KR100716722B1 - Apparatus and method for ultra wideband communication - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ultra-wideband communication apparatus and method, wherein the ultra-wideband communication apparatus generates N transmission pulses by multiplying a binary phase signal converted from data bits to be transmitted by N base pulses time-bound. ; And an adder for summing the N transmit pulses received from the transmit pulse generator.

According to the present invention, it is possible to implement an ultra-wideband communication system in which the shape and width of a transmission pulse are constant and the number of template waveforms used in the correlator when receiving is reduced, thereby simplifying the structure of the receiver.

Description

Apparatus and method for ultra wideband communication

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an ultra-wideband communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of a transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention during 8-ary signal transmission.

3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of a receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention during 8-ary signal transmission.

The present invention relates to an ultra-wideband communication apparatus and method, and in particular, in a wireless transmission system requiring high-speed transmission such as wireless home networking, the structure of a receiver is simplified by transmitting to M-ary using a base pulse having orthogonality. An ultra-wideband communication device and method.

The wireless data transmission technology used in cellular mobile communication, satellite communication, and television broadcasting uses UWB (carrier) to convert a baseband signal into a radio frequency signal to transmit information. Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, especially UWB Impulse Radio (IR) technology, uses a short pulse of less than 1 nanosecond to generate a '0' and '1' pulse, an electrical signal that has a certain period and waveform without using a carrier wave. 'Is a communication method that expresses data of' and transmits as baseband signal.

Recently, communication technologies such as CDMA are used for long-distance high-speed communication, while UWB has low power consumption, no modulation / demodulation work, and low energy density per frequency, which is why the short-range wireless communication that replaces Bluetooth, WLAN, etc. It is attracting attention as a new technology.

In the conventional UWB technology, pulse position modulation (hereinafter referred to as PPM) is defined as in Equation 1.

개의 프레임을 사용함이 일반적이다.

는 프레임 시간(duration)을 나타내며, j는 프레임 인덱스이다.UWB technology to transmit frame by frame to transmit one data bit

It is common to use two frames.

Denotes a frame duration, and j is a frame index.

는 k번째 사용자의 j번째 시간도약 코드이며,

는 다원접속을 위한 칩(chip)의 시간간격이다.On the other hand, UWB technology generally uses Time Hopping Multiple Access to support multiple users. Time hopping is time-shifted by multiplying the time hopping code by the time of the chip. time-shift). In the above formula

Is the j th time jump code for the k th user,

Is the time interval of the chip for multiple access.

는 전송되는 모노 임펄스 파형이며,

는 비트 ‘0’과 ‘1’을 구분하기 위해 상기 모노 임펄스를 시간축상 앞 또는 뒤로 위치시키는 시간 간격이다.

는 k 번째 사용자의

번째 데이터 비트를 나타낸다.

Is the mono impulse waveform being transmitted,

Is a time interval for positioning the mono impulse forward or backward on the time axis to distinguish bits '0' and '1'.

Of k th user

Indicates the first data bit.

In the conventional UWB technology, pulse amplitude modulation (hereinafter referred to as PAM) is defined as in Equation 2.

성분은 없어진 대신, 전송할 데이터 값에 따라

의 진폭이나 부호가 달라지는 형태의 식이 된다. 즉, PPM 방식은 펄스가 정해진 위치에 있으면 ‘0’을 나타내고, 그곳에서 시간

만큼 타임 쉬프트 (time-shift)한 경우를 ’1’로 하는 변조 방식이고, PAM 방식은 펄스의 진폭이 특정값 이상이면 ‘1’, 이하이면 ‘0’이 되도록 변조하는 방식으로 이진위상 변조(bi-phase modulation) 방식이 이에 포함된다.Unlike Equation 1

The component is gone, instead of depending on the data value

It is an expression of the form in which the amplitude and the sign of are different. That is, the PPM method indicates '0' when the pulse is in a predetermined position, and the time there is

The PAM method is a modulation method that modulates the pulse to be '1' if the amplitude of the pulse is greater than or equal to a certain value and '0' if it is less than or equal to a specific value. This includes bi-phase modulation.

)으로 전송하는 M-ary PPM 방식이 있다. 이러한 방식들의 경우 수신측의 상관기에 사용하는 템플릿 파형들의 개수는 일반적으로 M개가 되므로, 템플릿 파형들이 많아져 수신기의 구조가 복잡하다는 제약이 있다.Meanwhile, as a method for M-ary transmission in a UWB system, a multi-level PAM method and PPM pulses that transmit pulse levels differently at different time intervals (

), There is an M-ary PPM method. In such cases, since the number of template waveforms used in the correlator of the receiving side is generally M, there are constraints that the structure of the receiver is complicated due to a large number of template waveforms.

According to the present invention, when the M-ary signal is transmitted and received in the ultra-wide band, by using a base pulse having orthogonality, the structure of the receiver by reducing the number of template pulses used in the correlator at the time of reception It is possible to implement an ultra-wideband communication system which makes it simple.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultra-wideband communication apparatus, comprising: a transmission pulse generation unit generating N transmission pulses by multiplying a binary phase signal converted from data bits to be transmitted by N base pulses time-bounded; And an adder for summing the N transmit pulses received from the transmit pulse generator.

In the ultra-wideband communication device, the base pulse is expressed by the following equation.

It is preferable that it is obtained by substituting as many as N the said natural number in n, or by linearly combining the N pulses obtained by the substitution.

The ultra-wideband communication method according to the present invention for achieving the above technical problem comprises the steps of converting a data bit to be transmitted into a binary phase signal; Generating N time pulses to time-lapse; Multiplying the time-bound N base pulses by the binary phase signal; And summing and transmitting the multiplied N pulses.

In the ultra-wideband communication method, the base pulse is expressed by the following equation.

It is preferable that it is obtained by substituting as many as N the said natural number in n, or by linearly combining the N pulses obtained by the substitution.

Hereinafter, a method and an apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an ultra-wideband communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a transmitter 100 and a receiver 200.

The transmission apparatus includes an S / P unit 110, a binary phase signal generator 120, a transmission pulse generator 130, a summer 140, and a transmitter 150.

비트씩 병렬로 이진위상신호 생성부(120)에 전달한다.When the data bit stream to be transmitted is input, the S / P unit 110 is adapted for M-ary signal transmission.

The bits are transmitted to the binary phase signal generator 120 in parallel.

The binary phase signal generation unit 120 converts the bits received from the S / P unit 110 into a bi-phase signal, respectively. For example, when an 8-ary transmission receives a value of 0,1,0, it is converted to -1, 1, -1.

The transmission pulse generator 130 generates N base pulses to time-hop and multiplies each binary phase signal to generate a transmission pulse.

Orthogonality is required in order that the plurality of base pulses do not affect each other. In the present invention, as the base pulse having the orthogonality, a modified Hermite Polynomial (hereinafter referred to as MHP) is defined as the following equation. Use

The MHP is a base pulse suitable for UWB systems because the pulse interval and bandwidth are similar regardless of the order, and the number of points passing through the zero in the order and time axis is the same.

By generating N base pulses from the MHP, the base functions of the number can be obtained by substituting N natural numbers such as 1, 2, 3 or 1, 3, 4 into n in the above equation. Alternatively, since MHP itself has orthogonality, it can be obtained by linear combination of base pulses obtained through the above process.

라고 하면 상기

자체로 기저펄스가 될 수 있으며, 뿐만 아니라 상기 펄스의 선형결합, 예컨대,

,

,

도 기저펄스가 될 수 있다.For example, for 8-ary transmission, three base pulses are required, and the pulse obtained by substituting n = 1, 2, 3

Speaking above

Can itself be a base pulse, as well as a linear combination of said pulses, e.

,

,

It can also be a base pulse.

와 칩시간

을 승산한 값만큼 상기 발생된 N개의 기저펄스를 타임쉬프트한다. 상기 시간도약코드로는 많은 코드들이 이미 공지되어 있다.On the other hand, as a time jump method, the time jump code as described above

And chip time

Time shifts the generated N basis pulses by a value multiplied by. Many codes are already known as such time jump codes.

The summer 140 sums the N pulses provided from the transmission pulse generator 130 and outputs one pulse.

The transmitter 150 transmits the output signal of the summer 140 to an ultra wideband channel.

The following equation shows a transmission signal by the above process in M-ary transmission.

의 관계를 만족하며, k는 사용자 인덱스이다.Where N is the number of basis functions required for M-ary transmission.

Where k is the user index.

은 M-ary 신호의 열(stream)이 있는 경우 m번째의 M-ary신호에 해당되는 이진 위상 신호이다. UWB의 특성상 한 개의 데이터를 전송하기 위해서 프레임을 Ns번 반복해서 전송하므로, 결국, M-ary 신호 하나를 전송하기 위해

시간이 필요하다. j가 프레임인덱스이므로

의 관계를 이룬다.

Is a binary phase signal corresponding to the m-th M-ary signal when there is a stream of M-ary signals. Due to the characteristics of UWB, the frame is repeatedly transmitted Ns times to transmit one data, so in order to transmit one M-ary signal

I need time. j is the frame index

Form a relationship.

은 두번째 신호인 6에 해당되는 110이 각각 이진위상신호로 변환된 값인 1, 1, -1이다.For example, an 8-ary signal sequence may be 3, 6, 4,... When I say

Is 1, 1, and -1, wherein 110 corresponding to 6, the second signal, is converted to a binary phase signal, respectively.

On the other hand, the transmitter output signal passes through channels such as AWGN channel, fading channel, UWB channel, etc. In particular, when the synchronization between the transmission and reception signals in the AWGN channel environment is matched, each base pulse by the correlation characteristics between the base pulses Since they do not affect other base pulses, they are independent of each other.

The receiving device 200 includes a receiver 210, a signal correlation unit 220, a hard decision unit 230, and a P / S unit 240.

Receiver 210 receives a signal on an ultra-wideband channel.

)만큼 적분을 하여 얻어진다.The signal correlation unit 220 calculates and outputs N correlations by correlating the received signals with time-bound N base pulses in units of frames. The method of generating the time-bound N base pulses, i.e., template waveforms, is as described in the transmitter. The correlation between the received signal and the N template waveforms is determined by multiplying the received signal by each template waveform,

It is obtained by integrating by).

The hard decision unit 230 receives a correlation degree for each bit from the signal correlation unit 220 and makes a hard decision on each bit. That is, it is determined which value the transmitted bit value has based on the correlation value. For example, it is determined as 1 if the correlation value is greater than 0, and 0 otherwise.

On the other hand, in order to transmit one bit value due to the characteristics of the UWB, Ns frames are repeatedly transmitted, and the signal correlation unit 200 processes the received signal in units of frames, thereby calculating Ns correlation values for each bit. That is, the hard decision unit 230 receives Ns correlation values from the signal correlation unit 330 for each bit value. Therefore, the hard decision unit 230 preferably performs a hard decision based on a result of averaging the Ns correlation values.

The P / S unit 240 receives the bit values determined by the hard decision unit 230 in parallel and outputs them in a series of bit strings.

2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of the transmitting apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention during 8-ary signal transmission.

가 있을 때 현재 전송할 데이터 비 트가

일 때의 예를 든다. S/P부(110)의 출력은

이 되며, 상기 값들은 이진위상신호 생성부(120)를 통해

로 변환된다. Data bit columns

When present, the data bit to be sent

Give an example when The output of the S / P unit 110

The values are obtained through the binary phase signal generator 120.

Is converted to.

를 생성하여, 상기 기저펄스들을 시간도약값

만큼 타임 쉬프트시킨다. 상기 타임 쉬프트된 펄스는 상기 이진위상신호 각각과 곱해지며 합산기(140)를 통해 하나의 신호로 출력되어 UWB 채널상에 놓이게 된다.Meanwhile, the transmission pulse generator 130 has three base pulses

To generate the time pulses

Time shift by. The time shifted pulse is multiplied by each of the binary phase signals and output as a signal through the summer 140 to be placed on the UWB channel.

3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation of the receiving apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention during 8-ary signal transmission.

Three correlation values are obtained by multiplying the received signal by three template waveforms and integrating for the frame time. Meanwhile, since Ns correlation values are obtained for one data bit, the correlation values are averaged to determine a bit value.

The three bit values output in parallel from the hard decision unit 230 are output as part of a series of data bit streams through the P / S unit 240.

4 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of an ultra-wideband communication apparatus and method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the data bits to be transmitted are converted into binary phase signals through the binary phase signal generator 120 (step 400).

After generating N base pulses, time leaps (step 410). The time jump and the method of generating the base pulse are as described above.

The N pulses multiplied by the time-bound N base pulses and the binary phase signal are output from the transmission pulse generator 130 (step 420).

On the other hand, the binary phase signal conversion step, the base pulse generation process, time hopping process, multiplication process is not limited to the above order, of course.

The multiplied N transmit pulses are summed through the summer 140 and placed on the ultra-wideband channel through the transmitter 150 (step 430).

The signal placed on the ultra-wideband channel is received through the receiver 210 of the receiver 200, and the received signal is correlated with N base pulses time-bound through the signal correlator 220, and thus N correlations. Is obtained (step 440). The method of obtaining the correlation is as described above.

Each bit value is determined through the hard decision unit 230 from the given correlation (step 450). The determination method is as described above.

Such a method and apparatus of the present invention have been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings for clarity, but these are merely exemplary, and various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible to those skilled in the art. Will understand. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims.

According to the present invention, it is possible to implement an ultra-wideband communication system in which the shape and width of a transmission pulse are constant and the number of template waveforms used in the correlator when receiving is reduced, thereby simplifying the structure of the receiver.

Claims (6)

A transmission pulse generator for generating N transmission pulses by multiplying the binary phase signal converted from the data bits to be transmitted by the N orthogonal base pulses which are time-hopped; And And an adder configured to add the N transmit pulses received from the transmit pulse generator. The method of claim 1, The orthogonal low pulse is expressed by the following equation

and n obtained by substituting the number of different natural numbers into n, or by linearly combining the N orthogonal low pulses obtained by the substitution. A signal correlator for correlating the received signal with the time-hopped N orthogonal low pulses to calculate N correlations; And And a hard decision unit determining each bit value based on a correlation degree received from the signal correlation unit. And the received signal is a signal that is received as a transmitter transmits a sum of N transmission pulses generated by multiplying a binary phase signal with N orthogonal low pulses time-bound. Converting the data bits to be transmitted into binary phase signals; Generating N orthogonal low pulses to time-lapse; Multiplying the time-bound N orthogonal low pulses by the binary phase signal; And And summing and transmitting the multiplied N pulses. The method of claim 4, wherein The orthogonal low pulse is expressed by the following equation

The method is obtained by substituting as many as N the number of different natural numbers into n or by linearly combining the N orthogonal low pulses obtained by the substitution. Computing N correlations by correlating the received signals with N time-orthogonal basal pulses; And Determining each bit value based on the calculated correlation; The received signal is an ultra-wideband reception method, characterized in that the signal is received as the transmitter transmits the sum of the N transmission pulses generated by multiplying the binary phase signal by the N times orthogonal basal pulses.

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