependency. This can be done by changing the voltage as a function of time or as some other measurable performance measure. Another possibility is to measure or otherwise determine the change in the slope of the amplifying component and to adapt the slope formed by the temperature compensation to the change.

7 shows a circuit with variable voltage and temperature slopes. In FIG. 7, the circuit is similar to the circuit of FIG. 6 except that resistor units 506 and 508 are replaced with adjustable potentiometer 700 to provide an adjustable slope mechanism. Therefore, the resistor coupling portion includes an adjustable potentiometer for adjusting the slope coefficient, the adjustable potentiometer being an adjustable function of the known temperature dependence and slope coefficient of at least one component in the component arrangement 114 in the temperature compensation circuit. Provide an output voltage with temperature dependence. The potentiometer 700 may be a mechanically adjustable potentiometer or an electronically adjustable potentiometer (similar to potentiometer 310 of FIG. 6). Resistor 702 with a value of k · R _pot may be considered to correspond to resistor unit 506, where R _pot is the total resistance of the potentiometer and k is a real number from 0 to 1. In a similar manner, a resistor 704 having a value of the value i · R _pot can be considered to correspond to the resistor unit 508, where i is a real number from 0 to 1 such that k = 1-i. It is also possible for the adjustable potentiometer 700 to replace only one of the resistor units 506, 508.

The amplifier may be switched off when there is no input signal to the amplifier. This can be done by setting the minimum output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit below the threshold of the amplifying component. For example, if the gate voltage of a Lateral Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor that can be used as an amplifying component drops below a certain threshold voltage specified by the manufacturer, no current can flow between the drain and the source, so that the component Can be turned off.

8 shows an operation and an example of the temperature compensation circuit of FIGS. 4 and 5. The output voltage V _g has a slope s =-1.82 mV / ° C., and the level of the output voltage can be controlled independently of the slope between 2.5 V and 4.0 V. The slope can vary substantially such that, for example, a range of -1.5 mV / ° C to -4.0 mV / ° C may be required.

The voltage regulator may be any kind of circuit that functions as a voltage comparator to a temperature compensation reference. The voltage regulator may be an integrated or separate device having three or more terminals.

While the invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments in accordance with the accompanying drawings, it is apparent that the invention is not limited thereto and may be modified in many ways within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (22)

As a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is Provided from a first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising the resistor coupling portion of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, The resistor coupling portion is coupled to the at least one component having a known temperature dependency and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, so that the temperature compensation circuit functions as a function of the slope coefficient in the component arrangement. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one component. The method of claim 1, And said output voltage of said temperature compensation circuit is a combination of voltages from said first terminal pair and said second terminal pair. The method of claim 1, The component arrangement comprises at least one diode, each component being a component having a known temperature dependency, forward biased between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, The component arrangement is coupled in series with a series of resistor units, And the series coupling portion of the component arrangement and the series resistor unit are coupled in parallel with a parallel resistor unit, and the parallel resistor unit and the series resistor unit are resistor units of the resistor coupling portion. The method of claim 1, The component arrangement comprises a bipolar junction transistor as a component having a known temperature dependency, A first resistor unit is coupled between the base and the emitter of the transistor, And a second resistor unit is coupled between the base and the collector of the transistor, and the first and second resistor units are resistor units of the resistor coupling portion. The method of claim 1, An adjustable resistor unit is coupled between the first terminal pairs to provide an adjustable output voltage independent of the temperature dependence, the adjustable resistor unit comprising at least one resistor Temperature compensation circuit. The method of claim 5, A limiting resistor unit is coupled in series with the adjustable resistor unit between the first terminal pairs to limit the adjustment range. The method of claim 5, And said adjustable resistor unit is an electronically adjustable resistor unit. The method of claim 1, A transistor is coupled between the first terminal pair, an electronically adjustable resistor unit is coupled to the base of the transistor, a constant voltage is coupled to the electronically adjustable resistor unit, and the electronically adjustable resistor unit is And adjust the voltage supplied to the base of the transistor to provide an adjustable output voltage independent of temperature dependence. The method of claim 8, The electronically adjustable resistor unit is configured to adjust the adjustable output voltage below a threshold voltage of the amplifier to turn off the amplifier when there is no input signal supplied to the amplifier. The method of claim 1, The temperature compensation circuit further comprises a bipolar junction transistor, wherein the collector of the bipolar junction transistor is coupled to a positive terminal of a power source and the base of the bipolar junction transistor is coupled to an output of the temperature compensation circuit, And the emitter is an output terminal. The method of claim 1, And said at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage is a semiconductor component. The method of claim 1, The resistor coupling portion includes an adjustable potentiometer for adjusting the slope coefficient, wherein the adjustable potentiometer is the temperature dependence that is the known temperature dependence of the at least one component in the component arrangement and the adjustable function of the slope coefficient. Providing an output voltage having the temperature compensation circuit to the temperature compensation circuit. As a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, Means for regulating the voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage comprises three or more terminals, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and At least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And Means for forming a slope coefficient, The circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient. As a temperature compensation circuit for an amplifier, A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is The voltage from the first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one diode having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one diode having a known temperature dependency is forward biased between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising said resistor coupling of two or more resistors forming a slope coefficient as a proportion of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein said at least one diode having a known temperature dependency is coupled in series with a series resistor, The series coupling of the component arrangement and the series resistor are coupled in parallel with a parallel resistor, the parallel resistor and the series resistor are the resistor of the resistor coupling, The resistor coupling portion is coupled to the at least one diode having a known temperature dependency and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, so that the temperature compensation circuit functions as a function of the slope coefficient in the component arrangement. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one diode. An amplifier comprising a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit, A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is Provided from a first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising the resistor coupling portion of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, The resistor coupling portion is coupled to the at least one component having a known temperature dependency and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, so that the temperature compensation circuit functions as a function of the slope coefficient in the component arrangement. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one component. A transmitter comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises: A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is Provided from a first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising the resistor coupling portion of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, The resistor coupling portion is coupled to the at least one component having a known temperature dependency and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, so that the temperature compensation circuit functions as a function of the slope coefficient in the component arrangement. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one component. A base station comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter, A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is Provided from a first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising the resistor coupling portion of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, The resistor coupling is coupled to the at least one component having a known temperature dependence and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, the temperature dependence and the component arrangement being a function of the slope coefficient in the temperature compensation circuit. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one component within. A user terminal comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter, A voltage regulator having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is Provided from a first terminal pair; A component arrangement comprising at least one component having a known temperature dependency of voltage, wherein the at least one component having a known temperature dependency is coupled between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator; And Comprising the resistor coupling portion of at least two resistor units forming a slope coefficient as a ratio of the value of the resistor in the resistor coupling, wherein each of the resistor units comprises at least one resistor, The resistor coupling portion is coupled to the at least one component having a known temperature dependency and between the first terminal pair of the voltage regulator, so that the temperature compensation circuit functions as a function of the slope coefficient in the component arrangement. Providing an output voltage having said known temperature dependency of said at least one component. An amplifier comprising a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit, Means for regulating a voltage having three or more terminals, wherein the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and at least of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit. A portion is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And Means for forming a slope coefficient, The circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient. A transmitter comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter comprises: Means for regulating the voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage comprises three or more terminals, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and At least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And Means for forming a slope coefficient, And the temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient. A base station comprising an amplifier with a temperature compensation circuit, the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter being: Means for regulating the voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage comprises three or more terminals, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and At least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And Means for forming a slope coefficient, The temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient. A user terminal comprising an amplifier having a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the temperature compensation circuit of the transmitter, Means for regulating the voltage, wherein the means for regulating the voltage comprises three or more terminals, the voltage between the first terminal pair is adjustable, the reference voltage between the second terminal pair is thermally stable, and At least a portion of the output voltage of the temperature compensation circuit is provided from the first terminal pair; Means for providing a known temperature dependency; And Means for forming a slope coefficient, And the temperature compensation circuit is configured to provide an output voltage having a temperature dependency which is a function of the known temperature dependence and the slope coefficient.

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