KR100636616B1 - Recyling of Food Waste by Rapid Pyrolysis Process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rapid pyrolysis device for food wastes and a method thereof, and more particularly, to recovering clean high-quality char by a device and method for rapid pyrolysis of food wastes containing a large amount of contaminants, and The present invention provides a device and method for reducing waste of food waste by using it as a heating device for processing coal and using coal fuel with a 25% level of coal. For a device and a method for performing such rapid heating, a fluidized bed device is used. The present invention relates to a rapid pyrolysis device for food waste which can control the distribution and quality of the product by controlling the temperature and adjusting the residence time, thereby producing a good quality coal briquettes through optimization.

According to the present invention, by producing the char through the process of separating and removing impurities, it is possible to produce a high quality fuel coal with a calorific value of 4000 Kcal / kg, and the produced char can be used as powdered activated carbon to dry food waste. After the thermochemical treatment process, food waste can be reduced and recycled.

Food Waste, Rapid Pyrolysis, Fuel Coal

Description

Rapid pyrolysis device for food waste and method thereof {Recyling of Food Waste by Rapid Pyrolysis Process}

1 is an exemplary view for showing a rapid pyrolysis device of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention.

2 is a flow chart showing a rapid pyrolysis method of food waste according to the present invention.

3 is an exemplary view for showing a fuel coal formed from char in accordance with the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

1: hopper 2: screw feeder

3: reactor 4: distributor

5: distributor box 6: fan outlet

7: preheater 8: check valve

9: flow meter 10: carrier gas tank

11: cyclone 12: condenser

13: gas-liquid separator 14: moisture absorber

15: gas collector 16: gas flow meter

17: bio oil collecting device 100: rapid pyrolysis device

The present invention relates to a rapid pyrolysis device for food wastes and a method thereof, and more particularly, to recovering clean high-quality char by a device and method for rapid pyrolysis of food wastes containing a large amount of contaminants, and The present invention provides a device and method for reducing waste of food waste by using it as a heating device for processing coal and using coal fuel with a 25% level of coal. For a device and a method for performing such rapid heating, a fluidized bed device is used. The present invention relates to a rapid pyrolysis device for food waste which can control the distribution and quality of the product by controlling the temperature and adjusting the residence time, thereby producing a good quality coal briquettes through optimization.

In general, food waste is 11,800 tons per day as of 1998, accounting for 26.5% of household waste, and this food waste has a lot of water. In addition, even in the case of burning and incineration of food waste, incomplete combustion due to low calorific value causes high air pollutants and environmental hormone emissions than other bio wastes.

In particular, it is pointed out that the spicy and salty characteristics of domestic food culture compared to other countries have a very high salt concentration in food wastes, so that compost or feed made from food wastes causes serious damage to crops, livestock and even the human body.

In addition, there is a problem that the yield of crops is reduced in the case of compost containing salt, and it may cause direct damage to livestock and human body by failing to separate or discharge harmful substances such as vinyl, plastic, cigarette butts and heavy metals during the collection process. There is a problem, and when burning and incinerating food waste, air pollutants and environmental hormone emissions are higher than other bio wastes.

As a waste recycling technique by heat treatment, carbonization method with a slow heating rate is typically used for charcoal manufacturing method, and in the process of treating food waste, the carbonization method has been proposed, but the carbonization process induces odor such as organic acid contained in solid components. There is a disadvantage that the components cannot be removed effectively.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the object of the present invention is to maintain the heating rate in the thermochemical food waste treatment process to induce the rapid separation and diffusion of impurities to It is to manufacture high quality char by preventing impurities from remaining inside.

Another object of the present invention is to effectively reduce heat within a fast reaction time to enable more efficient heat transfer and material transfer than the carbonization method, so that the size of food waste introduced into the device is small and the reaction temperature stays within a few seconds at 500 ° C or more. The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for facilitating liquefaction and gasification reactions by enabling rapid heat transfer to the inside of waste.                         

Another object of the present invention is to remove sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, etc. contained in the dried food waste by gas or liquid phase through the thermochemical treatment by rapid pyrolysis to produce clean coal.

The configuration of the present invention for solving the above problems,

Food waste inlet device consisting of a hopper (1) for feeding food waste and a screw feeder (2) for introducing the food waste introduced through the hopper: And, a storage device 10 for storing high pressure nitrogen and stored high pressure nitrogen Carrier gas inlet device consisting of a control device (9), (10) for controlling the preheater (7) for preheating the high-pressure gas to a predetermined temperature;

The food waste is introduced from the screw feeder 2, and the preheated high pressure gas is introduced from the distributor 4 which provides the preheated carrier gas at a high pressure, so that the food waste and char are fluidized to rapidly pyrolyze. As a top and bottom two-stage reactor, the first food waste is converted into a large amount of vapor by rapid pyrolysis treatment at high temperature and high pressure, and in the next step, it is converted into gas or char through the second reaction. A reactor (3) for final conversion; and a distribution box (4): for allowing the preheated carrier gas to reach the distributor with a uniform flow; And

Cyclone 11 for separating the gas or char generated through the secondary reaction of the reactor: and the gas passing through the cyclone 11 is cooled to room temperature while passing through the condenser 12 and the liquid phase A gas-liquid separator 13 for recovering the product to the bottom; a gas purification device 14 for purifying the gas separated from the gas-liquid separator; and a gas collecting device 15 for collecting the purified gas; A production amount measuring device 16 for measuring the amount of generated gas, a liquid product storage tank 17 for storing the liquid product, and a char discharge device for discharging the generated char; It is characterized in that it comprises a; product post-treatment device composed of (6).

Preferably, a ceramic heater is installed on the outer wall of the cyclone to prevent tar generation by cooling of the generated pyrolysis gas. The maximum temperature and pressure of the reactor are 800 ° C. and 3 bar, respectively. In the lower part, there is an inlet for food waste sample, and the lower reactor is provided with a discharge port of the generated waste.

In the present invention, the impurities and sulfur produced in order to prevent the inclusion of sulfur, nitrogen compounds, which are impurities included in the food waste, by physical adsorption or secondary reaction in the 촤 produced by pyrolysis to be included as little as possible It is necessary to minimize the contact time of the, according to the tower speed can be controlled so that the bottom reactor residence time of 1 second, the top reactor residence time of about 6 seconds.

In addition, only the carrier gas is used without using sand as the fluidizing medium to recycle the produced steam after the reaction, and the oil and gas generated in the reactor can be used again as a heating source of the fluidized bed apparatus.

In addition, the fuel coal may be manufactured by using the fuel produced by the present invention. The fuel coal manufacturing process is performed by adding, storing, blending, steam mixing, molding, drying, and commercializing the product, and molding using a binder. After compression, after the steam mixing may be made by hot air drying method.

In addition, according to the present invention, a method of rapidly decomposing food waste to separate gas and manufacturing fuel coal includes introducing a high-temperature, high-pressure carrier gas into the food waste sample so that the food waste and char are fluidized and rapidly heat up. A first step of applying the first pyrolysis reaction to convert a large amount of steam;

A second step of moving the converted large amount of steam together with the carrier gas to the top of the reactor to cause a secondary pyrolysis reaction to advance the vapor component into a gasification reaction;

A third step in which the solid content remaining in the first step is dropped into the lower end of the reactor by gravity to be fluidized by a carrier gas, and then converted into 촤 through a carbonization process;

A fourth step of recycling the gas generated in the second step to the heating of the reactor; And

The fifth step of preparing the fuel coal through the process of adding, storing, blending, steam mixing, compression molding, and drying the fuel generated in the third step.

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Preferably, the rapid pyrolysis reaction is treated with a residence time of 1 second at the top of the reactor and a residence time of 6 seconds at the bottom of the reactor in a reactor at 500 ° C. or higher to generate sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine element compounds, which are impurities included in the food waste, by pyrolysis. It is treated to prevent inclusion in the tank through physical adsorption or secondary reactions.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description of the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted, and the following terms are used in the present invention. As the terms set in consideration of the present invention may vary according to the intention or custom of the producer, the definition should be made based on the contents throughout the present specification.

Figure 1 is an exemplary view for showing a rapid pyrolysis device of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, according to Figure 1 rapid pyrolysis device for food waste 100 is largely a supply device, a pyrolysis reaction device, and a product after-treatment device Is done.

The feeder comprises a food waste inlet device and a carrier gas inlet device, and the food waste inlet device includes a hopper (1) for feeding food waste, and a screw feeder (2) for introducing food waste introduced through the hopper (1). The carrier gas inlet device includes a storage device 10 for storing high pressure nitrogen, a control device 9 for controlling the stored high pressure nitrogen, and a preheater 7 for preheating the high pressure gas to a predetermined temperature. It is composed.

When the food waste is fluidized into a carrier gas, 촤 is used as the fluidizing medium. When the waste food is used as the fluidizing medium, the heat and mass transfer to the reactants can be smoothly carried out through the vigorous fluidization with the food waste. In order to avoid the process of separating the sand from the produced sand after finishing, only the sand is used as the fluidizing medium.
The pyrolysis reactor includes a reactor (3) formed in two stages of up and down, a distributor (4) for introducing food gas and char into fluid by introducing a high-pressure nitrogen carrier gas into the reactor (3). And a distributor box 5 which allows the preheated carrier gas to reach the distributor 4 in a uniform flow.

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The maximum temperature and pressure in the reactor (3) is 800 ℃, 3 bar (bar), respectively, the lower part of the upper reactor has a food waste sample inlet is configured to receive food waste from the screw feeder (2), the lower reactor In the future, the outlet of the fan to be produced is installed. The reason why the upper reactor and the lower reactor are manufactured as two-stage reactors of different sizes is due to the thermal decomposition characteristics of the biomass, that is, the reactor section where the biomass is pyrolyzed. Primary macromolecules are converted to vapor phase material (in theory, intermediate material from which macromolecules are decomposed) by external heat and finally converted to gas or char through secondary reaction. This is because the reaction proceeds very fast, and when the reaction temperature is low, it is easily converted to 촤.

That is, one of the core technologies performed in the present invention is a technology in which sulfur, nitrogen compounds, which are impurities included in food wastes, are contained in the sulfur generated by pyrolysis as little as possible, and thus impurities generated by primary pyrolysis of food wastes are included. In order to prevent them from being included in the tank through physical adsorption or secondary reaction, it is configured to minimize the contact time between the generated impurities and the tank, and the particle size of food waste put into the apparatus is small and the reaction temperature is within 500 seconds or more within a few seconds. It is possible to quickly transfer heat to the inside of the waste, so that the liquefaction and gasification reaction is easy, and the residence time is short, so that impurities in the produced gas or liquid phase are less likely to be adsorbed or combined with water.

The food waste sample introduced into the reactor immediately undergoes the first pyrolysis reaction, and the volatile components move away from the solids and rapidly move to the top of the reactor together with the carrier gas, undergoing the second pyrolysis process, and the solids fall to the bottom of the reactor by gravity. It is fluidized by the carrier gas and converted to char through the carbonization process.

The steam generated in the reactor 3 is configured to be discharged to the outside through an outlet connected to the lower reactor, and the light vapor phase material is configured to move to the upper reactor by the carrier gas, thereby further gasification. Reaction or vapor phase decomposition of the material proceeds for this purpose, the residence time in the lower reactor was about 1 second, the residence time in the upper reactor was about 6 seconds based on the column speed.

That is, in the reactor 3, the gaseous waste sample is collected as a gas after being raised to the upper reactor by the rapid pyrolysis according to the first reaction and the second reaction as described above, and thus the rapid pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention. 100 is to be regenerated for heating, and the produced char is discharged through the char outlet at a predetermined time interval and collected and then made into fuel coal.

The method of manufacturing fuel coal from the collected steam consists of input, storage, blending, steam mixing, molding, drying, and commercialization, forming by using a binder, compressing after steam mixing, and then drying by hot air. As shown in FIG.

As described above, the product aftertreatment device is a product post-treatment device that separates the gas and steam generated in the reactor 3 to be recycled. The cyclone 11, the condenser 12, and the gas-liquid separator are shown in FIG. 1. (13), a gas purifying device 14, a gas collecting device 15, a production amount measuring device 16, a liquid product storage tank, and a fin discharge device 6.

The cyclone 11 utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the swirl flow of the fluid to separate the gas or char generated through the secondary reaction of the reactor, the gas passed through the cyclone 11 Is cooled to room temperature while passing through the condenser 12 is configured to be applied to the gas-liquid separator (13).

The gas-liquid separator 13 is configured to separate the vapor passing through the condenser 12 into a gas and a liquid product so that the gas is applied to the gas purification device 14 and the liquid product is stored in the liquid product storage tank 17. .

The following shows a specific embodiment according to the present invention with a diagram.

First, the food waste sample had a carbon element content of about 45 wt%, nitrogen and sulfur element contents of 3.92 wt% and 0.14 wt%, respectively, water content of about 2 wt%, total volatile solid content of 81 wt%, ash 12 wt%, The fixed carbon was 5 wt% and the calorific value was about 4,570 Kcal / kg.

Pyrolysis experiment of food waste samples using a fluidized bed reactor was carried out in the temperature range of 400 ~ 600 ℃, cyclone temperature is 300 ~ 330 ℃, the upper temperature of the cooling device is 200 ℃, the lower temperature is adjusted to below 30 ℃, Table 1 below shows the yield change due to rapid heating, Table 2 shows the change in the composition of 촤 due to rapid heating, and Table 3 shows the composition of the generated gas according to the reaction temperature.

Yield Change by Rapid Heating Temperature (℃) Gas yield (g / g) Liquid yield (g / g) Char yield (g / g) 500, 50 ℃ / min 0.239 0.412 0.340 500 ℃, rapid 0.253 0.471 0.276

Changes in Components of Soap by Rapid Heating carbon Hydrogen nitrogen Sulfur powder Calorific Value (Kcal / kg) R-1 45.0 6.16 4.45 0.12 4,570 500,10 ℃ / min 46.30 2.91 4.55 0.06 3,940 500, 100 ℃ / s 46.35 1.96 4.45 0.02 4,090

Composition of Produced Gas According to Reaction Temperature Gas composition (vol.%) Temperature (℃) 500 600 700 800 900 H ₂ 15.72 23.95 29.38 30.45 30.55 CO 11.52 13.71 15.25 18.70 19.48 C0 ₂ 60.36 48.68 42.31 37.58 37.74 CH ₄ 6.77 8.07 7.87 8.63 7.87 C ₂ H ₄ 0.89 0.86 0.81 0.75 0.67 C ₂ H ₆ 2.60 2.60 2.43 2.16 2.02 C ₃ H ₆ 1.11 1.12 1.02 0.90 0.90 C ₃ H ₈ 1.04 1.01 0.94 0.82 0.76

As can be seen in Table 1 above, the rapid pyrolysis at 500 ° C. shows that the gas yield and the liquid yield increase by 0.014 g / g and 0.059 g / g, respectively.

In addition, as can be seen from the component change table of 의 in Table 2, the constituent of 때 increases in carbon and decreases in hydrogen, especially in the case of rapid thermal decomposition. It can be seen that the liquid oil increases at the temperature and the nitrogen and sulfur content decreases.

This means that the organic sulfur in the food waste sample is rapidly transferred from the solid to the vapor phase by pyrolysis. The total volatile solid content of the food waste is reduced by more than half by fluidized bed pyrolysis, and the fixed carbon and ash content The calorific value of char was 4,090 Kcal / kg.

From the results, it was found that the pollutant content in the char can be reduced by rapid pyrolysis, and the fuel coal is produced using the char generated through this process.

The production process of the fuel coal is as shown in FIG. 2 as input (step S1), storage (step S2), blending (step S3), steam mixing (step S4), molding (step S5), drying (step S6), and commercialization. It was made using a caking agent, and after compression mixing after steam mixing, hot air drying.

The shaped coal briquettes were hard and not easily broken, and their shape was maintained even after combustion, and the burning duration of the coal-fired coal of FIG. 3 was 20 minutes.

As described above, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be modified or modified as many as possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the true technical protection of the present invention. The scope should be determined by the appended claims.

According to the present invention, by producing the char through the process of separating and removing impurities, it is possible to produce a high quality fuel coal with a calorific value of 4000 Kcal / kg, and the produced char can be used as powdered activated carbon to dry food waste. After the thermochemical treatment process, food waste can be reduced and recycled.

Claims (6)

Food waste inlet device consisting of a hopper (1) for introducing food waste and screw feeder (2) for introducing food waste introduced through the hopper, a storage device for storing high pressure nitrogen (10) and stored high pressure nitrogen A supply device comprising a control device 9 for controlling and a carrier gas inlet device composed of a preheater 7 for preheating the high pressure gas to a predetermined temperature; The food waste is introduced from the screw feeder 2, and the preheated high pressure gas is introduced from the distributor 4 which provides the preheated carrier gas at a high pressure so that the food waste and char are fluidized to rapidly pyrolyze. As a top and bottom two-stage reactor, the first food waste is converted into a large amount of vapor by rapid pyrolysis treatment at high temperature and high pressure, and in the next step, it is converted into gas or char through the second reaction. A pyrolysis reactor comprising a reactor 3 for final conversion and a distribution box 4 which allows the preheated carrier gas to reach the distributor with a uniform flow and Cyclone 11 for separating the gas or char produced through the secondary reaction of the reactor, the gas passing through the cyclone 11 is cooled to room temperature while passing through the condenser 12 and the liquid product is A gas-liquid separator 13 for recovering to the lower part, a gas purifier 14 for purifying the gas separated from the gas-liquid separator, a gas collecting device 15 for collecting the purified gas, and a generated amount of the generated gas Product post-treatment consisting of a production amount measuring device 16 for measuring the amount of liquid, a liquid product storage tank 17 for storing the liquid product, and a char discharge device 6 for discharging the generated char. Rapid pyrolysis device of food waste, characterized in that it comprises a device. The method of claim 1, The top of the reactor is formed larger than the bottom of the food waste sample is injected directly to the first pyrolysis reaction proceeds from the volatiles from the solids and the gas quickly moved to the top of the reactor with the carrier gas undergoes a second pyrolysis process, the solids to gravity Rapid pyrolysis device of food waste, characterized in that formed in a two-stage reactor of different sizes to be carbonized while fluidized and dropped to the bottom of the reactor. The method of claim 1, Rapid thermal decomposition apparatus of food waste, characterized in that a ceramic heater for preventing tar generation by cooling of the generated pyrolysis gas is installed on the outer wall of the cyclone. The method of claim 1, A device for rapid pyrolysis of food waste, characterized in that the residence time of the food waste sample introduced into the reactor is set to 1 second in the lower reactor and 6 seconds in the upper reactor. A first step in which a high temperature and high pressure carrier gas is introduced into the food waste sample so that the food waste and char are fluidized and rapidly applied to the first food pyrolysis to be converted into a large amount of steam; A second step of moving the converted large amount of steam together with the carrier gas to the top of the reactor to cause a secondary pyrolysis reaction to advance the vapor component into a gasification reaction; A third step of dropping the solid content remaining in the first step to the bottom of the reactor by gravity to be fluidized by a carrier gas, and then converting it into 을 through a carbonization process; A fourth step of recycling the gas generated in the second step to the heating of the reactor; And Rapid pyrolysis of the food waste, characterized in that the fifth step of producing a fuel coal through the process of adding, storing, blending, steam mixing, compression molding, drying the 촤 produced in the third step. The method of claim 5, The rapid pyrolysis reaction is treated with a residence time of 1 second at the bottom of the reactor and a residence time of 6 seconds at the top of the reactor at 500 or more. Or rapid pyrolysis method of food waste, characterized in that to prevent the inclusion through the secondary reaction.

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