KR100663024B1 - Method for representing different images according to altitude - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of expressing different images for different heights, using a simple 3D adaptive first-order equation, converting vanishing point positions and scaling factor values according to altitude, and converting them into screen coordinates, immediately before rendering. By using one-mapping function, it is possible to create two-dimensional planar image data as three-dimensional three-dimensional image as well as to generate one of several images that give a different 3D stereoscopic feeling according to altitude. It is possible to display an image having a three-dimensional stereoscopic effect different according to the altitude. Since the screen coordinate transformation of a straight line irrelevant to the matrix operation is performed, the calculation speed is small and the rendering speed is fast.

Rendering, elevation, image, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, transform, primary

Description

Method for representing different images according to altitude}

1 is a view showing a navigation system to which the present invention is applied,

2 is a view for explaining various 3D image representations according to the present invention;

3 is a view showing a different image representation method for each height according to the present invention,

4 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the screen coordinate transformation of FIG.

5 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the variable value adjustment of FIG.

6a to 6c is a view for explaining the principle of 3D stereoscopic expressive aspect for each elevation using perspective;

7A to 7B are views for conceptually explaining the coordinate transformation principle of the present invention;

8a to 8c is a view for explaining the relationship between the 3D adaptive linear equation and the variable of the present invention,

9A to 9B are diagrams illustrating results of concretely implementing an image having a 3D stereoscopic effect.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

100: GPS receiver 110: user command input unit

120: background map data storage unit 130: sensor unit

140: main control unit 141: location information extraction unit

142: map mapping unit 150: screen display unit

151: highly adaptive screen coordinate conversion unit 152: rendering unit

The present invention is to create an image giving a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect by using a simple screen coordinate transformation, even in the hardware specification difficult to implement three-dimensional graphics, and to represent the two-dimensional image data as an image having a plurality of three-dimensional three-dimensional feeling according to the altitude The present invention relates to a method of expressing different images for different heights.

In general, a technique for converting and rendering two-dimensional map data into an image having a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect in a navigation system is a known technique, and a considerable amount of data is required to express / operate a three-dimensional three-dimensional image.

That is, the coordinate of one point is (x, y, z) and three variables, and not only a large amount of data is required to represent a given polygon, but also a matrix operation and a projection operation In order to perform data conversion, additional massive amount of data is required, as well as a large amount of data and operation functions as well as separate hardware and library functions.

However, because the current telematics or mobile terminal is not enough to use the hardware to use this three-dimensional conversion method, there is a need for an improved new method until the development of hardware.

Accordingly, the present invention was developed to solve the above problems, the first object is to generate an image giving a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect by using a simple screen coordinate transformation even in hardware specifications that difficult to implement three-dimensional graphics, the second object Its purpose is to enable two-dimensional image data to be represented as images with several three-dimensional three-dimensional effects according to altitude.

In accordance with this purpose, the present invention is intended to simply convert 2D coordinates to screen coordinates through a predetermined 3D adaptive first-order equation in order to reduce many computational processes performed during 2D to 3D data conversion with reference to low performance hardware performance. We will use perspective perspective to enhance the three-dimensional effect, and adjust the position of the vanishing point, the scaling factor, and the zoom ratio differently according to the altitude in order to create different images according to the altitude.

To this end, the present invention uses a predetermined 3D adaptive first-order equation, converts vanishing point position and scaling factor values according to altitude, and maps 1-1 in a screen coordinate conversion step, which is just before rendering, using one image data. We use the function to generate one of several images that gives a different 3D stereoscopic sense of altitude to the current altitude.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Although the present invention is suitable for efficiently rendering map data in a vehicle navigation system, the present invention can be applied to a part that expresses a game or various images in a three-dimensional sense even in a telematics or a mobile terminal. Hereinafter, a navigation system to which the present invention is applied will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, a navigation system to which the present invention is applied includes a GPS receiver 100 that receives GPS data transmitted by a plurality of GPS satellites and calculates position data of a moving object, according to a user's key manipulation. User command input unit 110 for receiving the command data of the background, the background map storage unit 120 for storing a large amount of full map data consisting of a plurality of leaves, the position data and the sensor unit 130 calculated by the GPS receiver 100 The main controller 140 detects the current position of the moving object from the movement information input from the control unit, and extracts the two-dimensional position coordinates of the image to be displayed on the screen based on this, and the 2D position coordinates extracted by the main controller 140 are predetermined. The screen display unit 150 converts the screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through the 3D adaptive first-order conversion to display a 3D stereoscopic image on the screen. The.

Here, the main control unit 140, to extract the latitude, longitude, azimuth, moving speed information from the position data calculated by the GPS receiver 100, in particular for extracting the altitude information of the current location region of the moving body The current position of the moving object is detected from the position information extracting unit 141, the information extracted by the position information extracting unit 141, and the movement information input from the sensor unit 130, and 2 of the images to be displayed on the screen based on the detected position. The map matching unit 142 extracts and outputs the dimensional position coordinates.

In addition, the screen display unit 150 converts the 2D position coordinates extracted by the main controller 140 into screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through a 3D adaptive linear transformation, and a screen coordinate transformation unit 151. And a rendering unit 152 that renders the 2D image on the screen using the screen coordinates converted by the unit 151.

In the navigation system for the present invention, first, the position information extracting unit 141 in the main control unit 140 requires the predetermined position information from the position data calculated by the GPS receiver 100, in particular, the present position of the moving object. Extracts the altitude information of the vehicle, and the map mapping unit 142 detects the current position of the moving object from the position information extracted by the position information extractor 141 and the movement information input from the sensor unit 130 and displays the current position of the moving object on the screen. Extract the two-dimensional position coordinates of the image to be imaged.

Thereafter, the highly adaptive screen coordinate conversion unit 151 in the screen display unit 150 converts the extracted two-dimensional position coordinates into screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through a 3D adaptive first-order equation to give a three-dimensional image. The rendering unit 152 renders the generated image on the screen, thereby implementing a background map giving a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect on the screen according to the altitude of the area to which the moving object belongs.

The 3D adaptive first-order conversion equation used in the present invention converts two-dimensional position coordinates read from the background map storage unit 120 into three-dimensional screen coordinates according to the current altitude, and the vanishing point position and scaling adjusted according to the altitude. By using a predetermined three-dimensional adaptive first-order equation having the value of the variables as a factor, the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted by the map matching unit 142 are converted into screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through the 3D adaptive first-order equation. To generate a three-dimensional three-dimensional image, a specific aspect of the 3D adaptive first-order conversion formula will be described later. Hereinafter, one 2D image will be converted to altitude using the above-described 3D adaptive first-order conversion formula with reference to FIG. 2. Therefore, it will be described in more detail to represent as an image having several 3D three-dimensional effect.

X)을 산출하고, 산출한 고도 차이값(

,

, ... ,

)에 맞게 소실점위치(A)와 스케일링 변수값(B)을 조절한다. According to the present invention, a single 2D image can be expressed as an image having a plurality of 3D three-dimensional effects according to the altitude using a 3D adaptive first-order equation. For this, first, as shown in FIG. Difference from altitude (

X), and the calculated altitude difference value (

,

, ...,

Adjust the vanishing point position (A) and the scaling parameter value (B) accordingly.

Then, the adjusted vanishing point position and scaling parameter values ((A1, B1), (A2, B2), ..., (AN, BN)) are applied to the 3D adaptive linear equation and the position coordinates of the 2D background map When each of them is mapped and converted into screen coordinates, one 2D image is displayed according to the result, and an image having a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect different for each height, that is, the first, second, ..., n-th 3D three-dimensional effect An image with is created.

As described above, the present invention can not only express a two-dimensional plane image as an image having a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect, but also display an image having a different three-dimensional three-dimensional effect according to the elevation of a viewpoint, and in particular, irrespective of the matrix operation. Since the screen coordinate transformation is performed using a linear transformation of one straight line, the calculation amount is small and the rendering speed can be increased, and the change of perspective can be easily realized by the simple transformation of the position of the vanishing point or the scaling factor. Reference will now be made to method 3 for expressing different images according to altitude according to the present invention.

      As shown in FIG. 3, the image representation method according to the present invention comprises three steps, that is, extracting two-dimensional position coordinates of an image to be displayed on a screen based on a current position of a moving object. (S300), converting the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted in step S300 into screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through a three-dimensional adaptive first-order equation (S400), two-dimensional according to the screen coordinates converted in step (S400) In operation S500, the image is rendered on the screen to display an image giving a three-dimensional effect.

      In the image representation method of the present invention, first, predetermined position information from position data calculated by a GPS receiver is detected on the screen based on the current position of the moving object along with altitude information of the current position region of the moving object, which is necessary for the present invention. The two-dimensional position coordinates of the image to be displayed are extracted from the background map storage unit (S300).

Then, by converting the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted in the step (S300) to the screen coordinates suitable for the current altitude through the 3D adaptive first-order equation (S400) by generating an image giving a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect to the screen (S500), It is possible to implement a background map giving a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect on the screen in accordance with the altitude of the area to which the moving object belongs, the screen coordinate conversion step (S300) of Figure 3 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the position information of the moving object is detected first (S300), the current altitude of the moving object included in the position information and a predetermined reference altitude are respectively read out (S310 and S320). (S330), adjust the vanishing point position and the X-axis / Y-axis scaling factor according to the altitude difference value calculated in step S330 (S340), and apply it to a predetermined three-dimensional adaptive linear equation (S350). By using this, the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted in step S300 are converted into screen coordinates (S360) and rendered on the display screen, thereby providing an image giving the user a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect suitable for the current altitude.

In the present invention, the X-axis scaling variable (hereinafter referred to as "y_parallel_scale value"), the vanishing point position variable (hereinafter referred to as "height value"), and the Y-axis scaling variable (hereinafter referred to as "y (+) _ scale" Or y (-) _ scale ") as a variable of the 3D adaptive first-order equation, and the value of each variable changes as the altitude changes, and the correspondence between the altitude and the variable value is shown in FIG. same,

5 is a diagram illustrating the variable value adjusting step of FIG. 4 in more detail.

As shown in FIG. 5, that is, when the altitude becomes low (S331), the y_parallel_scale value and the height value are proportionally increased by a predetermined value according to the calculated altitude difference value (S332, S333), and y (+). The _scale value is increased. The y (-) _ scale value may be proportionally reduced by a predetermined value according to the altitude difference value (S334). On the other hand, when the altitude increases (S335), the y_parallel_scale value and the height value are proportionally reduced by a predetermined value according to the calculated altitude difference value (S336, S337), and the y (+) _ scale value is reduced y (-) _ scale The value is proportionally increased by a predetermined value according to the altitude difference value (S338), which will be described in more detail.

First, the basic concept of the 3D stereoscopic expression of the present invention using perspective will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C.

In the present invention, since the input of the coordinate transformation is two-dimensional data, the perspective is used to make an image having a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect, and a perspective perspective using a vanishing point, among the perspective, is used in FIGS. 6B and 6C. As can be seen, the rectangular shape 600 of Figure 6a is changed to a trapezoidal shape (610, 620) when the altitude changes, as shown in Figure 6b, when the altitude is high, the location of the vanishing point is high, the x-axis, The scaled in the y-axis direction changes to a small trapezoidal shape 610. When the altitude is low, as shown in FIG. 6C, the vanishing point has a low position and changes to a large trapezoidal shape 620 that is scaled in the x-axis and y-axis directions.

Therefore, in order to express the image by altitude using this principle, the degree of scaling in the y-axis direction must be changed according to the range. Also, as described above, in the range where the value of y is larger than 0, the scaling factor is smaller than 1 and compressed. In the range less than 0, the scaling factor is greater than 1, and the scaling factor in the x-axis direction becomes larger as the altitude decreases. By determining the position, it is possible to implement an image having various 3D stereoscopic feelings. The basic concept of the coordinate transformation principle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7B.

First, as shown in FIG. 7A, the present invention basically uses a linear transformation equation of a straight line for coordinate transformation, and uses a principle of mapping points on a straight line to points on a straight line 1 ".

In this case, when the point (x, y) maps to (x ', y'), the straight line y '= mx' + n passes through the point (a, b), and thus is substituted into y '= mx' + n. Then, the slope is m = (bn) / a, the conversion equation is as follows.

x '= a (y-n) / (b-n), y' = y

All the points on the screen, as well as the point on the first straight line, are mapped by the above conversion equation. In particular, the points of interest in this equation are the variables m and n, where m is the variable that transforms the position of the vanishing point, and n remains the slope. It becomes a variable to scale in the x-axis direction, the constant a, b is a reference point for converting to a fixed value, the final conversion equation of the present invention actually implemented according to this principle is the following equation.

x '= x × {(y_parallel_scale × b-height × y') / (3b)}

y '= y × 0.375 × y (+) _ scale, (or y (-) _ scale)

Here, the y_parallel_scale value is the x-axis scaling variable, the height value is the vanishing point position variable, and the y (+) _ scale and y (-) _ scale are Y-axis scaling variables, each of which varies according to altitude, Specific examples of how the values change will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8C.

First, as shown in FIG. 8A, the y_parallel_scale value is a variable that scales only on the x-axis (1) and 2 with the slope as it is.

This variable increases the values of the x- and y-intercepts of the linear equation while maintaining the slope, and as the altitude decreases, the y_parallel_scale increases, and the y_parallel_scale increases. Although the value does not change, the position of the vanishing point is changed. As the y_parallel_scale value increases, the position of the vanishing point becomes higher. However, this variable is irrelevant to the perspective and serves to enlarge as the variable value increases, so that the field of view becomes narrower.

And, the height variable is a variable to change the slope of the straight line, as shown in FIG. 8b, the value of the x-intercept in the straight line equation is changed only because the slope is changed, the position of the vanishing point is changed, the altitude will be lowered To add perspective, the value of the height variable increases, and as the height increases, the vanishing point decreases gradually, and as the value increases, it appears to gather on the y-axis.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 8C, the y (+) _ scale and y (-) _ scale variables serve to scale in the y-axis direction. The reason for selecting two variables of the y-axis scaling is that as the altitude changes. The y> 0 part is scaled to a value less than 1, and it grows more and more, and as the altitude decreases, the y <0 part is scaled to a value and more than 1, and it grows and grows. This variable also changes the vanishing point position. It is changed by multiplying the scaling variable in the y-axis direction, and the normal vanishing point is located at y> 0, so that it is also moved by the y (+) _ scale variable. Specific results of the implementation are as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.

9A to 9B illustrate results of implementing three-dimensional three-dimensional effects by height using two-dimensional data. Specifically, FIG. 9A illustrates a case where the altitude is high and FIG. 9B illustrates a case where the altitude is low. It is possible to implement by changing one variable value and applying the changed values to the 3D adaptive transformation, the specific implementation is as described above.

As described in detail above, the method for expressing different images for different heights according to the present invention can express two-dimensional planar image data as an image having a three-dimensional three-dimensional effect, as well as different three-dimensional three-dimensional senses according to the altitude of the viewpoint. The image can be displayed and the screen coordinate transformation of a straight line irrelevant to the matrix operation is possible because of the small amount of calculation, so the rendering speed is fast. Since the branch can generate an image, the data utilization rate is very high, and the first-order conversion equation is simple, and the change of perspective can be easily realized by simply adjusting the vanishing point position or the scaling factor value.

Although the invention has been described in detail only with respect to the specific examples described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the spirit of the invention, and such modifications and variations belong to the appended claims.

Claims (4)

Detecting position information of a current moving object and extracting position coordinates of two-dimensional image data to be displayed on a screen based on a current position of the moving object; Obtain the altitude value of the point where the moving object is currently located in the detected position information and display the two-dimensional image data on the screen with different perspective according to the altitude difference value between the acquired altitude value and a preset reference altitude value. A second step of converting the position coordinates extracted in the first step into screen coordinates by using a three-dimensional adaptive first-order conversion equation for converting coordinates as much as possible; And a third step of rendering the two-dimensional image data on the screen according to the screen coordinates converted in the second step. The method of claim 1, wherein the second process comprises: The three-dimensional adaptive first conversion formula having the vanishing point position adjustable according to the altitude difference value and the values of the scaling variables as factors, converts the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted in the first process into screen coordinates. How to represent an image.        The method of claim 1, wherein the second process comprises: Calculating an altitude difference value between an altitude value obtained from the position information of the moving object and a preset reference altitude value; A second step of adjusting a vanishing point position and a scaling parameter value according to the altitude difference value calculated in step 2-1; And a second to third process of converting the two-dimensional position coordinates extracted in the first process into the screen coordinates using the three-dimensional adaptive first-order equation using the vanishing point positions and scaling parameter values adjusted in the second process. How to express different images by height. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the three-dimensional adaptive first order equation; A method of expressing different images according to heights, characterized by the following equation. [Equation 1] x '= x × {(y_parallel_scale × b-height × y') / (3b)} y '= y × 0.375 × y (+) _ scale, (or y (-) _ scale) (y_parallel_scale value is x-axis scaling variable, height value is vanishing point position variable, y (+) _ scale and y (-) _ scale are y-axis scaling variable, x, y is position coordinate, x ', y' is screen coordinate)

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