KR100655008B1 - Chain conveyor system - Google Patents

Abstract

The conveyor system includes a conveyor chain, chain guide means and guide support means, and the conveyor belt includes a plurality of chain links. Each link comprises a link member 2, a connecting pin 7 and a bearing element 8. The link member has a load transfer means and a lower link member 3 having first and second ends 4, 5. The second end has first and second legs 11, 12 arranged at a distance from each other. The first leg has a first projection 6 which is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first direction of movement of the chainlink conveyor and directed outwardly from the first leg. The first protrusion 6 has a first through hole 9. The second leg has a second projection 18 which is arranged opposite to the first projection 6 and directed outwardly from the second leg. The second projection has a second through hole 9 'which is substantially coaxial with the first through hole 9 and has the same cross section. The first through hole 9 and the second through hole 9 'are arranged to hold the connecting pins. The bearing element has a third through hole 9 "which is almost spherical and has a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the connecting pin, the first end being arranged to cooperate with at least part of the spherical bearing element surface 10. )

Description

Chain Conveyor System {CHAIN CONVEYOR SYSTEM}

1 is a perspective view of a link member according to the present invention.

2 is another perspective view of the link member according to FIG. 1;

3 is a side view of a bearing element according to the present invention;

4 is a side view of the bearing element taken along the line A-A of FIG.

5 is a front view of the bearing element according to FIG. 3;

6 is a side view of the connecting pin according to the present invention;

7 is a side view of the connecting pin according to FIG. 6;

8 is a perspective view of two connecting links according to the invention.

9 is a bottom view of a portion of a conveyor chain according to the present invention.

10 is a side view of the conveyor chain according to FIG. 9;

Figure 11 shows an embodiment of the meshing means between the cargo conveying means of two adjacent chains according to the invention.

12 shows a conveyor system according to the invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1 leg 2 link member

4,5 end 7: connecting pin

8: bearing element 9: through hole

10: bearing seat 15: force absorbing means

16: curved surface 18, 31, 32: projection

The present invention relates to chain conveyor systems, and in particular to couplings between individual conveyor chain links. The chain link has a link member having a conveyance facilitating means, a lower face, and a lower part extending downwardly from the lower face and the conveying facilitating means, wherein the link member is formed in plurality to form a conveyor belt that can be bent in two directions. Means for attaching the chain links together. The lower portion includes front and second ends, pins, and bearing elements.

Many conventional conveyor chainlinks perform the connection between the links by means of a device consisting of a bearing element, a substantially cylindrical plunge and a pin with a circular cross section, preferably a steel pin. Such a device constitutes a gimbal joint which is used to carry out multidirectional linking between adjacent chain links, ie to carry out free movement in two directions.

U.S. Patent No. 5,402,880 describes an article transport chain. The chain has been used in article transfer conveyors and includes a plurality of interconnected molded plastic link assemblies, each having a flat top plate. A plurality of upper and lower tabs formed along the lower portion of the chain link assembly enables free removal of the chain link assembly from the guide rails in selected zones along the longitudinal direction of the conveyor and on other parts of the conveyor, such as curved or vertical bands. It serves to guide the chain to a plurality of guide rails of the conveyor frame while regulating the chains between the guide rails. An important feature of the link assembly is a link pin arranged between adjacent links of the chain and a link hole arranged to penetrate the link pin. The diameter of the hole is considerably larger than the diameter of the connecting pin which allows the pin to carry out the motion on the link. Thus, the pin does not attach securely to the plunger. That is, the pin can rotate and move in the radial direction of the pin. This is in accordance with the requirement that the connecting pin be carefully designed, for example in terms of the choice of fabrication material, which in turn is closely related to fabrication precision.

U.S. Patent No. 3,768,631 describes a conveyor consisting of a series of links that directly transport the goods to be conveyed. Each of the links includes a head portion, from which extends a pair of branch legs that are connected and received in the head portion of the adjacent link. The link further includes a transfer unit integral with the head portion and the leg. The upper side of the conveying part is a continuous flat conveying surface overlying the head portion and the leg, the conveying surface at one end being defined by the upper periphery of the head portion. Opposite ends of the conveying portion are webs that interconnect the legs and have concave edges corresponding to the shape of the periphery of the head portion. The conveying portion includes a pair of side flanges extending longitudinally from the tip of the leg and laterally in the head portion and defining the longitudinal edges of the continuous flat transfer surface. This design also uses a plunger and pin gimbal joint. Therefore, the present invention corresponds to the main part in the case of the present invention and requires a carefully designed connecting pin.

The devices described above do not describe devices for limiting and preventing lateral movement between chain links. The above-mentioned patents have proposed inventions in which the interaction of a non-fixed connection pin with a corresponding hole having a larger dimension than the pin is important for obtaining a multidirectional link connection between adjacent links.

Other devices to achieve multidirectional linking, ie free movement in two directions, between adjacent chain links, use ball and socket joints.

U. S. Patent No. 1,996, 586 describes a conveyor comprising a series of chain links interconnected by separate connecting elements with concave bearing means forming ball and socket joints with spherical elements arranged at each end of the long chain link. It is. With this conveyor configuration it is not possible to provide a continuous conveying surface and all the traction forces transmitted from the chain link to the chain link must be absorbed by the axis holding the spherical element. This shaft is integral with the chain link and is made of the same material as the chain link. Since the most widely used material for conveyor chains of the type described above is plastic, the shaft cannot have sufficient strength unless it is manufactured to have a sufficiently large cross sectional area. This leads to the formation of very large chain links which are very expensive and require large space in use. If the connecting element is provided on some kind of flat conveying surface, it is maintained only by two spherical bearings, thus lacking the support on the rotating side, so that the connecting element is inverted if the load is placed on the supporting surface. There is this.

U. S. Patent No. 4,524, 865 describes a conveyor chain comprising a series of links interconnected by ball and socket joints. Each elongate link has a socket at one end and a socket element at the other end, ie at the opposite end. When the ball element of the first link is inserted inside the socket element of the second link, the pin is inserted inside the hole on each side of the socket element such that the pin is moved through the long hole in the ball element and the two links are moved on the conveyor chain. Are held together in the direction of movement of the. The pin is held in the hole by spindles formed at both ends of the pin to prevent the pin from falling off and falling off the assembly. The pin prevents the ball element from bouncing off the socket element during operation of the conveyor. The force acting in a direction almost perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor occurs when the conveyor is in operation and this force increases the force to propel the conveyor by attempting to remove the ball element from the socket element. In order to facilitate the insertion of the ball element into the socket element, the socket element is formed to partially wrap the ball element. This provides a fairly small contact surface between the ball and the socket in the direction of movement of the conveyor, which can cause damage to each link when higher stress is applied to the chain, for example when the conveyor is curved in a curve. The whole device is asymmetrical with respect to the distribution of forces in the horizontal and vertical. Since the ball element and the socket element are part of the same link element, they are made of the same material. This increases squeaking when the conveyor chain is in operation, ie when the ball element is moved (rotated) with respect to the socket element. Further, in the design as described above, since the transfer surface is arranged above the ball element of each chain link and toward the farther front side of the ball element, the transfer surface is excessive from the conveyor belt line when the chain is bent while driving the wheel or the like. Will protrude.

The first object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages, and also allows at least partially the non-limiting movement of two adjacent chainlinks in two directions and is self-adjustable with respect to the main guide bearing surface and the chainlink conveyor Allows relative torsional movements between adjacent links in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction of movement of the chain link conveyor, allowing the chain link conveyor to be torsional as the rotational movement of the screw in the direction of movement. To provide an improved chain link conveyor with joints.

It is a second object of the present invention to provide a ball and socket joint capable of transmitting forces in the direction of movement of the front and rear of the conveyor.

It is a third object of the present invention to provide a ball and socket joint between individual links in which relative movement between adjacent links in normal and normal directions is minimized to reduce or eliminate squeaking.

A first object of the present invention as described above is a conveyor system comprising a conveyor chain having a plurality of chain links, each having a link member, a connecting pin and a bearing element, a chain guide means and a guide support means, wherein the link member carries cargo. Means and a lower link member having first and second ends, said second ends having first and second legs arranged at regular intervals from each other, said first legs having a first direction of movement of the chainlink conveyor. Having a first protrusion substantially perpendicular to and arranged outwardly directed from the first leg, the second leg having a second protrusion opposite to the first protrusion and directed outwardly from the second leg; The protrusion has a second through hole that is substantially coaxial with the first through hole having the same cross-sectional area, wherein the first through hole and the second through hole connect the connecting pin. In a conveyor system arranged to hold, the bearing element is almost spherical and has a third through hole having a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the connecting pin, the first end being at least part of the surface of the spherical bearing element. It is achieved by a conveyor system characterized by having a substantially spherical bearing seat arranged to slide with each other.

The chain guide means generally consists of a conveyor frame having guide rails arranged on at least two opposite sides of the conveyor chain. The guide rails define the conveyor chain paths so that the sliding support surfaces on the chain links can slide on the guide rails while the chain links are held in a predetermined position relative to each other and also to the conveyor chain paths. The load of cargo is mainly transmitted from the chain link to the conveyor frame via the sliding support surface on the chain. Typically, the guide rail is made of extruded aluminum profile. The guide support means is mounted to the guide rail so that it can be maintained at a constant position with respect to the floor, etc., and is usually composed of a height-adjusting metal leg.

The second object of the present invention described above is achieved by a conveyor system in which the bearing element has a force absorbing means extending toward an adjacent chain link and the second end of the link member has a curved surface, wherein the force absorbing means and the curved surface are The conveyors are in contact with each other to transmit a compressive force generated when the conveyors move in a second direction of movement opposite the first direction of movement, ie from one conveyor chainlink to an adjacent conveyor chainlink.

The third object of the present invention described above is achieved by a conveyor system in which the bearing element further comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion adjacent to two openings of the third through hole, the two protrusions of the link member. It is arranged in direct contact with the first and second legs of the second end so that the two legs can be bent towards the bearing element up to the projection.

The features of the invention consist of means by which the bearing element is incorporated with a partially spherical element connected to the shaft, the bearing element being connected to the shaft, and wherein the second end defines and opposes two legs, the first and the first A second hole is provided at the second end spaced apart from the first end, the first and second holes are adapted to receive a pin provided at the bearing element, the bearing element arranged between the legs, One end having a spherical sheet arranged to receive the bearing element partially wrapped, wherein the engagement between the spherical sheet and the spherical element of the bearing element of the adjacent conveyor chainlink is arranged to achieve a multidirectional linkage assembly, The width of the bearing element is approximately equal to the free space between the legs in the region of the first and second holes. It is that it is.

1 and 2, a link member 2 is shown which forms part of the conveyor link. The link member has a lower portion 3 having first and second ends. The first end 4 has a substantially spherical bearing seat 10 arranged partially slidingly surrounding the bearing element (as most clearly shown in FIGS. 8 and 10) and slidingly oriented with the bearing element 8. . The second end has first and second legs 12 arranged spaced apart from each other at the same angle, which legs diverge from the first end. The first leg 11 has a first projection 6 directed outwardly from the first leg to be arranged almost perpendicular to the direction of movement of the chain link conveyor. The projection is used as a transport facilitating means, ie as a joining means for cooperating with a cog wheel of a conveyor drive unit, for example in cooperation with a drive wheel or the like. The first protrusion 6 has a non-circular cross section, preferably a substantially triangular first through hole 9. The second leg 12 has a second projection 18 directed outwardly from the second leg and arranged opposite the first projection 6. The second protrusion 18 has a second through hole 9 ′ which is substantially coaxial with the first through hole 9 of the first protrusion 6 and has the same cross section. The vertical guide ribs 19 are arranged inside each of the first and second legs 11 and 12. The second end 5 of the second link member 2 further has a curved surface 16 arranged in contact with the bearing element 8.

The cargo conveying means 20 is arranged on the link member 2, preferably on the upper side of the link member. The cargo conveying means 20 is preferably shaped like an almost flat surface having a plurality of notches 30 and teeth 40 arranged adjacent to the first end 4 and the second end 5. The notches and teeth are arranged to engage the corresponding notches and teeth of the adjacent chainlink. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the cargo transport means 20 is characterized by a first step 50 adjacent to the first end 4 and a second step 60 adjacent to the second end 5. Having a substantially flat surface shape, said first and second steps being arranged to engage corresponding second and first steps of adjacent chainlinks of the conveyor. The link member 2 is preferably produced in one piece, ie as a single piece, for example by pressure casting or die casting.

The bearing element 8 is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and has a third through hole 9 ″ of a non-circular cross section corresponding to the cross section of the first through hole 9 and the second through hole 9 ′. It has a substantially spherical main body having a.

The pins shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are arranged to be inserted inside three through holes 9, 9 ′, 9 ″ to fix the bearing element 8 in position in the direction of movement of the conveyor chain. The cross sectional shape of 7) corresponds to the cross section of the three through holes 9, 9 ', 9 ". The two ends of the pin 7 are chamfered to facilitate insertion into the through hole.

Pin locking means (not shown) are arranged in the first and second through holes 9, 9 'to prevent the pin from falling out of the link member 2 once the pin is inserted. The pin locking means may be shaped like a small bump protruding from the inner surface of the hole, the bump being sufficiently compressed when the entire pin is inserted so that the pin is inserted into the hole, but the bump leaves the hole after the pin is inserted. Prevent it. The pin 7 is fixed to at least one or all three of the bearing element 8 or the first through hole 9 and / or the second through hole 9 '.

The cross section of the pin 7 is advantageously approximately triangular so as to absorb the frictional forces generated by the relative motion between the bearing element 8 and the adjacent link member 2. The main purpose of the pin 7 is to carry out the connection to the adjacent link member 2 and to prevent the bearing element 8 from deviating from its position. Thus, the bearing element 8 is fixed so as not to rotate in relation to the link member 2 held by the pin 7. The connecting pin 7 of the present invention is low in manufacturing cost and reduces the need for high precision and high strength materials during manufacturing.

The bearing element 8 has first and second protrusions 31, 32 adjacent to two openings of the third hole 9 ″ in the bearing element. The two protrusions 31, 32 have a link member 2. It is arranged to make direct contact with the first and second legs 11, 12 of the second end 5 of) so that the two legs can only bend towards the bearing element 8 until the projection.

Thus, the width of the bearing element 8 is approximately equal to the free space between the first and second legs 11, 12 in the region of the first and second through holes 9, 9 ′. In this way, the closed force field in the first end 4 of the link member 2, the first leg 11 of the link member, the pin 7, the bearing element 8 and the second leg 12 of the link member 2. (closed force field) is formed. The closed force field is symmetrically distributed in the horizontal and vertical directions in the chain link.

The force absorbing means 15 are arranged on the side of the bearing element 8 facing the second end 5 of the link member 2. The force absorbing means 15 may be generated when the conveyor is moved in a second direction opposite the normal direction of movement or when the conveyor link moves at low speed in relation to another part of the conveyor chain, such as just before the incline of the conveyor. It contacts each other with the curved surface 16 of the second end 5 of the link member 2 to transmit any compressive force.

The recesses 33 arranged in the first and second protrusions 31 and 32 are adapted to hold the bearing elements 8 in a substantially constant position with respect to the link member 2 held by the pins 7, respectively. It interacts with the guide ribs 19 of the first and second legs 11, 12.

In one embodiment of the bearing element according to the invention, the upper part 17 of the partially spherical element is removed to prevent contact at any point but to promote ring contact. This reduces the risk of wear of the key components of the linkage assembly.

The purpose of the uneven contact between the bearing element 8 and the spherical seat 10 is to reduce or eliminate squeak caused by relative movement between adjacent links in the direction perpendicular to the first conveying direction.

8 shows two link members 2 to be connected together by a bearing element 8 and a pin 7. Cargo conveying means have been omitted from the drawings for the purpose of simplicity.

9 and 10 show how the three link members are connected to each other similarly to FIG. The cargo conveying means 20 is also shown in the figure.

12 shows a chain conveyor system according to the present invention. The chain guide means 100 is composed of a conveyor frame having guide rails arranged on at least two opposing sides of the conveyor chain 70. The guide rails define the conveyor chain passageways by allowing the sliding bearing surfaces on the chain links to slide on the guide rails while the chain links are held at a predetermined position relative to each other and relative to the conveyor chain passage. Cargo loads are mainly transmitted from the chain link to the conveyor frame via the sliding bearing surface on the chain. Typically, the guide rails are made of extruded aluminum profiles. The guide support means 110 is mounted to the chain guide means 100 to maintain the conveyor chain 70 at a predetermined position with respect to the floor, etc., and is typically composed of a metal leg which is height-adjustable. The drive means 120 is arranged at one end of the conveyor chain loop.

The bearing element 8 may be provided with a chamfering surface arranged in the opening of the third through hole 9 ", or at least one washer-type element (not shown) to facilitate the insertion of the pin 7. It can be provided on the pin 7 in relation to the bearing element 8. However, these two elements can provide a smaller contact surface between the bearing element 8 and the spherical seat 10 and provide a link connection. The spherical face to be achieved can be made smaller, which can lead to increased fatigue.

By fabricating the conveyor chain from a material having a low coefficient of friction, such as acetal plastic and / or polyamide, it is possible to obtain a better elastic module in terms of cost.

The main advantage of the present invention is that the number of individual and different parts constituting the chainlink assembly is quite limited and the design of such links creates a closed force field resulting in symmetrical load distribution and low wear.

When assembling the chain link inside the conveyor belt, the sequence is as follows.

1) The bearing element 8 is inserted inside the spherical bearing seat 10 of the first end 4 of the link member 2 having the spherical portion of the bearing element facing the bearing seat.

2) The first and second legs 11 and 12 of the other link member have the first and second through holes 9 and 9 'of the link member different from the third through hole 9 "of the bearing element 8. Placed to align with.

3) The pin 7 has a first through hole 9, a third through hole 9 "of the bearing element 8 and a second through hole of the other link member to hold the bearing element firmly in place. 9 ') inside.

4) Another link is added by repeating steps 1) to 2) above.

The present invention is not limited to the examples shown in the foregoing description and drawings, and may vary in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. For example, it is also possible to use a bearing element 8 of diameter smaller than the distance between the first leg 11 and the second leg 12. In that case the legs 11, 12 are provided with protrusions corresponding to the width between the bearing elements 8 and the distance between the legs 11, 12.

According to the invention described above,

It allows the chain link conveyor to be twisted in the direction of movement, such as the rotation of the screw, and obtains an improved chain link conveyor with strong but simple, inexpensive manufacturing costs and joints between the individual links,

In addition, it is possible to obtain a ball and socket joint capable of transmitting a force in a moving direction of the front and rear of the conveyor,

In addition, the relative motion between adjacent links in the normal and normal direction of travel can be minimized to obtain ball and socket joints between the individual links, with reduced or eliminated squeaking.

Claims (22)

A conveyor system comprising a conveyor chain having a plurality of chain links each having a link member 2, a connecting pin 7 and a bearing element 8, chain guide means and guide support means, The link member has a cargo transfer means 20 and a lower link member 3 having a first end 4 and a second end 5, the second ends being arranged at regular intervals from one another. It has a first leg 11 and a second leg 12, the first leg has a first through hole (9), the second leg has a second through hole (coaxial with the first through hole (9) 9 '), wherein the first through hole 9 and the second through hole 9' are arranged to hold the connecting pin, The bearing element is partially spherical and has a third through hole 9 "arranged to hold said connecting pin, said first end being arranged to slide with at least a portion of said spherical bearing element surface of the near chain link. Characterized in that it has a partially spherical bearing seat 10, Conveyor system. The method of claim 1, The first leg 11 has a first projection 6 which is arranged perpendicular to the first moving direction of the chain link conveyor and directed outwardly from the first leg, wherein the first through hole 9 is Located in a first projection, the second leg 12 has a second projection 18 opposed to the first projection and arranged outwardly directed from the second leg, the second through hole 9 '. Is located in the second projection and has the same cross section as the first through hole 9 and the third through hole 9 "has a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the connecting pin 7, Conveyor system. The method of claim 1, The spherical bearing element 8 further comprises a force absorbing means 15 extending toward an adjacent chain link, the second end 5 of the link member 2 having a curved surface 16, The curved surface transfers a compressive force from one conveyor chain link to an adjacent conveyor chain link, which is generated when the conveyor is in contact with each other and the conveyor moves in a second movement direction opposite the first movement direction, Conveyor system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The cargo conveying means 20 is shaped like a flat surface having a plurality of notches 30 and teeth 40 arranged adjacent to the first end 4 and the second end 5, and Characterized in that the notches and the teeth are arranged to engage the corresponding notches and teeth of the adjacent chain links of the conveyor, Conveyor system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The cargo conveying means 20 is a flat having a first step portion 50 arranged adjacent to the first end 4 and a second step portion 60 arranged adjacent to the second end 5. Wherein the first steps and the second steps are arranged to engage the corresponding second steps and the first steps of each of the adjacent chain links of the conveyor, Conveyor system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The connecting pin 7 is characterized in that it has a non-circular cross section, Conveyor system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Characterized in that the bearing element 8 and the link member 2 are made of a material having a low coefficient of friction, Conveyor system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The bearing element 8 further comprises a first projection 31 and a second projection 32 adjacent the two openings of the third through hole 9 ″, the two projections of the link member 2. Characterized in that it is arranged in direct contact with the first and second legs 11, 12 of the second end 5 so that the two legs can be bent only towards the bearing element 8 until the projection. Conveyor system. As a conveyor chain link united with a link member (2) provided with a transport facilitating means and a lower surface, A lower portion 3 extending downward from the lower surface of the link member 2 and including a first end 4 and a second end 5, a pin 7, and a bearing element 8. In the conveyor chain link, The bearing element 8 comprises means for incorporating a partially spherical element connected to the pin 7, the second end 5 forming two legs 11, 12 and the The first and second through holes 9, 9 ′ are provided in the transverse direction away from the first end 4, wherein the first and second holes 9, 9 ′ are provided with a bearing element 8. The pin 7 is provided and the bearing element 8 is arranged between the legs 11 and 12, and the first end 4 receives the bearing element 8 to receive the bearing element ( 8) with a spherical sheet 10 arranged to partially enclose the spherical sheet 10, a multidirectional link assembly is achieved by coupling between the spherical sheet 10 and the spherical elements of the bearing elements of the adjacent conveyor chainlink 14, The width of the bearing element 8 is equal to the free space between the legs 11, 12 in the region of the first and second holes 9, 9 ′. Characterized by Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The first and second holes 9, 9 ′ are arranged to extend through a shaft divided into two parts 6, 18 connected to the second end 5, respectively, the shafts 6, 18. Characterized in that the second end 5 and the first end 4 are integrally fabricated and arranged such that the means incorporated with the partially spherical element are mounted to the link member 2, Conveyor chain link. The method according to claim 9 or 10, The first and second holes 9, 9 ′ are characterized in that they have the same cross section as the pin 7, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, Characterized in that the two legs (11, 12) are arranged at the same angle, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The bearing element 8 is characterized in that the ball-type element, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 13, The ball-shaped element is characterized in that it has a through hole for receiving the pin 7 and a chamfering surface arranged in the opening of the through hole, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The pin 7 is at least the bearing element 8, or at least one of the first and second holes 9, 9 ′, or both the bearing element 8 and the two holes 9, 9 ′. It is fixed to, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The link is arranged to be interconnected to a plurality of different chain links, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The bearing element 8 is provided with a force absorbing means 15 incorporating a portion extending towards the adjacent link 14, the extension being in contact with the curved surface 16 of the adjacent link 14. Characterized by Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The partial spherical element and the link are each made of a material having a low coefficient of friction, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 9, The upper part 17 of the partial spherical element is removed, Conveyor chain link. The method of claim 6, The non-circular cross section has a triangular cross section, Conveyor system. The method of claim 7, wherein The material having a low coefficient of friction is at least one of acetal plastic and polaramide, Conveyor system. The method of claim 18, The material having a low coefficient of friction is at least one of acetal plastic and polyamide, Conveyor chain link.

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