KR100708758B1 - Methode for integrated and automatic work of NC data creation - Google Patents
Methode for integrated and automatic work of NC data creation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명은 NC 데이터 및 NC 작업 지시서 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화 방법에 관한 발명으로서, 상세하게는 a) 공정계획 DB를 바탕으로 피삭물의 가공조건, 절삭공구요건 및 가공방법으로 구성된 가공공정이 순차적으로 NC 데이터에 저장되는 단계; b) CAM 시스템을 이용하여 상기 NC 데이터에 순차적으로 저장된 가공공정에 따라 피삭물의 NC 데이터가 생성되는 단계; c) CAD 모델에 의한 모의 가공을 이용하여 NC 데이터의 형상 오류가 검출되는 단계; d) 피삭물의 가공 완료 후 생성된 실제 데이터와 상기 c) 단계의 NC 데이터가 비교되어 검출된 오차가 보정된 새로운 가공공정이 DB에 다시 저장되는 단계; 로 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 및 NC 작업 지시서를 생성하는 방법은 NC 데이터 생성 업무 효율화하고, 가공 지식의 축적 및 활용이 가능하며, 공정, 부서별 데이터활용의 효율화 및 생산시간 단축할 수 있는 장점이 있다.The present invention relates to a method for consistent and automated NC data and NC work order generation task, in detail, a) the processing process consisting of the processing conditions, cutting tool requirements and processing methods of the workpiece based on the process plan DB sequentially Stored in the NC data; b) generating NC data of the workpiece according to a machining process sequentially stored in the NC data using a CAM system; c) detecting a shape error of the NC data using simulation by the CAD model; d) comparing the actual data generated after completion of the workpiece with the NC data of step c) and storing the new machining process in which the detected error is corrected in the DB; Characterized in that consisting of. The method of generating NC data and NC work instruction according to the present invention has the advantages of streamlining NC data generation work, accumulating and utilizing machining knowledge, and shortening production time and efficiency of data utilization by process and department.
CAM, 데이터 일관화, 자동화, 가공공정계획, NC 데이터, 작업지시서CAM, data consistency, automation, process planning, NC data, work orders
Description
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화 방법을 나타내는 순서도이다.1 is a flow chart showing a method of coherence and automation of the NC data generation task according to the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 가공공정계획 수립 절차에 대한 순서도이다.2 is a flow chart for a machining process planning procedure according to the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 생성 절차에 대한 순서도이다.3 is a flowchart of an NC data generation procedure according to the present invention.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 검증 및 최적화 절차에 대한 순서도이다.4 is a flowchart of an NC data verification and optimization procedure according to the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태의 공정 흐름도이다.5 is a process flow diagram of yet another aspect of the present invention.
도 6은 본 발명의 또 다른 양태의 공정 흐름도이다.6 is a process flow diagram of yet another aspect of the present invention.
고능률 가공 (High performance machining)을 위한 본 발명은 NC 데이터 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention for high performance machining relates to a method of coherence and automation of NC data generation tasks.
가공데이터는 NC 설비에 전달할 NC 데이터와 가공 작업자에게 전달하는 셋업, 공구준비 및 가공 방법에 대한 정보가 포함된 작업지시서로 구성된다. 또한, NC 데이터는 공구의 이동 궤적, 공구의 회전수와 이송속도의 정보를 포함한다. 고능률 가공을 위한 NC 데이터란 최종적인 가공물의 형상이 원하는 정도를 만족하도록 공구의 이동궤적을 생성하고, 원하는 품질을 만족하는 범위에서 가공시간을 최소화할 수 있는 이송속도가 부여된 데이터를 의미한다.Machining data consists of NC data to be sent to the NC plant and work orders containing information on the setup, tool preparation and machining methods to be delivered to the machine operator. In addition, the NC data includes information about the movement trajectory of the tool, the rotation speed of the tool, and the feed speed. NC data for high-efficiency machining refers to data given a feed rate that generates the tool's movement trajectory so that the shape of the final workpiece satisfies the desired degree and minimizes the machining time in the range that satisfies the desired quality. .
가공 데이터를 생성하는 절차는 CAD 모델을 분석하여 사용할 공구와 가공조건, 가공순서 등의 가공공정이 결정되며, 결정된 가공공정대로 CAM 시스템에 입력되며 NC 데이터가 생성되고, 생성된 NC 데이터의 형상 오류가 검증되며, 가공 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 NC 검증 및 최적화되고, 작업지시서가 발행되게 된다. In the process of generating machining data, the CAD model is analyzed and the machining process such as tool, machining condition, and processing order are determined, and it is input into the CAM system according to the determined machining process, NC data is generated, and the shape error of the generated NC data Are verified, NC validated and optimized to improve machining efficiency, and work orders are issued.
상용 CAM 시스템 개발 업체들은 CAD 모델을 입력으로 하여 한 번의 클릭으로 NC 데이터를 자동으로 생성하는 즉, 가공공정이 수립되는 단계와 NC 데이터가 생성되는 단계를 자동화하는 CAPP (computer-automated process planning) 시스템 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다.
또 한편으로는 가공의 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 적정한 절삭조건의 선택과 가공부하에 따른 테이블 이송속도 조절에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있고, 상용 시스템도 일부 출시되고 있으나 아직 시험 단계에 있으며, 특히 피삭물의 가공 완료 후 생성된 실제 데이터와 가공 전 단계의 NC 데이터의 검증 및 최적화 데이터와 비교하여 비교된 오차가 보정되어 공정계획 DB에 반영되는 단계를 도입함으로서 모의가공이 실제 가공에 가깝도록 하는 NC 데이터 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화를 구현한 방법에 대해서는 구체적으로 공지된 바가 없다.Commercial CAM system developers use computer-automated process planning (CAPP) systems that automatically generate NC data with one-click input of CAD models. It is spurring development.
On the other hand, research on the selection of appropriate cutting conditions and the adjustment of the table feed rate according to the processing load to improve the efficiency of machining is being conducted. Some commercial systems are also being released but are still in the testing stage. Compared with the actual data generated after completion and NC data verification and optimization data at the pre-machining stage, the comparison error is corrected and reflected in the process plan DB. There is no specific method for implementing the coherence and automation.
본 발명은 고능률 가공을 위한 가공데이터 생성 업무 효율화의 새로운 접근방법으로써, 현재 각 공장이 보유한 고유의 가공지식을 정보화 하고, 이를 보유 상용 시스템들과 잘 융합하여 사용할 수 있도록 지원하는 제조 준비 시스템 (MPS: manufacturing preparation system)에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 현장 가공에서의 경험과 노하우 그리고 공장의 보유 설비, 공구, 가공표준 등을 체계화하여 DB화하고, 가공공정계획 단계에서의 사용자의 의사결정을 지원하도록 하며, 사용자가 동일한 정보를 재입력하지 않도록 CAM 시스템, 검증 시스템 등과 연동함으로써 사용자의 개입 없이 이후 단계의 업무가 자동적으로 수행되도록 하며, 관련 부서에서 가공관련 데이터를 공유할 수 있도록 NC 데이터 생성 업무를 일관화하고 자동화하는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention is a new approach to streamline the processing data generation task efficiency for high efficiency processing, manufacturing preparation system that supports the use of the current and unique processing knowledge of each plant, and can be used in fusion with commercial systems ( The present invention relates to a manufacturing preparation system (MPS) , and an object of the present invention is to systematically make a DB by systematically manufacturing experience, know-how in the field processing, and the facilities, tools, and processing standards of a factory, and to make user's decision in the process planning stage. By interlocking with CAM system and verification system to prevent users from re-inputting the same information, the next step is automatically performed without user's intervention, and NC data to share processing-related data in related departments. It provides a way to consistently and automate creation tasks.
본 발명은 NC 데이터 및 작업지시서 생성 업무를 일관화하고 자동화하는 방법에 관한 발명으로서, 상세하게는 a) 공정계획 DB를 바탕으로 피삭물의 가공조건, 절삭공구요건 및 가공방법으로 구성된 가공공정이 순차적으로 NC 데이터에 저장되는 단계; b) CAM 시스템을 이용하여 상기 NC 데이터에 순차적으로 저장된 가공공정에 따라 피삭물의 NC 데이터가 생성되는 단계; c) CAD 모델에 의한 모의 가공을 이용하여 NC 데이터의 형상 오류가 검출되는 단계; d) 피삭물의 가공 완료 후 생성된 실제 데이터와 상기 c) 단계의 NC 데이터가 비교되어 검출된 오차가 보정된 새로운 가공공정이 DB에 다시 저장되는 단계; 로 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다. The present invention relates to a method for consistently and automating the work of generating NC data and work orders, and more specifically, a) based on a process plan DB, a machining process consisting of machining conditions, cutting tool requirements, and processing methods is sequentially performed. Stored in the NC data; b) generating NC data of the workpiece according to a machining process sequentially stored in the NC data using a CAM system; c) detecting a shape error of the NC data using simulation by the CAD model; d) comparing the actual data generated after completion of the workpiece with the NC data of step c) and storing the new machining process in which the detected error is corrected in the DB; Characterized in that consisting of.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예를 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화 방법을 나타내는 순서도를 도시한 것으로써, CAD 모델을 입력으로 하여 NC 데이터와 작업 지시서를 출력물로 생성한다. 내부적으로 가공공정계획에 대한 DB를 구성하며, 과거 유사한 가공물에 대한 가공공정은 초기 모델로 하여 주어진 CAD 모델에 적합한 모델로 편집된다. 여기서 생성된 가공공정계획은 공정계획 DB에 저장되고, 이 정보를 CAM 시스템, NC 검증 및 최적화 시스템의 입력에 적합한 형태로 변환되어 NC 생성과 NC 검증 및 최적화 모듈이 자동으로 실행된다. 가공공정계획에 포함된 정보 중에서 현장 가공 작업자에게 전달되어야할 정보들 즉, 셋업정보, 공구 준비정보와 가공조건 정보들을 추출하여 공장의 표준 형식에 맞는 작업지시서가 발행된다. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of integrating and automating an NC data generation task according to the present invention, and generates an NC data and a work instruction as output by using a CAD model as an input. Internally, the process plan is composed of a DB. In the past, the process for similar workpieces is edited into a model suitable for a given CAD model as an initial model. The generated process plan is stored in the process plan DB, and this information is converted into a form suitable for input into the CAM system, NC verification and optimization system, and the NC generation and NC verification and optimization modules are executed automatically. From the information included in the process plan, information to be transmitted to the field worker, that is, setup information, tool preparation information and processing condition information, is extracted and a work order is issued in accordance with the standard format of the factory.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 가공공정계획 수립 절차에 대한 순서도를 도시한 것으로서, 본 발명에 따른 가공공정계획 수립은 다음과 같은 4단계를 거친다.2 is a flowchart illustrating a machining process planning procedure according to the present invention, the machining process planning according to the present invention goes through the following four steps.
(1) 가공 모델 분석(S110): 주어진 CAD 모델의 형상의 특성과 요구 정밀도 등으로부터 공정계획 선정 파라미터 값의 추출단계.(1) Machining model analysis (S110): Extraction step of the process plan selection parameter value from the characteristics of the geometry of the given CAD model and the required precision.
(2) 유사 가공공정계획 선택(S120): 파라미터 값으로 공정계획 DB에 질의하여 초기 가공공정계획이 생성되는 단계.(2) Select similar process plan (S120): Step of generating an initial process plan by querying the process plan DB with parameter values.
(3) 가공공정계획 평가(S130): 임의의 가공공정계획이 가공 요구조건을 만족 하는지, 개선의 여지가 없는지 평가단계.(3) Evaluation of the machining process plan (S130): An evaluation step whether any machining process plan satisfies the machining requirements and there is no room for improvement.
상기 (3)에서는 평가결과를 만족하면 최종 가공공정계획이 선정되고, 이를 공정계획 DB에 추가된다. 불만족인 경우, 가공공정계획을 편집되어 재평가가 수행되게 된다.In (3), if the evaluation result is satisfied, the final machining process plan is selected and added to the process plan DB. In case of dissatisfaction, the machining process plan is edited and a reevaluation is performed.
(4) 가공공정계획 편집(S140): S130의 평가결과를 기초로 공정계획이 편집되는 단계.(4) Machining process plan editing (S140): step of editing the process plan based on the evaluation result of S130.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 생성 절차에 대한 순서도로서, 가공공정계획 수립(S100)의 결과물인 가공공정계획이 CAM 시스템과 직접 연동(direct interface)되거나 CAM 시스템의 배치 파일 형식으로 변환되는 단계를 포함하며(S210), CAD 모델을 입력으로 배치 작업의 순서대로 NC 데이터가 생성(S220)되게 된다.3 is a flowchart illustrating an NC data generation procedure according to the present invention, in which a machining process plan, which is a result of the machining process planning (S100), is directly interfaced with the CAM system or converted into a batch file format of the CAM system; It includes (S210), NC data is generated (S220) in the order of the batch operation as input to the CAD model.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 NC 데이터 검증 및 최적화 절차에 대한 순서도를 도시한 것으로서, 가공공정계획 수립(S100)의 결과물인 가공공정계획의 검증 및 최적화 시스템과 직접 연동(direct interface)되거나 배치 파일 형식으로 변환(S310)되는 단계를 거치며, 배치 작업의 순서대로 각 NC 파일별로 아래와 같은 4단계를 거치게 된다.4 is a flowchart illustrating an NC data verification and optimization procedure according to the present invention, which is directly interfaced with a verification and optimization system of a machining process plan which is a result of machining process planning (S100) or a batch file format. After the conversion step (S310), the NC file goes through the following four steps for each NC file in the order of the batch operation.
(1) 모의가공(S320): 가공공정계획의 절삭공구 형상으로 NC 데이터 공구궤적을 따라 피삭재 형상을 갱신하고 절삭되는 양이 계산되는 단계.(1) Simulation machining (S320): a step of updating the workpiece shape along the NC data tool trajectory to the cutting tool shape of the machining process plan and calculating the amount of cutting.
(2) 절삭부하에 따른 이송속도 조정(S330): 각 NC 블록별로 절삭부하가 계산되고, 적합한 이송속도가 부여한 NC 데이터로 갱신되는 단계.(2) Feed speed adjustment according to cutting load (S330): The cutting load is calculated for each NC block, and updated with NC data given by a suitable feed speed.
(3) 가공시간 예측(S340): NC 블록의 길이와 가공부하 등이 고려된 실 가공 예측 시간이 계산되며, 불필요한 공절삭부의 삭제 및 편집된 후 작업지시서에(S400) 반영되는 단계.(3) Machining time prediction (S340): The actual machining prediction time is calculated in consideration of the length of the NC block and the machining load, and the step is reflected in the work order (S400) after deleting and editing the unnecessary cutting part.
(4) 형상 검증(S350): 가공 후 피삭재 형상과 초기 CAD 모델과 비교되어 과미삭 여부와 충돌여부가 검증되고, 그 결과가 작업지시서에(S400) 반영되는 단계.(4) Shape Verification (S350): Compared with the workpiece shape after the machining and the initial CAD model, whether over-cutting and collision are verified, and the result is reflected in the work order (S400).
도 5는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태로서 CAD 모델에서 작업지시서에 국한되던 시스템을 관련 부서와의 네트워크가 가능하도록 하는 특징을 도시한 것이며, 도 6은 도 5에 따른 시스템을 구현하도록 흐름도를 도시한 것이다. 가공 공정 계획 수립(S100)단계에서 셋업정보, 공구 준비정보, 가공 조건정보, 지그 선정 정보, 사용 측정기 등 현장 가공 작업자에게 전달되어야할 정보들이 포함되며, 필요 공구 중 재고가 없는 공구들이 있을 경우 필요한 공구들은 가공 공정계획 수립시 자재 및 공구 구매 부서로 데이터가 전송되며, 피삭물이 고정될 지그가 없을 시에는 생산기술부나 연구소에 해당 데이터가 전송되어 가공에 필요한 지그가 준비 되도록 하여 자재 및 공구 미 준비로 인하여 작업이 지연되지 않도록 할 수있는 효과를 갖는다. 또한 가공시 사용될 측정기들은 ISO에 근거되는 검사용 측정기로 가공체를 측정할 수 있도록 측정기 고유 번호가 부여되며, 작업 지시서 발행(S400)시 측정 위치가 지정되어 중요부위의 치수 검사가 누락되지 않도록 하는 것도 본 발명의 범위 내이다.FIG. 5 is a further aspect of the present invention, which illustrates a feature that enables a network with a relevant department to allow a system limited to a work order in a CAD model, and FIG. 6 shows a flow chart for implementing the system according to FIG. will be. In the process planning (S100) step, setup information, tool preparation information, machining condition information, jig selection information, usage meter, and other information to be transmitted to the on-site machining worker are included. The tools are sent to the material and tool purchasing department when planning the machining process. If there is no jig to fix the workpiece, the data is sent to the production engineering department or research institute to prepare the jig for processing. Preparation has the effect of ensuring that work is not delayed. In addition, the measuring instruments to be used in the processing are given a unique number so that the measuring body can be measured by the inspection measuring instrument based on ISO, and the measurement position is designated when the work instruction is issued (S400), so that the inspection of the dimension of important parts is not missed. It is also within the scope of the present invention.
작업 지시서에 의하여 가공이 완료되면 생산관리(S500)부서의 진도/부하 관리 시스템에 데이터가 전송이 되며, NC 검증 및 최적화 데이터와 비교되어 가공 소요 예상시간과 실 가공 소요시간, 불량 부위와 원인에 관한 데이터, 가공 오차 예상값, 가공시 실 오차값 등을 보정한 오차 보정값이 공정계획 DB에 저장되어 유사 가공 공정계획 선택 시 기본 데이터로 활용되도록 함으로서 이후의 NC 검증 및 최적화 데이터가 실 가공 데이터와 가까워질 수 있도록 하여 양 데이터 사이에 오차를 최소화되도록 하는 역할을 한다.When the processing is completed according to the work instruction, the data is transmitted to the progress / load management system of the production management (S500) department, and compared with NC verification and optimization data, the estimated time required for machining, actual machining time, defective parts and causes The error correction value that corrects related data, machining error expected value, and actual error value during machining is stored in the process plan DB to be used as basic data when selecting a similar machining process plan. It can be close to, to minimize the error between the two data.
본 발명의 NC 데이터 생성 업무의 일관화 및 자동화 방법을 활용할 경우 NC 사용자 재입력을 배제함으로써 데이터의 불일치로 인한 오류가 감소하고, 기 결정된 데이터가 자동으로 채워지므로, 각 단계에서의 의사결정이 용이하고 업무처리 속도가 향상되는 등 데이터 생성 업무 효율화될 수 있으며, 과거 적용결과 입증된 데이터를 기반으로 수행함으로써, 일관성 있는 의사결정이 가능하고, 의사결정의 품질 향상으로 납기 단축, 품질 향상, 시간 단축 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 또한 지속적인 프로세스 개선에 관한 연구의 토대를 제공하며, 시스템에 근거한 체계적인 의사결정 절차에 따라, 신규 인력에 대한 OJT 교육기간이 단축되고, 사원의 다기능화가 가능하며, 전문 인력 유지에 대한 부담이 줄어드는 효과가 있으며, 가공전, 가공시, 가공후의 모든 데이터가 네트워크에 의해 해당 관련 부서에 전송됨에 따라 효율적인 일정관리와 생산 시간의 단축이 가능하다.In the case of utilizing the method of coordinating and automating the NC data generation task of the present invention, the error due to the inconsistency of the data is reduced by eliminating NC user re-entry, and the predetermined data is automatically filled, so that decision making at each step is easy. Data creation task efficiency can be streamlined by speeding up and speeding up the processing process.Consistent decision making is possible based on the data proven in the past application results. The effect such as can be expected. In addition, it provides the foundation for research on continuous process improvement, and the system-based systematic decision-making process shortens the OJT training period for new personnel, enables multi-functional staff, and reduces the burden on maintaining professional staff. Since all data before processing, during processing and after processing are transmitted to the relevant department by the network, efficient schedule management and production time can be shortened.
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