KR100627925B1 - An arrangement for controlling the rotational speed, efficiency, torque, and power of a electric motor or regenerator, and a method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Devices such as electric motors, generators or regenerative electric motors include a rotor array and a stator array.

The stator array has a dielectric electromagnet housing and at least one movable electromagnet assembly comprising the entire amorphous metal magnetic core.

The entire amorphous metal magnetic core is composed of a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces.

The dielectric electromagnet housing has a core piece opening formed in the electromagnet housing to hold the individually formed amorphous metal core pieces at positions adjacent to each other to form the entire amorphous metal magnetic core.

The apparatus further includes a control arrangement that can variably control the activation and deactivation of the electromagnet using any combination of a plurality of activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency, torque and power of the apparatus.

Description

Control arrangement for controlling the rotational speed, efficiency, torque, and power of an electric motor or a generator and its control method {AN ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE ROTATIONAL SPEED,

1 shows a rotor arrangement, a stator having an entire amorphous metal magnetic core made of an amorphous metal core piece formed separately from a stator housing, and a control arrangement having an encoder disk; A schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus designed by the present invention, including a.

2 is a plan view of the rotor arrangement of the device of FIG.

3A is a perspective view of a temporary example of an entire amorphous metal magnetic core that forms the stator array portion of the device of FIG. 1.

3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stator housing of FIG. 1.

4 is a schematic top view of the encoder disk of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing various activation and deactivation parameters that the control arrangement of the FIG. 1 device can use to control the FIG. 1 device.

6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention in which a windmill drives a generator designed according to the present invention.

7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention in which a turbine engine drives a generator designed according to the present invention.

8 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a total amorphous metal magnetic core designed in accordance with the present invention.

9 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a total amorphous metal magnetic core designed in accordance with the present invention.

10 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a total amorphous metal magnetic core designed in accordance with the present invention.

11A-H are perspective views of various embodiments of individual amorphous metal core pieces having various cross-sectional shapes.

12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of multiple devices designed in accordance with the present invention.

13 is a plan view of a stator arrangement in another embodiment of multiple devices designed according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on major parts of drawing

10: device body 14: shaft

16: rotor arrangement

18: stator arrangement

20: device housing

24a-f: supermanent super magnets

26: rotor disk

28a, 28b: stator housing

30: core piece openings

32: coil openings

34: electromagnet assembly

36: overall amorphous metal magnetic core

38: coil array

36a-g: amorphous metal core pieces

44: control arrangement

48: detector arrangement

The present invention relates to a control arrangement for controlling the rotational speed, efficiency, torque and power of an electric motor or a generator and a control method thereof. The term regenerative motor as used herein refers to a device that can be operated as either an electric motor or a generator.

More specifically, the present invention provides a control arrangement that can variably control the activation and deactivation of the electromagnet using a combination of several activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency, power and torque of the electric motor or generator. to provide.

There has been a desire in the electric motor and generator industry for motors and generators that have increased efficiency and power density. In comparison, compared to conventional motors and generators, motors and generators consisting of super permanent magnet rotors (e.g. cobalt rare earth magnets and neodymium-iron-boronite) and stators, including electromagnets with amorphous magnetic metal cores Inherently it has been believed to provide higher efficiency and power density.

In addition, because the amorphous metal core can react much faster to magnetic field changes than conventional iron core materials, the amorphous metal magnetic core enables faster electric field switching in motors and generators. It has been known that the speed of the can be increased and the control can be better.

However, motors or generators containing amorphous metal magnetic cores are still known to be difficult to manufacture.

Amorphous metals are typically supplied in thin continuous ribbon shapes having a uniform width. However, amorphous metal is a very hard material that is difficult to cut or shape easily, and once annealed to get the best magnetism, it becomes brittle.

Therefore, the conventional method for producing a magnetic core using such an amorphous metal is not only difficult but also expensive.

Such conventional methods typically include a laminating step from the core material sheet into each core layer having a desired shape and joining the layers into the desired magnetic core form. The brittleness of amorphous metals also raises concerns about the durability of motors or generators using amorphous metal magnetic cores. Magnetic cores are subjected to very high magnetic forces that convert at very high frequencies, which impose significant stresses on the core material, which damages the amorphous metal magnetic core.

Another problem with amorphous metal magnetic cores is that the magnetic permeability of amorphous metal materials is reduced when subjected to physical stress. This decrease in permeability can be significant, depending on the magnitude of the stress on the amorphous metal material.

As the amorphous metal magnetic core is stressed, the efficiency of directing or concentrating the magnetic flux is reduced, resulting in large magnetic losses, lower efficiency, increased heat generation, and reduced output. This phenomenon is called magnetostriction, which is caused by magnetic forces generated during operation of a motor or generator, mechanical stresses resulting from mechanical fastening or other magnetic cores in place, or magnetic saturation of amorphous metals. It may be caused by internal stresses caused by expansion and / or thermal expansion.

Conventional magnetic cores are made by joining (laminating) successive layers of core material together to form the entire core.

However, as mentioned earlier, amorphous metals are difficult to cut or form, so in the past such amorphous metal cores rolled amorphous metal ribbons so that each successive layer was formed using an adhesive such as epoxy. It was formed of a coil bonded to (laminated) to. When used as an electric motor or generator, this joint structure limits the thermal and magnetic saturation expansion of the coil of amorphous metal material, resulting in increased internal stress. These stresses cause magnetic distortions that reduce the efficiency of the motor or generator as described above.

This structure also has an adhesive layer between each coil of the core. Since amorphous metal materials are typically provided in very thin ribbons, for example just a few mils thick, the adhesive occupies much of the core volume.

Since this adhesive volume reduces the overall density of amorphous metal material in the laminated core, it undesirably reduces the flux focusing efficiency of the core over a given volume of total core material.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method and arrangement for minimizing coherence on an amorphous metal magnetic core in an electric motor, a generator, or a regenerative motor. This method and arrangement obviates the need to laminate multiple amorphous layers, thereby reducing the internal stress on the material and increasing the density of the amorphous material in the entire core.

In addition, in order to take advantage of the fast switching capability of amorphous metal magnetic core materials, the present invention utilizes a combination of a plurality of different activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency, torque and output of the device. It provides a control method and arrangement that can variably control the activation and deactivation of the electromagnet of the electric motor, generator, or regenerative motor device.

As described below, an apparatus such as an electric motor, a generator, or a regenerative electric motor is disclosed.

The apparatus includes a rotor arrangement, at least one stator arrangement and a device housing for supporting the rotor arrangement and the stator arrangement in a defined position relative to each other.

The device housing also supports a rotor arrangement for rotating along a defined rotation path around a given rotor axis.

The stator array has at least one energizing electromagnet assembly comprising an entire amorphous metal magnetic core and an electric coil array, wherein the entire amorphous metal magnetic core and the coil array together comprise at least one magnetic pole piece. ).

The entire amorphous metal magnetic core is made of a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces.

The stator array also includes a dielectric electromagnet housing that supports the electromagnet assembly such that the magnetic pole pieces are positioned around the rotation passage of the rotor array.

The dielectric electromagnet housing has a core piece opening formed in the electromagnet housing for supporting the individually formed amorphous metal core pieces in a position adjacent to each other to form an entire amorphous metal magnetic core.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotor arrangement has at least one rotor magnet with N and S poles, and the rotor arrangement is such that at least one pole is accessible along a defined rotation path around a given rotor axis. It has an arrangement for supporting the rotor magnet to rotate about a given axis of rotation. In a preferred embodiment, the rotor magnet is a super magnet.

In some embodiments, the individually formed amorphous metal core pieces are amorphous metal windings formed from an amorphous metal in the form of a continuous ribbon.

Preferably, the amorphous metal in the form of a continuous ribbon preferably has a substantially constant ribbon width. The individually formed amorphous metal core piece may have a cross section of various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, an egg shape, an annular ring, a triangle having a round corner, and a trapezoid having a round corner. Optionally, the individually formed amorphous metal core piece may be formed from each amorphous metal strip disposed in the associated core piece opening of the core piece housing. Further, in some embodiments, any voids in the core piece opening of the electromagnet housing carrying the amorphous metal core piece are filled with dielectric oil. In addition, the amorphous metal core piece may be oil immersed.

In some embodiments, the stator arrangement comprises a plurality of electromagnet assemblies, each of which has a plurality of pole pieces. Each of the pole pieces is an individually formed amorphous metal core piece. Moreover, at least one of the individually formed amorphous metal core pieces is an annular ring forming an electromagnetic yoke that magnetically couples the pole pieces to each other.

The annular ring electromagnetic yoke comprises an annular or other such continuous surface formed by one continuous edge of the continuous amorphous metal ribbon after the amorphous metal ribbon has wound itself.

Each of the magnetic pole pieces of the electromagnet assembly has a first end (made by one continuous edge of the ribbon) located around a predetermined rotational path of the rotor magnet and a second end (near the annular surface of the annular electromagnetic yoke) Consisting of consecutive edges).

In another embodiment, the electromagnet of the stator array comprises a totally U-shaped total amorphous metal magnetic core having two pole pieces. Each of the two pole pieces is an individually formed amorphous metal core piece. The separately formed amorphous metal core pieces form electromagnetic yokes that magnetically couple the two pole pieces to each other such that the core pieces together form a U-shaped whole core.

In another embodiment, the arrangement for supporting the rotor magnets supports the rotor magnets such that both the N and S poles of the rotor magnets are accessible along different predetermined rotation paths around a given rotor axis.

The electromagnet of the stator array comprises a totally C-shaped, totally amorphous metal magnetic core, with two pole pieces each having two pole pieces positioned adjacent to a corresponding one of the defined rotation paths of the N and S poles of the rotor magnet. .

The entire magnetic core of the electromagnet assembly is a C-shaped total amorphous metal magnetic core, which generally comprises two pole pieces such that each of the pole pieces is positioned adjacent to a corresponding one of the different predetermined paths of rotation.

Each of the two pole pieces is an individually formed amorphous metal core piece. The additionally formed amorphous metal core pieces form electromagnetic yokes that magnetically couple the two pole pieces to each other such that the core pieces together form a C-shaped whole core.

The present invention also includes a method for producing an amorphous metal magnetic core for an electromagnet of a device such as an electric motor, a generator, or a regenerative electric motor.

The method includes forming a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces, each having a desired core piece shape. A dielectric magnetic core housing is provided that includes a magnetic core piece that forms the desired all magnetic core shape.

The plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces are assembled into the core piece openings of the dielectric magnetic core housing so that the dielectric core housings support core pieces adjacent to each other to form a desired total magnetic core shape.

In a preferred method, each core piece is wound into a final shape from a continuous amorphous metal ribbon.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method and arrangement for controlling the rotational speed and input / output power and torque of an apparatus such as an electric motor, a generator, or a regenerative electric motor are disclosed.

The apparatus includes a rotor supported to be rotated along a defined rotor path about a given rotor axis. Preferably, the rotor has at least one supermanent super magnet. The apparatus also includes a stator with an amorphous metal magnetic core having a dynamically actuated and non-operable electromagnetic assembly (also referred to herein only as 'electromagnet'). The electromagnet moves a specific cycle (rotor point) from a given point (stator point) near one electromagnet to a given point (stator point) next to the next electromagnet. They are separated from each other in the vicinity of the rotor passages defined to achieve.

The position detector arrangement measures the position and rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator at a given time in one work cycle and produces a corresponding signal. The controller responsive to the signal may, for each work cycle, set a device control setting that allows the controller to control a combination of a plurality of activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency and input / output power and torque of the device. It is used to control the activation and deactivation of the electromagnet of the stator.

In a preferred embodiment, the activation and deactivation parameters are

(Iii) the time of activation of the work cycle, which is the duration of the continuous time for which the electromagnet of the stator is activated (with one polarity or another) for each work cycle.

(Ii) the start / end point of the work cycle activation time, which is the time at which the work cycle activation time starts and ends during the work cycle with respect to the rotational position of the rotor as it moves from the stator point to the next adjacent stator point And

(Iii) otherwise, adjustment of the work cycle activation time, which is the pulse width adjustment of the electromagnet by activating and deactivating the electromagnet during the continuous work cycle activation time,

It includes.

In a next embodiment, the position detector arrangement includes an encoder disc supported for rotation with the rotor and also includes an array of optical sensors arranged proximate to the encoder disc.

The encoder disc has a plurality of concentric tracks that are spaced apart from each other in a position representing an opening that is substantially a through hole in the disc.

Each of the optical sensors corresponds to one of the concentric tracks and is optically arranged such that each sensor detects the presence of a position representing an opening forming the associated concentric track so as to detect the position of the rotor relative to the stator. can do. Preferably, these openings are sized and positioned such that each track takes one bit of the entire digital byte and represents one digital byte of rotor position information.

As such, it is possible to precisely measure the position of the rotor during startup of the motor / generator device.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the controller adds a counter array that can count time increments that can be divided into a plurality of times each operation cycle is used to control when the controller activates and deactivates the electromagnet. It includes.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method and arrangement for regulating the electrical output of a generator driven by an input drive is disclosed.

The generator comprises a stator assembly and a rotor assembly having at least one stator coil capable of dynamic activation and deactivation.

The position detector arrangement measures the position and rotation speed of the rotor assembly relative to the stator assembly at a given time and generates a corresponding signal.

In response to the signal, the controller variably controls the activation and deactivation of the stator coils so that the electrical output of the generator is adjusted to the desired electrical output without the use of additional power regulation mechanisms.

In one embodiment, the input drive is a wind mill. The controller can also use some of the power generated by the generator to drive a generator such as an electric motor.

The generator can be driven as an electric motor in a manner that reduces the amount of resistance placed on the input drive device or in a manner that increases the amount of resistance placed on the input drive device.

EXAMPLE

1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a device 10 designed according to the present invention.

Device 10 is referred to herein as an electric motor or a generator, but the device may be in the form of a motor, generator, alternator or regenerative motor, depending on the application in which the device is used.

The term regenerative motor refers to a device that can be operated as either an electric motor or a generator. Also in most cases device 10 will be described as a DC brushless motor, but it can be various other types of motors and / or generators, which is also within the scope of the present invention.

These other types of motors and / or synchronous generators / generators include, but are not limited to, DC synchronizers, variable reluctance or switching reluctance devices, and inductive motors.

As shown in FIG. 1, the device 10 includes an axis 14, a rotor arrangement 16, a stator arrangement 18 and a device housing 20.

The device housing 20 supports the shaft 14 and rotates in the longitudinal direction of the shaft using a bearing 22 or other suitable and easily provided arrangement. The rotor arrangement 16 is fixed to the shaft 14 so as to rotate with the shaft in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft 14. The stator array 18 is supported by the device housing 20 and positioned around the rotation passage of the rotor array.

With reference to FIG. 2, which is a plan view of the preferred embodiment of the rotor arrangement 16, the rotor arrangement 16 will be described in detail.

In this embodiment, the rotor arrangement 16 comprises six radially spaced superpermanent magnets 24a-f (eg cobalt rare earth magnets), each having opposite ends forming the N and S poles. .

Magnets 24a-f are supported for rotation about axis 14 by rotor disk 26 or other suitable arrangement such that the magnetic poles of magnets 24a-f are accessible around the axis of rotation and along two defined paths of rotation around the rotor array. do. They are arranged relative to each other such that the north and south poles of the magnets alternate as shown in FIG. 2 on each side of the rotor disk.

In this embodiment, the magnets 24a-f are described as super permanent magnets, but they are not essential and may be other magnetic materials or electromagnets.

It is also described that the rotor arrangement is a disk or axial rotor, but this is not essential, but instead the rotor is a barrel-shaped or radial-type rotor in which the magnet is located at the barrel or radial periphery of the radial rotor. It can be a special type of special arrangement such as the former.

In this embodiment, the rotor is described as including six magnets, but the number of magnets is variable, which is also within the scope of the present invention.

The rotor arrangement also includes a magnet, but this is not essential. For example, for an induction motor, rotor arrangement 16 would not include magnets 24a-f. Instead, one of ordinary skill in the art would be able to build rotor disk 26 with other magnetic materials to form a magnetic rotor core driven by a rotor magnetic field created by switching of iron-based materials or other stator arrays.

As shown in FIG. 1, stator arrangement 18 comprises two stator housings 28a and 28b, which stator housings are located around the adjacent mass face of rotor arrangement 16.

Since the stator housings 28a and 28b are symmetrical to each other, only the stator housing 28a will be described in detail below.

The stator housing 28a is formed of a dielectric material, for example high strength composite or plastic material. Any suitable material can be used to form the stator housing as long as it is a dielectric and can adequately support all of the related components making up the stator array 18.

According to the present invention, the stator housing 28a has a plurality of openings including a coil opening 32 and a core piece opening 30 formed in the housing for supporting the dynamic activating and deactivating electromagnet assembly 34.

The electromagnet assembly 34 comprises a total amorphous metal magnetic core 36 and a coil array 38.

The coil array 38 is supported in the coil opening 32.

Further, according to the present invention, the entire amorphous metal core 36 is composed of a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces 36a-g, some of which form the magnetic pole pieces as shown in Fig. 3A.

The stator housing 28a supports the electromagnet assembly 34 such that the pole piece of the electromagnet assembly is held adjacent to one of the defined rotational paths of the magnetic poles of the magnets 24a-f on the rotor arrangement 16 as shown in FIG.

FIG. 3A illustrates a particular arrangement of the entire amorphous metal core 36 for the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Each of the individual core pieces 36a-g is formed by winding a continuous amorphous metal ribbon into a desired shape.

In the case of the core pieces 36a-f, the shape is generally cylindrical, and the opposing continuous edges of each of these core pieces form opposite ends 37a and 37b of the core piece. However, in the case of the core piece 36g, the core piece shape is an annular ring having an annular surface 40 defined by one continuous edge of the continuous amorphous metal ribbon wound to form the annular ring core piece 36g. In this embodiment, in any case, the continuous amorphous metal ribbon is not cut, etched or machined other than initially cutting the continuous amorphous metal to the length necessary to achieve the desired core piece shape. Each of the cylindrical core pieces 36a-f forms a pole piece of the entire core 36, with one end 37a of each cylindrical core piece facing the annular surface 40 of the annular ring-shaped core piece 36g and the other end 37b protruding from the annular surface 40. The annular ring core piece 36g serves as a magnetic yoke that prevents leakage of magnetic flux and magnetically couples each of the cylindrical core pieces 36a-f.

FIG. 3B illustrates a stator housing 28a that is away from, but designed to include, the core 36 of FIG. 3A.

In particular, note the various core piece openings 30 and the coil openings 32.

The stator housing 28a also includes a refrigerant opening 39 and a wire tube opening 41. The refrigerant opening 39 is used, and the refrigerant fluid is circulated through the stator housing 28a to prevent excessive heat from being generated in the stator housing 28a, the coil array 38 and the core 36.

The coolant opening can be formed at a suitable location in the stator housing for cooling the device. Wire tube opening 41 allows wires to interconnect the coil array 38 to pass. Although FIG. 3B illustrates one particular arrangement of stator housings designed to surround the core piece illustrated in FIG. 3A, the stator housing may be modified in various ways depending on the particular core design.

As shown in Figs. 1, 3A and 3B, the individually formed core pieces 36a-g are supported in the core piece opening 30 of the stator housing 28a so as to remain in a position relative to each other.

Since the core piece openings 30 are formed in the stator housing 28a so as to have a suitable shape for supporting each of the various individually formed core pieces 36a-f, the core pieces 36a-f are wound with an amorphous metal ribbon material without laminating the odor layer. Can be formed.

This causes each of the individually formed core pieces to thermally expand and / or expand due to magnetic saturation so that the windings are slightly unwound without generating internal stress in the entire core or in any of the individually formed core pieces.

This arrangement essentially reduces the problems caused by magnetism in the prior art. This arrangement also eliminates the need to laminate the core pieces, thus eliminating the need for the volume of space in the entire core to which the laminating material is adapted.

Because of this, a larger amount of amorphous metal material can be placed in a given volume, improving the efficiency with which the magnetic core can focus the magnetic flux.

At the same time, each stator housing keeps the pole pieces 36a-f in direct contact with the yoke 36g, thereby allowing the entire core to be accessed as one integrally formed core from a functional standpoint.

The stator housing 28a can also completely wrap the entire amorphous metal core 36 to create a hermetically enclosed enclosure to prevent the core piece from corroding.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the voids in the core piece opening 30 that are not filled with the core pieces 36a-g are filled with dielectric oil 42 and the core piece opening 30 oil is kept to be maintained in the voids.

This oil filling of the core piece openings helps to prevent damage due to the large and variable magnetic forces associated with the motor on the amorphous metal material.

This oil filling also helps to heat balance the stator arrays and improves the heat dissipation characteristics of the entire device.

In addition, the amorphous metal core pieces 36a-g are oil immersed. This causes the saturation of the amorphous metal core piece to be more easily expanded due to magnetic saturation, and thermal expansion of the amorphous metal material further reduces the stress that can cause magnetic distortion. Although the core piece opening is oil filled and the core piece is oil immersed, this is not necessary. The present invention is the same for an apparatus using a magnetic core made of individually formed amorphous metal magnetic core pieces supported in an opening of a housing to form the entire amorphous metal magnetic core shape regardless of whether the opening is oil filled and the core piece is oil immersed. It can be applied.

Apparatus 10 is a brushless, synchronizer in which the coils making the electromagnetic coil array 38 in the stator housing 28a are electrically connected so that they are activated and deactivated simultaneously.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the coil array 38 comprises six pole piece coils, two of which are illustrated in FIG. 1 as coils 38a and 38d.

Coil array 38 may be epoxy resin bonded or secured to add to the overall structural integrity of the stator array.

Each coil is located around the corresponding one of the core pieces 36a-f, two of which are illustrated in FIG. 1 as core pieces 36a and 36d.

The coil array 38 is wound so that the protruding ends of the pole pieces formed by the magnetic core pieces 36a-f form the alternating N and S poles when the coil array 38 is activated. The annular ring core piece 36g serves as a magnetic yoke for correcting the direction of the magnetic flux related to the end of the core piece 36a-f adjacent to the annular ring core piece 36g to the adjacent opposite polar pole piece.

If the device is an electric motor, the redirection of current through the coil array 38 reverses the electrodes of each pole piece of the electromagnetic assembly 34.

As will be described later, in the case of a generator, switching the way the electromagnets are connected to the load controls the power output and the state of electricity generated by the generator. This arrangement allows controllable interaction with the N and S poles of alternating permanent magnets 24a-f of rotor array 16 by alternating the N and S poles of electromagnetic assembly 34 of stator array 18.

Apparatus 10 also includes a control array 44 that alternates polarity to activate and deactivate coil array 38. Control arrangement 44 includes a controller 46 which may be a suitable and readily available controller that can change polarity to dynamically activate and deactivate the electromagnet assembly 34.

Preferably, the controller 46 is a programmable controller capable of activating and deactivating the electromagnet assembly 34 at a rate much higher than that typically done in conventional electric motors and generators.

Because of the natural speed at which the magnetic field can be switched in the amorphous metal core, in each operating cycle of the device, the stator arrangement of the device 10 causes the controller 46 to generate any number of activation and control functions to control the rotational speed, power and torque output of the device 10. Make a combination of inactivation parameters available. As mentioned earlier, one duty cycle is the movement of a particular part of the rotor from a given stator site adjacent to one electromagnet pole piece of the stator array to a given stator site adjacent to the next subsequent electromagnet pole piece of the stator array. Is defined.

Referring back to FIG. 1, control array 44 also measures position and rotational speed of rotor array 16 relative to stator array 18 at a given time for each cycle of operation and position detector array 48 for generating corresponding signals. It includes.

Detector array 48 includes encoder disk 50 supported on axis 14 for rotation with rotor array 16.

Detector array 48 also includes an array of optical sensors 52 located adjacent to the encoder disk.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, which is a plan view of the encoder disk 50, the encoder disk 50 includes a plurality of concentric tracks 54 having position openings 56 formed therein in each track. In this embodiment, the disc 50 contains six concentric tracks 54a-f. The disc 50 is divided into three fan-shaped sections 58 with a 120 ° angle, each of which is identical to each other.

Each section 58 extends from a given point on the first rotor magnet with specific polarity to the corresponding point on the next subsequent magnet with same polarity (ie, from one S pole to the next S pole to the next S pole). It is associated with the sector section of the electronic array.

The inner track 54a has one long opening 56a extending about half (by 60 °) of the track 54a length in each section 58. In this case, each of these openings corresponds to one duty cycle of the device, with the three openings arranged together every other of the six rotor magnets (ie on each given side of the rotor disk). Three magnets have the same polarity.)

In each section, each continuous track has two openings with half the length of the preceding track.

That is, the track 54b has two openings 56b in each section, the track 54c has four openings 56c, and the outer track has a total of 32 openings, each with a circumferential angle of 1 °.

The optical sensor array 52 includes six optical sensors, each sensor positioned in an optical array corresponding to one of the concentric tracks on the encoder disk 50.

Array 52 is positioned adjacent encoder disk 50 to allow optical sensors to detect the presence of opening 56. Since each of the optical sensors provides one bit of information, the array 52 can provide the controller 46 with a binary language (byte) that identifies the location of the rotor array within 2 degrees.

Using the most significant bit, the sensor associated with track 54a, the controller 46 can determine the position of the alternating N and S poles of the magnet since the opening 56a of track 54a corresponds to every other magnet on the rotor disk as described above. have.

The controller 46 also includes a counter array 49 which can count the increase in time, which means that when the unit is rotating at a fixed maximum speed, a plurality of operating cycles (60 ° angle), for example 1600 times per operating cycle, can be used. Allows dividing by time period or number. This means that for each opening 56f the number corresponds to 100, or in other words, 100 analyzes are provided by the encoder disk.

For example, for a high-speed motor that can operate at 20,000 RPM, it will require a counter array or clock or 3.2 MHz clock that can operate 3.2 million times per second. Although only one specific clock speed has been described, it should be understood that the present invention applies equally regardless of the specific clock speed of the counter arrangement.

The controller 46 is arranged to activate or deactivate the electromagnet assembly 34 at any given coefficient of the counter array 49.

This very precisely controls the activation and deactivation of the electromagnets.

An example of an operating speed of 2000 RPM is given, but it should be understood that this is not an upper limit.

Due to the enormously fast switching capability of the amorphous metal stator array and the precise electromagnet activation and deactivation control provided by the control arrangement, the motor and generator device designed by the present invention can provide ultra-high speed devices of more than 50000 RPM and even 100000 RPM. It is.

The present invention also provides stator arrays and rotor arrangements that can withstand the strong centrifugal forces that can be generated by these ultrafast devices.

In order for the controller 46 to accurately detect the presence of openings in the various tracks in the encoder disk 50, the openings in the various tracks are slightly staggered with respect to each other so that the different optical sensors in the array 52 detect the time of openings for the other tracks at the same time. It is not supposed to display. This encoding arrangement is mainly referred to as gray code, which is intended to prevent errors caused by the controller caused by some inaccuracies in the position indications indicating the openings.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the various components that make up device 10 have been described, but operation of the various modes of the device is described in detail.

Because the amorphous metal magnetic core material can rapidly switch its magnetic field, and because the control arrangement 44 can activate and deactivate the electromagnet assembly 34 at a very precise time, the control arrangement 44 of the present invention is a controller 46 of the device. Several electromagnet assembly activation and deactivation parameters can be used in combination to control speed, efficiency, torque and power. These parameters include, but are not limited to, operation cycle activation time, start / end point of operation cycle activation time, modulation of operation cycle activation time, and the like. These activation and deactivation parameters will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A-C. 5a-c are graphs showing the activation / deactivation state of the electromagnet assembly 34 for two successive operating cycles D ₁ and D ₂ .

The electromagnet assembly is activated while alternating the N and S poles of each pole constituting the electromagnet assembly.

For a given stator pole piece, the operating cycle D ₁ is followed by the rotor assembly from the point where the N pole of one of the rotor magnets is around the given stator pole piece and the top dead center and the given stator pole piece are aligned. It corresponds to the time it takes to rotate until the S pole of the rotor magnet is around the given stator pole piece and the top dead center and the given stator pole piece are aligned.

As indicated by the reference N, the electromagnet assembly is activated during cycle D ₁ such that a given stator pole piece is operated with the north pole. Operation cycle D ₂ is the time when the rotor assembly is aligned with the north pole of the next consecutive rotor magnet at the end of the operation cycle D ₁ where the S pole of the rotor magnet is aligned with the top dead center and the given stator pole piece. Corresponds to the time it takes to rotate until.

As indicated by the reference S, the electromagnet assembly is activated during operation cycle D ₂ such that a given stator pole piece acts as the S pole.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the activation cycle activation time is a continuous time during which the electronic assembly 34 of the stator array is activated during a given activation cycle. The working cycle activation time is shown as T in FIGS. 5A-C.

The start / end point of the activation cycle activation time is the time at which the activation cycle activation time starts (reference 60) and ends (reference 62) during the operation cycle relative to the rotational position of the rotor.

As illustrated in FIG. 5B, the start / end time may be changed while keeping the activation time T constant, or at the same time changing the length of the activation time T.

And the modulation of the activation cycle activation time is the pulse width modulation of the electromagnet assembly 34 during the activation activation time T between the activation activation starts and ends.

As illustrated in FIG. 5C, this modulation is done by activating and deactivating the electromagnet assembly 34 for a time that would otherwise have been the continuous operation cycle activation time T.

The pulse width modulation is shown as the same ON and OFF pulse, but the ON pulse may be a different period than the OFF pulse. Moreover, each pulse set can vary from one another to provide the total activation time required within time T.

According to the present invention, the speed, efficiency and power and torque inputs / outputs of the device 10 are controlled arrays 44 that activate and deactivate the electromagnet assembly 34 using differently specified activation and deactivation parameters in any or some combinations of these parameters. It can be controlled using.

When device 10 is finished, controller 46 uses encoder disk 50 and optical sensor array 52 to determine the relative position of rotor array 16 with respect to stator array 18.

In the case of an electric motor, the controller 46 uses positional information to initiate rotation of the rotor array by activating the electromagnet assembly 34 so that the pole piece 36 has the appropriate polarity to initiate the rotation of the motor in the required direction.

The controller 46 activates and deactivates the electromagnet assembly 34 such that the polarity of each pole piece is reversed for each subsequent operating cycle. Once the motor has rotated at sufficient speed, only the controller 46 measures the speed of rotation of the rotor assembly relative to the stator assembly to measure counter array 49 using the outer track of encoder disc 50.

Controller 46 may subsequently be programmed into controller 46 to control counter array 49 and activation and deactivation of electromagnet assembly 34 or to encoder disk 50 to select and use predetermined device control settings provided to controller 46. The signals generated by the controller 10 are used to control the device 10.

Since the control arrangement 44 can activate or deactivate the electromagnet assembly 34 at any one count of the counter array 49, the control arrangement 44 can use any combination of the activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency, It is possible to control torque and power very precisely.

The precision, speed and resilience of control array 44 allows devices designed according to the present invention to be used in a variety of applications.

In addition, by using super magnets in the rotor assembly and the amorphous metal magnetic core, the device of the present invention can have a very high power density and a very high rotational speed as compared to conventional electric motors and generators. The apparatus of the present invention having these advantages can be used in a field where the conventional apparatus has not been possible or practical.

In a first embodiment, one preferred implementation of the present invention is an electric motor for use in numerically controlled machinery applications where several instruments are driven using the same spindle and chuck.

In the case where the electric motor drives the spindle directly and the motor and spindle are supported to move on the working surface, the spindle and the whole tool need not be designed heavy because of the light weight and high power density of the motor.

In addition, due to the flexibility of the control arrangement of the motor, the motor can be programmed for various specific operations.

For example, the tool may initially be a high speed, relatively low output router, for example rotating at 20,000 RPM. Then, by driving the motor in the opposite direction, the motor and spindle can be stopped very quickly so that another tool can be automatically inserted into the chuck.

If, for example, the next operation is a drilling operation requiring a low speed or greater output, the control arrangement of the motor can be programmed to provide the required speed, efficiency, power and torque output. By using the motor according to the invention, a much wider range of motor speed, power and torque settings is available compared to conventional motors.

In another application illustrated in FIG. 6, device 10 is used as a generator driven by windmill 100.

In this state, the control arrangement 44 is arranged to switch the way the electromagnet assembly 34 is activated and deactivated in order to convert the power generated by the device 10 in accordance with the power input obtained from the windmill. This arrangement allows the generator to operate in a much wider range of operating conditions than when using a conventional generator.

Typically windmill generators are intended to have a defined electrical output. As the wind blows out, the generator cannot run until its wind speed reaches a constant operating speed. Because typical windmills are designed to operate at points near the average wind speed for the area in which they are installed, this means that the windmill cannot generate any power when the wind does not reach the windmill's minimum operating speed.

As the wind is increased to be greater than the designed operating speed, the windmill flutters in the wind and has a breaking mechanism to consume a portion of the wind energy so that the windmill's speed is not excessive. In some cases, the windmill should be down under very large winds to prevent damage to the cutting mechanism or overheating. Thus, under high or very high wind conditions, the windmill generator consumes much or all of the available wind energy to produce only a fixed electrical output.

According to the present invention, the device 10 can be designed to have a larger maximum power output that matches the high wind energy available for the wind mill rather than the average wind energy.

In this situation, control array 44 connects and disconnects electromagnet assembly 34 such that device 10 has a power output substantially lower than its maximum power output when the wind is at its average wind speed.

In fact, at low wind speeds, the device 10 can be used as an electric motor to cause the windmill to start operating. Once rotated at an appropriate speed, device 10 can be operated as a generator with very low power output.

As the wind speed increases above the average wind speed, control array 44 only activates and deactivates the electromagnet assembly 34 so that the power output increases to match the wind energy input.

Under very large wind speeds where the wind energy is greater than the maximum power output of the device 10, the device 10 can be operated for a period of time as an electric motor that drives the windmill in the opposite direction to act as a brake.

This overall arrangement allows the windmill to operate and generate power over a much wider range of wind conditions than with conventional generators.

The power output of the device 10 is controlled by activating and deactivating the electromagnet assembly 34 as described above. Any combination of activation and deactivation parameters can be used to control the power output of the device 10, including the activation cycle activation time, the start / end point of the activation cycle activation time, and the modulation of the activation cycle activation time.

By controlling these activation and deactivation parameters, a wide range of power outputs can be obtained for devices of a given size.

In addition, since the device 10 can be driven in any direction as an electric motor by starting the electromagnetic assembly 34 with an appropriate polarity for any required time during its operation, the device reduces the amount of force required to change the device as a generator. Can be increased or increased. Thus, the device can serve as a generator with a very wide range of power outputs.

When the device 10 is operated as a generator, the elasticity imparted to the control arrangement 44 allows the device 10 to be arranged to regulate the power output of the device 10 without using any more power regulators.

Using the example of the windmill application illustrated in FIG. 6, as described above, control arrangement 44 can activate and deactivate electromagnet assembly 34 to control the power output of device 10.

This control arrangement 44 allows you to control the speed at which the windmill operates.

The control arrangement 44 can also control the activation and deactivation parameters as described above. This allows the control array 44 to be arranged to activate and deactivate the electromagnet array so that the output of the device 10 is adjusted to the required electrical output without using any further electrical power regulators.

This is done by controlling the speed of the device and activating and deactivating the electromagnet assembly at appropriate times to produce a regulated electrical output up to the desired electrical output.

If a pulsed DC output is required, the H bridge controller can switch the AC output of the device to a pulsed DC, as in the case of charging the battery. This is called "active rectification".

As illustrated in Figure 7, another application in which the apparatus of the present invention is suitable is a gas turbine driven generator.

Because of the very high rotational speed of the turbine engine, a typical generator is typically connected to the turbine engine using a reduction gear that essentially reduces the rotational speed driven by the turbine engine. These reduction gear arrangements increase the cost of the entire system and result in energy losses that reduce the overall efficiency. According to the present invention, the generator designed as described above is directly driven by the gas turbine without using a reduction gear or other device for reducing the rotational speed at which the turbine engine drives the generator.

As shown in FIG. 7, the apparatus 10 is directly driven by the turbine engine 200. Apparatus 10 can also be used as a starting motor for the turbine engine.

As described above, the device 10 can operate effectively even at a very high rotational speed because the amorphous metal magnetic core reacts at a very high speed to the change of the magnetic field, and because the switching arrangement of the control array 44 is very fast. have. This allows the device 10 to be driven directly by the turbine engine 200, eliminating the need for the use of reduction gears or other devices that slow down the rotational speed at which the turbine engine drives the device 10.

Such disc- or disc-shaped devices can withstand very high centrifugal forces by providing a compact overall package. Thus, devices of this arrangement can be operated at very high rotational speeds, thus providing very high power output for a given device size.

In one particularly interesting application, the device can be used as an electric motor to directly drive a chiller turbocompressor at a very high rotational speed.

These rotation speeds can be 50,000-100,000 RPM or higher. By operating the turbo compressor at this rotational speed, the efficiency of the compressor is greatly improved.

With conventional electric motors operating at much slower speeds, most or all of the efficiency gains associated with high speed turbo compressors are lost to the mechanical losses associated with the powertrain required to achieve high rotational speeds.

By directly driving the compressor with a high speed motor designed in accordance with the present invention, efficiency losses associated with conventional gear assemblies can be avoided. This makes the entire array inherently more efficient than conventional arrays.

Although the entire amorphous metal magnetic core 36 of the device 10 has been described as having an annular ring shape where the spinous processes protrude from one of the annular surfaces of the ring, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, but is not necessarily so.

Instead, the entire amorphous metal magnetic core can take any desired shape and is within the scope of the present invention as long as it consists of a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces which are supported adjacent to each other by a core housing.

Referring to FIG. 8, the entire amorphous metal core has a U-shape. In one particular embodiment, three separate U-shaped cores 300 may be substituted for the annular arrangement shown in FIG. 3A. Each core 300 consists of three individually formed amorphous metal core pieces 300a-c.

Core pieces 300a and 300b are similar to core pieces 36a-f in FIG. 3A. However, core piece 300c is a core piece having an elongated elliptical cross-sectional shape. In this embodiment, the stator housing will have core piece openings arranged such that each pair of core pieces 300a and 300b is supported adjacent to one of the associated core pieces 300c.

The electromagnet coil array for this embodiment will be similar to that described previously for device 10. In one embodiment, the amorphous metal core pieces 300a-c are coupled to the core piece opening 30 of the stator housing 28a, as shown in FIG. 3B. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the coil opening 32 comprising the coil array 38 is coupled to an amorphous metal core piece.

The only difference between the above-described arrangement and the U-shaped arrangement using the annular ring core piece is that the annular ring arrangement magnetically couples all six pole pieces formed by the core pieces 36a-f, whereas the U-shaped arrangement Is that only the pairs of respective pole pieces formed by the core pieces 300a and 300b are magnetically coupled.

9 illustrates another possible arrangement for providing a magnetic core of the present invention. As noted above, the device 10 of FIG. 1 comprises two stator arrays comprising the entire amorphous metal core 36, one on each side of the rotor array 16.

9 illustrates a wholly C-shaped, totally amorphous metal core 400 comprising five individually formed metal core pieces 400a-e.

Six total amorphous metal cores in which two annular ring all cores 36 of FIG. 1 (each core 36 comprises individually formed core pieces 36a-36f) are located radially around the rotor. 400 may be replaced.

In this embodiment, six core pieces 400a form a pole piece similar to the pole pieces 36a-f on one side of the rotor array. The pole piece 400b forms a corresponding pole piece located on the other side of the rotor array.

For each of the C-shaped total amorphous metal magnetic cores 400, the core pieces 400c-e form a magnetic yoke that magnetically couples their associated core pieces 400a and 400b. Also in this embodiment, the stator housing will be arranged to support all the various core pieces in their respective positions to form six full C-shaped magnetic cores.

As noted above with respect to the U-shaped core 300 of FIG. 8, the only difference between this embodiment and the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that all pole pieces 36a-f on one side of the rotor arrangement are magnetized by the annular ring core piece 36g. Instead of being coupled together, each pair of pole pieces formed by the associated core pieces 400a and 400b on the opposite side of the rotor arrangement is magnetically coupled by the core pieces 400c-e.

10 illustrates another possible arrangement for providing a magnetic core of the present invention. In this case, the device takes the form of a barrel or radial device rather than a disk or axial device.

In this arrangement, the rotor assembly 500 will take the form of a barrel rather than a disc.

In this embodiment, if the device is a DC brushless motor, the rotor assembly 500 would include six rotor magnets 502 attached to the outer circumferential edge of the rotor assembly.

Optionally, if the device is an induction motor, the magnet 502 would not be included and the rotor assembly 500 would be made from a properly formed iron-based or other magnetic core.

The stator arrangement of this barrel embodiment includes only one total amorphous metal core in the form of a totally tubular amorphous metal core 504. The core 504 is made of tube-shaped, individually formed amorphous metal core pieces 504a and six individually formed amorphous metal core pieces or gears 504b-g.

The core piece 504a is formed by rolling a continuous amorphous metal material ribbon of a desired width into a tube shape of a desired diameter.

The core pieces 504b-g can be formed into ellipsoidal ellipses by loading individual amorphous metal strips or by winding continuous amorphous metal ribbons to achieve the desired core piece shape.

In this embodiment, the stator housing 506 has core piece openings arranged such that each core piece 504b-g is held near the inner surface of the core piece 504a. The electromagnet coil array for this embodiment will be similar to that described above for device 10.

The only difference between the above-described arrangement using an annular ring core piece and the barrel or radial arrangement is that for barrel arrangement, the coil is stretched and the core piece or gear 504b-g respectively, extending longitudinally parallel to the axis of the rotor assembly. Is located around.

Although various core pieces have been described above as having specific cross sections, the present invention is not limited to these specific cross-sectional shapes, but instead, as illustrated in FIGS. 11A-F, the individually formed core pieces are circular, ellipse, oval, annular. It may have a ring, a triangle with a rounded corner or a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with a rounded corner, which are denoted by 510, 512, 514, 516, 518 and 520.

The core pieces are described as being wound from a continuous strip of amorphous metal material, but this is not necessarily the case. Optionally, the core pieces may be individually formed to form core pieces of the desired cross-sectional shape, such as rectangular core pieces 522, trapezoidal cross-section core pieces 524, or other specific cross-sectional shapes as illustrated in FIGS. 11G and 11H. It may be formed by loading an amorphous metal strip or metal piece formed into.

As illustrated in these arrangements, the individual strips can be stacked on top of each other, and each metal piece has the same size and shape as shown in FIG. 11G. Optionally, the individual strips may be loaded sideways with different individual metal surfaces having different sizes and shapes as shown in FIG. 11H. A wide variety of shapes can be made according to these various methods.

As is known to those skilled in the art, when an amorphous metal material is produced, it typically has a specific direction in which the magnetic flux is most efficiently directed. In the case of an amorphous metallic ribbon, the direction is typically in the longitudinal direction of the ribbon or across the width of the ribbon.

By using the appropriate approach described above to form the core piece of the entire amorphous metal core, the individual core pieces are enhanced so that the amorphous metal material is arranged to enhance the magnetic flux toward the metal piece according to the direction of the amorphous metal material where the magnetic flux is directed most efficiently. Can be formed.

For example, in the annular ring embodiment of FIG. 3A, the annular ring core piece 36g may be manufactured by winding an amorphous metal ribbon having the most efficient magnetic flux direction arranged along the length of the ribbon. However, each of the pole pieces 36a-f may be manufactured by winding an amorphous metal ribbon having the most efficient magnetic flux direction arranged across the width of the ribbon.

This arrangement aligns the amorphous metal material so that the magnetic flux is directed through the core along the direction of the material that most efficiently directs the magnetic flux.

According to the above, it has been described as a single phase device in which the electromagnets of all stator assemblies are activated simultaneously, but this is not necessarily the case.

As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the device of the present invention may take the form of a multiphase device.

12 illustrates such a multiphase electric motor 600. In this embodiment, three devices 10a-c designed as described above for the device 10 are mounted in a straight line on the common axis.

Each of the devices 10a-c is rotated 20 ° relative to the front device. In other words, the device 10b is rotated 20 ° with respect to the device 10a so that each pole piece of the stator array in the device 10b is fixed at a position 20 ° in front of the corresponding pole piece of the stator array of the device 10a.

The same applies to the device 10c to the device 10b. Since the operating cycles of devices 10a-c can be extended by 60 ° as described above, this arrangement causes these three devices to be out of phase with each other by a fraction of their operating cycles. As such, the three devices 10a-c are those in which each device corresponds to one phase and can be operated as a full three-phase device.

Optionally, as illustrated in FIG. 13, a three-phase device may be provided by constructing a device comprising a stator array having an electromagnet assembly 700 made of individually formed core pieces and three separately controllable coil arrays.

In this embodiment, the rotor assembly (not shown in FIG. 13) will have six rotor magnets as in the case of device 10 of FIG. 1. Likewise, the device comprises two stator arrays, one positioned on each side of the rotor arrangement as in the case of device 10 of FIG. However, as shown in FIG. 13, which is a plan view of the electromagnet assembly 700, the electromagnet assembly includes a total amorphous metal core 702 made of 19 individually formed amorphous metal core pieces 702a-s. The core piece 702a, which is the first core piece of the 19 core pieces, is an annular ring core piece similar to the core piece 36g shown in FIG.

The eighteen core pieces 702b-s are individually wound core pieces whose one end is located near the annular ring core piece 702a, thereby forming eighteen protrusions. The electromagnet assembly 700 also includes three separately controllable coil arrays 704a-c. Each of these separately controllable coil arrays is similar to the coil array 38 of FIG. 1, each array comprising a coil wound around the third of the core pieces 702b-s. In this arrangement, each coil array corresponds to one of the phases of the three phase apparatus.

Although the device has been described as a three phase device, it is to be understood that this device may optionally be provided as a two phase device.

In this case, the entire amorphous metal core 702 includes 13 core pieces instead of 19, 12 of which are pole pieces and one core piece will serve as a magnetic yoke as described above. This two-phase device will also include only two individually controllable coil arrays.

Moreover, the multiphase device is not limited to the annular ring core arrays described above, but instead the core arrays can take various arrangements, which is also within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the above embodiments have been described with respect to various components having specific respective arrangements, but the present invention may take a wide variety of arrangements in which various components are arranged at various positions, and this is also within the scope of the present invention.

For example, although each stator array of device 10 has been described as containing six pole pieces and the rotor comprising six magnets, this is not required. Instead, the stator array can have any number of pole pieces, and the rotor can contain any number of magnets.

In addition, the present invention may equally apply to various electric motors and generators as long as the stator arrangement of the device comprises an entire amorphous metal core made of individually formed core pieces supported in place by the dielectric housing. .

Examples of these various generators and motors include DC brushless motors and generators, DC synchronous, variable or switched reluctance, inductive and many other types of generators and motors. Accordingly, the present examples should not be construed as limiting in any way by merely illustrating the invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, the position of the rotor can be precisely measured during the start-up of the motor / generator device, and a larger amount of amorphous metal material can be placed in a given volume so that the magnetic core can reduce the magnetic flux. The efficiency of focusing can be improved. In addition, the stator housing can completely cover the entire amorphous metal core, forming a sealed enclosure to prevent corrosion of the core pieces, thermal equilibration of the stator array through oil filling, and improved heat dissipation characteristics of the entire device. Can be good. In addition, efficiency losses associated with conventional gear assemblies can be avoided, resulting in a more efficient arrangement than conventional ones.

Claims (13)

In the control arrangement for controlling the rotational speed, efficiency, torque and power of the device selected from the group consisting of electric motor, generator and regenerative electric motor, The apparatus includes a rotor supported to be rotated along a predetermined rotor passage around a given rotor axis, and a stator having a plurality of dynamically activated and deactivated electromagnets comprising an amorphous metal magnetic core, The electromagnets are separated from each other in the vicinity of the rotor passageway where the movement of the rotor of the feature point from a given point near one electromagnet to a given point near the next electromagnet constitutes a duty cycle. , The control arrangement, a) a position detector arrangement for determining the position and rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator at a given time in any operating cycle and generating a corresponding signal; And b) control any combination of multiple activation and deactivation parameters for each operating cycle to control the speed, efficiency, torque and power of the device, A controller for controlling activation and deactivation of the stator electromagnet in response to the signal using a predetermined device control set point; Control arrangement, characterized in that it comprises a. The method of claim 1, wherein the activation and deactivation parameters (Iii) an operating cycle activation time which is a continuous time during which the electromagnet of the stator is activated during each operating cycle; (Ii) a start / end point of an operating cycle activation time which is a time at which the operating cycle activation time is started and ended during an operating cycle with respect to the rotational position of the rotor; And (Iii) modulation of the operating cycle activation time which otherwise modulates the pulse width of the electromagnet by activating and deactivating the electromagnet for a time that would otherwise have been a continuous operating cycle activation time; Control arrangement, characterized in that it comprises a. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the position detector array includes an encoder disk supported to rotate with the rotor, and also includes an array of optical sensors arranged in close proximity to the encoder disk, wherein the encoder disk is formed within each track. Has a plurality of concentric tracks with spaced place openings, Each of the optical sensors corresponds to an associated one of its concentric tracks, the optical sensor being capable of detecting the presence of a locating opening formed in the associated concentric track so that the sensor can detect the position of the rotor relative to the stator. Control arrangement characterized in that it is located near its associated concentric track. The method of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to determine a speed at which the encoder disk of the position detector array detects a change in the position of the rotor with respect to the stator to measure the rotational speed of the rotor with respect to the stator when the rotor is rotating. Control arrangement comprising means for use. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a counter array capable of counting the increase in time that allows each operating cycle to be divided into several time intervals used to control when the electromagnet is activated and deactivated. Control array. The control arrangement of claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises at least one permanent super magnet. In the method for controlling the rotational speed, efficiency, torque and power of a device selected from the group consisting of an electric motor, a generator and a regenerative electric motor, The apparatus includes a rotor supported to be rotated along a predetermined rotor passage around a given rotor axis, and a stator having a plurality of dynamically activated and deactivated electromagnets comprising an amorphous metal magnetic core, The electromagnets are separated from each other in the vicinity of the rotor passageway where the movement of the rotor of the feature point from a given point near one electromagnet to a given point near the next electromagnet constitutes a duty cycle. , The method for controlling the rotation speed, efficiency, torque and power, a) determining the position and rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator at a given point in the operating cycle and generating a corresponding signal; And b) using the signal, a defined device control setpoint so that the controller can control any combination of a plurality of activation and deactivation parameters to control the speed, efficiency, torque and power of the device for each operating cycle. Controlling the activation and deactivation of the stator electromagnet using and selecting; Control method characterized in that it comprises a. The method of claim 7, wherein the activation and deactivation parameters (Iii) an operating cycle activation time, which is a continuous time during which the electromagnet of the stator is activated during each operating cycle, (Ii) the start / end point of the operating cycle activation time which is the time at which the operating cycle activation time is started and ended during the operating cycle for the rotational position of the rotor, and (Iii) modulation of the operating cycle activation time which otherwise modulates the pulse width of the electromagnet by activating and deactivating the electromagnet during the time otherwise it was a continuous operating cycle activation time; Control method characterized in that it comprises a. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the positioning of the rotor comprises using an encoder disk supported to be rotated with the rotor and an array of optical sensors arranged in close proximity to the encoder disk to detect the position of the rotor. Control method characterized in that. 10. The rotor of claim 9, wherein the encoder disk has a plurality of concentric tracks having position indication openings formed in each track, and each of the optical sensors is located near one of the associated ones of the concentric tracks such that the optical sensor is a rotor relative to the stator. And detecting the presence of a position indication opening formed in the associated concentric track so as to detect the position of the position of the position of the position. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling activation and deactivation of the electromagnet comprises determining a speed at which the encoder disk detects a change in position of the rotor relative to the stator to measure the rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator when the rotor is rotating. Control method comprising the step of using. The method of claim 11, wherein the activation and deactivation control of the electromagnet is (Iii) the rotational speed of the rotor (Ii) counter arrays capable of counting time increments, allowing each operating cycle to be divided into multiple time units to control when electromagnets are activated and deactivated, Control method comprising the step of using a combination of. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the rotor is at least one permanent super magnet.

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