KR100639113B1 - Manufacturing method of fuel gas from wasted plastics using COREX furnace - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of fuel gas from wasted plastics using COREX furnace Download PDFInfo
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- KR100639113B1 KR100639113B1 KR1020040111238A KR20040111238A KR100639113B1 KR 100639113 B1 KR100639113 B1 KR 100639113B1 KR 1020040111238 A KR1020040111238 A KR 1020040111238A KR 20040111238 A KR20040111238 A KR 20040111238A KR 100639113 B1 KR100639113 B1 KR 100639113B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
본 발명은 제철공정의 일종인 코렉스 공정을 이용하여 폐플라스틱을 열분해 및 가스화에 의해 양질의 연료가스를 경제적으로 제조하는 방법에 관한 것으로서, 혼합 폐플라스틱을 10 내지 60㎜의 입도를 갖는 성형체로 제조하여 코렉스공정의 용융환원로에 기존 석탄 투입량 대비 1~15% 투입하여 수소,메탄,일산화탄소 등으로 구성된 혼합가스를 제조하는 방법을 제공한다.The present invention relates to a method for economically producing high quality fuel gas by pyrolysis and gasification of waste plastics using a corex process, a kind of steelmaking process, wherein mixed waste plastics are manufactured into shaped bodies having a particle size of 10 to 60 mm. It provides a method of producing mixed gas composed of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide by injecting 1 ~ 15% of the existing coal input into the melt reduction reactor of the Korex process.
본 발명에 따르면, 종래 폐기 처리되던 폐플라스틱을 기존에 상용화되고 있는 제철용 코렉스로를 이용하여 직접 적용함으로서 유용한 연료가스를 경제적으로 제조할 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention, it is possible to economically produce useful fuel gas by directly applying waste plastic, which has been conventionally disposed of waste plastic, using a commercial steelmaking corex furnace.
폐플라스틱, 코렉스 용융로, 연료가스 Waste Plastic, Corex Furnace, Fuel Gas
Description
도 1은 코렉스로 공정의 개략도.1 is a schematic diagram of a process with a corex.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 설명** Description of the main parts of the drawing *
1 : 용융환원로 2 : 예비환원로1: melt reduction reactor 2: preliminary reduction reactor
3 : 돔3: dome
본발명은 코렉스로를 이용하여 종래 폐기처분되던 폐플라스틱으로부터 연료가스를 제조 방법을 제공하는 것이다. The present invention is to provide a method for producing fuel gas from waste plastic that has been conventionally disposed of using a corex furnace.
코렉스(COREX)공정은 기존 제철 공정인 고로 공정의 단점 즉 환경 오염물질의 다량 발생, 복잡한 설비 구성 및 운영, 조업 가동의 유연성 부족 등을 극복하고자 개발된 신 제철 공정이며, 상업화에 성공한 공정으로서 1기가 POSCO 포항제철소에서 가동 중이다.The COREX process is a new steelmaking process developed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing blast furnace process, that is, the generation of environmental pollutants, complex facility configuration and operation, and lack of flexibility in operation. Giga is operating at POSCO Pohang Works.
코렉스 공정은 용융환원 제철법의 대표적인 공정으로 도 1에 개략도를 보여준다. 코렉스로는 용융환원로(1)와 예비 환원로(2)로 구성되어 있으며, 용융환원로 (1)의 상부를 돔(dome)부(3)라고 한다. 철광석과 부원료는 예비 환원로(2)에서 1차 환원된 후 석탄과 함께 용융환원로(1)에 투입되어 2차 환원되는 2단계 환원 방법을 채택하고 있다.The Korex process is a representative process of the melt reduction steelmaking method is shown in Figure 1 schematic. The corex furnace is composed of a
코렉스 용융환원로(1)에서는 용융환원로 상부를 통해 환원철 및 부연료 등의 원료 물질이 투입 낙하되고, 하부에 위치한 풍구를 통해 유입되는 산소 가스와 상기 연료 즉 석탄과의 연소 및 가스화 반응에 의해 발생하는 환원성 가스와 반응열에 의해 철광석의 최종환원 및 용해에 의해 최종 생성물인 용선(쇳물)을 제조하게 된다. 한편 용융환원로에서는 CO 64%, H2 21%를 함유하는 고환원성 가스가 발생하는 데, 이 가스는 상기 예비환원로로 유입되어 철광석의 예비 환원에 참여하게 된다. 이 예비환원성의 효율을 위해 용융환원로 상부의 온도는 1000℃ 이상으로 유지시키는 것이 중요하다. In the COREX melt reduction reactor (1), raw materials such as reduced iron and secondary fuel are introduced and dropped through the upper portion of the melt reduction reactor, and combustion and gasification reaction between oxygen gas and the fuel, namely coal, introduced through a tuyere located at the lower portion thereof. The final reduction and melting of the iron ore by the reducing gas and the heat of reaction to produce a molten iron (final product) as a final product. On the other hand, in the melt reduction furnace, a highly reducing gas containing 64% of CO and 21% of H 2 is generated, and this gas flows into the preliminary reduction furnace to participate in preliminary reduction of iron ore. For this efficiency of pre-reduction, it is important to keep the temperature of the upper part of the melt reduction furnace at 1000 ° C or higher.
한편, 혼합 폐플라스틱의 경우 가스화하여 연료가스를 제조하기 위해서는 일련의 가스화설비가 필요하며 이는 폐플라스틱의 연료가스화로의 재활용에 있어서 경제적 가치를 크게 낮추게 되기 때문에 실용화에 어려움이 있다. On the other hand, in the case of mixed waste plastics, a series of gasification facilities are required in order to gasify and manufacture fuel gas, which has difficulty in practical use because it significantly lowers the economic value in recycling waste plastics into fuel gasifiers.
본 발명은 상술한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, 제철용 코렉스 공정의 설비를 그대로 활용하여 폐플라스틱으로부터 연료가스를 경제적으로 제조하는 방법을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for economically producing fuel gas from waste plastic by utilizing the facilities of the steelmaking Korex process as it is.
상술한 기술적 과제를 달성하기 위하여, 석탄과 환원철로 용선을 제조하는 코렉스로 공정에 있어서, 폐플라스틱을 입도10 내지 60㎜의 성형체로 제조하는 단계와, 상기 폐플라스틱 성형체를 석탄 투입량 대비 1~15 중량% 코렉스로 내에 투입하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
이하, 본 발명의 구성 및 작용에 대하여 상세하게 설명한다.In order to achieve the above technical problem, in the Korex furnace process for producing molten iron from coal and reduced iron, the step of producing waste plastic into a molded body having a particle size of 10 to 60 mm, and the waste plastic molded
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the structure and effect | action of this invention are demonstrated in detail.
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수집된 혼합 폐플라스틱을 가열압출방식이나 가열 롤 프레스 방식에 의하여 성형하며, 폐플라스틱 성형체의 입도는 10~60㎜로 제한한다. 이는 10mm 미만인 경우에는 폐플라스틱 성형체의 장입시 비산되어 효율적인 반응을 바랄 수 없고, 60mm를 초과하는 경우에는 코렉스로의 사양상 장입이 불과하기 때문이다. 이러한 입도범위에서 폐플라스틱 성형체를 코렉스로에 투입할 때 기존의 석탄 피더(feeder)를 그대로 활용할 수 있으며, 용융환원로 내의 압력손실을 저감하고 투입원료의 비산을 방지할 수 있다.The collected mixed waste plastic is molded by a hot extrusion method or a hot roll press method, and the particle size of the waste plastic molded body is limited to 10 to 60 mm. This is because if less than 10mm is scattered during the charging of the plastic molded body can not hope for an efficient reaction, if it exceeds 60mm is only charged in the specification to Korex. In this particle size range, when the waste plastic molded body is introduced into the corex furnace, the existing coal feeder can be used as it is, and the pressure loss in the melt reduction reactor can be reduced and the scattering of the feedstock can be prevented.
폐플라스틱은 석탄과 동시에 투입되게 되는데 이 때 석탄 투입량 대비 1~15 중량%를 로내에 투입하는 것이 바람직하며, 이는 1중량% 미만일 경우에는 폐플라스틱의 첨가효과가 미미하고, 15중량%를 초과할 때는 로내 온도가 너무 하강하여 조업에 영향을 주기 때문이다. Waste plastics are introduced at the same time as coal. At this time, it is preferable to add 1 to 15% by weight of coal into the furnace. If the amount is less than 1% by weight, the added effect of waste plastics is insignificant, and it may exceed 15% by weight. This is because the furnace temperature drops too much and the operation is affected.
상기에서 제조된 폐플라스틱 성형체를 용융환원로에 투입하여 아래와 같은 가스화 반응으로 연료가스를 제조하게 된다.The waste plastic molded product prepared above is introduced into a melt reduction reactor to produce fuel gas by the gasification reaction as follows.
CnHm → a CH4 + b H2 + c C (1) CnHm → a CH 4 + b H 2 + c C (1)
C + O2 → CO2 (2) C + O 2 → CO 2 (2)
C + CO2 → 2 CO (3) C + CO 2 → 2 CO (3)
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2 H2 (4) CH 4 + O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 (4)
CH4 + H2O → CO2 + 3 H2 (5) CH 4 + H 2 O → CO 2 + 3 H 2 (5)
CH4+ 1/2 O2 → CO + 2 H2 (6)CH 4 + 1/2 O 2 → CO + 2 H 2 (6)
상기 가스화 반응은 용융환원로의 상부 돔(dome)부 및 하부 용융로에서 발생하게 된다. 폐플라스틱이 로 상부로부터 투입되면 1000℃ 이상으로 유지되는 돔부를 통해 낙하하여 1100℃ 이상의 하부 용융층에 떨어지게 되는 데, 돔부 낙하시간은 수초에 불과하기 때문에 극히 일부만 가스화되고 상기 폐플라스틱의 주된 가스화 반응은 고온의 하부 용융층에 떨어지면서 급격하게 발생하게 된다. 실제 돔부의 온도 즉 1000~1100℃ 에서 최대 낙하시간 5초동안 가스화되는 폐플라스틱의 분율은 시험결과 5~7%로서 대부분의 가스화는 하부 용융로에서 발생함을 확인할 수 있었다.The gasification reaction is generated in the upper dome portion and the lower melting furnace of the melt reduction reactor. When the waste plastic is introduced from the top of the furnace, it falls through the dome part maintained at 1000 ° C. or more, and falls to the lower molten layer of 1100 ° C. or more. Is rapidly generated as it falls in the hot lower melting layer. In fact, the fraction of waste plasticized gas for 5 seconds at the maximum dome temperature, namely 1000 ~ 1100 ℃, was 5 ~ 7%, and most of the gasification occurred in the lower melting furnace.
이하, 본 발명의 상세한 내용을 실시예를 통하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be described through examples.
[실시예 1]Example 1
폐플라스틱을 코렉스로의 온도영역인 1100℃ 에서 가스화하여 발생가스의 조 성 및 양을 측정해 보았다. 폐플라스틱은 혼합 폐플라스틱으로서 발열량은 9500 kcal/kg이었다.Waste plastics were gasified at 1100 ℃, which is the temperature range of the corex furnace, and the composition and amount of generated gas were measured. Waste plastics were mixed waste plastics with a calorific value of 9500 kcal / kg.
본 실시예에서의 가스화방법은 일정길이의 노내의 입구측에 폐플라스틱의 성형체를 위치하고, 입구측에서 코렉스로 가스조성으로 모사된 반응가스를 일정유속으로 흘려주고, 출구측에서 출구측 가스를 포집하는 방법을 채택하였다. 이 때 출구측의 가스를 정량분석하게 되면 반응가스와 폐플라스틱 성형체와의 반응으로 인하여 생성된 연소가스의 조성을 알 수 있다. In the gasification method of this embodiment, the molded body of waste plastic is placed at the inlet side of the furnace of a certain length, and the reaction gas simulated by the gas composition at the inlet side is flowed at a constant flow rate, and the outlet side gas is collected at the outlet side. The method was adopted. At this time, if the gas at the outlet side is quantitatively analyzed, the composition of the combustion gas generated by the reaction between the reaction gas and the waste plastic molded body can be known.
이 때 입구측에서 흘려주는 모사된 코렉스로 가스의 조성은 H2 21%, CO 64%, CH4 1%, CO2 5%, N2 4%, H2O 5%이다. At this time, the composition of the simulated Corex gas flowing from the inlet side is H 2 21%, CO 64%,
표 1은 상기 시험으로부터 발생한 가스의 조성으로서, 폐플라스틱의1100℃ 에서의 가스화 생성물 조성을 나타낸다.Table 1 shows the gasification product composition of the waste plastic at 1100 ° C. as the composition of the gas generated from the test.
발생가스의 양은 폐플라스틱 톤당 약3300 Nm3이었으며, 이는 코렉스로에 투입되는 석탄으로부터 발생하는 가스량 1500 Nm3/톤의 거의 2배에 해당하는 양이다.The amount of generated gas was about 3300 Nm 3 per tonne of waste plastic, which is almost twice the amount of 1500 Nm 3 / ton of gas generated from coal input into the Korex furnace.
[실시예 2]Example 2
실제 코렉스로를 이용한 혼합 폐플라스틱의 가스화를 실시하였다.Actually, mixed waste plastics were gasified using a Korex furnace.
본 시험에 사용된 폐플라스틱은 발열량 9500 kcal/kg의 PE, PP, PS혼합 폐플 라스틱으로서, 가열압출방식 및 가열 롤 프레스 방식에 의해 10 내지 60㎜의 입도를 갖는 성형체로 제조하여 사용하였다.Waste plastics used in this test were PE, PP and PS mixed waste plastics with a calorific value of 9500 kcal / kg, and were manufactured and used as molded bodies having a particle size of 10 to 60 mm by a hot extrusion method and a hot roll press method.
상기 폐플라스틱은 기존 연료인 석탄과 혼합하여 기존 스크류피더(screw feeder)를 이용하여 로 상부로부터 투입하였는데, 투입 시에 막힘 등의 문제없이 원활하게 공급되었다. The waste plastic was mixed with coal, which is an existing fuel, and fed from the top of the furnace using a conventional screw feeder, and was smoothly supplied without any problems such as clogging during the feeding.
폐플라스틱 성형체의 공급과 함께 로에서 발생하는 가스의 조성 및 양을 측정하였는데, 이는 기존 석탄만을 투입할 때와 비교하여 결정할 수 있었다.The composition and amount of gas generated in the furnace along with the supply of waste plastic compacts were measured, which could be determined by comparison with the conventional coal input.
표 2는 폐플라스틱을 석탄 대비 5% 혼합하여 투입할 때의 가스 조성 을 요약한 것으로서, 코렉스로에서의 폐플라스틱 가스화 생성물 조성 (단위 : vol.%)이다.Table 2 summarizes the gas composition when 5% mixed waste plastics are added to coal, and shows the composition of waste plasticized gasification products (in vol.%) In a Korex furnace.
상기 표2로부터 코렉스로로부터 발생한 가스의 조성은 표 1의 시험 결과와 비교할 때 수소 및 CO는 증가하며, 메탄과 CO2는 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 한편, 발생 가스량은 폐플라스틱 톤당 3500 Nm3 정도로 높았다.The composition of the gas generated from Corex Furnace from Table 2 tended to increase hydrogen and CO and decrease methane and CO 2 as compared with the test results of Table 1. On the other hand, the amount of generated gas was as high as 3500 Nm 3 per ton of waste plastic.
이와 같은 가스는 전량 회수하여 제철소의 발전용 연료로 활용됨으로써 경제적인 부가가치 창출이 가능하다.All of these gases are recovered and used as fuel for power generation in steel mills, thereby creating economic added value.
[실시예 3]Example 3
폐플라스틱을 코렉스로에 투입하여 가스화함에 있어서 중요한 점은 투입 가 능량을 산정하는 것이다. 이는 앞서 언급된 바와 같이 로 발생 가스에 의한 철광석의 예비환원 효율을 일정 이상으로 유지시키기 위해 용융환원로 상부의 온도 즉 발생가스의 온도를 1000℃ 이상으로 유지하는 것과 연관되기 때문이다. 즉 폐플라스틱을 로내에 추가 투입함에 따라 로내 온도는 폐플라스틱의 분해열에 의해 감소하게 되므로 폐플라스틱의 최대 투입 가능량은 이 로 온도를 1000℃ 이상으로 유지하도록 결정되어야 하는 것이다.An important point in gasifying waste plastics into the corex furnace is to estimate the amount of available input. This is because, as mentioned above, in order to maintain the pre-reduction efficiency of the iron ore by the furnace-generating gas above a certain level, it is related to maintaining the temperature of the upper portion of the melting reduction furnace, that is, the temperature of the generated gas at 1000 ℃ or more. That is, as additional waste plastic is added to the furnace, the furnace temperature is reduced by the heat of decomposition of the waste plastic, so the maximum amount of waste plastic can be determined to maintain the furnace temperature above 1000 ° C.
상기 투입 가능량을 평가하기 위해서 실시예 2와 같은 투입시험을 폐플라스틱 투입량을 석탄 투입량 대비 0~20 % 로 변화시키면서 로내 온도 변화를 측정하였으며, 그 결과를 표3에 요약하였다. 여기서 폐플라스틱 투입량은 기존 석탄 투입량 대비 중량 %로 나타낸 것이다.In order to evaluate the input amount, the temperature change in the furnace was measured while changing the waste plastic input amount to 0-20% of the coal input amount in the same test as in Example 2, and the results are summarized in Table 3. Here, the amount of waste plastic input is expressed as weight% of the existing coal input.
상기 결과로부터 투입 가능 폐플라스틱의 양은 석탄 대비 15%임을 결정할 수 있으며 이를 초과하면 로내의 온도가 1000℃ 이하로 하강하기 때문에 조업에 영향을 주게 된다. 본 코렉스로의 경우 시간당 약 100톤의 석탄을 투입하기 때문에 폐플라스틱 투입 가능량은 시간당 최대 15톤 정도이다.From the above results, it is possible to determine that the amount of waste plastic that can be added is 15% of coal, and if it exceeds this, the temperature in the furnace falls below 1000 ° C., thus affecting the operation. In the case of Korex Furnace, about 100 tons of coal is injected per hour, so the amount of waste plastic can be added up to 15 tons per hour.
본 발명에서 제공되는 방법에 의하면 폐기 처분되는 혼합 폐플라스틱을 별도 의 추가설비 투자없이 코렉스로 설비를 그대로 이용하여 유용한 연료가스를 제조할 수 있다. 특히 본 발명은 폐플라스틱의 대량 처리 및 활용방법을 제공한다. According to the method provided by the present invention, a useful waste gas can be manufactured by using the mixed waste plastic disposed of in the waste disposal facility as Corex without additional investment of additional equipment. In particular, the present invention provides a method for mass processing and utilization of waste plastics.
본 발명에 따르면, 종래 폐기 처리되던 폐플라스틱을 기존에 상용화되고 있는 제철용 코렉스로를 이용하여 직접 적용함으로서 유용한 연료가스를 경제적으로 제조할 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention, it is possible to economically produce useful fuel gas by directly applying waste plastic, which has been conventionally disposed of waste plastic, using a commercial steelmaking corex furnace.
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