KR100672276B1 - Polymer dispersed lcd system - Google Patents

Polymer dispersed lcd system Download PDF

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KR100672276B1
KR100672276B1 KR1020050066078A KR20050066078A KR100672276B1 KR 100672276 B1 KR100672276 B1 KR 100672276B1 KR 1020050066078 A KR1020050066078 A KR 1020050066078A KR 20050066078 A KR20050066078 A KR 20050066078A KR 100672276 B1 KR100672276 B1 KR 100672276B1
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South Korea
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liquid crystal
substrates
polymer dispersed
electrodes
electric field
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KR1020050066078A
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Korean (ko)
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최병대
우성호
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(재)대구경북과학기술연구원
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

A polymer dispersed LCD is provided to remove use no polarizing plate, improve the brightness, stabilize the alignment of liquid crystal molecules, and obtain an excellent electrical characteristic. Two substrates(11,11') are disposed in parallel with each other, and constitute a polymer dispersed LCD panel(10). A liquid crystal layer is dispersed between the two substrates. Electrodes(20,20') are respectively formed on inside surfaces of the two substrates, and disposed in parallel with each other. When a voltage is applied to liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, an electric field is formed vertically to the transmissive direction of light.

Description

고분자 분산형 액정표시장치{Polymer Dispersed LCD system} Polymer Dispersed LCD System

도 1은 기존의 PDLC 액정표시 소자의 구조와 광 산란 및 투과 상태도1 is a view illustrating a structure, light scattering, and transmission state of a conventional PDLC liquid crystal display device

도 2는 본 발명의 바람직한 일실시예를 보인 구조 및 구동상태도 Figure 2 is a structure and driving state showing an embodiment of the present invention

도 3은 본 발명의 바람직한 일실시예를 보인 또 다른 구조 및 그 구동상태도
도 4는 본 발명에서 제시한 액정표시소자의 평면 패턴 예시도3 is another structure and a driving state thereof showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention
4 is an exemplary plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

▣ 도면의 주요부분에 사용된 부호의 설명 ▣▣ Explanation of symbols used in main part of drawing

1:액정 10:PDLC판넬1: Liquid Crystal 10: PDLC Panel

11,11':기판 20,20':(+),(-) 전극11,11 ': Substrate 20,20': (+), (-) electrode

본 발명은 낮은 구동전압으로 PDLC 액정 표시소자에 요구되는 광 산란 효과를 완벽하게 발휘할 수 있도록 하는 고분자 분산형 액정표시장치(PDLC)에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display (PDLC) capable of fully exhibiting the light scattering effect required for a PDLC liquid crystal display with low driving voltage.

고분자 분산형 액정표시장치인 PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)는 고분자 물질의 기지내에 분산된 미세한 액정방울들의 분자가 외부에서 인가되는 전압에 반응하여 산란(무전계일 경우) 또는 투과(전계일 경우)의 형태로 정보를 표시하는 디스플레이이다. Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display, is characterized by scattering (in the case of an electroless field) or transmission (in the case of an electric field) in response to voltages applied to the molecules of fine liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a matrix of a polymer material. It is a display that displays information in the form.

즉, PDLC 소자내의 액정 분자와 고분자는 상 분리를 일으켜 고분자 망 사이에 작은 액정 방울을 형성하게 되는데, 이 액정 방울 내의 액정 분자들은 임의의 방향으로 배열하고 있기 때문에 액정 방울의 유효 굴절률과 고분자의 굴절률 사이에 차이가 발생하고, 입사되는 빛은 불투명하게 산란하게 되는 한편, That is, the liquid crystal molecules and the polymer in the PDLC device cause phase separation to form small liquid crystal droplets between the polymer networks. Since the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal droplets are arranged in an arbitrary direction, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal droplet and the refractive index of the polymer are Difference occurs, and the incident light scatters opaquely,

외부에서 전장(전압)이 인가되면 액정분자들은 한 방향으로 정렬하여 고분자의 굴절률과 같아지게 되고 입사하는 빛은 시편을 투명하게 투과하게 되는 등 PDLC는 전압의 유무에 따라 빛이 투과되는 상태와 산란되는 두 상태에서 디스플레이 구동된다.When electric field (voltage) is applied from outside, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in one direction to be equal to the refractive index of the polymer, and the incident light is transmitted through the specimen transparently. The display is driven in two states.

그러나 상기한 PDLC 액정표시장치는 광 산란작용이 완벽하게 발휘될 수 있는 소정의 두께 즉, 약 10㎛ 이상의 두께로 두껍게 제작될 경우 그 두께에 비례한 높은 구동 전압이 인가되어야 함에 따라 화면 소자로 사용하기에는 적합하지 않은 문제점이 있게 되는 한편, 적절한 구동전압의 인가를 위해 액정표시 소자의 두께를 낮추게 되면 그 구동전압은 적절하게 낮출 수 있으나 광의 산란효과가 떨어져 대비비가 좋지 않게 되는 등의 문제점 있었다.However, the PDLC liquid crystal display device is used as a screen element because a high driving voltage proportional to the thickness is applied when the PDLC is thickly formed to a predetermined thickness, that is, a thickness of about 10 μm or more. On the other hand, there is a problem that is not suitable, while lowering the thickness of the liquid crystal display for the application of an appropriate driving voltage, the driving voltage can be appropriately lowered, but there is a problem such that the contrast ratio is poor due to the light scattering effect.

이러한 문제점은 다른 액정 디스플레이( LCD 등)와는 달리 편광판이 필요 없 고 휘도가 좋으며, 액정 배향을 위한 공정이 생략되므로 제조 공정이 간단하고, 고분자 물질과 액정의 상호작용을 이용하여 안정된 액정 배향과 우수한 전기적 특성을 얻을 수 있는 PDLC의 우수한 특성을 응용한 첨단 디스플레이장치 개발에 큰 장애요소로 작용하고 있는 바, 이의 해결이 시급한 실정이다.Unlike other liquid crystal displays (LCD, etc.), this polarizer does not need a polarizer and has good brightness, and the process for liquid crystal alignment is omitted, and thus the manufacturing process is simple. As it is acting as a major obstacle to the development of advanced display devices applying the excellent characteristics of PDLC that can obtain electrical characteristics, it is urgent to solve this problem.

이에 본 발명에서는 상기의 문제를 해결하기 위해 창안한 것으로서, 기판의 두께를 광 산란 효과가 극대화될 수 있는 두꺼운 두께로 설정된 가운데에서도 전장이 인가되면 입사하는 빛의 투과율 확보에 부응하는 일방향 액정분자정렬구동이 완벽히 이루어질 수 있는 액정구동전극의 바람직한 설치구조를 제공함에 주안점을 두고 그 기술적 과제로서 완성한 것이다.Accordingly, the present invention was devised to solve the above problem, and the liquid crystal molecular alignment in one direction that corresponds to securing the transmittance of incident light when the electric field is applied even when the thickness of the substrate is set to a thick thickness where the light scattering effect can be maximized. The present invention has been completed as a technical problem with a focus on providing a desirable installation structure of a liquid crystal drive electrode that can be completely driven.

위 기술적 과제를 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에서는 첨부된 각 도면에 의거하여 구체적으로 설명하면 하기와 같다.In order to achieve the above technical problem, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 2에서 도시된 바와 같이 PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)판넬(10)을 형성하는 나란한 두장의 기판(11,11') 사이에 분산된 액정(1)이 전장이 인가될 때 광 투과 방향과 수직으로 전계가 형성되게 (+),(-)전극(20,20')을 기판(11,11')상에 평행/배치하여서 된 것이다.As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal 1 dispersed between two parallel substrates 11 and 11 ′ forming the PDLC panel 10 is perpendicular to the light transmission direction when an electric field is applied. The positive and negative electrodes 20 and 20 'are arranged in parallel on the substrates 11 and 11' to form an electric field.

그리고 상기한 전극(20,20')의 평행형태는 도 2에서 보는 바와 같이 양 기판(11,11') 사이의 폭과 동일한 높이로 각각 설정할 수도 있으나,The parallel shape of the electrodes 20 and 20 'may be set to the same height as the width between the two substrates 11 and 11', as shown in FIG.

도 3에서 보는 바와 같이 그 전극(20,20')의 인쇄 작업에 따른 용이성 등을 감안해 양 기판(11,11') 사이의 폭에서 1/2 이상의 높이로 설정하여도 무방하다.
이 경우 (+),(-) 좌, 우 전극(20,20')간 간격을 보다 좁게 선택 설치하면 됨에 따라 보다 낮은 전압으로도 액정전체에 골고루 일정한 전장을 전달 할 수 있어 원활한 액정구동이 가능할 수 있는 것이다.As shown in Fig. 3, the electrodes 20 and 20 'may be set to a height of 1/2 or more in width between the substrates 11 and 11' in consideration of the ease of printing and the like.
In this case, since the gap between the positive and negative electrodes 20 and 20 'can be selected to be narrower, a smoother electric field can be delivered evenly at a lower voltage evenly. It can be.

이와 같이 (+),(-) 전극(20,20')을 양 기판(11,11') 사이에서 최소 1/2 높이로 돌출시켜서 설치하게 되면 판넬(10)의 두께를 광 산란 효과가 극대화 될 수 있는 두꺼운 두께로 설정하더라도 전극(20,20')간의 간격을 최소화 좁아질 수 있음에 따라 액정의 구동전압을 적정 전압으로 낮게 설정할 수 있는 것이다. As such, when the (+) and (-) electrodes 20 and 20 'are protruded at least 1/2 height between the substrates 11 and 11', the light scattering effect is maximized. Even if the thickness is set to be as small as possible, the gap between the electrodes 20 and 20 'can be minimized and narrowed, so that the driving voltage of the liquid crystal can be set to a proper voltage.

즉, 판넬(10)내의 방울형태 액정들이 가지는 분자들은 전압이 전달되는 일정 거리범위 내에서만 정열 반응하기 때문에 필요한 액정의 광 산란 효과를 위해 그 두께를 두껍게 설정할 경우에는 이에 비례해 (+),(-) 전극(20,20')간 거리가 멀어지는 결과가 됨으로 전계를 인가하더라도 일부분의 액정에 전계가 미치지 못해 광 투과 효율이 떨어지게 된다. 따라서 기존에는 필요 이상으로 전압을 높여야 하지만,That is, since the molecules of the droplet-shaped liquid crystals in the panel 10 are aligned only within a certain distance range in which voltage is transmitted, when the thickness of the liquid crystals is set to be thick for the light scattering effect of the liquid crystal, it is proportional to (+), ( -) Since the distance between the electrodes 20, 20 'is increased, even if an electric field is applied, a portion of the liquid crystal does not reach the electric field, resulting in a decrease in light transmission efficiency. Therefore, in the past, it is necessary to increase the voltage more than necessary.

상기한 본원에서와 같이 판넬(10)내의 (+),(-)전극(20,20')을 양 기판(11,11')간 대응방향으로 1/2 이상의 높이로 설정한 후 좁은 거리 간격으로 배치하게 되면 (+),(-) 전극(20,20')의 간격을 선택적으로 아주 좁게 설정가능하기 때문에 기판(11,11') 사이의 거리와는 상관없이 낮은 전압으로 완벽한 광 투과 효율을 얻을 수 있고, 이는 기존 불가능했던 PDLC를 이용한 디스플레이 구동이 현실적으로 기능하게 되는 것이다.
아울러 상기 (+),(-)전극(20,20')은 디스플레이될 때 상,하,좌,우 시야각이 보다 향상될 수 있도록 도 4에서 도시된 바와 같이 평면상에서 볼 때 사선 혹은 굴곡 형태 등과 같이 다양한 형태로 선택 배치할 수 있음은 물론이다.Narrow distance interval after setting the (+), (-) electrodes 20, 20 'in the panel 10 to a height of 1/2 or more in a corresponding direction between both substrates 11, 11' as in the present application. Since the distance between the (+) and (-) electrodes 20 and 20 'can be selectively set very narrowly, perfect light transmission efficiency is possible at low voltage regardless of the distance between the substrates 11 and 11'. In this case, display driving using PDLC, which was previously impossible, becomes realistic.
In addition, the (+), (-) electrodes (20, 20 ') are displayed in an oblique or curved shape when viewed in a plane, as shown in Figure 4 so that the viewing angle of the upper, lower, left, right can be improved more when displayed Of course, it can be selected and arranged in various forms as well.

이상과 같은 본 발명의 고분자 분산형 액정표시장치는 편광판이 필요 없고 휘도가 좋으며, 액정 배향을 위한 공정이 생략되므로 제조 공정이 간단하고, 고분자 물질과 액정의 상호작용을 이용하여 안정된 액정 배향과 우수한 전기적 특성을 얻을 수 있는 등 우수한 특성을 가진 PDLC 를 각종 디스플레이 장치에 이용할 수 있는 발판이 열리게 됨에 따라 국내 전자기기 디스플레이 산업반전에 지대한 공헌을 할 것으로 기대되는 간단하지만 획기적인 발명이다.As described above, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device of the present invention does not require a polarizing plate, has good brightness, and omits the process for liquid crystal alignment, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process, and using the interaction between the polymer material and the liquid crystal, thereby achieving stable liquid crystal alignment and excellent liquid crystal display. It is a simple but groundbreaking invention that is expected to make a significant contribution to the domestic electronics display industry reversal as the platform for the use of PDLCs having excellent characteristics such as electrical characteristics can be obtained for various display devices is opened.

Claims (2)

PDLC(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)판넬(10)을 형성하는 나란한 두장의 기판(11,11') 사이에 분산된 액정(1)의 분자가 전장이 인가될 때 광 투과 방향과 수직으로 전계가 형성되게 (+),(-)전극(20,20')을 기판(11,11')상에 평행/배치하여서 된 것을 특징으로 한 고분자 분산형 액정표시장치.Molecules of the liquid crystal 1 dispersed between two parallel substrates 11 and 11 'forming the PDLC panel 10 form an electric field perpendicular to the light transmission direction when an electric field is applied. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device, wherein the (+) and (-) electrodes 20, 20 'are arranged in parallel on the substrate 11, 11'. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 (+),(-) 전극(20,20')은 양 기판(11,11') 사이의 폭에서 1/2 이상의 높이로 설정한 것을 특징으로 한 고분자 분산형 액정표시장치.The (+), (-) electrodes (20, 20 ') is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device, characterized in that set to a height of 1/2 or more in the width between the two substrates (11, 11').
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