KR100620876B1 - Liquid crystal display apparatus having wide transparent electrode and stripe electrodes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, in which the liquid crystal is disposed between a pair of substrates. In addition, one of the pair of substrates has a plurality of stripe electrodes extending parallel to each other, and the other substrate has a transparent electrode almost covering its entire surface. Since an oblique electric field is formed between the stripe electrode and the transparent electrode, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in accordance with the oblique electric field. In addition, a dielectric layer is disposed between the transparent electrode and the alignment layer.

Liquid crystal display, stripe electrode, transparent electrode, oblique electric field

Description

Liquid crystal display device having a wide transparent electrode and a stripe electrode {LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY APPARATUS HAVING WIDE TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE AND STRIPE ELECTRODES}

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device to which a voltage is not applied according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 1 to which a voltage is applied. FIG.

3 shows an active matrix portion formed in one substrate.

4 is a view showing a relationship between an absorption axis of the polarizer shown in FIG. 1;

5A is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to a comparative example.

FIG. 5B illustrates the liquid crystal display of FIG. 5A to which a voltage is applied.

Fig. 5C is a view showing a white display image of the liquid crystal display shown in Fig. 5B.

6 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device to which a voltage is not applied according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 6 to which a voltage is applied. FIG.

8 shows a liquid crystal display without a dielectric layer having an electric field formed therein.

9 shows a liquid crystal display device having a dielectric layer in which an electric field is formed.

FIG. 10A illustrates an example of a liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 6 except that no dielectric member is included. FIG.

FIG. 10B is a diagram showing an example of display of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 10A;

Fig. 11A is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal display device in which a substrate having a transparent electrode is reversely arranged without a dielectric member.

FIG. 11B is a diagram showing an example of display of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 11A;

12A is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG.

FIG. 12B is a diagram showing an example of display of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 12A;

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the transmittance when a voltage of 6 V is applied to a liquid crystal display without a dielectric layer and a transparent electrode.

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the transmittance when a voltage of 10 V is applied to a liquid crystal display without a dielectric layer and a transparent electrode.

Fig. 15 shows the transmittance when a voltage of 6 V is applied to a liquid crystal display device having a dielectric layer and a transparent electrode.

Fig. 16 shows the transmittance when a voltage of 10 V is applied to a liquid crystal display device having a dielectric layer and a transparent electrode.

Figure 17 shows the relationship between the thickness of the dielectric layer and the transmittance.

18 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display showing an example of a dielectric layer.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device showing another example of the dielectric layer.

20 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device showing still another example of the dielectric layer.

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device showing still another example of the dielectric layer.

Fig. 22 shows an example of the first and second group of stripe electrodes and active matrix formed in one substrate;

Fig. 23 is a diagram showing another example of the first and second group of stripe electrodes and the active matrix formed in one substrate;

FIG. 24 is a simplified diagram showing the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG.

FIG. 25 shows a liquid crystal display device in which a phase plate is added to the configuration of FIG. 24; FIG.

Fig. 26 is a sectional view showing an example of a representative polarizing film.

FIG. 27 is a view showing the shape of a liquid crystal display device using the polarizing film of FIG.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing visual characteristics of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 24; FIG.

FIG. 29 shows visual characteristics of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 25;

30 shows a constant visual curve with contrast of 10 on the R _XZ -R _YZ coordinates.

Fig. 31 is a diagram showing a relationship between R _LC and R _t ;

32 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

33 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32.

34 is a sectional view showing a comparative example of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

FIG. 35 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32 to which a voltage is applied;

36A to 36C show voltage changes when a DC voltage of 1V is applied to the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups of the liquid crystal display shown in FIGS. 32 to 34. FIG.

37A to 37F are diagrams showing the voltage change when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹⁰ μm.

38A to 38F are diagrams showing the voltage change when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹² mA.

39A to 39F are graphs showing the voltage change when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹⁴ mA.

40A to 40D are diagrams showing the voltage change when the volume resistance of the insulating layer changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹⁰ μm.

41A to 41D are diagrams showing the voltage change when the volume resistance of the insulating layer changes when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal and the alignment layer of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹¹ mA.

42A to 42C show changes in voltage when the thickness of the insulating layer portion on the first stripe electrode is changed when the volume resistance of the insulating layer of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 32 is 10 ¹⁴ mA.

Fig. 43 is a view showing the voltage change when the thickness of the insulating layer portion on the second stripe electrode is 0.4 mu m when the volume resistance of the insulating layer of the liquid crystal display of Fig. 33 is 10 ¹⁴占 m.

44 is a diagram showing an example of a voltage applied to a liquid crystal display.

45 is a plan view showing an example of a liquid crystal display device having pixels including first and second group of striped electrodes arranged in a predetermined pattern.

FIG. 46A is a diagram showing a screen of the liquid crystal display device having the first and second stripe electrodes of FIG. 45; FIG.

Fig. 46B is a diagram showing image sticking of a screen.

FIG. 47 is a plan view illustrating a liquid crystal display having pixels including first and second stripe electrodes arranged in a predetermined pattern according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention for solving the problem described with reference to FIGS. 45 and 46. .

48 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 47;

49 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 47;

50 is a plan view illustrating an example of one pixel of the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 47 to 49.

FIG. 51 is a plan view showing the first stripe electrode of FIG.

FIG. 52 is a plan view showing the second stripe electrode of FIG.

Fig. 53 is a plan view showing an example of first and second stripe electrodes and first and second connection electrodes.

54 is a plan view showing a modification of the first and second stripe electrodes and the first and second connection electrodes;

55A shows a comparative example of the embodiment of FIG. 56;

Fig. 55B is a sectional view taken along the line 55B-55B in Fig. 55A.

Fig. 56A is a view showing a portion of a liquid crystal display according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 56B is a sectional view taken along the line 56B- 56B in Fig. 56A.

FIG. 57 shows the structure of FIG. 55A and the transmittance of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 56A; FIG.

Fig. 58 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display having first and second stripe electrodes and first and second connection electrodes based on the principle of Fig. 56;

59 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 58;

Fig. 60 is a view showing an example of first and second stripe electrodes including a driving correction electrode portion intersecting at acute angle with the first and second connection electrodes.

Fig. 61 is a view showing an example of the driving correction electrode portion extending from the first stripe electrode.

FIG. 62 is a cross sectional view taken along line 62-62 of FIG. 61;

FIG. 63 is a cross sectional view taken along line 63-63 of FIG. 60;

Fig. 64 shows an example of the drive correction electrode portion extending from the first stripe electrode having the concave second connection electrode.

Fig. 65 shows a modification of the drive correction electrode portion extending from the first stripe electrode having the concave second connection electrode.

Fig. 66 is a view showing a modification of the drive correction electrode portion extending from the second stripe electrode having the concave first connection electrode.

Fig. 67 is a view showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the first stripe electrode crosses the second connection electrode at an acute angle and the first stripe electrode does not protrude sideways from the second connection electrode.

Fig. 68 is a view showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the first stripe electrode crosses the second connection electrode at an acute angle and the first stripe electrode protrudes laterally from the second connection electrode.

Fig. 69 is a view showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the second stripe electrode crosses the first connection electrode at an acute angle and the second stripe electrode does not protrude laterally from the first connection electrode.

Fig. 70 is a view showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display when the stripe electrodes of the second group intersect the first connection electrodes at an acute angle and the stripe electrodes of the second group do not protrude sideways from the first connection electrodes.

Fig. 71 is a view showing the amount of protrusion of the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups from the first and second connection electrodes.

FIG. 72 is a sectional view showing a reference example of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 73;

73 is a sectional view showing the liquid crystal display according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

74 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 73;

75 is a view showing the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 72;

FIG. 76 is a view showing the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 73;

FIG. 77 is a view showing the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 74;

FIG. 78 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the stripe electrodes of the second group in FIG. 73;

FIG. 79 is a sectional view showing a reference example of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80;

80 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is a view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80;

82 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80;

83 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80;

84 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80;

FIG. 85 is a schematic diagram showing a liquid crystal display device illustrating a problem of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 86;

86 is a sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 is a plan view showing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 86;

88 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 89 is a sectional view taken along line 89-89 of FIG. 88;

90 is a view showing conductive members of upper and lower layers of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88;

FIG. 91A is a view showing a driving method of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88;

FIG. 91B is a diagram showing the voltage applied to the gate bus line of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

92 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88;

FIG. 93 is a view showing conductive members of upper and lower layers of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 92;

FIG. 94 is a view showing a driving method of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 82;

95 is a diagram showing a modification of the driving method of the liquid crystal display device.

96 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 97 shows the pattern of the conductive layer of the lower glass substrate of FIG. 96;

FIG. 98 is a cross sectional view taken along line 98-98 of FIG. 96;

FIG. 99 is a view for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88;

FIG. 100 shows measurement results of light leakage amounts by the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88, the conventional liquid crystal display having a black matrix formed of a metal film, and the conventional liquid crystal display having a black matrix formed of a resin film.

101 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 102 shows the pattern of the conductive layer of the lower glass substrate of FIG.

FIG. 103 is a sectional view taken along line 103-103 of FIG. 101;

104 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 105 is a sectional view taken along line 105-105 of FIG. 104;

106 is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for measuring the voltage retention of an alignment layer.

107 is a schematic diagram for explaining occurrence of crosstalk;

FIG. 108 is a sectional view of FIG. 107;

Fig. 109 is a plan view showing an example of a display pattern causing remarkable image sticking of a screen;

110 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 111 is a sectional view taken along line 111-111 of FIG. 110;

FIG. 112 is a view explaining an operation of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110;

FIG. 113 is a view showing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110 to which a voltage is applied.

FIG. 114 is a diagram showing a result of determining by a calculation the relationship between the chiral pitch of a liquid crystal and the front luminance; FIG.

115A to 115C show the results of investigating the voltage-transmittance characteristics when d / p changes.

116A to 116C show the results of investigating the voltage-transmittance characteristics when d / p changes.

117A to 117C show the results of examining the voltage-transmittance characteristics when d / p changes.

118 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110;

FIG. 119 is a view for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

FIG. 120 shows the liquid crystal display of FIG. 119 to which a voltage is applied.

121 is a model view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110;

FIG. 122 is a model diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110;

FIG. 123 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 122 to which a voltage is applied.

124 is a schematic plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 125 shows an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

FIG. 126 is a sectional view taken along line 126-126 of FIG. 124;

127 is a view for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

128 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

FIG. 129 is a sectional view taken along the line 129-129 of FIG. 128;

130 is a detailed plan view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 128;

FIG. 131 is a view showing an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 128;

132a to 132e illustrate a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

133A to 133C show a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display after the process of FIG. 132E;

134A to 134E illustrate a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 128;

FIG. 135 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

136 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

137 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

138 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

139 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

140 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

FIG. 141 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124.

142 is a plan view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 141;

FIG. 143 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

144 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124;

145 is a plan view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 144;

FIG. 146 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG.

FIG. 147 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG.

148A is a view of a portion of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 146 near the dielectric layer surface.

FIG. 148B illustrates the liquid crystal display of FIG. 148A to which a voltage is applied.

FIG. 149A shows a portion of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 150 near the surface of the dielectric layer.
FIG. 149B illustrates the liquid crystal display of FIG. 149A to which a voltage is applied.

150 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 151 is a view showing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 150 to which a voltage is applied.

FIG. 152 is a view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 150;

FIG. 153 is a view showing a liquid crystal display device for explaining that the alignment of liquid crystal is disturbed by an electric field generated between the gate bus line and the first stripe electrode.

154 is a view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 150;

155 is a view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 150;

Figure 156 is a plan view showing a portion of an active matrix formed on one of the substrates according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 157 is a sectional view of a substrate having the stripe electrode of FIG.

158 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 157;

159 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 160 is a sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 158;

161 is a sectional view showing a modification to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 158;

Fig. 162 shows the relationship between d / ε and transmittance.

Fig. 163 shows the relationship between the thickness of the transparent resin layer of the dielectric layer and the image sticking of the screen when the thickness of the color filter is 2 mu m;

164 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 165 illustrates an example of a discotic liquid crystal display device that may be used as the dielectric layer of FIG.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device using an oblique electric field.

As a display device of a personal computer, for example, a TN type liquid crystal display device is widely used. However, the TN type liquid crystal display has a problem in that the contrast is reduced or the brightness deteriorates when the screen is viewed obliquely. Therefore, there is a high demand for a liquid crystal display device in which the contrast is not reduced when viewed obliquely.

For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-153782 and 10-186351 disclose IPS (In-plane switching) type liquid crystal display devices in which contrast is not reduced when viewed obliquely. In an IPS type liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal is disposed between a pair of substrates, one of the substrates having a first electrode and a second electrode to which a voltage is applied. The other substrate does not have an electrode. Therefore, a transverse electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate surface. The liquid crystal is driven by this transverse electric field. The liquid crystal display devices disclosed in these publications use vertically oriented liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate when no voltage is applied, and in a direction parallel to the transverse electric field when a voltage is applied.

In the above-described IPS type liquid crystal display device, the first and second electrodes are formed on one of the substrates in the form of metal stripes extending in parallel to each other. When a voltage is applied, the electric field lines of the transverse electric field extend in a bow shape from the first electrode toward the second electrode. When the first electrode is located on the left side of the second electrode, the liquid crystal molecules near the first electrode are oriented in the upper right along the electric line of force, and the liquid crystal molecules near the second electrode are on the upper left along the electric line of force. Oriented). Liquid crystal molecules located in the middle between the first electrode and the second electrode are oriented in a direction parallel to the substrate surface along the electric force line.

However, the liquid crystal molecules located in the middle between the first electrode and the second electrode are affected by the liquid crystal molecules oriented in the upper left and the liquid crystal molecules oriented in the upper right, and thus cannot be smoothly oriented in the direction parallel to the substrate surface. . This unstable orientation causes disclination. As a result, a black line is generated in the middle between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby reducing the transmittance. The foreground may be generated or disappeared due to voltage or disturbance, causing irregular display or afterimage.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent visual characteristics without a foreground.

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, a plurality of stripe electrodes per pixel formed on one of the pair of substrates, and the pair A transparent electrode formed on the other substrate so as to almost cover the entire surface of at least one of the other substrates (at least to cover the display area).

In the above-described configuration, an electric field is formed between one of the stripe electrodes and the wide transparent electrode. This electric field is an oblique electric field formed in an oblique direction from each stripe electrode toward the wide transparent electrode. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface when no voltage is applied, and in a direction parallel to the oblique electric field when a voltage is applied. In this way, almost all liquid crystal molecules are oriented smoothly along the electric field, so no foreground occurs.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a view showing the liquid crystal display device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention when no voltage is supplied, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 1 when a voltage is applied.

1 and 2, the liquid crystal display device 10 according to the present invention is disposed between the opposing first and second transparent glass substrates 12 and 14 and the first and second substrates 12 and 14, respectively. Liquid crystal layer 16. The first substrate 12 is a color filter substrate including a color filter (not shown), and the second substrate 14 is a TFT substrate including a TFT. The liquid crystal panel is formed of a pair of substrates 12 and 14 and a liquid crystal layer 16.

The first substrate 12 includes a wide or solid transparent electrode 18 and a vertical alignment layer 20 formed to almost cover the entire surface of the first substrate 12. The second substrate 14 includes a plurality of stripe electrodes 22 (only one shown in FIG. 1) and a vertically oriented layer 24 extending parallel to each other. The liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 16 is vertically oriented and has a positive dielectric anisotropy. The pair of polarizers 26 and 28 are disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal panel.

3 shows an active matrix portion formed in the second substrate 14. The active matrix includes a gate bus line 30, a data bus line 32 and a TFT 34. The area defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 corresponds to one pixel. The two stripe electrodes 22 are connected to the TFT 34 and supplied with the AC data voltage of the data bus line 32. In Fig. 3, two stripe electrodes 22 are disposed in one pixel. The wide transparent electrode 18 is formed of an almost transparent material such as ITO or NESA. However, the stripe electrode 22 is formed of the same metal as the gate bus line 30 or the data bus line 32.

4 shows the relationship between the light absorption axes 26a and 28a of the polarizers 26 and 28. Absorption axes 26a, 28a are arranged in a crossed Nicol arrangement at right angles to each other. The light absorption axes 26a and 28a are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees to the gate bus line 30, the data bus line 32 and the stripe electrode 22 shown in FIG.

As shown in Fig. 1, in the configuration when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. However, as shown in Fig. 2, at the time of voltage application (e.g., when the wide transparent electrode 18 is connected to ground and an AC voltage is supplied to the stripe electrode 22), the transparent electrode from each stripe electrode 22 Electric field is formed toward the side. As indicated by arrow F ₀ , a plurality of electric fields (electric force lines) are formed obliquely from each stripe electrode 22 toward the solid transparent electrode 18. Therefore, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy are oriented parallel to the oblique electric field F ₀ at the time of voltage application.

As a result, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined to the substrate surface in an oblique direction, and birefringence occurs to change the polarization of the incident light. Therefore, most liquid crystal molecules are smoothly oriented according to the oblique electric field. Since the polarizers 26 and 28 are arranged in cross nicol, white display is realized upon application of voltage. In the immediate vicinity of the stripe electrode 22, the electric field (electric force line) is perpendicular to the substrate surface, as indicated by arrow F _N. The stripe electrode 22 made of metal has a shielding ability. Therefore, there is no problem in the movement of the liquid crystal in this portion. The visual characteristics of this type of liquid crystal display device are superior to the TN type liquid crystal display device.

5A to 5C are views showing comparative examples of the liquid crystal display. In Fig. 5, there is no electrode on the first substrate 12, and the first electrode 23a and the second electrode 23b are disposed only on the second substrate 14. The liquid crystal layer 16 comprises a vertically oriented liquid crystal whose dielectric constant is positive anisotropy. Thus, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, as shown in Fig. 5B, a horizontal electric field is formed from the first electrode 23a toward the second electrode 23b. Liquid crystal molecules are oriented parallel to the horizontal electric field. However, there is no guarantee that the liquid crystal molecules located in the intermediate position between the two electrodes 23a and 23b depend on the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the right end or the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the left end, so that the alignment of the liquid crystal is unstable. do. As a result, as shown in Fig. 5C, the foreground D occurs in the center of one pixel region 10b of the liquid crystal display. The C region is shielded by the first electrode 23a and the second electrode 23b made of metal. According to the present invention, such a foreground D is reduced.

6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to a second exemplary embodiment in which no voltage is applied. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display 10 of FIG. 6 to which a voltage is applied. 1 and 2, the liquid crystal display device 10 is disposed between the first and second transparent glass substrates 12 and 14 and the first and second transparent glass substrates 12 and 14 which face each other. Liquid crystal layer 16 and polarizers 26 and 28.

The first substrate 12 includes a wide or solid transparent electrode 18 and a vertical alignment layer 20 that almost covers the entire surface of the first substrate 12. The second substrate 14 includes a plurality of first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and a vertically oriented layer 24 extending alternately in parallel. Different voltages are supplied to the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups. In this embodiment, an AC data voltage (eg, ± 5 V) is supplied to the first group of stripe electrodes 22a, and a voltage such as the solid transparent electrode 18 is supplied to the second group of stripe electrodes 22b. do. In this case, the solid transparent electrode 18 is supplied with an almost intermediate voltage (ground) of the AC data voltage.

In addition, a dielectric layer (insulating layer) 36 is disposed between the wide transparent electrode 18 and the vertical alignment layer 20. The solid transparent electrode 18 is disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate 12, and the dielectric layer 36 is disposed on the solid transparent electrode 18. In principle, a dielectric layer 36 is inserted between the solid transparent electrode 18 and the liquid crystal layer 16. Preferably, dielectric layer 36 is photocurable, thermoset, embossed or intaglio resist, polyamic acid or other organic resin (such as epoxy resin, acrylic resin or fluorine resin), or SiO, SiO ₂ or It is preferable to be formed of a SiN group.

In the configuration as shown in Fig. 6, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface when no voltage is applied. However, as shown in Fig. 7, an electric field (electric force line) is formed from the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group to the solid transparent electrodes 18 at the time of voltage application. As indicated by arrow F ₀ , a plurality of electric fields (electric force lines) are formed obliquely toward the solid transparent electrode 18 from the stripe electrodes 22a of each first group. Therefore, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy are oriented in a direction parallel to the oblique electric field F ₀ at the time of voltage application.

Further, a horizontal or horizontal electric field F _T is formed from the stripe electrodes 22a of each first group to the stripe electrodes 22b of each second group. This transverse electric field F _T serves to help form an oblique electric field F ₀ toward the solid transparent electrode 18 from each of the first group of stripe electrodes. Specifically, in the configuration of Fig. 2, the oblique electric field F ₀ becomes significantly weaker away from the stripe electrode 22 in the horizontal direction. However, in Fig. 7, the intensity of the oblique electric field F ₀ is not greatly reduced as it moves away from the stripe electrode 22a.

The liquid crystal molecules are oriented parallel to the oblique electric field F ₀ , and are inclined by a predetermined angle on the substrate surface, thereby causing birefringence and changing the polarization of incident light. Therefore, most of the liquid crystal molecules are smoothly oriented in accordance with an oblique electric field, thereby significantly preventing the foreground D of FIG. 5C. By inserting the dielectric layer 36 between the solid transparent electrode 18 and the liquid crystal layer 16, an oblique electric field F ₀ can be better formed and excellent display can be obtained. The effect of the oblique electric field F ₀ will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

8 and 9 illustrate the operation of the dielectric layer 36. FIG. 8 shows a case where an electric field is formed without the dielectric layer 36, and FIG. 9 shows a case where an electric field is formed in the presence of the dielectric layer 36. As shown in FIG. 8 and 9, an equipotential line is formed around the stripe electrode 22a. In FIG. 8, the electric field is excessively concentrated in the vicinity of each of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a, and the equipotential lines stay in the liquid crystal layer 16. In FIG. In the liquid crystal layer 16, the electric field tends to be formed strongly perpendicular to the transparent electrode 18, so that the oblique electric field has a strong normal component and does not become sufficiently oblique. Thus, the liquid crystal does not exhibit sufficient birefringence characteristics.

In Fig. 9, the equipotential lines extend from the liquid crystal layer 16 to the dielectric layer 36, so that concentration of the electric field in the liquid crystal layer 16 is relaxed. Thus, in the liquid crystal layer 16, the strength of the electric field formed perpendicular to the transparent electrode is weakened. As a result, the normal component of the oblique electric field is weakened and becomes sufficiently oblique. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules are sufficiently inclined.

FIG. 10A illustrates a liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 6 except that the dielectric layer 36 is not included. FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a display example on the liquid crystal display of FIG. 10A. In this example, the foreground is removed, but the overall display is relatively dark.

11A is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal display in which the substrate 12 having the transparent electrode 18 is disposed upside down. FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating a display example on the liquid crystal display of FIG. 11A. Hatching areas represent dark areas and other areas represent light areas. In this example, there is also a straight foreground in the unhatched bright areas.

FIG. 12A shows a liquid crystal display similar to the liquid crystal display of FIG. 6 with a dielectric layer 36. FIG. FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating a display example on the liquid crystal display of FIG. 12A. In this example, no foreground appears and the display is overall bright. Therefore, in the configuration of Fig. 12, bright display without a foreground can be realized with a small driving voltage.

FIG. 13 shows the transmittance T when a voltage of 6 V is applied to the liquid crystal display without the dielectric layer 36 and the transparent electrode 18. FIG. 13 to 16, the horizontal axis x indicates a position, and the valleys of the respective curves correspond to the stripe electrodes 22a, 22b, 23a, and 23b or the foreground D. In FIG.

FIG. 14 shows the transmittance T when a voltage of 10V is applied to the liquid crystal display without the dielectric layer 36 and the transparent electrode 18. FIG. 13 and 14, the foreground occurs in the high transmittance region.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the transmittance T when a voltage of 6 V is applied to the liquid crystal display device having the dielectric layer 36 and the transparent electrode 18.

FIG. 16 shows the transmittance T when a voltage of 10 V is applied to the liquid crystal display device having the dielectric layer 36 and the transparent electrode 18. 15 and 16, no foreground occurs.

FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 and the transmittance (luminance). If the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 is zero, the transmittance is low. However, as the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 increases, the transmittance increases. When the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 is 3 to 4 mu m, the transmittance is maximum, and when the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 exceeds 4 mu m, the transmittance is gradually reduced. However, when the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 exceeds 4 mu m, the effect of the solid transparent layer 18 is reduced. In general, the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 is preferably in the range of 3 μm ± 3 μm.

The thickness of dielectric layer 36 is determined by the dielectric constant of dielectric layer 36. When the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 36 is in the range of 3 ± 1, the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 should be 0.1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. On the other hand, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 36 is in the range of 5 ± 1, the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 should be 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less. Specifically, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 36 is about 3, the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 should be 1 μm to 4 μm. On the other hand, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 36 is about 7, the appropriate thickness of the dielectric layer 36 should be 3 μm to 6 μm. This is determined depending on how the equipotential lines of FIG. 9 are formed.

18-21 show various examples of dielectric layer 36. In FIG. 18, the color filter 38 is disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate 12. As shown in FIG. The solid transparent electrode 18 is disposed on the color filter 38, the dielectric layer 36 is formed on the solid transparent electrode 18, and the vertically oriented layer 20 is formed on the dielectric layer 36. .

In Fig. 19, the color filter 38 is disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate 12, and the solid transparent electrode 18 is formed on the color filter 38, and the dielectric also serves as the vertically oriented layer 20. Layer 36 is formed on solid transparent electrode 18. In this case, the vertically oriented layer 20 is formed thick to meet the thickness requirement of the dielectric layer 36.

In FIG. 20, the solid transparent electrode 18 is formed on the inner surface of the first substrate 12, and the color filter 38, which also serves as the dielectric layer 36, is formed on the solid transparent electrode 18, and is vertically oriented. Layer 20 is formed on color filter 38.

In FIG. 21, the solid transparent electrode 18 is formed on the inner surface of the first substrate 12, and the color filter 38, which also serves as the dielectric layer 36 and the vertical alignment layer 20, is the solid transparent electrode 18 ) Is formed on. In this case, the above-described configuration can be obtained by using polyimide having vertical alignment characteristics as a base material of the color filter 38. The dielectric layer 36 is required in the configuration of Fig. 18, but the dielectric layer 36 is not necessary in the configurations of Figs. When dielectric layer 36 is added, a process of patterning dielectric layer 36 is added to form a transfer electrode connecting solid transparent electrode 18 to a lead electrode of second substrate 14. do. It is also convenient for the dielectric layer 36 to have a phase film characteristic described later.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and the active matrix formed in the second substrate 14. The active matrix includes a gate bus line 30, a data bus line 32 and a TFT 34. The area defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 corresponds to one pixel. The two stripe electrodes 22a of the first group are connected to the TFT 34, and are connected to each other by the connection electrode 22c, and the AC data voltage of the data bus line 32 is supplied. In addition, the common bus line 40 is disposed parallel to the gate bus line 30. The three stripe electrodes of the second group are connected to the common bus line 40, and are connected to each other by the connection electrode 22d. The two first stripe electrodes 22a and the three stripe electrodes 22b are alternately arranged to form a horizontal or horizontal electric field. As described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, this horizontal electric field allows the formation of an oblique electric field between the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group and the wide or solid transparent electrodes 18 of the first substrate 12. Promote.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another example of the first and second group of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b formed on the second substrate 14 and the active matrix. Also in this example, the first group of stripe electrodes 22a are connected to the TFT 34 via the connection electrode 22c, and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b are connected by the connection electrode 22d to the common bus. Connected to line 40. The first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b are alternately arranged to form a horizontal electric field. The stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are formed at an angle of 45 degrees to the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32.

Further, the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups are divided into two sub-groups of linear portions extending in a direction at an angle of 90 degrees between the respective portions. Specifically, the connection electrode 22c includes a connection electrode portion 22cx extending parallel to the gate bus line 30 and a connection electrode portion 22cy extending parallel to the data bus line 32 along the center line of the pixel. do. Similarly, connection electrode 22d has connection electrode parts 22dx and 22dy. The stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups are divided into two subgroups on both sides of the connection electrode portions 22cy and 22dy. Within each subgroup, the liquid crystal molecules located on the stripe electrodes 22a of each first group are inclined in opposite directions (FIG. 7), so that the liquid crystals are oriented in different directions. As a result, the pixel is divided into 4 regions of 2x2. In such a configuration, since the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in four directions, the visual characteristics are further improved.

Also, the second substrate shown in Figs. 22 and 23 can be combined with the first substrate 12 shown in Figs.

FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically showing the liquid crystal display device 10 of FIGS. 6 and 7 (FIGS. 18 to 23).

The liquid crystal display device 10 includes a liquid crystal panel having a pair of glass substrates 12 and 14 therebetween receiving a liquid crystal layer 16 and a pair of polarizers 26 and 28 located on both sides of the liquid crystal panel. It includes. The light absorption axes 26a and 28a of the polarizers 26 and 28 are disposed at right angles to each other. The light absorption axes 26a and 28a may be disposed at an angle of 45 to the gate bus line 30, the data bus line 32, and the stripe electrode 22.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the liquid crystal display device 10 further including at least one phase plate or phase film 42. At least one phase film 42 may be disposed at any position between the pair of polarizers 26, 28.

 It is assumed that the phase film 42 according to this embodiment has a characteristic represented by the following formula.

n _x ≥ n _z , n _y ≥ n _z (not n _x = n _y = n _z ) (1)

Here, the main refractive index of the phase film 42 is n _x , n _y , n _z, and the refractive index of the film surface is n _x , n _y (the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizer is n _x , The refractive index in the direction parallel to the absorption axis is n _y ), and the refractive index perpendicular to the film is n _z .

For example, when the relationship of n _x > n _y is maintained between the refractive indices n _x and n _y , the x direction is called a slow axis. When the thickness of the phase film 42 is d, R _xz = (n _x -n _z ) d and R _yz = (n _y -n _z ) d.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the configuration of a representative polarizer 44. FIG. The polarizer 44 is formed as a polarizing film that supports a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having a polarizing function as a triacetylcellulose (TAC) film or similar supporting film. As shown in Fig. 27, when this polarizer 44 is used as the polarizers 26 and 28 of the liquid crystal display device 10, only the PVA film is regarded as the actual polarizers 26 and 28. Therefore, when the TAC film located on the inner side of the PVA film satisfies the relationship of n _x ≥ n _z , n _y ≥ n _z , the specific TAC film is regarded as a phase film inserted between the polarizers 26, 28 pairs. In addition, according to the present invention, any layer having a phase may be used instead of the phase film. The layer having a phase is preferably formed as a film-like material including a color filter layer, a resin layer, or an alignment layer as much as possible.

FIG. 28 is a view showing visual characteristics of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. Curve 46 represents a constant contrast curve with a contrast of 10 when the liquid crystal panel is viewed from all directions. From this constant contrast curve 46, it can be seen that an excellent contrast can be obtained at a time wider than that of the TN type liquid crystal display device. In this constant contrast curve 46, the time when the contrast is 10 in the 45 degree direction, 135 degree direction, 225 direction and 315 degree direction is 38 degrees.

29 is a view showing visual characteristics of the liquid crystal display of FIG. Curve 48 is a constant contrast curve with a contrast of 10 when the liquid crystal panel is viewed from all directions. In the constant contrast curve 48, the time when the contrast is 10 in the 45 degree direction, the 135 degree direction, the 225 degree direction and the 315 degree direction is 70 degrees. Therefore, when the phase film 42 is inserted, excellent visual characteristics can be obtained.

First, in the configuration of Fig. 25, the sheet of phase film 42 was inserted, and the visual characteristics were examined while varying R _xz and R _yz . The time was determined at contrast 10 in the 45 degree direction while changing R _xz and R _yz .

30 is a view showing a constant time curve with a contrast of 10. FIG. Curves with time 70, 60, 50 and 40 degrees were drawn in the R _xz -R _yz coordinate system. In the liquid crystal display device having the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of Fig. 23, the visual characteristics are the same in the four directions, and thus similar results were obtained in the 135, 225, and 315 degree directions.

As described above, in Fig. 28, the time when the contrast is 10 in the 45 degree direction is 38 degrees. Therefore, the addition of the phase film 42 is effective as long as the time with contrast 10 in FIG. 30 is 38 degrees or more.

In FIG. 30, the time when the contrast is 10 is 38 degrees or more when R _xz and R _yz satisfy the following conditions.

R _yz ≥ R _xz -230 nm

R _yz ≤ R _xz + 130 nm

R _yz ≤ -R _xz + 1060 nm

If you rewrite this condition,

-130 nm ≤ (n _x -n _y ) d ≤ 230 nm

((n _x + n _y ) / 2-n _z ) d ≤ 530 nm

Here, when R = (n _x -n _y ) d and R _t = ((n _x + n _y ) / 2-n _z ) d, the conditions satisfied by the phase film 42 are as follows.

-130 nm ≤ R ≤ 230 nm (2)

R _t ≤ 530 nm

In a similar manner, the optimum conditions for R and R _t were determined by changing the Δnd _LC (d _LC is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer) of the liquid crystal panel. It was found that the optimum condition for R is always given by the following equation irrespective of Δnd _LC of the liquid crystal panel.

-130 nm ≤ R ≤ 230 nm (2)

On the other hand, the optimal condition for R _t is determined by Δnd _LC of the liquid crystal panel. The relationship between Δnd _LC and the upper limit of the optimum condition for R _t was investigated and shown in FIG. 31. When Δnd _LC = R _LC for the liquid crystal panel, the upper limit of the optimum condition for R _t is given by a relationship of 1.6 × R _LC . Therefore, R _t must be in the range lower than this upper limit. That is, the following relationship is satisfied.

R _t ≤ 1.6 × R _LC

The above is the irradiation when the sheet of phase film 42 is inserted between the pair of polarizers 26 and 28. This irradiation can be applied even when a plurality of phase films are inserted between the pair of polarizers 26 and 28. As described with reference to Figs. 26 and 27, for example, when the polarizers 26 and 28 have a structure in which the PVA film and the TAC film overlap with each other, the internal TAC film functions as a phase film defined in equation (1). Therefore, in the case of the configuration shown in Fig. 27, three phase films are inserted between the pair of polarizers 26 and 28.

Similar investigations were made regarding the case where N phase films were inserted between the pair of polarizers 26 and 28. R for N phase films is R ₁ , R ₂ ,. R _N , and R _t is R _t1 , R _t2 ,... In terms of R _tN , it is known that the optimum condition also satisfies the following equation.

-130 nm ≤ R ₁ ≤ 230 nm (2)

…

-130 nm ≤ R _N ≤ 230 nm

R _t1 + R _t2 +... R _tN ≤ 1.6 × R _LC (3)

The above formula is a description of the conditions when the contrast 10 is 38 degrees or more. In addition, the conditions of contrast 10 time were investigated about 50 degree | times or more. It was found that this condition is satisfied when the following relationship is satisfied at the same time.

n _x ≥ n _z , n _y ≥ n _z (not n _x = n _y = n _z ) (1)

-50 nm ≤ R ₁ ≤ 150 nm (4)

…

-50 nm ≤ R _N ≤ 150 nm

R _t1 + R _t2 +... + R _tN ≤ 1.3 × R _LC (5)

FIG. 29 shows a constant contrast curve when Δnd _LC = R _LC = 330 nm, R = (n _x -n _y ) d = 50 nm, and R _t = 200 nm in the configuration of FIG. The phase film 42 is an ARTON film made by Japan Synthetic Rubber, and the slow axis is disposed perpendicular to the absorption axis of the adjacent polarizer.

32 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device 10 includes first and second glass substrates 12 and 14 which face each other, and a liquid crystal layer 16 disposed between the glass substrates 12 and 14. The first glass substrate 12 is a color filter substrate, and the second glass substrate 14 is a TFT substrate. The first glass substrate 12 includes a transparent electrode 18 having a completely solid surface, a dielectric layer 36 and a vertically oriented layer 20. The second glass substrate 14 includes first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, an insulating layer 50 and a vertically oriented layer 24 extending parallel to each other. Polarizers 26 and 28, not shown, may be arranged as shown in Figs. Incidentally, the embodiments described later can be applied not only to the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 4 but also to the liquid crystal display device using only the horizontal electric fields shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.

The insulating layer 50 covers the first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and is disposed below the alignment layer 24. As shown in the figure, the insulating layer 50 is not always composed of a single insulating layer, but may be composed of a combination of a plurality of insulating layers. For example, the insulating layer 50 may be a combination of the first and second insulating layers described below. In this case, the second group of stripe electrodes 22b to which the common voltage is supplied are formed on the glass substrate 14, and the first insulating layer is the same layer as the TFT gate insulating layer, and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b is provided. ) And a first group of stripe electrodes 22a to which data voltages are supplied are formed on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer is the same layer as the TFT protective layer. 22a). The insulating layer 50 (or the first and second insulating layers) is formed of an insulating material such as SiNx, SiO ₂ , resist, resin, acrylic resin, or the like.

33 is a diagram showing a modification of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. In this example, insulating layer 50 covers stripe electrode 22b of the second group and is disposed below alignment layer 24. The first group of stripe electrodes 22a are disposed on the insulating layer 50 and below the alignment layer 24. 32 and 33 can be formed in the middle of a process of forming a TFT using, for example, SiN.

34 is a diagram showing a reference example of the liquid crystal display of FIG. In Fig. 34, the insulating layer 50 of Figs. 32 and 33 is not included.

32 to 34, in the liquid crystal display device having the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups, a TFT is connected to the first stripe electrode 22a and a data voltage is supplied. The common voltage is supplied to the two stripe electrodes 22b.

In the liquid crystal display of FIG. 34, when the DC voltage component is applied between the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b for a long time, the screen may be image-stuck. However, in the liquid crystal display of Figs. 32 and 33, providing the insulating layer 50 can prevent image sticking of the screen which may be caused by the DC voltage component.

Fig. 44 shows an example of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal display device, where the letter V _G represents a gate voltage, V _D represents a data voltage, and V _C represents a common voltage. The voltage V _LC applied to the liquid crystal is equal to the data voltage V _D. However, in view of the fact that the voltage drop occurs due to capacitance coupling immediately after the gate is turned on, the voltage V _LC is slightly lower than the data voltage V _D. The common voltage V _C is determined to have an average value of the voltage V _LC applied to the liquid crystal in consideration of the voltage drop. Since the liquid crystal is driven by an AC voltage, generally no DC voltage component is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b for a long time. However, when the common voltage V _C deviates from the average value of the voltage V _LC applied to the liquid crystal, a DC voltage is supplied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. As a result, in the liquid crystal display of Fig. 34, the screen can be image stuck due to the DC voltage component.

35 is a view showing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32 to which a voltage is applied. FIG. 35 shows the potential distribution immediately after applying 1V to the stripe electrode 22a of the first group and 0V to the stripe electrode 22b of the second group. The curve in Fig. 35 is an equipotential curve. V ₁ represents the voltage at the boundary between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24 on the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group, and V ₁ ′ is the orientation on the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group. The voltage at the boundary between layer 24 and insulating layer 50 is shown. Similarly, V ₂ represents the voltage at the boundary between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24 on the stripe electrode 22b of the second group, and V ₂ ′ represents the stripe electrode 22b of the second group. Voltage at the boundary between the alignment layer 24 and the insulating layer 50 above.

36A, 36B, and 36C are diagrams showing a voltage change when a DC voltage of 1V is applied between the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups of the liquid crystal display shown in FIGS. 32 to 34. FIG. 36A shows the voltage change in the liquid crystal display of FIG. 32, FIG. 36B shows the voltage change in the liquid crystal display of FIG. 33, and FIG. 36C shows the voltage change in the liquid crystal display of FIG.

36A and 36B, the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ , i.e., the DC voltage component applied to the liquid crystal layer 16, decreases with time, and converges to zero after 10 to 20 seconds. Therefore, when the insulating layer 50 is included, the possibility that the screen is image sticked even if a DC voltage component is present is reduced. In Fig. 36C, the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ is not reduced over time, so that the screen can be image stuck.

In order to prevent image sticking, the provision of the insulating layer 50 and the following facts are considered. (a) The time difference between the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ , that is, the DC voltage component applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 converges to 0 is several seconds to several hundred seconds. The shorter the time that the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ converges to zero, the shorter the time that the DC voltage component is applied to the liquid crystal layer 16. This is very useful for preventing image sticking of the screen. However, if the time for convergence is excessively short, the voltage retention of the liquid crystal is reduced. Therefore, a suitable convergence time is several seconds to several hundred seconds. (b) The voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₁ ie, the field strength in the vicinity of the alignment layer 24, is as close to zero as possible. As a result, the residual DC voltage due to ion absorption can be reduced at the boundary between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24. These two conditions can be satisfied by appropriately selecting the volume resistivity of the component materials of the liquid crystal cell.

37A to 37F show the voltage change when the volume resistivity of the liquid crystal layer 16 changes when the volume resistivity of the alignment layer 24 of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 32 is 10 ¹⁰ mPa. FIG. 37A shows the case where the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal layer 16 is 10 ⁸ μm, and FIG. 37B shows the case where the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal layer 16 is 10 ⁹ μm, and FIG. 37C Shows the case where the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal layer 16 is 10 ¹⁰ μm, FIG. 37D shows the case where the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal layer 16 is 10 ¹¹ μm, and FIG. indicates the case of the volume resistivity (VR _LC) of the layer (16) 10 ¹² Ωm, Figure 37f shows a case where the volume resistivity (VR _LC) of the liquid crystal layer (16) 10 ¹³ Ωm days.

38A to 38F show voltage changes when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal layer 16 changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 is 10 ¹² Ωm. 38A shows the case where the VR _LC is 10 ⁸ Ωm, FIG. 38B shows the case where the VR _LC is 10 ⁹ Ωm, FIG. 38C shows the case where the VR _LC is 10 ¹⁰ Ωm, and FIG. 38D shows the VR _LC 10 ^11. 38E shows the case where VR _LC is 10 ¹² Ωm, and FIG. 38F shows the case where VR _LC is 10 ¹³ Ωm.

39A to 39F are diagrams showing voltage changes when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal layer 16 changes when the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 is 10 ¹⁴ Ωm. 39A shows the case where the VR _LC is 10 ⁸ Ωm, FIG. 39B shows the case when the VR _LC is 10 ⁹ Ωm, FIG. 39C shows the case when the VR _LC is 10 ¹⁰ Ωm, and FIG. 39D shows the VR _LC 10 ^11. The case where? M is shown, FIG. 39E shows the case where VR _LC is 10 ¹² , and FIG. 38F shows the case where VR _LC is 10 ¹³ .

37A to 39F, as long as the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 is kept constant, the smaller the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal is, the shorter time the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ converges to zero. Lose. The volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal is preferably 10 ⁹ Ωm to 10 ¹² Ωm, more preferably 10 ⁹ Ωm to 10 ¹⁰ Ωm.

37A to 39F, the smaller the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24, the shorter the time for the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ to converge to zero. Thus, the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₁ ′ and the voltage difference between V ₂ and V ₂ ′ become small. Therefore, the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 should be as small as possible, and the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 should be smaller than the volume resistance VR _LC of the liquid crystal layer 16. The volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 is preferably 10 ¹⁰ Ωm to 10 ¹² Ωm. In particular, the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 is preferably 10 ¹⁰ Ωm to 10 ¹¹ Ωm.

The volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 should be greater than the volume resistance of the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24.

40A to 40D show a voltage change when the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 changes when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24 of the liquid crystal display device 10 is 10 ¹⁰ Ωm. The figure which shows. 40A shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹² Ωm, FIG. 40B shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹³ Ωm, and FIG. 40C shows the volume of the insulating layer 50. The case where the resistance is 10 ¹⁴ Ωm is shown, and FIG. 40D shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹⁶ Ωm.

41A to 41D show a voltage change when the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 changes when the volume resistance of the liquid crystal layer 16 and the alignment layer 24 of the liquid crystal display device 10 is 10 ¹¹ Ωm. The figure which shows. 41A shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹² Ωm, FIG. 41B shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹³ Ωm, and FIG. 41C shows the volume of the insulating layer 50. The case where the resistance is 10 ¹⁴ Ωm is shown, and FIG. 41D shows the case where the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹⁶ Ωm.

40A to 41D, the larger the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50, the shorter the time for the voltage difference between V ₁ and V ₂ to converge to zero. It has been found that the volume resistance of the insulating layer 50 is 10 ¹³ Ω or more.

42A to 42C show the change in voltage according to the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 of the liquid crystal display device 10 of FIG. 32 having a volume resistance of 10 ¹⁴ Ωm and located on the first stripe electrode 22a. The figure which shows. The thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 positioned on the first stripe electrode 22a is equal to the thickness of the portion of the insulating layer 50 positioned between the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a. If the same, the total thickness of the insulating layer 50 is given by 2T ₁ .

FIG. 42A shows the case where the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 is 0.2 μm, FIG. 42B shows the case where the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 is 0.4 μm, and FIG. 42C shows the insulation. The case where the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the layer 50 is 0.8 μm is shown. 42A to 42C, the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 is sufficient to reduce the DC voltage component, and the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 can be made smaller. It has been found that the thickness T ₁ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 is preferably 50 nm or more.

FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating a voltage change according to a change in thickness T ₂ of the portion of the insulating layer 50 of the liquid crystal display 10 of FIG. 33 positioned on the second stripe electrode 22b with a volume resistance of 10 ¹⁴ Ωm. to be. In FIG. 33, the insulating layer 50 covers only the second stripe electrode 22b, and the first stripe electrode 22a is not covered with the insulating layer 50. In FIG.

In Figure 43, nearly equal to the time that the voltage difference is converged to zero between V ₁ and V of the time that the voltage difference is converged to zero between ₁ and V _{2 2} Figure 42a V. Therefore, in view of the effect of preventing image sticking of the screen, it can be considered that the thickness of the insulating layer 50 of FIG. 43 is the same as the thickness of the insulating layer 50 of FIG. That is, in Figure 42a, the first stripe electrode (22a), an insulating layer 50, the thickness of the portion located in the (T ₁₎ and the second, located on the stripe electrode (22b) insulating layer 50, the thickness of the portion (T ₁ Is the thickness T ₂ (in this case 0) of the portion of the insulating layer 50 located on the first stripe electrode 22a of FIG. 43 and the insulating layer (located on the second stripe electrode 22b). 50) equal to the average thickness between the thicknesses T ₂ of the parts. The thickness T ₂ of the insulating layer 50 is preferably 50 nm or more.

45 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display in which pixels including stripe electrodes of the first and second groups are arranged in a predetermined pattern. The liquid crystal display 10 has a matrix of pixels 52 each including a first group of stripe electrodes 22a and a second group of stripe electrodes 22b disposed on one of the substrates.

In each pixel 52, each of the first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b is formed in a shape having a bent portion to the left in FIG. Both stripe electrodes of the first and second groups of all the pixels 52 have portions curved to the left. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display of Fig. 45, the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups are bent to the left over the entire screen.

46A is a diagram showing an example of the screen 54 of the liquid crystal display device having the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups of FIG. Image 54a is formed on screen 54 upon application of voltage. 46B is a diagram showing an example in which image sticking 54b occurs when the entire screen 54 of FIG. 46A is displayed in gray. Image sticking 54b of the screen often occurs as a trace of the portion of the image 54a after the same image 54a has been formed for a long time.

This image sticking of the screen is often due to the asymmetry of the pixel shape. Specifically, the screen 54 of FIG. 46A is formed of pixels 52 having the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of FIG. 45, and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are to the left. Is bent. In such an asymmetric liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal flows asymmetrically as shown by the arrow in Fig. 46A, and the liquid crystal flows differently along the outline of the image 54a, so that impurities contained in the liquid crystal are high, resulting in a difference in driving voltage. Appears and appears as the image sticking 54b of the screen.

FIG. 47 shows a liquid crystal display having pixels of the first and second group of stripe electrodes 22a, 22b arranged in a pattern according to the fourth embodiment for solving the problems described with reference to FIGS. 45 and 46. FIG. It is the top view shown. The liquid crystal display device 10 has a basic configuration similar to that of FIGS. 1, 5, and 6. The liquid crystal display device 10 is composed of a matrix of pixels 52 each including a first group of stripe electrodes 22a and a second group of stripe electrodes 22b formed on one of the substrates. The stripe electrode 22a of the first group receives the data voltage, and the stripe electrode 22b of the second group receives the common voltage. As a result, the liquid crystal display of this configuration basically performs a function similar to the above-described embodiment.

Within each pixel 52, each of the first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a, 22b has a unidirectional shape. Specifically, the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups are formed in a shape having portions that are bent at 90 degrees, respectively. However, in one region, for example, in the pixel 52 located in the first row, the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are each bent to the left. For example, in other regions in the pixel 52 located in the second row of Fig. 47, the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups are each bent to the right. In the entire screen, the region in which the electrode is bent to the left and the region in which the electrode is bent to the right are alternately arranged.

Therefore, in FIG. 47, the asymmetry described with reference to FIG. 45 is excluded, so that image sticking of the screen due to the asymmetry of the pixel configuration described with reference to FIG. 46 can be improved.

48 and 49 illustrate a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 47. Also in this figure, the liquid crystal display device 10 is composed of a matrix of pixels 52 each including the first and second group of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b formed on one of the substrates. The stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first group and the second group are each shaped to have portions bent at 90 degrees.

In FIG. 48, the pixel 52 located in one region, for example, the pixel 52 of the rightmost column is considered. In each pixel 52, the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the 1st and 2nd group are bent to the left. In pixels of other regions, for example, in pixels 52 located in the second column from the right in FIG. 48, the first and second stripe electrodes 22a, 22b are bent to the right. When viewed in the full screen, the region in which the electrode is bent to the left and the region in which the electrode is bent to the right are alternately arranged.

In Fig. 49, in each area, for example, in the pixel 52 at the upper right and in the pixel 52 located in the second row of the second column from the right, the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are shown. Is bent to the right. In other areas, for example, within the pixels located in the second column from the right of the first row from the top, and within the pixels 52 located in the first column from the right of the second row from the top, the first and second groups of stripes The electrodes 22a and 22b are bent to the left. When viewed in the full screen, the region in which the electrode is bent to the left and the region in which the electrode is bent to the right are alternately arranged. In other words, the pixels 52 are arranged in a checkerboard shape.

As a result, in Figs. 48 and 49, the pixel shapes are symmetrical, whereby the image sticking 54b of the screen due to the asymmetry of the pixel shapes described with reference to Fig. 46 can be improved.

50 is a diagram illustrating an example of one pixel of the liquid crystal display shown in FIGS. 47 to 49. 51 is a plan view showing the first stripe electrode 22a. 52 is a plan view showing the second stripe electrode 22b. The feature of this pixel can be applied to other embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 23 as well as in FIG. 50, in the liquid crystal display device 10, one of the substrates 14 includes an active matrix having a gate bus line 30, a data bus line 32, and a TFT 34. FIG. do. In addition, a common bus line 40 is provided. The first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are disposed in the substantially rectangular pixel 52 defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32. The stripe electrode 22a of the first group is connected to the TFT 34 by the first connection electrode 22c. The stripe electrode 22b of the second group is connected to the common bus line 40 by the second connection electrode 22d.

50 and 51, the plurality of first group of stripe electrodes 22a are formed with respect to the parallel linear portions of the first subgroup (elements on the horizontal centerline of FIGS. 50 and 51) and the linear portions of the first subgroup. Parallel linear portions (elements below the horizontal centerline in FIGS. 50 and 51) of the second inclined subgroup. All linear portions are inclined 2 to 88 degrees with respect to the data bus line 32. Preferably all linear portions are inclined 45 degrees with respect to data bus line 32.

The linear portion of the first subgroup and the linear portion of the second subgroup are inclined 90 degrees to each other. That is, the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group have vertical bends. The linear portions of the first subgroup are disposed symmetrically with respect to the linear portions of the second subgroup with respect to the horizontal centerline of FIGS. 50 and 51. The linear portions of the first subgroup may be arranged symmetrically alternately with respect to the linear portions of the second group with respect to one point. The first and second subgroups extend straight from one long side of the substantially rectangular pixel to the other without being curved in the middle.

50 and 52, the plurality of second group of stripe electrodes 22b are formed in parallel linear portions (elements on the horizontal centerline in FIGS. 50 and 52) of the third subgroup and in the linear portions of the third subgroup. Parallel linear portions (elements below the horizontal centerline in FIGS. 50 and 52) of the fourth subgroup inclined relative to each other. The linear portion of the third subgroup and the linear portion of the fourth subgroup are disposed at right angles to each other. The linear portions of the third subgroup are disposed symmetrically with respect to the linear portions of the fourth subgroup with respect to the horizontal centerline of FIGS. 50 and 52. Some of the linear portions of the third and fourth subgroups extend straight from one long side of the substantially rectangular pixel to the opposite long side without being bent midway.

In a given pixel, the first connection electrode 22c is disposed at the periphery of the pixel 52 (slightly inside the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 defining the pixel 52), and the first group Stripe electrodes 22a are connected to each other. On the other hand, the second connection electrode 22d is disposed at the periphery of the pixel 52 and connects the stripe electrodes 22b of the second group to each other. The first connection electrode 22c is at least partially overlapped with the second connection electrode 22d via the insulating layer 56 (FIGS. 50 and 55). This insulating layer 56 is the same as the insulating layer 50 of FIGS. 32 and 33.

As shown in Fig. 50, the width of the second connection electrode 22d is greater than the width of the first connection electrode 22c, and the first connection electrode 22c is located on the inner edge of the second connection electrode 22d. As far as possible, away from gate bus line 30 and data bus line 32 to prevent short circuits from occurring.

The first connection electrode 22c will be described in detail. The first connection electrode 22c includes connection electrode portions 22cp and 22cq connecting the ends of the first and second linear portions of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a to each other.

The connection electrode portion 22cp extends in parallel to the gate bus line 30 at the periphery of the pixel 52 and connects the ends of the first and second linear portions to each other. On the other hand, the connecting electrode portion 22cq extends intermittently in parallel with the data bus line 32 at the periphery of the pixel 52, and at least two first and second linear portions of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a are formed. The ends are connected to each other.

In particular, in the shape where the connection electrode portion 22cq is arranged in parallel with the data bus line 32 at the periphery of the pixel 52, the connection electrode portion 22cy extends in the longitudinal direction from the center of the pixel shown in FIG. Can be removed. The connecting electrode portion 22cy extending in the longitudinal direction from the center of the pixel significantly reduces the aperture ratio of the pixel. However, when the connection electrode portion 22cq is provided at the periphery of the pixel 52, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved.

By discontinuously arranging the connection electrode portion 22cq in parallel with the data bus line 32, the amount of the connection electrode portion 22cq in the vicinity of the data bus line 32 can be reduced, whereby the connection electrode portion ( The possibility of a short circuit occurring between 22cq) and the data bus line 32 can be reduced. The first connection electrode 22c further includes a connection electrode portion 22cr intermittently disposed along the horizontal center line of the pixel 52. Although not particularly required, the connection electrode portion 22cr can prevent the foreground caused by disturbance of the liquid crystal in the bent portions of the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups.

An end portion of one linear portion of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a (indicated by a in FIG. 51) is located at the edge of the short side of the pixel, and the other end portion (indicated by b in FIG. 51) is at the edge of the other short side of the pixel. Located in The almost continuous electric wire is formed to extend from the linear portion having the end a toward the other linear portion having the end b via almost all other linear portions and the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode. Specifically, the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode is disposed only in the minimum portion necessary for the electrical connection of the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group.

The second connection electrode 22d extends in parallel with the gate bus line 30 of the periphery of the pixel 52 connecting the ends of the third and fourth linear portions of the stripe electrode 22b of the second group to each other. 22dp and a connecting electrode portion 22dq extending in parallel to the data bus line 32 at the periphery of the pixel 52. The second connection electrode 22d further includes a connection electrode portion 22dr that functions as an auxiliary capacitance electrode disposed along the horizontal center line of the pixel. The connecting electrode portion 22dr can also prevent the foreground which may occur due to the disturbance of the liquid crystal in the bent portions of the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b. The connection electrode part 22dr may not be required. The second connection electrode 22d further includes an outer protrusion 22ds for connecting to similar connection electrodes of adjacent pixels at a plurality of points. These outer protrusions 22ds are part of the common bus line 40 of FIG. That is, the second connection electrode 22d of one pixel is connected to the second connection electrode 22d of the adjacent pixel by the plurality of common bus lines 40.

Fig. 53 is a plan view showing a modification of the first and second group of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and the first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d. Fig. 54 is a plan view showing a modification of the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and the first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d of the first and second groups.

53 and 54, the connecting electrode portions 22cq and 22dq of the first and second connecting electrodes 22c and 22d are disposed only at the periphery of the pixel, and no connecting electrode portion is disposed in the pixel. Thus, a bright liquid crystal display device having a large aperture ratio is obtained.

Of the connecting electrode portions 22cq disposed at the periphery of the pixels connecting the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group, the total length of the connecting electrode portions 22cq parallel to one data bus line 32 is opposite to the other buses. It is preferable that the total length of the connecting electrode portion 22cq parallel to the line is substantially the same. By doing so, the possibility of crosstalk between one data bus line 32 and the connecting electrode portion 22cq can be reduced.

Within one pixel, the area of the area having the first linear portion of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a at an angle of 2 to 88 degrees with respect to the data bus line 32 is the area having the second linear portion at the complementary angle. The area and the substantially of the same thing is good.

55A shows a comparative example of the embodiment of FIG. 56A. Fig. 55B is a cross sectional view taken along the line 55B-55B in Fig. 55A. As described above, in the liquid crystal display device having the first and second groups of stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, a horizontal electric field between the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b is obtained. F _T ) is formed, with or without the fully solid transparent electrode 18 of the opposing substrate 12.

At a position where one of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a intersects the connection electrode portion 22cq of the first connection electrode 22c at an acute angle or at a right angle, the stripe electrode 22a of the first group is Since the same potential as that of the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode 22c, a problem may arise in that the liquid crystal cannot be sufficiently driven because no horizontal electric field F _T is formed between the two members. Similarly, at a position where the second group of stripe electrodes 22b intersects the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d at an acute angle or at a right angle, the second group of stripe electrodes 22b is formed at the second position. Since the potential is the same as that of the connecting electrode portion 22dq of the connecting electrode 22d, a problem may occur in that the liquid crystal cannot be sufficiently driven because no horizontal electric field F _T is formed between the two members. The fact that the liquid crystal is not sufficiently driven because the horizontal electric field F _T is not formed can lead to the fact that the luminance of the liquid crystal display device is reduced and the aperture ratio is also reduced. On the other hand, when the connection electrode part 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d overlaps with the connection electrode part 22cq of the first connection electrode 22c, the stripe electrode 22a and the first group of the first group A horizontal electric field is formed between the connection electrode portions 22dq of the two connection electrodes 22d. However, it has been found that the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode 22c forms an obstacle to the formation of the horizontal electric field.

56A is a view showing a portion of a liquid crystal display according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 56B is a cross sectional view taken along a line 56B-56B in FIG. 56A.

In the case of Fig. 56A, one of the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group crosses the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode 22c at an acute or right angle in Fig. 55A, and the connecting electrode portion 22cq is positioned. A driving correction electrode portion 22m is provided at the position. This can usually be explained as follows. The liquid crystal display further includes a driving correction electrode part 22m intersecting with one stripe electrode 22a of the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups. The driving correction electrode portion 22m is connected to a stripe electrode 22b of a group different from the group of one first stripe electrode 22a, and has a first to one stripe electrode 22b of the specified other group. Or in the same layer as the second connection electrodes 22c and 22d.

Specifically, the first stripe electrode 22a intersects the drive correction electrode portion 22m in the same layer with the second stripe electrode 22b positioned on a different layer from the first stripe electrode 22a at an acute or right angle. The stripe electrode 22a of the first group has a potential different from that of the driving correction electrode portion 22m, and a horizontal electric field F _T is formed between the two members. Thus, it is possible to drive the liquid crystal with an improved aperture ratio.

FIG. 57 shows the structure of FIG. 55A and the transmittance of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 56A. FIG. Curve N represents the transmittance of the liquid crystal display of Fig. 55A, and curve O represents the transmittance of the liquid crystal display of Fig. 56A. In the liquid crystal display of Fig. 56A, since the liquid crystal is driven in more portions, a bright display can be obtained.

FIG. 58 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display having first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d based on the principle of FIG. 56A. In this example, the connecting electrode portion 22cy is formed at the center of the pixel, and the driving correction electrode portion 22m is disposed at the periphery of the pixel. The drive correction electrode portion 22m may exist in correspondence with the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d. Nevertheless, the driving correction electrode portion 22m cannot be connected to the stripe electrode 22b of the second group.

Fig. 59 shows an example in which the pixel is divided into four parts in the longitudinal direction by the connecting electrode portion 22cy. In a manner similar to that in Fig. 58, the driving correction electrode portion 22m is disposed at the periphery of the pixel. 58 and 59, the connecting electrode cannot be disposed at the periphery of the pixel. However, in the example described later, the connecting electrode may be disposed at the periphery of the pixel, and the driving correction electrode portion 22m may also be disposed at the periphery of the pixel.

Fig. 60 shows a case where the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of the first and second groups cross the first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d at an acute angle and include the driving correction electrode portion 22m. to be. Fig. 60 shows the vicinity of the connection electrode portions 22cq and 22dq of the first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d parallel to the data bus lines 32 on the periphery of the pixel.

60-66, the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the first connection electrode 22c are formed on the layer above the second group of stripe electrodes 22b and the second connection electrode 22d. Located. Therefore, the stripe electrode 22a and the first connection electrode 22c of the first group are shown by solid lines, while the stripe electrode 22b and the second connection electrode 22d of the second group are shown by dotted lines.

In Fig. 60, two drive correction electrode portions 22m1 and 22m2 are shown. 61 shows the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 in detail. FIG. 62 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 62-62 of FIG. 61 through the drive correction electrode portion 22m1. FIG. 63 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 63-63 of FIG. 60 through the drive correction electrode portion 22m2.

60, 61, and 62, two first and second linear portions of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a are connected to the electrode portions of the first connection electrode 22c parallel to the data bus line 32. 22cq). The driving correction electrode portion 22m1 is integrated with the connection electrode portion 22cq and extends along a straight line.

In one of the linear portions (so-called central linear portions) of the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group located in the center of Fig. 60, the connecting electrode portions 22cq connect the central linear portions with the linear portions positioned thereon, but are driven. The correction electrode portion 22m1 does not connect the central linear portion and the linear portion positioned below it. The driving correction electrode part 22m1 forms an acute angle with the linear part of the stripe electrode 22b of the 2nd group located under the center linear part. Different voltages are supplied to the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 and the linear portions of the second group of stripe electrodes 22b positioned below the driving correction electrode portion 22m1.

That is, one of the first and second linear portions of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a is connected to the connection electrode portion 22cq of the first connection electrode 22c parallel to the data bus line 32. The connecting electrode portion 22cq of the one connecting electrode 22c extends in one direction from the junction between the specific one linear portion and the connecting electrode portion, and the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 is the connecting electrode portion parallel to the data bus line. It extends in the opposite direction to 22cq and ends at a position overlapping with the nearest one of the linear portions of the plurality of second stripe electrodes 22b. Therefore, one linear portion of the stripe electrode 22b of the second group crosses the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 at an acute angle, but different voltages are supplied to both. By increasing the liquid crystal portion which can be driven, bright display can be obtained.

As shown in Fig. 62, when viewed from above, the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 protrudes inwardly from the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d by the amount of protrusion L. As shown in FIG. The drive correction electrode portion 22m1 protrudes inward from the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d to form an acute angle with the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 and the drive correction electrode portion 22m1. It is crucial to make the horizontal electric field F _T between the linear portions of the second group of stripe electrodes 22b effective. According to this embodiment, both the connecting electrode portion 22cq and the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 of the first connecting electrode 22c protrude inward of the connecting electrode portion 22dq of the second connecting electrode 22d. .

60 and 63, one linear portion of the stripe electrode 22b of the second group is connected to the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d parallel to the gate bus line, and the drive correction electrode portion 22m2. Is connected to the inside of the connecting electrode portion 22dq of the second connecting electrode 22d. Therefore, one linear portion of the stripe electrode 22a of the first group crosses the driving correction electrode portion 22m2 at an acute angle, but different voltages are supplied to both. Therefore, by increasing the liquid crystal portion that can be driven, bright display can be obtained. As shown in Fig. 63, the driving correction electrode portion 22m2 protrudes inwardly by the amount L from the linear portions of the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group as viewed from above. This projecting of the drive correction electrode portion 22m 2 is important for making the horizontal electric field F _T effective.

Fig. 64 shows the drive correction electrode portion so that the inner end of the connecting electrode portion 22cq of the first connecting electrode 22c is located in the same vertical plane as the inner end of the connecting electrode portion 22dq of the second connecting electrode 22d. Fig. 61 is a view similar to Fig. 61 in which 22m1) extends from the first group of stripe electrodes 22a. However, a recess is formed at the inner end of the connection electrode portion 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d on which the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 is located. Therefore, the driving correction electrode part 22m1 protrudes further in the horizontal direction than the connection electrode part 22dq of the second connection electrode 22d.

In Fig. 65, the taper of the linear portion of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a extends to the outer edge end of the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 closer to the data bus line 32, so that the specific data bus line The area of the portion of the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 of the same layer as the data bus line 32 located in the vicinity of 32 is minimized. As a result, the driving correction electrode portion 22m1 is less likely to be shorted with the data bus line 32.

Fig. 66 shows that the connecting electrode portion 22cp of the first connecting electrode 22c of the driving correction electrode portion 22m3 is concave, so that the connecting electrode portion 22dp of the second connecting electrode 22d is the first connecting electrode. It is a figure which shows the example which protrudes inward from the connection electrode part 22cp of (22c). The linear portions of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a intersect the drive correction electrode portions 22m3 at an acute angle.

50 also shows the drive correction electrode portion 22m1, the drive correction electrode portion 22m2, and the drive correction electrode portion 22m3. 50 also shows the drive correction electrode portion 22m4.

FIG. 67 is a diagram showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display when the protrusion amount of the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 in FIG. 62 is 0 in the configuration of FIG. As indicated by M, the decrease in transmittance was observed at the position where the stripe electrodes 22b of the second group intersect the drive correction electrode portions 22m1 at an acute angle.

FIG. 68 is a diagram showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the protrusion amount L of FIG. 62 is 2 mu m in the configuration of FIG. The drop in transmittance at position M in FIG. 67 disappeared.

FIG. 69 is a diagram showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the protrusion amount L of the drive correction electrode portion 22m2 in FIG. 63 is 0 in the configuration of FIG. As indicated by N, a decrease in transmittance was observed at the position where the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group intersect the drive correction electrode portions 22m2 at an acute angle.

FIG. 70 is a diagram showing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device when the protrusion amount L of FIG. 63 is 4 mu m in the configuration of FIG. The magnetic field of the transmittance at position N in FIG. 69 disappeared.

Fig. 71 shows the relationship between the amount of protrusion L of the drive correction electrode portion 22m1, the amount of protrusion L of the drive correction electrode portion 22m2 and the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display device. It was confirmed that the protrusion amount L of the drive correction electrode portion 22m1 should be 0.5 µm or more. Moreover, it was confirmed that it is preferable that the protrusion amount L of the drive correction electrode part 22m2 is 3 micrometers or more.

FIG. 72 is a diagram showing a reference example of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 73; FIG. 72 shows a liquid crystal display device 10 similar to the embodiment of FIG. However, in Fig. 72, the alignment layer and the polarizer are not shown. As described with reference to FIG. 32, the insulating layer 50 can prevent image sticking of the screen. However, if the insulating layer 50 is present, the voltage applied by the insulating layer 50 is divided and a low voltage is supplied to the liquid crystal, which causes a problem that a higher liquid crystal driving voltage is required.

Fig. 72 shows the orientation of liquid crystal molecules when voltage is applied. An oblique electric field is formed between the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the entire solid transparent electrode 18. A horizontal electric field is formed between the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b to promote an oblique electric field.

73 is a sectional view showing the liquid crystal display device 10 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 73 also shows a liquid crystal display 10 including an insulating layer 50 similar to the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 32 and 72. The insulating layer 50 includes a first insulating layer 50a covering the second group of stripe electrodes 22b supplied with a common voltage and a second insulation covering the stripe electrode 22a of the first group supplied with a data voltage. Layer 50b.

In Figure 73, the insulating layer 50 is formed and then partially removed. Specifically, the portion of the insulating layer 50 around the second group of stripe electrodes 22b is removed by dry etching.

FIG. 78 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the stripe electrode 22b of the second group in FIG. 73. FIG. The insulating layer 50 includes an opening 50x exposing the second group of stripe electrodes 22b. Therefore, the horizontal electric field formed between the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b is less disturbed by the insulating layer 50, so that the liquid crystal driving voltage can be prevented from decreasing.

FIG. 74 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display device 10 of FIG. 73. In Figure 74, the insulating layer 50 is formed and then partially removed. Specifically, the portion of the insulating layer 50 (second insulating layer 50b) on the periphery of the first group of stripe electrodes 22a is removed by dry etching. Thus, the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the whole are removed. Since the oblique electric field formed between the solid transparent electrodes 18 is not disturbed by the insulating layer 50, the liquid crystal driving voltage can be prevented from being lowered.

After the insulating layer 50 is formed, the portion of the insulating layer 50 on the periphery of the stripe electrode 22a of the first group and the portion of the insulating layer 50 on the periphery of the stripe electrode 22b of the second group can also be effectively removed. Can be.

75 to 77 show light transmittances of the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 72 to 74, respectively. For example, in Fig. 75, the light transmittance is about 15% for a voltage of 6V. In FIG. 76, the light transmittance is about 15% for a voltage of 6V, and there is no substantial change from the result of FIG. In FIG. 77, the light transmittance is about 20% for a voltage of 6V, which is significantly different from the result of FIG. Thus, it can be seen that the driving voltage can be reduced.

In the liquid crystal display shown in Fig. 72, an oblique electric field is formed from the first stripe electrode 22a toward the entire solid transparent electrode 18 of the opposing substrate 12. The electric field is substantially perpendicular to the entire solid transparent electrode 18 near the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group.

In this regard, as shown in FIG. 79, the entire solid transparent electrode 18 is replaced with the third group of stripe electrodes 18a at the position of the substrate 12 in the opposite relationship to the second group of stripe electrodes 22b. . By doing this, an oblique electric field can be effectively formed between the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group and the stripe electrodes 18a of the third group. However, in the configuration of FIG. 79, if a displacement occurs between the electrodes due to the displacement between the substrates 12 and 14, a problem of considerable irregularity arises in the relationship between the voltage and the transmittance.

80 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, one substrate 14 includes the first group of stripe electrodes 22a and the second group of stripe electrodes 22b, and the other substrate 12 is the second group of stripe electrodes 22b. The total solid transparent electrode 18 and the third group of striped electrodes 18a in opposing relations are included. Specifically, only the portion of the entire solid transparent electrode 18 constitutes the high resistance electrode portion 18x, and the portion where the entire solid transparent electrode 18 and the third group of stripe electrodes 18a overlap with each other is the electrode portion 18y. ) Makes low resistance. For example, the whole solid transparent electrode 18 is formed by sputtering ITO to a thickness of 200 to 300 kPa, and heat-treated so as not to be removed by the etching solution. Thereafter, the stripe electrodes 18a of the third group are sputtered to a thickness of, for example, 2000 microseconds, and etched using a mask.

When voltage is applied, electric charge is first accumulated in the low resistance electrode portion 18y, so that an electric field is formed between the low resistance electrode portion 18y and the first group of stripe electrodes 22a, so that the liquid crystal mainly depends on the electric field. Move. The high resistance electrode portion 18x is actually equipotential to the low resistance electrode portion 18y. Therefore, as time passes, charges also accumulate in the high resistance electrode portion 18x. That is, the electric field is formed to the extent that the liquid crystal reacts. Thus, the liquid crystal display of FIG. 80 can operate at the same low driving voltage as the liquid crystal display of FIG. Since the liquid crystal display of Fig. 80 includes the entire solid transparent electrode 18, even if there is a displacement between the substrates, the voltage-transmittance characteristic is not changed so much.

81 to 84 show a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. These examples use a stripe structure or a mesh structure including a plurality of transparent stripe lines having the same resistance instead of the entire solid transparent electrode, as shown in FIG. 81, so that the high resistance electrode portion 18x and the low resistance electrode portion ( 18y). The low resistance electrode part 18y is shown by the thick line, and the high resistance electrode part 18x is shown by the thin line.

82 and 83 show an example in which the high resistance electrode portion 18x and the low resistance electrode portion 18y have a striped linear structure. The thin line structure is disposed to cover the stripe electrodes 22a of the first group, and the structure shown by the thick lines is disposed in the opposite relationship to the stripe electrodes 22b of the second group. The thick line may be as thick as the stripe electrodes 22b of the second group. Specifically, it is effective to set the thick line to at least twice the half of the stripe electrodes 22b of the second group.

84 shows an example in which the high resistance electrode portion 18x and the low resistance electrode portion 18y have a mesh linear structure. 83 and 84, the portion of the figure above the wrinkled line represents a pattern on the opposing substrate, and the portion of the figure below the wrinkled line represents a pattern on the TFT substrate. The portion corresponding to the stripe electrode 22b of the second group has a thick stripe electrode and is set to low resistance. In a space provided with a thin stripe electrode in the middle, the resistance is high so that electric charge cannot be accumulated immediately and an electric field is not easily formed. On the other hand, the mesh linear structure shown in FIG. 84 allows the electric field to be applied more uniformly than the stripe linear structure in FIG. In the high resistance electrode portion 18x, the width of the stripe or mesh linear structure is 3 mu m or less, while in the low resistance electrode portion 18y, the width of the stripe or mesh linear structure is 3 mu m or more.

FIG. 85 is a schematic diagram showing a liquid crystal display device illustrating a problem of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. The liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates 12 and 14 (for example, see FIG. 1) attached to the peripheral sealant 66, respectively. The peripheral sealing material 66 is provided with the liquid crystal injection hole 68 which is closed at the end after liquid crystal injection. The liquid crystal is injected from the liquid crystal injection hole 68, and when the liquid crystal flows away from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 toward the end, impurities with the liquid crystal flow out of the alignment layer and recovered at the end far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68. do. As a result, the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 can form a display failure region due to the reduced voltage retention.

86 and 87 are cross-sectional views showing a liquid crystal display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. One substrate 12 has a dielectric layer 36 and the other substrate 14 has an insulating layer 50. Dielectric layer 36 and insulating layer 50 are removed in region 70 away from liquid crystal injection hole 68. Therefore, the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 constitutes a region having a wide cell space of the liquid crystal cell. In addition, since the black matrix 72 covers the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68, the specific region is set as the non-display region.

The dielectric layer 36 is formed of PC403 resin made of JSR, and has a thickness of 3 μm to 5 μm. The insulating layer is formed of SiN. Thus, the liquid crystal layer 16 has a thickness of 4 μm, and the cell space size of the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 is about 8 μm. As a result, the width of the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 can be reduced from 4 mm to 2 mm. Therefore, the region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 may be covered with the black matrix 72 without changing the area of the display region. The region 70 far from the liquid crystal injection hole 68 may be located adjacent to or near the side facing the side having the liquid crystal injection hole 68.

As described above, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having no foreground and excellent visual characteristics can be manufactured.

88 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 89 is a sectional view taken along line 89-89 in FIG. 88; 90 is a view showing conductive members of an upper layer and a lower layer of a liquid crystal display.

The liquid crystal display includes glass substrates 12 and 14 disposed to face each other, liquid crystals disposed between the glass substrates 12 and 14, and polarizers (not shown) disposed on both sides of the glass substrates 12 and 14. do. The glass substrate 14 includes a plurality of gate bus lines 30 arranged in parallel with each other, a plurality of data bus lines 32, TFTs 34, and stripes of a first group that cross the gate bus lines 30 at right angles. It is a TFT substrate which has the electrode 22a and the stripe electrode 22b of a 2nd group. The TFT 34 includes a gate electrode 34g, a drain electrode 34d and a source electrode 34s. The auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 is disposed over the gate bus line 30. The auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 forms an auxiliary capacitance with the corresponding gate bus line 30 below it.

The rectangular region defined by the two gate bus lines 30 and the two data bus lines 32 constitutes one pixel region. 88 and 90 show one pixel area of the liquid crystal display. The glass substrate 14 includes 2400 (800 × 3 (RGB)) pixel areas in the horizontal direction and 600 pixel areas in the vertical direction. According to the present embodiment, one pixel region includes therein one stripe electrode 22a disposed in a vertical position at the center thereof, and two stripe electrodes 22b are disposed on a horizontal plane. The features of this embodiment can be applied to the liquid crystal display device including the solid transparent electrode as shown in FIG. 1 as well as to the liquid crystal display device not including the solid transparent electrode 18 as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 90, solid lines represent conductive members (electrodes, bus lines, etc.) of the upper layer, and dotted lines represent conductive members (electrodes, bus lines, etc.) of the lower layer. As shown in Fig. 90, the gate bus line 30, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34, and the second stripe electrode 22b are formed in the lower layer. The gate electrode 34g is connected to the upper line of the two gate bus lines 30 defining the pixel region, and the second stripe electrode 22b is connected to the lower gate bus line 30.

As shown in FIG. 89, an interlayer insulating film 50a of SiN is formed on the gate bus line 30 of the lower layer, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34, and the second stripe electrode 22b. The upper conductive member disposed on the interlayer insulating film 50a includes an amorphous silicon film 34a constituting the TFT 34, a channel protective film 34b, an amorphous silicon film 34c in which impurities are introduced, and a drain electrode 34d. ) And source electrode 34s.

The drain electrode 34d is connected to the data bus line 32 on the left side of the pixel region. The source electrode 34s is connected to the upper end portion of the first stripe electrode 22a via a portion extending in parallel to the gate bus line 30 (first connection electrode 22c described above). Specifically, according to this embodiment, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34 is electrically connected to the nth data bus line 32, and the drain electrode 34d is the mth data bus line 32. Is electrically connected to, and the source electrode 34s is electrically connected to the first stripe electrode 22a. The second stripe electrodes 22b are arranged at intervals with respect to the first stripe electrodes 22a, and are electrically connected to the (n + 1) th gate bus lines.

The protective film 50b of SiN is formed on the conductive member of the upper layer formed of the data bus line 32, the drain electrode 34d, the source electrode 34s, the first stripe electrode 22a and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23. Is formed. The alignment layer 24 is formed on the protective film 50b. The surface of the alignment layer 24 is rubbed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first stripe electrode 22a.

The alignment layer 20 is also formed in the glass substrate 12.

The alignment layer 20 is also rubbed in the same direction as the alignment layer 24. Spherical or cylindrical spacers (not shown) are inserted between the glass substrates 12 and 14 to secure a constant gap.

In the case of a color liquid crystal display device, although not shown in FIG. 89, a color filter and a black matrix are formed on the glass substrate 12. As shown in FIG.

91A is a view showing a method of driving the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 88 to 90. FIG. FIG. 91B is a diagram showing how a voltage is applied to the gate bus line 30 of FIGS. 91B, the reference voltage Vb for determining the potential of the second stripe electrode 22b at the time of display data writing to the gate bus line 30 at an appropriate timing, and the first voltage for turning on the TFT 34 ( The second voltage Va for turning off Vc and the TFT 34 is supplied.

91A shows four pixels arranged in the vertical direction. Pixel A is just after data is written, pixel B is data written, pixel C is next data written, and pixel D is data written after pixel C Assume that 88 to 90, the gate bus lines 30 are represented by G ₁ to G ₅ , the data bus lines 32 are represented by D ₁ and D ₂ , and the TFT 34 is TFT ₁ to TFT _4. The first stripe electrode 22a is represented by S ₁ to S ₄ , and the second stripe electrode 22b is represented by C ₁ to C ₄ .

In this liquid crystal display, a plurality of gate lines G ₁ , G ₂ ,... Arranged in the vertical direction are supplied with a scanning signal from top to bottom at a timing coinciding with the vertical synchronization signal. The data signal is supplied to the pixel to which the scanning signal is supplied via the data bus lines D ₁ , D ₂ ,..., So that specific display data is written to the specific pixel.

For example, is applied to the pixel in order to write data to (B), + 15V pulse voltage signal (scan signal), a gate bus line (G ₂₎ and turns on the TFT ₂ for a predetermined time. On the other hand, a voltage of -5 V to +5 V is applied to the data bus line D ₁ as display data while the TFT ₂ is on. In this process, a voltage of −10 V is supplied to the gate bus lines G ₁ , G ₄ , and G ₅ to turn off the TFTs ₁ and TFT ₄ of the pixels A and D. In addition, the second stripe electrode C ₂ of the pixel B is set to 0V. In other words, the gate bus line G ₃ becomes 0V.

As shown in FIG. 91A, when voltage is applied to the gate bus lines G ₁ to G ₅ and the data bus lines D ₁ , display data (a signal within a range of ± 5 V) to the first stripe electrode S ₂ is applied. The TFT ₂ is turned on so that is written. At the same time, in the pixels A and D, since the gate bus lines G ₁ and G ₄ are both -10V, both the TFT ₁ and the TFT ₄ are turned off. Therefore, the display data supplied to the data bus line D ₁ is not written to the pixels A and D.

On the other hand, in the pixel C, since the gate voltage of the TFT ₃ is 0 V, when the voltage of the display data applied to the data bus line D ₁ is negative, the TFT ₃ is turned on to the first stripe electrode S ₃ . Undesirable display data is written. However, display data is written into the pixel C during the next vertical synchronization period. Therefore, even if the display data is incorrectly written to the pixel C at the same time while the display data is written to the pixel B, the correct display data is written to the pixel C during the next vertical synchronization period. Therefore, the effect of the wrong write operation can be actually ignored.

After completing the operation to write display data into the pixel (B), and then a voltage of -10V is supplied to the gate bus line (G ₂₎ of the vertical synchronization period, the voltage of the gate bus line to + 15V (G ₃₎ A voltage of 0 V is supplied to the gate bus line G ₄ . As a result, the TFT ₂ of the pixel B is turned off, and the first stripe electrode S ₂ is in a so-called floating state. At the same time, the voltage of the second stripe electrode C ₂ is from 0V to -10V, but is written to the first stripe electrode S ₂ between the first stripe electrode S ₂ and the second stripe electrode C ₂ . An electric field of intensity corresponding to the displayed display data is generated. This state is maintained because the first stripe electrode S ₂ is floating. Therefore, since the liquid crystal molecules of the pixel B are oriented in the direction corresponding to the direction and intensity of the electric field, the transmittance of the pixel B is determined. The electric field strength between the first stripe electrode S ₂ and the second stripe electrode C ₂ is maintained until the gate bus line G ₂ becomes 0V.

In this embodiment, the voltage difference between the first stripe electrodes 22a (S ₁ , S ₂ ,...) And the second stripe electrodes 22b, 22b (C ₁ , C ₂ ,... Varies between periods. Nevertheless, for example, when there are 600 gate bus lines, since the same voltage difference is maintained for a time corresponding to 598/600 of one frame, the first stripe electrode 22a (S ₁ , S ₂ ,...) The degradation in display quality due to the change in voltage difference between the second and second stripe electrodes 22b and 22b (C ₁ , C ₂ ,...) Can actually be ignored.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment, since the second stripe electrode 22b is connected to the gate bus line 30, the common line (shown as 40 in FIG. 20, etc.) required in the prior art is the second stripe electrode. It is not necessary to keep the potential of 22b constant. Thus, the portion of the pixel area contributing to the display is considerably increased to further increase the aperture ratio. In this way, bright display of an image is possible with high contrast.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the second stripe electrode 22b is formed to partially overlap with the data bus line 32, there is an advantage that light leakage does not occur between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32. have.

Both the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are preferably formed of the conductive member of the upper layer. Alternatively, the second stripe electrode 22b may be formed of a conductive member of the lower layer. When the second stripe electrode 22b is formed of the conductive member of the lower layer, the second stripe electrode 22b is preferably formed to partially overlap the data bus line 32. As a result, leakage of light can be avoided from the gap between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32.

FIG. 92 is a plan view illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 88. 93 is a view showing conductive members of upper and lower layers of the liquid crystal display. In Fig. 93, the solid line represents the conductive member of the upper layer, and the dotted line represents the conductive member of the lower layer. This embodiment is basically similar to the embodiment of Figs. 88 to 90, but differs in that each pixel area includes the first and second TFTs 34x and 34y. The first and second TFTs 34x and 34y are disposed close to each other in the upper left portion of each pixel region.

The first and second TFTs 34x and 34y each include a gate electrode 34g, a drain electrode 34d and a source electrode 34s. The gate electrode 34g extends long from the upper gate bus line 30 and is shared by the first and second TFTs 34x and 34y. The drain electrode 34d of the first TFT 34x is connected to the data bus line 32, and the source electrode 34s of the first TFT 34x is connected to the first stripe electrode 22a.

The drain electrode 34d of the second TFT 34y is connected to the lower gate bus line 30 via the common line 40a, and the source electrode 34s of the second TFT 34y is the second stripe electrode ( 22b). The common line 40a extends from the lower gate bus line 30 to the lower side of the drain electrode 34d of the second TFT 34y in parallel with the data bus line 32, and the drain electrode 34d is formed by the through hole. Is connected to.

In this embodiment, the conductive member of the lower layer includes the gate bus line 30, the gate electrode 34g and the common line 40a shared by the first and second TFTs 34x and 34y. On the other hand, the conductive member of the upper layer is the data bus line 32, the drain electrode 34d, the source electrode 34s, the first stripe electrode 22a, and the second stripe of the first and second TFTs 34x and 34y. An electrode 22b and an auxiliary capacitance electrode 23; The source electrode 34s of the first TFT 34x partially overlaps the upper gate bus line 30 of the pixel region, and the common line 40a on the left side has the data bus line 32 and the second stripe electrode on the left side ( Partially overlap with 22b). Meanwhile, the right common line 40a partially overlaps the right data bus line 32 and the second stripe electrode 22b, and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 partially overlaps the lower gate bus line 30. .

94 is a view showing a driving method of the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 92 and 93; Four pixels are shown in vertical parallel. The gate bus line 30 is supplied with the voltage shown in FIG. 91B. Pixel A is just after data is written, pixel B is data written, pixel C is next data written, and pixel D is data written after pixel C Assume that 94, TFT ₁₁ , TFT ₁₂ ,... , TFT ₄₁ , TFT ₄₂ represent first and second TFTs 34x, 34y of each pixel.

For example, to write data to the pixel B, a pulse signal (scan signal) voltage of + 15V is applied to the gate bus line G ₂ to turn on the TFT ₂₁ and the TFT ₂₂ for a predetermined time. On the other hand, a voltage in the range of -5 V to +5 V is supplied to the data bus line D ₁ as display data while the TFT ₂₁ and the TFT ₂₂ are on. In this process, a voltage of -10 V is applied to the gate bus lines G ₁ and G ₄ to turn off the TFTs ₁₁ , TFT ₁₂ , TFT _41, and TFT ₄₂ of the pixels A and D. In addition, in order to reduce the second stripe electrode C ₂ of the pixel B to 0V, the voltage of the gate bus line G ₃ is reduced to 0V.

When voltages as shown in FIG. 94 are supplied to the gate bus lines G ₁ to G ₅ and the data bus lines D ₁ , the TFT ₂₁ and the TFT ₂₂ are turned on, and the first stripe electrode S _{2 is} provided. While display data (signal within a range of ± 5 V) is supplied, 0 V is supplied to the second stripe electrode C ₂ . As a result, since an electric field parallel to the substrate is generated between the first stripe electrode S ₂ and the second stripe electrode C ₂ , the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the pixel B is changed, and the first stripe electrode ( The transmittance of the pixel B changes according to the intensity of the electric field between S ₂ ) and the second stripe electrode C ₂ .

In this process, since the gate bus lines G ₁ and G ₄ are all −10 V, the TFTs ₁₁ , TFT ₁₂ , TFT _41, and TFT ₄₂ of the pixels A and D are all turned off. Therefore, the display data supplied to the data bus line D ₁ is not written to the pixels A and D.

On the other hand, in the pixel C, the gate voltages of the TFT ₃₁ and the TFT ₃₂ are 0V. Therefore, when the voltage of the display data supplied to the data bus line D ₁ is negative, the TFT ₃₁ and the TFT ₃₂ are turned on, so that the display data is undesirably written to the first stripe electrode S ₃ . However, display data is written into the pixel C during the next vertical synchronization period. Therefore, even if the display data is written to the pixel B and the display data is incorrectly written to the pixel C, the correct display data is written to the pixel C during the next vertical synchronization period, so that the influence of the wrong write operation is actually ignored. Can be.

After completing the writing operation of display data to the pixel (B), of the next vertical synchronization period, a gate bus line voltage of -10V to (G ₂₎ is supplied to a gate bus line (G ₃₎ to a voltage supply of + 15V Then, a voltage of 0 V is supplied to the gate bus line G ₄ .

As a result, since the TFT ₂₁ and the TFT ₂₂ of the pixel B are turned off, the first stripe electrode S ₂ and the second stripe electrode C ₂ become floating. Thus, the electrodes S ₂ and C ₂ hold charge for the data write operation.

According to this embodiment, the second TFT 34y (TFT ₁₂ , TFT ₂₂ ,...) Is turned on, and the voltage of the second stripe electrode 22b is set to 0 V only during the data write operation, and when the write operation is completed. Since the second TFT 34y is turned off, the second stripe electrode 22b is electrically disconnected from the gate bus line 30. As a result, in addition to the effect similar to the previous embodiment, there is an advantage that the potential change between the data writing operation and the data holding time can be avoided.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the source electrode 34s partially overlaps the upper gate bus line 30 in the pixel region, and the common line 40a on the left side has the data bus line 32 and the second stripe electrode on the left side. Partially overlaps the 22b, the common line 40a on the right overlaps the data bus line 32 and the second stripe electrode 22b on the right, and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 overlaps the lower gate bus line 30. Partially overlapping Therefore, light leakage from the area in the vicinity of the data bus line 32 and the gate bus line 30 can be more reliably avoided.

Further, according to this embodiment, only the alignment layer is formed on the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. Therefore, an electric field easily acts on the liquid crystal as compared with the previous embodiment in which a protective film (insulating film) is present between the second stripe electrode 22b and the alignment layer, and thus accumulates at the boundary between the alignment layer on the electrode and the insulating film. There is an advantage that the display degradation that may be caused by a charged charge is avoided.

FIG. 95 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the method of driving the liquid crystal display of FIG. 94. In this embodiment, the TFTs TFT ₁₁ , TFT ₂₁ , TFT ₃₁ , TFT ₄₁ inserted between the data bus line D ₁ and the first stripe electrodes S ₁ , S ₂ ,... TFTs (TFT ₁₂ , TFT ₂₂ , TFT ₃₂ , TFT ₄₂ ) disposed in and interposed between the gate bus lines G ₁ , G ₂ ,... And the second stripe electrodes C ₁ , C ₂ ,. It is disposed in the lower left of the area. The operation of the liquid crystal display device is the same as in the preceding embodiment.

In the liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, the thin film transistor is connected between the second stripe electrode and the gate bus line. Therefore, the voltage change of the second stripe electrode in the data writing operation and the data holding time is avoided. Further, in this liquid crystal display device, the second stripe electrode is usually formed in the same layer as the source electrode of the second thin film transistor, that is, the conductive member of the upper layer. In this case, a common line connecting the drain electrode and the gate bus line of the second thin film transistor is required as the conductive member of the lower layer. By forming a common line so that the data bus line and the second stripe electrode partially overlap each other, it is possible to shield the light leakage from the gap between the data bus line and the second stripe electrode.

By this driving method, the liquid crystal display device can be driven with an improved aperture ratio without a common line.

FIG. 96 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 97 is a plan view showing a pattern of a conductive layer of the lower glass substrate of FIG. 96, and FIG. 98 is a line 98-98 of FIG. It is a cross section taken along. The liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment includes a pair of glass substrates 12 and 14, a liquid crystal 16 disposed between the glass substrates 12 and 14, and a polarizer (not shown).

The glass substrate 14 includes a plurality of gate bus lines 30 arranged in parallel to each other, a plurality of common bus lines 40b arranged in parallel to the gate bus lines 30, and a plurality of gate bus lines 30 that cross at right angles. Includes a data bus line 32. The plurality of rectangular areas defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 constitute a pixel area. The pixel areas are arranged, for example, at a pitch of 100 mu m in the horizontal direction and at a pitch of 300 mu m in the vertical direction.

Each pixel region includes a TFT 34, a first stripe electrode 22a, a second stripe electrode 22b, and auxiliary capacitance electrodes 23 disposed at upper and lower ends of the pixel region. The gate bus line 30, the common bus line 40b, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34, the second stripe electrode 22b and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 are formed in the lower conductive layer. The gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34 is connected to the gate bus line 30, the second stripe electrodes 22b are all connected to the common bus line 40b, and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 is the second stripe. It is connected to the upper end of the electrode 22b.

On the other hand, the gate bus line 30, the drain electrode 34d and the source electrode 34s of the TFT 34, the first stripe electrode 22a and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 are all formed on the upper conductive layer. The drain electrode 34d is connected to the data bus line 32, the source electrode 34s extends in the horizontal direction, and is connected to the first stripe electrode 22a, and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 is the first stripe electrode 22a. Is connected to the lower end of the

An interlayer insulating layer (not shown) is formed between the conductive layer constituting the lower layer and the conductive layer constituting the upper layer, and an alignment layer (not shown) is formed on the conductive layer constituting the upper layer. The auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 having the source electrode 34s thereon and the common bus line 40b and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 thereon constitute an auxiliary capacitance.

In addition, a black matrix 80 made of a metal compound having low reflectance, chromium oxide, metal, or the like is formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate 12 in parallel with the data bus line 32. In this embodiment, the width W ₁ of the data bus line 32 is 4 μm, and the width W ₂ of the black matrix 80 is set to 8 μm. In addition, the blue color filter 82B, the red color filter 82R, and the green color filter 82G are formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate 12. In this embodiment, for example, the blue color filter 82B is formed in 3n (n is 1, 2, ...) columns of the pixel region, the red color filter 82R is formed in 3n + 1 columns of the pixel region, and green The color filter 82G is formed in 3n + 2 columns of the pixel region. The width W ₄ of the color filters 82R, 82G, and 82B is 110 μm.

As shown in FIG. 98, the color filters 82B, 82R, and 82G extend to some extent adjacent pixels below the black matrix 80. As shown in FIG. More specifically, the blue and green color filters 82B and 82G overlap each other, the blue and red color filters 82B and 82R overlap each other, or the green and red color filters 82G and 82R are below the black matrix 80. Overlap each other. The width W ₃ of each overlapped portion of the two color filters is 10 μm, which is set larger than the width W ₂ of the black matrix 80. The thickness of the color filters 82B, 82R, and 82G is 0.1 to 2 mu m. In this particular case, it is assumed that the thicknesses of the color filters 82B, 82R, and 82G are 1 mu m.

An effect of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this liquid crystal display device, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by an electric field between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. However, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules existing between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32 on the left side and between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32 on the right side is the first stripe. It cannot be controlled by the electric field between the electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. Therefore, light entering the liquid crystal layer from the gap between them (about 2 mu m wide) tends to leak through the opposite side.

In this embodiment, two different color color filters (color filters 82R and 82G in Fig. 99) overlap under the black matrix 80. Since light entering from the lower surface of the glass substrate 14 is leaked upward of the glass substrate 12, a specific light leakage follows the path shown by the arrow of FIG. Specifically, light entering the liquid crystal layer from the gap between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32 is transmitted through the overlapping portions of the color filters 82R and 82G, so as to be placed on the surface of the black matrix 80. Reflected. The reflected light is reflected on the second stripe electrode 22b through the overlapping portions of the color filters 82R and 82G. This reflected light is emitted to the glass substrate 12 through the color filters 82R and 82G. In this case, light leakage penetrates the overlapped portions of the color filters 82R and 82G three times.

Cold cathode ray tubes, which are typically used as backlights for liquid crystal displays, have high peaks with wavelengths corresponding to red, green, and blue, and light passing through the red color filter 82R is green or blue in color. It is easy to be absorbed by the filters 82G and 82B. Similarly, light passing through the green color filter 82G is easily absorbed by the red or blue color filters 82R and 82G, and light passing through the blue color filter 82B is red or green color filters 82R and 82G. It is easy to be absorbed by). Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment, the intensity of light leakage is extremely reduced, and the reduction in image quality can be avoided.

100 illustrates a cross-talk between the liquid crystal display device A according to the present embodiment, a conventional liquid crystal display device C including a black matrix made of a metal film, and a conventional liquid crystal display device B including a black matrix formed of a resin ( It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the amount of light leakage by crosstalk. As shown in Fig. 100, the luminance of the present embodiment (A) is very low at 0.1 or less, while the luminance is about 4.3 for the metal black matrix and about 1.6 for the resin black matrix. This shows that this embodiment is very effective for reducing crosstalk.

As described above, the features of this embodiment are characterized by a black matrix 80 of metal or metal compound for shielding between pixel regions and color filters 82R, 82G, and 82B that determine the color of light transmitted to each pixel region. have. Color filters 82R, 82G, and 82B extend over the black matrix 80 from one pixel region to an adjacent pixel region, and the black matrix 80 is covered with at least two color filters, and the overlapping portion of the two color filters. and the width (W ₃₎ greater than the width (W ₂₎ of the black matrix with other features.

In this configuration, the amount of light reflected on the black matrix can be significantly reduced by overlapping at least two color filters on the black matrix. Since the overlapped portion of the color filter is used as part of the black matrix, crosstalk resulting from reflection on the black matrix can be prevented without increasing the number of manufacturing processes. The feature of the present embodiment is that it is applied not only to the liquid crystal display device having the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b but also to the TN type liquid crystal display device having the auxiliary capacitance electrode made of metal.

In a liquid crystal display device having pixels having color filters of the same color placed side by side in the vertical direction, the color filters are in the form of stripes of RGB, and overlapping portions of the color filters are parallel to the data bus lines. On the other hand, in the case of the liquid crystal display device having the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, crosstalk caused by reflection on the black matrix can be more reliably prevented by extending the overlapping portions of the color filters onto the second stripe electrode. Can be.

107 and 108 illustrate the occurrence of crosstalk. For example, when a white rectangle is displayed on a black background, as shown in FIG. 107, white bands occur at the upper and lower portions (hatched portions in the figure) of the white rectangle. This phenomenon is more certain when viewing images in an oblique direction. As shown in FIG. 108, this phenomenon occurs in the fact that light transmitted through the gap between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32 is transmitted through the liquid crystal display device.

When black is displayed over the entire screen, the voltage of the data bus line 32 is almost equal to the voltage of the second stripe electrode 22b. Since the electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal between the data bus line 32 and the second stripe electrode 22b, there is no leakage. In contrast, when a white rectangle is displayed on a black background, a voltage is applied to the data bus line, so that an electric field is formed between the second stripe electrode 22b and the data bus line 32 in the region above and below the portion where the white rectangle is displayed. Occurs. Thus, liquid crystal molecules are oriented according to this electric field.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 108, the polarized light entering the liquid crystal layer from the lower surface of the substrate 14 is reflected on the surface of the black matrix 80, and also reflected on the surface of the second stripe electrode 22b, so that the color filter ( 82 and the glass substrate 12 are penetrated. This leakage makes the area that should be originally black slightly whiter. This phenomenon is called crosstalk.

In order to prevent crosstalk, the black matrix is formed using resin mixed with a black pigment. Since the black matrix made of resin has a low light absorption rate, it does not sufficiently prevent light leakage, thereby causing a problem that the overall contrast is lowered. Alternatively, the resin black matrix is disposed over the metal black matrix. However, this method increases the number of processes, which complicates the manufacturing method, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost.

TN type liquid crystal display devices are also accompanied by an image sticking phenomenon. In this phenomenon, for example, as shown in Fig. 109, after a white rectangle is displayed for a long time on a black background, it is assumed that the entire surface is switched to the halftone portion (gray) display. The parts so far marked black and the parts so far marked white differ in luminance.

Some embodiments of the present invention are to reduce crosstalk and improve image sticking. FIG. 101 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 102 is a plan view showing a conductive layer pattern of a lower substrate of the liquid crystal display shown in FIG. 101, and FIG. 103 is 103-103 of FIG. A cross section taken along the line. The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal 16 fixed between the pair of substrates 12 and 14. In FIG. 101, only one black matrix 80 is shown, and the black matrixes on both data bus lines are not shown.

According to the present embodiment, the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 are formed on the glass substrate 14. The plurality of rectangular areas defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 constitute a pixel area. The pixel region is arranged at a pitch of 100 mu m in the horizontal direction and at a pitch of 300 mu m in the vertical direction.

Each pixel region is formed of a TFT 34, an auxiliary capacitance electrode 23, and a pixel electrode 84. The gate bus line 30, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 are formed in the conductive layer constituting the lower layer. As shown in FIG. 103, a layer insulating film 50a is formed on the gate bus line 30, the gate electrode 34g, and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23. As shown in FIG. The conductive layer constituting the upper layer on the layer insulating film 50a is formed of the data bus line 32 and the drain electrode 34d and the source electrode 34s of the TFT 34. The protective film 50b is formed on the data bus line 32, the drain electrode 34d and the source electrode 34s. A pixel electrode 84 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed on the protective film 50b. The alignment layer 24 is formed on the pixel electrode 84.

The gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34 is connected to the gate bus line 30, and the drain electrode 34d is connected to the data bus line 32. In addition, the source electrode 34s of the TFT 34 is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 84 via a contact hole (not shown).

The auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 has an H shape having a width of 34 μm in the horizontal direction and 4 μm in the vertical direction. The interval between the vertical portion of the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 and the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 is, for example, 2 m.

On the other hand, the glass substrate 12 is formed of the black matrix 80. This black matrix 80 is formed on the data bus line 32 at a wider width than the data bus line 32. In addition, the glass substrate 12 is formed of the red color filter 82R, the green color filter 82G, and the blue color filter 82B. In this embodiment, the red color filter 82R is disposed in 3n (n is 1, 2, ...) columns of each pixel region, and the green color filter 82G is disposed in 3n + 1 columns of each pixel region, and the blue color The filter 82B is disposed in 3n + 2 columns of each pixel region. The color filters 82R, 82G, and 82B extend along the lower surface of the black matrix 80 to adjacent pixel regions. Specifically, two color filters having different colors overlap each other on the bottom surface of the black matrix 80. In addition, a counter electrode 86 made of ITO is formed under the color filters 82R, 82G, and 82B, and an alignment layer 20 is formed on the counter electrode 86.

In this liquid crystal display device, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the voltage applied between the pixel electrode 84 and the counter electrode 86, thereby controlling the transmittance of each pixel region. According to this embodiment, the width W ₁ of each data bus line 32 is 4 μm, the width W ₂ of the black matrix 80 is 8 μm, and the color filters 82R, 82G, 82B The width W ₄ is 130 μm, and the width W ₃ of the overlapped portion of the color filter is 15 μm. The overlapped portion of the color filter covers the region formed by the TFT 34 and the region between the vertical portion of the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 and the data bus line 32.

Further, according to the present embodiment, as described above, the overlapped portion of the color filter covers the region formed by the TFT 34 and the region between the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 and the data bus line 32. Therefore, as in the previous embodiment, light leakage is reduced, and excellent display of high contrast is obtained.

FIG. 104 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 105 is a sectional view taken along the line 105-105 in FIG. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of glass substrates 12 and 14 and a liquid crystal and a polarizer (not shown) enclosed between the pair of glass substrates 12 and 14. The glass substrate 14 is formed of a gate bus line 30, a data bus line 32, and first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b. The plurality of rectangular regions defined by the gate bus line 30 and the data bus line 32 each constitute a pixel region.

Each pixel region has an auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 electrically connecting the lower ends of the TFT 34, the two first stripe electrodes 22a, the three second stripe electrodes 22b, and the two first stripe electrodes 22a. And the auxiliary capacitance electrode 23 electrically connecting the upper ends of the three second stripe electrodes 22b.

The gate bus line 30, the common bus line 40a, the gate electrode 34g of the TFT 34 and the second stripe electrode 22b are formed in the lower conductive layer. The gate electrode 34g is connected to the gate bus line 30, and the stripe electrode 22b is connected to the common bus line 40a.

An interlayer insulating film 50a is formed on the gate bus line 30, the common bus line 40a, the gate electrode 34g, and the second stripe electrode 22b, as shown in FIG. An amorphous silicon film 34a constituting the TFT 34, an amorphous silicon film 34c into which impurities are introduced, a drain electrode 34d and a source electrode 34s are formed on the layer insulating film 50a. The gate electrode 34g is connected to the data bus line 32 on the left side of the pixel region. On the other hand, the source electrode 34s extends in parallel to the gate bus line 30 and is connected to two first stripe electrodes 22a.

A protective film (insulation layer) 50b made of SiN is an upper conductive layer formed of a data bus line 32, a drain electrode 34d, a source electrode 34s, a first stripe electrode 22a and an auxiliary capacitance electrode 23. Formed on the layer. An alignment layer 24 having a thickness of 500 kPa is formed on the protective film 50b. The surface of the alignment layer 24 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a direction substantially perpendicular to or substantially parallel to the first stripe electrode 22a (for example, in a 75 degree or 34 degree direction). According to this embodiment, the volume resistivity of the alignment layer 24 is about ¹⁰ 10 ~ 10 ¹¹ Ωm. For example, the alignment layer uses polyamic acid groups.

In addition, the alignment layer 20 is formed in the glass substrate 12 with a thickness of 500 kPa. In addition, the surface of this alignment layer 20 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in the same direction as the alignment layer 24. However, the alignment layer 20 is preferably formed of a material having a higher volume resistivity than the alignment layer 24. In this embodiment, the volume resistivity of the alignment layer 20 is about 10 ¹³ Ωcm. An alignment layer of soluble polyimide can be used. For example, the polyimide which has a 5-membered ring made from JSR can be used. Even with the alignment film of the polyamic acid group, the voltage holding characteristic can be further improved by setting a high heating temperature. Further, excellent characteristics can be obtained by using an inorganic material such as a silane coupling agent (OA-003 or the like) of a silicone group made by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. as an alignment layer having high voltage holding performance.

This embodiment also uses a liquid crystal whose volume resistivity is similar to that of the alignment layer 24. An example of a liquid crystal having a volume resistance of about 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm is one of CN (cyan) groups.

In this embodiment of the above-described configuration, the substrate 14 uses an alignment layer 24 having a low volume resistivity, and the volume resistivity of the liquid crystal 16 and the alignment layer 24 is about the same. Therefore, charge accumulation between the alignment layer 24 and the liquid crystal 16 can be prevented. In this way, it is well known in the field of electromagnetism that charges do not readily accumulate at the boundaries of layers with approximately the same volume resistivity.

Since the alignment layer 20 on the glass substrate 12 has a large volume resistance, the voltage retention is high. As a result, the display data written between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b is kept for a long time, whereby the display quality can be avoided from being lowered.

Hereinafter, the results of studies on the presence or absence of screen combustion in the actual manufacture of the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment will be described in comparison with the reference example.

A liquid crystal display device according to a reference example and an embodiment having the structure shown in Fig. 105 is manufactured using an alignment layer having a volume resistance and a liquid crystal shown in Table 1 below. In the liquid crystal display devices of these Examples and Reference Examples, a white rectangular image was displayed for 48 hours on a black background. Thereafter, gray (16 out of 64 gray scales) were displayed over the entire screen. When image sticking has occurred, the luminance of the portion indicated in white is higher than the luminance of the portion indicated in black. The difference between the luminance of the white display portion and the luminance of the black display portion is shown as a percentage in Table 1 below.

As shown in Table 1, the image sticking is low in the first and second embodiments. In particular, when using a liquid crystal of a resistance such as an alignment layer, the image sticking is very low at 3%. On the other hand, in Reference Example 1, in which the basic shape is the same as that of the conventional liquid crystal display, the image sticking is very high at 20%.

Usually, in a TN type liquid crystal display device, the alignment layer of high volume resistance is used. This is to improve the voltage retention. However, even if the voltage retention is high, the display quality will be considerably reduced if image sticking occurs by charge accumulation at the boundary between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal. In view of this, according to the present embodiment as described above, the volume resistance of the alignment layer 24 on the glass substrate 14 on which the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are formed is reduced. In this case, since the volume resistance of the alignment layer 20 on the glass substrate 12 is high, the degradation of the display quality due to the reduction of the voltage retention can be avoided. Hereinafter, the irradiation result of voltage retention is demonstrated.

As shown in Fig. 106, two glass substrates on which drive electrodes 88a and 88b are formed are prepared, and alignment layers 89a and 89b are coated on electrodes 88a and 88b, respectively. Two glass substrates are arrange | positioned so that electrodes 88a and 88b may oppose, and the liquid crystal 16 is enclosed between glass substrates. The volume resistivity of the alignment layers 89a and 89b is shown in the table below.

A voltage was applied between the electrodes 88a and 88b and the voltage retention was measured. Voltage one frame time (16 ms) after 5 V was applied between the electrodes 88a and 88b was measured by the voltage retention, and this was expressed as a percentage.

As a result, as shown in Table 2, the voltage retention was about 70% when the alignment layers 89a and 89b having a volume resistance of 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm were used. On the other hand, the voltage retention in the alignment layer having a volume resistance of 10 ¹³ Ωcm, which was usually used in the conventional liquid crystal display device, was about 98.5%. According to the present invention, an alignment layer of low voltage retention is used on a substrate (glass substrate 14) on which a first stripe electrode and a second stripe electrode are formed, and an orientation of high voltage retention on an opposing substrate (glass substrate 12). By using the layer, image sticking of the liquid crystal display device can be avoided.

As described above, in the configuration in which the second stripe electrode is connected to the gate bus line, the aperture ratio is improved to enable bright image display with high contrast.

The gate bus line is supplied with a reference voltage for determining the potential of the second stripe electrode for writing display data, a first voltage for turning on the thin film transistor, and a second voltage for turning off the thin film transistor at an appropriate timing. The liquid crystal display device having the second stripe electrode connected to the can be driven.

Further, at least two color filters are formed in a superimposed relationship on a black matrix made of a metal or a metal compound, and the width of the overlapped portions of the color filters is set larger than the width of the black matrix. Therefore, light leakage can be prevented and the degradation of the display quality which can be caused by crosstalk can be avoided.

Since the first alignment layer formed on the first substrate and the second alignment layer formed on the second substrate have different electrical properties, image sticking resulting from charge accumulation on the alignment layer is prevented, while at the same time excellent voltage retention and , High quality image display can be obtained.

FIG. 110 is a plan view illustrating a liquid crystal display according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 111 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 111-111 of FIG. FIG. 112 is a view showing the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 110 and 111 without a voltage supplied, and FIG. 113 is a view showing the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 110 and 111 with a voltage supplied thereto. 111 and 113 show one pixel of the liquid crystal display. Meanwhile, in the case of the liquid crystal display, although not shown, a color filter and a black matrix are formed on one substrate.

110 and 111, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal 16 having dielectric anisotropy disposed between a pair of glass substrates 12 and 14. In this liquid crystal 16, a chiral agent for determining the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules is added.

Glass substrate 14 includes first and second stripe electrodes 22a, 22b. These electrodes 22a and 22b are arranged in parallel with each other. The electrodes 22a and 22b are made of a metal such as chromium (Cr) or aluminum (Al). The first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are covered with an insulating film 50 made of silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

The vertical alignment layer 24 is formed on the insulating film 50. The vertically oriented layer 24 is made of polyimide or polyamic acid having, for example, alkyl groups as side chains.

Data is supplied to the first stripe electrode 22a from the data bus line 32 through the TFT 34. The scan signal is supplied to the gate of the TFT 34 via the gate bus line 30. The second stripe electrode 22b is connected to the common bus line 40.

A horizontal alignment layer 90 is formed on the glass substrate 12. The horizontal alignment layer 90 is formed of linear soluble polyimide, and rubbing treatment is performed on the surface thereof in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b.

In addition, a polarizer 28 is disposed outside the substrate 14, and a polarizer 26 is disposed outside the substrate 12. These two polarizers 26 and 28 are arranged in the polarization axis of vertical (cross nicol) or parallel (parallel nicol). In this case, it is assumed that the polarization axes of the polarizers 26 are the directions perpendicular to the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b (directions indicated by arrows in FIG. 112), and the polarization axes of the polarizers 28 are the first and the second axes. Assume that the direction is parallel to the two stripe electrodes 22a and 22b.

In the liquid crystal display device having this configuration, as shown in FIG. 112, unless a voltage is applied between the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are aligned on the substrate 14 Since it is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the 24 and also along the rubbing direction of the alignment layer 90 of the substrate 14, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are perpendicular when viewed from the substrate 14 to the substrate 12. Direction is gradually inclined from the horizontal direction, and at the same time gradually twisted in the direction determined by the chiral agent. Polarization entering the liquid crystal layer from the lower surface of the glass substrate 14 through the polarizer 28 proceeds through the liquid crystal layer while the polarization axis is gradually twisted in the torsion direction of the liquid crystal molecules 16 and through the polarizer 28. Is sent. Specifically, in this liquid crystal display, bright display is obtained when no voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 113, when voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are oriented in the direction according to the electric field, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the electrodes 22a and 22b. In this case, the polarized light entering the liquid crystal layer through the polarizer 28 from the lower surface of the substrate 14 has a polarization axis which is not changed by the liquid crystal layer, and thus is shielded by the polarizer 26. That is, when voltage is applied to the electrodes 22a and 22b, dark display is obtained.

In this embodiment, the electric field generated by the voltage applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b functions to cancel the twist of the liquid crystal. In this process, since the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules near the horizontal alignment layer 90 fixed by the horizontal alignment layer 90 coincides with the electric field direction, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is not disturbed by this anchoring. Therefore, even if the applied voltage is low, the liquid crystal molecules 16 can be aligned in the electric field direction, so that the driving voltage can be reduced. In addition, since the liquid crystal molecules 16 between the electrodes 22a and 22b are oriented in one direction, a bright image can be displayed without a foreground.

[Preferred range of d / p]

Hereinafter, the irradiation result of the preferable range of the ratio (d / p) between the cell thickness d and the chiral pitch (natural torsion pitch) p of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described.

Fig. 114 is a graph showing the result of calculating the relationship between the chiral pitch of the liquid crystal and the front luminance in the graph where the horizontal axis is the cell gap (thickness of the liquid crystal layer) and the vertical axis is the transmittance. It is assumed that the birefringence Δn of the liquid crystal is 0.1.

As shown in Fig. 114, when the chiral pitch is 2 mu m or 64 mu m, the transmittance does not increase greatly even if the cell gap changes. When the chiral pitch is 4 µm and 32 µm and the cell gap is 4 µm and 12 µm, the transmittance is relatively high. In particular, when the chiral pitch is 16 µm and the cell gap is 8 µm, the transmittance is the highest.

Based on this, the preferred range of the ratio d / p between the cell gap d and the chiral pitch p according to the present invention is set to 0.125 (4/32) to 3 (12/4).

[More preferred range of d / p and preferred range of Δnd]

A liquid crystal display device having the structure shown in FIG. 110 was actually manufactured, and the relationship between d / p and transmittance and the relationship between Δnd and transmittance were examined.

It is assumed that the widths of the electrodes 22a and 22b are 4 m and the intervals between the electrodes 22a and 22b are 6 m, 10 m, 16 m or 25 m. The vertically oriented layer 24 is also formed of a soluble polyimide having an alkyl group as a side chain with a thickness of 500 kPa. Specifically, the polyimide is coated on the glass substrate 14 by rotating the glass substrate 14 at a speed of 1500 rpm using a spinner and depositing soluble polyimide on the glass substrate 14. After coating the polyimide, the glass substrate 14 was placed on a plate with a temperature of 90 degrees and heated for 1 minute to dry in advance. Thereafter, the glass substrate 14 was heated in an oven at 180 degrees for 1 hour to cure the polyimide film. The vertical alignment layer 24 was not subjected to a process such as rubbing.

On the other hand, on the glass substrate 12, a linear soluble polyimide was used to form a horizontal alignment layer 90 to a thickness of 500 mm 3 in a similar manner to the vertical alignment layer 24. However, after curing, the surface of the horizontal alignment layer 90 was subjected to a rubbing treatment in one direction with a rayon velvet cloth.

Fluoride liquid crystal 16 having a positive dielectric anisotropy is enclosed between the glass substrates 12 and 14. The double refractive index (DELTA) n of the liquid crystal 16 is 0.1227. Cholesterilnonanoate (manufactured by Merck) was used as the chiral agent.

Liquid crystals having a cell thickness of 3.5 μm (Δnd = 0.429), 4.9 μm (Δnd = 0.552) or 5.5 μm (Δnd = 0.675) and chiral pitch (p) of 12.2 μm, 15.8 μm or 20.2 μm were used. , d / p was set at 0.17 to 0.45. Therefore, the light transmittance T characteristic with respect to the voltage V was investigated. The results are shown in Figs. 115A to 117C. Curves A to D correspond to the cases where the distances between the electrodes are 6 µm, 10 µm, 16 µm, and 25 µm.

115A to 117C, when? Nd is 0.429 (FIGS. 115A to 115C), the transmittance is low and not satisfactory. On the other hand, when Δnd is 0.5 or more (FIGS. 116A to 116C), the transmittance is high. In particular, when Δnd is 0.675 (FIGS. 117A to 117C), the transmittance is very high and a bright image can be obtained.

This experiment shows that the value of d / p is preferably in the range of 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.35 ± 0.1. Moreover, the preferable range of (DELTA) nd is 0.7 +/- 0.2. By setting the values of d / p and Δnd in this way, high transmittance is obtained when no voltage is applied, and black display is enabled when a voltage of about 5 V is applied, resulting in high contrast and high display quality. Excellent image can be obtained.

FIG. 118 is a sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110, FIG. 119 shows the liquid crystal display of FIG. 118 when no voltage is applied, and FIG. 120 shows the liquid crystal display when voltage is applied. . In FIG. 118, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components as those in FIG. 110, and the description thereof is omitted.

In this embodiment, the horizontal alignment layer 92 is formed on the substrate 14, and the vertical alignment layer 20 is formed on the substrate 12. The surface of the horizontal alignment layer 92 is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electrodes 22a and 22b.

In the liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, when no voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, the liquid crystal molecules 16 near the horizontal alignment layer 92 on the substrate 14 are shown in FIG. It is oriented in the direction (rubbing direction) substantially perpendicular to the electrodes 22a and 22b. On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules 16 near the vertical alignment layer 20 on the substrate 12 are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the alignment layer 20. The liquid crystal molecules 16 between the substrates 12 and 14 gradually twist in the direction determined by the chiral agent as they progress from the substrate 14 toward the substrate 12, and gradually rise from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction at this time. Stands. In this process, the polarization axis of light entering the liquid crystal layer through the polarizer 28 from the lower surface of the substrate 14 is gradually twisted as the light penetrates the liquid crystal layer, and the light is transmitted through the polarizer 26. That is, a bright display is obtained if no voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b.

As shown in FIG. 120, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are oriented in the electric field direction. In this process, since the polarization axis direction of the light entering the liquid crystal layer from the lower surface of the substrate 14 does not change, light cannot be transmitted through the polarizer 26. In this way, a dark indication is obtained when a voltage is applied to the electrodes 22a and 22b.

In the present embodiment, even when the state where no voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b is changed to the state where voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, the liquid crystal molecules near the horizontal alignment layer 92 The orientation direction hardly changes. The liquid crystal molecules near the horizontal alignment layer 92 are strongly fixed by the alignment layer 92. However, in this embodiment, the fixed direction is almost the same as the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules to which the voltage is applied. As a result, according to this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules can be oriented in the electric field direction when a low voltage is applied. That is, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment has an advantage that the driving voltage can be further reduced as compared with the embodiment of FIG.

121 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110. In FIG. 121, the same components as those in FIG. 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

In this embodiment, each pixel region is divided into two regions A and B each having horizontally oriented layers rubbed in opposite directions. For example, after the horizontal alignment layer 92 is formed on the glass substrate 14, the horizontal alignment layer 92 portion of the region B is covered with a resist film, and the horizontal alignment layer portion of the region A is covered by one. Direction rubbing, then covered with a resist film and rubbing the horizontally oriented layer of region B in the direction opposite to the preceding rubbing.

In this system, since the regions A and B are rubbed in different directions, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are pretilted in the opposite directions in the regions A and B, as shown in FIG. you can get alignment segmentation. By providing a plurality of regions having different alignment directions in one pixel in this manner, the visual characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are improved. Here, the pretilt angle θ is preferably 2 ° to 5 °.

122 and 123 are model diagrams illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 110. 122 and 123, the same components as those in FIG. 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. FIG. 122 shows a state where no voltage is applied between the electrodes, and FIG. 123 shows a state where a voltage is applied between the electrodes.

In this embodiment, a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used as the liquid crystal 16 encapsulated between the substrates 12 and 14. The chiral agent which determines the twist direction of a liquid crystal is further added to this liquid crystal. Other parts of this shape are basically the same as the liquid crystal display of the embodiment shown in FIG. That is, a horizontal alignment layer is formed on the substrate 14, and a vertical alignment layer is formed on the substrate 12.

When no voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, as shown in FIG. 122, the direction determined by the chiral agent as the liquid crystal molecules 16 proceed from the substrate 14 toward the substrate 12 (in the drawing). twisted), and are thus tilted while gradually changing from a horizontal position on the substrate 14 to a vertical position. When the polarization axes of the polarizers are perpendicular to each other, the polarization axis of the polarization that enters the liquid crystal layer through one of the polarizers from the lower surface of the substrate 14 is twisted in the torsion direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polarization is transmitted through the other polarizers. That is, a bright display is obtained when no voltage is applied.

On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes 22a and 22b, as shown in FIG. 123, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are inclined from the horizontal position to the vertical position as they proceed from the substrate 14 to the substrate 12. As shown in FIG. . Nevertheless, the torsion of the liquid crystal molecules is canceled, so that each liquid crystal molecule 16 is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the electric field.

In this process, the polarization axis of the polarization entering the liquid crystal layer through one of the polarizers from the lower surface of the substrate 14 does not change in the liquid crystal layer, and this polarization is shielded by the other polarizer. That is, a dark display is obtained when a voltage is applied.

In this embodiment, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 110, the driving power source can be reduced, and a bright image without a foreground can be displayed.

In short, a horizontal alignment layer is formed on one of the pair of substrates, a vertical alignment layer is formed on the other substrate, and a liquid crystal added with a chiral agent is enclosed between both substrates. In the case of liquid crystals having a positive dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction in which a horizontal alignment layer is processed on a first substrate among the substrates, and in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate on another substrate. On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates are twisted in the direction determined by the chiral agent as they progress from one substrate to another, and gradually rise from the horizontal position at this time. Under this condition, while the polarization axis is gradually twisted in the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules, the polarized light entering the liquid crystal layer passes through the liquid crystal layer.

On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes to generate an electric field in a direction horizontal to the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in accordance with the electric field. Under this condition, the polarized light entering the liquid crystal layer passes through the liquid crystal layer without changing the polarization axis. In this case, it is assumed that the direction in which the horizontal alignment layer is processed for the alignment is almost the same as the direction of the electric field, and that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules near the horizontal alignment layer does not change regardless of whether a voltage is applied. Specifically, the fixing of the liquid crystal molecules and the horizontal alignment layer does not disturb the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the electric field direction. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules can be aligned in the direction of the electric field of a relatively low voltage, thereby reducing the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display device. In addition, the electric field generated between the first and second electrodes cancels out the twist of the liquid crystal molecules, and the foreground does not occur, thereby enabling bright display.

The ratio d / p between the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the natural torsion pitch p of the liquid crystal is preferably in the range of 0.125-3. If the d / p value is less than 0.125, the transmittance is reduced and a bright display cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the d / p value exceeds 3, disturbance may occur or reflection may occur in the liquid crystal, and thus an excellent image may not be obtained. The preferred range of d / p is 0.2 to 3, more preferably 0.35 ± 0.1.

The product (Δnd) of the birefringence (Δn) of the liquid crystal and the thickness (d) of the liquid crystal layer is preferably in the range of 0.7 ± 0.2. If it is a value (DELTA) nd outside this range, a transmittance | permeability will be reduced and a bright display cannot be obtained.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 4-305624, 56-45897 and 52-45895 disclose liquid crystal displays in which liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction on one substrate and in a horizontal direction on another substrate. The configuration and operation of the conventional liquid crystal display device in which electrodes are formed on the first and second substrates are reduced in driving voltage by maintaining the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules near the horizontal alignment layer almost the same regardless of whether voltage is applied or not. Is different.

As described above, according to these embodiments, there is provided a liquid crystal display having first and second electrodes on one substrate, wherein one of the substrates has a first alignment layer or a second alignment layer as a horizontal alignment layer. Since the other alignment layer is used as the vertical alignment layer, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is not disturbed by the fixation by the alignment layer so that the foreground does not occur, whereby a bright display with a low driving voltage can be obtained.

FIG. 124 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 125 is a view showing an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display of FIG.

126 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display of FIG. The liquid crystal display device includes a translucent glass substrate 12, a glass substrate 14 disposed in a facing relationship to the glass substrate 12, and a liquid crystal 16 interposed between the glass substrates 12 and 14. Glass substrate 12 has a vertically oriented layer 20. Glass substrate 14 includes reflective layer 94, first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, and vertically oriented layer 24.

In FIG. 124, the first stripe electrodes 22a and the second stripe electrodes 22b are alternately arranged, and horizontal electric fields E1 to E3 are generated by applying a voltage between these electrodes. In this case, one pixel is represented by the portion between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b on the left and right, that is, the portion indicated by the dotted line 32. The boundary between adjacent pixel regions is located at the center of the second stripe electrode 22b. The intervals between the alternately arranged first stripe electrodes 22a and the second stripe electrodes 22b are equidistant. Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the adjacent first stripe electrode 22a at the same time, since the alignment direction of the liquid crystal changes over the entire pixel region including the boundary between the adjacent pixel regions, the liquid crystals of the adjacent boundary portions are always driven. High contrast is obtained by this.

The reflective layer 94 is disposed below the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b on the glass substrate 14. Light entering the liquid crystal layer from the upper surface of FIG. 124 is reflected in the reflective layer 94. On the other hand, the data bus line 32 and the TFT 34 are disposed below the second stripe electrode 22b. This is to reduce the light leakage current of the TFT 34 by preventing the incident light from being applied to the thin film transistor by shielding the incident light with the second stripe electrode 22b.

The data voltage applied to the data bus line 32 is applied from the source electrode of the TFT 34 to the first stripe electrode 22a through the contact hole 96 to generate the horizontal electric fields E1 to E3. When no voltage is applied, the p-type liquid crystal molecules oriented in the vertical direction are oriented in the horizontal direction by the electric fields E1 to E3. Therefore, the polarization direction of the light reflected through the liquid crystal layer and reflected from the reflective layer 94 is rotated 90 degrees. Therefore, the direction of the reflected light can be changed by supplying linearly polarized light to the liquid crystal layer through the polarizer.

In Fig. 125, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b having a liquid crystal between them are equivalently represented by capacitors C1 to C2.

126 shows a state where no voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. The reflective layer 94 is disposed on the glass substrate 14, and the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are formed on the reflective layer 94 via the insulating layer 50. In addition, the vertical alignment layer 24 is disposed on the first stripe electrode 22a, the second stripe electrode 22b, and the insulating layer 50. In Fig. 126, the data bus line 32 is not shown.

On the other hand, the polarizer 26 is arrange | positioned on the exterior (display surface) of the glass substrate 12, and the vertical alignment layer 20 is arrange | positioned inside the glass substrate 12. As shown in FIG. The p-type liquid crystal 16 is inserted between the glass substrates 12 and 14. The vertical alignment layers 20 and 24 align the liquid crystal 16 in a direction perpendicular to the glass substrates 12 and 14 when no voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. Let's do it.

When no voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is maintained vertically, and the polarization state of the incident light 111 does not change. As a result, the light 111 penetrating the polarizer 26 is reflected by the reflective layer 94 and transmitted again through the polarizer 26. That is, when no voltage is applied, the display on the liquid crystal panel is white.

127 is a view for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display when a voltage is applied. When a voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the p-type liquid crystal 16 is inclined in the horizontal direction. In this case, the liquid crystal 16 inclined in the horizontal direction functions as a λ / 4 plate which rotates the polarization direction of the incident light by 90 degrees when λ is the wavelength of the incident light. Therefore, the light 111 transmitted through the polarizer 26 and reflected from the reflective layer 94 cannot be transmitted through the polarizer 26 when the polarization plane is rotated 90 degrees. In this way, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal display displays black.

As described above, in the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, since the only required for the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b is to generate an electric field in the horizontal direction, the glass is interposed through the liquid crystal layer. It is not necessary to provide a counter electrode on the glass substrate 12 facing the substrate 14. Therefore, only the first stripe electrode 22a, the second stripe electrode 22b, the data bus line 32, the gate bus line 30, the TFT 34, and the like are formed on the glass substrate 14. Therefore, the manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device is simplified.

FIG. 128 is a plan view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 124, showing the shape when each pixel region is driven by two first stripe electrodes 22a. The data voltage applied to the data bus line 32 passes through the TFT 34 having the gate bus line 30 supplied with the gate voltage, and then is applied to the first stripe electrode 22a.

A predetermined voltage is supplied to the second stripe electrode 22b, and an electric field is generated between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b due to the voltage difference therebetween. This electric field controls the orientation direction of the liquid crystal 16. According to the present embodiment, the liquid crystal 16 in one pixel region corresponding to one reflective layer 94 is attached to three second stripe electrodes 22b and two first stripe electrodes 22a disposed therebetween. Driven by. Therefore, the voltage applied to apply the predetermined electric field to the liquid crystal 16 can be reduced, and power consumption can be reduced.

The reflective layer 94 is formed of a metal or an insulating material under the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. According to the present embodiment, the reflective layer 94 is divided by the boundary of the pixels to facilitate the formation of the data bus lines 32. Specifically, the data bus line may be formed at the boundary of the pixel where the reflective layer 94 is divided. When the reflective layer 94 is formed of metal, an aluminum film having a high reflectance or the like is preferable. In the case of the insulating material, an acrylic resin in which the pigment is dispersed is used. On the other hand, in the case of the insulating material, since the reflective layer 94 using pigments colored in red, green and blue can be provided instead of the color filter, the structure of the color liquid crystal display panel can be simplified.

FIG. 129 is a sectional view taken along the line 129-129 of FIG. The reflective layer 94 is, for example, from the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b via an insulating layer 50 made of HRC-001 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber, having a thickness of 1 to 10 µm. Electrically insulated. As a result, an aluminum film having a high reflectance or the like can be used as the reflective layer 94. When the reflective layer 94 is formed of a conductive material such as an aluminum film, the data bus line 32 is surrounded by the reflective layer 94 and the second stripe electrode 22b, so that the data bus line 32 from the data bus line 32 The leakage field may be shielded by the conductive material. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules 16 are not driven by the leakage electric field from the data bus line 32, so that the display contrast can be improved.

The vertical alignment layers 20 and 24 are used to orient the liquid crystal 16 in a direction perpendicular to the glass substrates 12 and 14 when no voltage is applied. For example, RN-783 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. may be used. have.

Under the second stripe electrode 22b, a TFT 34 and a data bus line 32 are formed. Therefore, since the TFT 34 is shielded by the opaque second stripe electrode 22b, the light leakage current of the TFT 34 can be reduced. In addition, since the data bus line and the TFT 34, which do not contribute to the display, are formed under the second stripe electrode 22b, almost the entire surface of the panel can be covered with the reflective layer 94 and the second stripe electrode 22b. Therefore, the reflection area of the liquid crystal display panel can be increased as a whole. Specifically, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are metal conductors, such as aluminum, and function as a reflector. Thus, these electrodes cooperate with the original reflective layer 94 to improve the reflectance of the liquid crystal display panel. At the same time, the reflectance of the panel can be increased in view of the fact that the second stripe electrode 22b is disposed above the boundary of the adjacent reflective layer 94 and the light is also reflected at the boundary of the reflective layer 94.

As described above, when a voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the p-type liquid crystal 16 is in the same direction as the electric field, that is, parallel to the glass substrates 12 and 14. Inclined in the direction perpendicular to the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. In this case, the polarizer 26 is ± 45 degrees from the direction perpendicular to the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b at a position where the transmission axis or the absorption axis is parallel to the glass substrates 12 and 14. It is placed at an angle. As a result, the polarization direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal 16 supplied with the voltage rotates by 90 degrees.

Further, when a voltage is applied, the delay Δnd, which is the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal 16 and the cell gap d, is equal to nλ / 4 (n is an odd natural number and λ is an optical wavelength). Is adjusted to In this case, the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal 16 changes according to the applied voltage.

Specifically, the liquid crystal 16 is inclined in the electric field direction according to the voltage applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, and the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal 16 increases. do. Therefore, the delay Δnd value also gradually increases from zero.

For example, if the wavelength [lambda] of the light switched in relation to the maximum luminous efficiency is 550 nm, [lambda] / 4 becomes about 140 nm. The delay? Nd value of the liquid crystal 16 is 140 nm at a predetermined applied voltage, and the liquid crystal 16 functions as a? / 4 plate for rotating the polarization direction by 90 degrees.

On the other hand, when the delay Δnd of the liquid crystal 16 is not equal to nλ / 4, an error is introduced by inserting a phase filter having a delay Δnd equal to the difference between the glass substrate 12 and the polarizer 26. I can correct it. In addition, when black and white of the liquid crystal 16 are reversed, a phase filter is inserted such that the delay? Nd of the liquid crystal 16 becomes 0 at a predetermined voltage.

130 is a plan view illustrating the liquid crystal display of FIG. 128. The difference between this embodiment and the embodiment of Fig. 124 is that since the divided reflective layer 94 is disposed at a position corresponding to each pixel region, each pixel region is composed of three second stripe electrodes 22b and two first stripe electrodes. It is driven by 22a. Therefore, the liquid crystal 16 can be effectively driven with a low driving voltage, and the driving voltage associated with the delay? Nd of the liquid crystal 16 such as nλ / 4 can be reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption of the liquid crystal display panel. Will be.

In addition, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are disposed equidistantly over the adjacent pixel areas, and the boundary of the adjacent pixel areas is located at the center of the second stripe electrode 22b. As a result, when a voltage is simultaneously applied to the first stripe electrode 22a of the adjacent pixel region, the second stripe electrode 22b is shared by the pixel regions on both sides, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is bounded by the boundary of the adjacent pixel region. By changing over the entire pixel area included, high contrast can be obtained.

FIG. 131 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display of FIG. 130. Equivalent capacitors C11 to C18 having the liquid crystal 16 as an insulating material are inserted between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b.

132A through 133C are cross-sectional views taken along the line 132-132 of FIG. 130, and illustrate a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display of FIG. According to the present embodiment, the reflective layer 94, the TFT 34, the data bus line 32, the first stripe electrode 22a, the second stripe electrode 22b, and the like are all on one glass substrate 14 Since it can be formed in, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device.

As shown in FIG. 132A, the reflective layer 94 and the gate bus line 30 are formed by forming and patterning an aluminum film of about 3000 mm 3 on the glass substrate 14. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 132B, the gate insulating layer 99 such as silicon nitride (SiN), the amorphous silicon (a-Si) 100 constituting the channel of the thin film transistor, and the etching protective film of the thin film transistor are constituted. Silicon nitride (SiN) 101 is formed as a layer, respectively. As a next step, as shown in Fig. 132C, the etching protective film 101a is formed by patterning the silicon nitride (SiN) 101. The etching protection film 101a is for protecting the amorphous silicon 100 constituting the channel when etching the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 132D, the resistive contact layer (n + a-Si) 102 ion-implanted into amorphous silicon and the metal layer (Ti / Al / Ti) 103 constituting the source electrode and the drain electrode 103 ) Are each formed as a layer. The ohmic contact layer 102 is to improve the ohmic contact between the metal layer 103 and the amorphous silicon 100. The metal layer (Ti / Al / Ti) 103 is a multilayer structure including a titanium film having a thickness of about 500 mm 3 and an aluminum film (lower layer) having a thickness of about 1500 mm 3.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 132E, the metal layer 103, the ohmic contact layer 102, and the amorphous silicon 100 are patterned to form the data bus line 32 and the drain electrode 103a. The TFT 34 is formed.

In the next step, as shown in Fig. 133A, an insulating film 104 (for example, HRC-001 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) is formed to manufacture through holes constituting the contact holes 96. As shown in FIGS. 129 and 130, the contact hole 96 connects the source electrode of the TFT 34 to the first stripe electrode 22a. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 133B, an aluminum metal layer (Al) 105 constituting the first stripe electrode and the second stripe electrode is formed. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 133C, the metal layer (Al) 105 is patterned to form the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b simultaneously.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the reflective layer 94, the TFT 34, the data bus line 32, the first stripe electrode 22a, and the second stripe electrode (the one glass substrate 14) are used. 22b) and the like can all be formed. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel can be simplified.

134A to 134E show an example in which the reflective layer 94 is formed irrespective of the bottom of the glass substrate 14, the gate bus line 30 of the thin film transistor, or the like. In this case, as shown in Fig. 134A, since the reflective layer 94 is formed on the bottom (bottom of the drawing) of the glass substrate 14, the second stripe electrode is formed on the front surface (top of the drawing) of the substrate 14. 22b and the gate bus line 30 may be formed at the same time. Further, as shown in Fig. 134E, the first stripe electrode 22a and the data bus line 32 can be formed simultaneously. Therefore, as shown in Figs. 132A to 133C, the process of forming the insulating layer 104, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b can be eliminated. As a result, the manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display panel can be further simplified. 134B to 134D show a method similar to that of FIGS. 132B to 132D.

135 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the second stripe electrode 22b of the embodiment shown in FIG. 129 is formed on the bottom surface of the glass substrate 12. The second stripe electrode 22b is formed on the display side of the reflective layer 94, and a transparent electrode of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of about 1000 kPa is used as this electrode.

In FIG. 135, the electric field between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b is in a direction almost parallel to the glass substrates 12 and 14 (more precisely, a slightly parallel oblique direction), so that the liquid crystal ( When a voltage is applied to 16), the orientation direction is also almost parallel. Also in this embodiment, the second stripe electrode 22b is formed at the boundary between adjacent pixel regions and is shared. Therefore, the liquid crystal 16 at the boundary of the pixel region can be oriented effectively, and the contrast is improved.

136 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In this configuration, a guest-host liquid crystal 16 (for example, LA-121 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a dichroic pigment attached thereto as a liquid crystal is used. Although the present embodiment is configured similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 129, no polarizer is formed on the glass substrate 12. Specifically, since the function of the λ / 4 plate is provided by the insulating layer 50, a polarizer is not necessary.

The liquid crystal prepolymer is polymerized to form the insulating layer 50. This liquid crystal prepolymer can be oriented and can function as a λ / 4 plate having optical anisotropy. Therefore, the liquid crystal display panel according to the present embodiment can obtain high contrast even without a polarizer.

When voltage is applied to the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the guest-host liquid crystal 16 is aligned in the horizontal direction and absorbs incident light polarized in the predetermined direction. Incident light is reflected by the reflective layer 94 to form reflected light. The polarization direction of the reflected light is rotated 90 degrees as the reflected light penetrates the insulating layer 50 serving as the λ / 4 plate, and is reabsorbed by the guest-host liquid crystal 16. As a result, the guest-host liquid crystal 16 effectively absorbs light, so that the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel can be improved.

According to this embodiment, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b do not face each other. Therefore, the area of the capacitor formed between the electrodes is reduced, and thus the capacitance between the electrodes is also reduced. As a result, the ratio of the capacitance to the capacitance between the auxiliary electrodes is reduced, so that the effect of charge leakage in the pixel region can be reduced. In this manner, charge leakage of the guest-host liquid crystal 16 increases, but an azo pigment having excellent optical properties such as a dichroic ratio can be added.

The optical properties of the guest-host liquid crystal 16 are represented by the dichroic ratio between the light absorption of the dichroic pigments arranged in the vertical direction and the light absorption of the dichroic pigments arranged in the horizontal direction. The guest-host liquid crystal 16 in which the dichroic pigment having a high dichroic ratio is dissolved can obtain high reflectance. Dichroic materials are roughly classified into azo groups and anthraquinone groups. Azo groups increase the dichroic ratio but increase charge leakage and anthraquinone groups reduce the dichroic ratio but reduce charge leakage.

According to this embodiment, as long as the effect of charge leakage is reduced, even when the charge leakage of the guest-host liquid crystal is large, it is possible to use an azo group pigment having a high dichroic ratio. Therefore, the reflectance can be increased by about 20% compared to the prior art.

In addition, it was confirmed by experiment that the guest-host liquid crystal 16 to which the azo group pigment was added can recover the voltage retention reduced by the annealing for a long time. Therefore, when the voltage retention is reduced, repeating the annealing process can obtain a liquid crystal display panel that is resistant to long-term operation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 136, the second stripe electrode 22b has optical characteristics even if the charge leakage is large, as long as an almost collapsing electric field is formed between the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a. A guest-host liquid crystal to which this excellent azo group pigment is added can be used.

137 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention. This embodiment is formed in almost the same way as the embodiment shown in Fig. 129, but when no voltage is applied, the nematic liquid crystal or guest-host liquid crystal 16 is moved in the horizontal direction by the horizontal alignment layers 90 and 92. It is different in that it is oriented. Horizontally oriented layers 90 and 92 are, for example, AL-1054 manufactured by JSR.

When the guest-host liquid crystal 16 is used in this embodiment, it does not matter whether it is n type or p type. In case of n type, MJ-95785 manufactured by Merck is used, and in case of p type, ZLI-4792 manufactured by Merck.

In this case, the horizontal alignment layers 90 and 92 are rubbed in a direction at an angle of about 45 degrees to the directions of the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the horizontal direction which is the same direction as rubbing when no voltage is applied. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, since the liquid crystal molecules are rotated about 45 degrees in a plane parallel to the glass substrates 12 and 14, the first stripe The electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are positioned horizontally or perpendicular to the electrode direction. This state is similar to the case of the first embodiment in which the polarization direction of light is rotated about 90 degrees. Therefore, the light can be switched by arranging the absorption axis or the transmission axis of the polarizer 26 at a position horizontal or perpendicular to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied.

On the other hand, when using the guest-host liquid crystal 16 in the present embodiment, the horizontal alignment layers 90 and 92 are in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the directions of the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b. Rubbing. When a voltage is applied between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the liquid crystal molecules rotate about 90 degrees in a plane parallel to the glass substrates 12 and 14, or almost parallel to the electrode direction. The position is almost vertical. In this way, when no voltage is applied, the light can be switched by arranging the absorption axis or the transmission axis of the polarizer 26 in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal.

FIG. 138 is a sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, in which the reflective layer 94 is formed on the second stripe electrode 22b, the first stripe electrode 22a, and the glass substrate 14. FIG. Indicates. The reflective layer 94 is formed of, for example, a photocurable acrylic resin in which white fine powder of magnesium oxide or metal fine powder such as aluminum is dispersed. In this case, since the reflective layer 94 is formed of an insulating material, unlike the metal reflective layer, it is not necessary to be insulated from the first stripe electrode 22a or the like, so that the manufacturing method can be simplified. This shape can be applied to the embodiment shown in FIG. 129 or the embodiment shown in FIG.

139 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of the present invention, showing a shape in which a reflective layer 94 is formed on the same layer between the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a. In this case, when the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a are formed of metal, these electrodes also function as reflectors, and if they cooperate with the reflective layer 94 formed between these electrodes, The reflectance can be improved. Such a shape can be applied to, for example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 129 or FIG.

FIG. 140 is a view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display of the present invention, wherein the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a are formed on the lower surface of the glass substrate 12, and the glass substrate 14 is shown. The reflective layer 94 is formed on the inner surface of the substrate. The second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a are, for example, ITO transparent electrodes having a thickness of 1000 mW. Also in this case, since a horizontal electric field is generated by applying a voltage between the second stripe electrode 22b and the first stripe electrode 22a, the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel can be improved with a simple structure. In addition, this structure is applicable to the Example shown in FIG. 135 in which the 2nd stripe electrode 22b was formed on the lower surface of the glass substrate 12. As shown in FIG.

141 and 142 are cross-sectional views and a plan view, respectively, illustrating a modification of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 141 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 141-141 of FIG. In this embodiment, the first stripe electrode and the second stripe electrode are formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate 12, and the glass stripe 14 is perpendicular to the first stripe electrode and the second stripe electrode of the glass substrate 12. Similar to the above, a first stripe electrode and a second stripe electrode (third stripe electrode and fourth stripe electrode) are formed. Specifically, the first stripe electrode 122a and the second stripe electrode 122b are alternately arranged on the inner surface of the glass substrate 12 at predetermined intervals in a direction parallel to the diagram of FIG. 141. In addition, the first (third) stripe electrode 22a and the second (fourth) stripe electrode 22b are formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate 14 via the reflective layer 94 and the insulating layer 50. Alternately arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction perpendicular to the drawing of 141. The first stripe electrode 122a and the second stripe electrode 122b are perpendicular to the first (third) stripe electrode 22a and the second (fourth) stripe electrode 22b, respectively.

According to this embodiment, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules oriented in the vertical direction by the vertical alignment layers 20 and 24 are two sets of stripe electrodes 22a, 22b, 122a, and 122b disposed at right angles to each other. It can be twisted by the electric field generated by. As a result, when using a guest-host liquid crystal, the light absorption of the guest-host crystal can be improved and the display contrast can be improved.

FIG. 143 is a cross sectional view showing a modification of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, showing a configuration substantially similar to that of the embodiment of FIG. 129, wherein a red color filter between the glass substrate 12 and the vertical alignment layer 20; 82R, green color filter 82G, and blue color filter 82B are inserted. According to this embodiment, by applying a voltage between the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b, the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules can be driven in the horizontal direction when no voltage is applied. With this structure, a high contrast color display can be obtained.

144 and 145 are cross-sectional views and a plan view, respectively, of a modification of the liquid crystal display of the present invention. This shape is almost similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 129, where the second stripe electrode 22b and the reflective layer 94 are connected by the contact hole 97. As shown in FIG. Since the reflective layer 94 is formed of a conductive material such as aluminum, the reflective layer 94 and the second stripe electrode 22b are connected by the contact hole 97. In this case, the contact hole 97 is formed together with the contact hole 96 by selective radiation such as ultraviolet rays.

When the reflective layer 94 and the second stripe electrode 22b are connected to each other by the contact hole 97, the first stripe electrode 22a and the second stripe electrode 22b are interposed through the insulating layer 50. To form a large auxiliary capacitance. Such auxiliary capacitance can improve the retention of the data voltage applied to the first stripe electrode 22a and can display an image with little fluctuation. Since this auxiliary capacitance is also formed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 136, as described above, an azo group pigment having a large charge leakage but having a high dichroic ratio can be added to the guest-host liquid crystal 16.

According to the present invention, it can be seen that according to the present invention, the liquid crystal between the pixels can be driven so that both the reflectance and the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel can be improved. In addition, since both the first stripe electrode and the second stripe electrode are formed on one substrate, the capacitance of the pixel region is reduced, whereby a liquid crystal material having excellent optical properties such as transmittance can be used. In addition, since the parallel flat electrodes in the opposite relationship are not used, the manufacturing method is simplified, and a low cost liquid crystal display panel can be obtained. Moreover, according to this invention, the reflection type liquid crystal display device with little power consumption and high light utilization can be obtained.

In particular, when the common first stripe electrode is provided at the boundary between adjacent pixels, when two adjacent pixels are driven simultaneously, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal may be changed over the entire pixel area including the boundary between adjacent pixel areas. Therefore, high contrast can be obtained by always driving the liquid crystal of the boundary part of the adjacent pixel area | region.

In addition, since an insulating layer is formed between the conductive reflective layer and the second stripe electrode, the reflective layer and the second stripe electrode are connected by contact holes. The reflective layer is formed on at least the first stripe electrode portion closer to the liquid crystal.

146 and 147 show a liquid crystal display similar to that of FIG. 6, and more specifically describe the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. 148A and 148B show portions of the liquid crystal display of FIGS. 146 and 147 close to the surface of the dielectric layer 36.

In the liquid crystal display device shown in Figs. 146 to 148B, the color filter substrate 12 has a transparent electrode 18 covering almost the entire surface of the dielectric layer 36, and the TFT substrate 14 is formed of the first and the second. The stripe electrodes 22a and 22b are provided. The first stripe electrode 22a is connected to the TFT 34, and a data voltage is supplied. The second stripe electrode 22b is connected to the common bus line 40, and a common voltage is supplied. The surface of dielectric layer 36 is nearly planar and is nearly parallel to the substrate surface. In addition, the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer is positive, and the vertical alignment layers 20 and 24 and the polarizers 26 and 28 are provided. Since the polarizers 26 and 28 are attached to the outside of the substrates 12 and 14, the projection axes of the polarizers 26 and 28 are perpendicular to each other. The insulating layer is indicated generally by the reference numeral 50.

When no voltage is applied (FIGS. 146 and 148A), the liquid crystal molecules are oriented perpendicular to the substrates 12 and 14, and light does not penetrate through the liquid crystal panel. When a voltage is applied (FIGS. 147 and 148B), the liquid crystal molecules are oriented at an angle to the substrates 12 and 14 and according to the electric field F ₀ formed between the first stripe electrode 22a and the transparent electrode 18. FIG. Is aligned, and light passes through the liquid crystal panel by the double refraction effect of the liquid crystal 16. That is, if the surface of the dielectric layer 36 is flat, as shown in Fig. 148A, when no voltage is applied, all liquid crystal molecules are oriented perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric layer 36. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented according to the oblique electric field F ₀ and are obliquely oriented to the surfaces of the substrates 12 and 14. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented according to the obliquely oblique electric field F ₀ on the surfaces of the substrates 12 and 14, and time is required for the liquid crystal molecules to change from the state of FIG. 148a to the state of FIG. need. Therefore, since the response is low in driving the liquid crystal, it is necessary to increase the driving voltage.

149a through 151 illustrate still another embodiment of the present invention for solving the problems described with reference to FIGS. 146 through 148b. 149A-151, the surface of dielectric layer 36 is formed in a curved shape. The alignment layer 20 is also formed in the same curved shape as the dielectric layer 36. The curved shape of the surface of the dielectric layer 36 is such that when the dielectric layer 36 has a surface formed in a planar shape, the normal vector at one point on the surface of the dielectric layer 36 is parallel to the electric line of force passing therethrough. The shape is closer to one line. That is, the surface of the dielectric layer 36 is inclined such that the normal vector on the surface of the dielectric layer 36 approaches parallel to the electric force line F ₀ . 149A shows the orientation of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 12, 14, obliquely to the surface of the dielectric layer 36 when no voltage is applied. In this way, the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the surface of the dielectric layer 36 are obliquely in advance, so that the liquid crystal molecules can be inclined easily when a voltage is applied, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the voltage driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules can be increased.

That is, when the liquid crystal molecules are inclined from the state of Fig. 149A to the state of Fig. 149B, the influence of the position change amount of the liquid crystal molecules and the alignment control force of the alignment layer 20 is changed from the state of Fig. 148A to the state of Fig. 148B. Less than when tilted. Therefore, the voltage driving the liquid crystal can be reduced, and the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules can be increased.

Next, in FIG. 150, when the surface portion of the dielectric layer 36 (for example 36x) corresponding to the gap between the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b is inclined, the substrate is not applied when a voltage is not applied. Since the liquid crystal molecules are slightly inclined with respect to the surface, light leakage occurs, resulting in a reduction in contrast.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 152, only the surface portions 36a, 36b of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the first and second stripe electrodes 22a, 22b are curved, and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a. The liquid crystal display device is designed such that the surface portion 36x of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the gap between the layers 22b is parallel to the substrate surface. By doing so, it is located in the surface portion 36x of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the gap between the first and second stripe electrodes 22a, 22b, and the liquid crystal molecules that affect the display are vertical when no voltage is applied. Orientation, and thus no light leakage occurs.

Further, the surface portion 36b of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the second stripe electrode 22b receiving the common voltage protrudes as a protrusion and corresponds to the first stripe electrode 22a receiving the data voltage. The surface portion 36a of the dielectric layer 36 is recessed as a recess. Therefore, the portion 36a of the dielectric layer 36 facing the first stripe electrode 22a is the thinnest, and the portion 36b of the dielectric layer 36 facing the second stripe electrode 22b is thickest. Inclined surfaces are formed on both sides of the protruding portion 36b and the concave portion 36a. Preferably, the width of the protrusion 36b including the inclined portion may be equal to or smaller than the width of the second stripe electrode 22b, and the width of the concave portion 36a including the inclined portion is larger than the width of the first stripe electrode 22a. The same or less is good. In this case, therefore, only the curved region of the surface of the dielectric layer 36 is the portion of the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b.

In the case of active matrix driving, an optional pulse voltage is applied on the gate bus line 30, and usually negative volts is applied when no pulse voltage is applied. Therefore, a large electric field is generated between the gate bus line 30 and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b (first and second connection electrodes 22c and 22d; Fig. 50). Therefore, there is often a problem that a shielding electrode is required, or that the opening ratio is reduced by increasing the interval between the gate bus line 30 and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b.

FIG. 153 is a diagram for explaining a problem in the alignment of the liquid crystal caused by the electric field between the gate bus line 30 and the second stripe electrode 22b. In FIG. 153, the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed in the regions RA and RB.

FIG. 154 shows an example in which the problem in the alignment of the liquid crystal shown in FIG. 153 is prevented by making the surface of the dielectric layer 36 bent. By balancing the electric field between the gate bus line 30 and the second stripe electrode 22b with an alignment regulating force by the alignment layer 20 on the dielectric layer 36, The surface of the dielectric layer 36 is arranged such that the liquid crystal molecules located in the region RC are oriented perpendicular to the substrate. In this case, when the thickness of the portion of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the gate bus line 30 is L ₁ and the thickness of the portion of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the second stripe electrode 22b is L ₂ , the dielectric The surface of the layer 36 is curved in the region RC such that L ₁ > L ₂ is in a relationship.

Since a substantially constant common voltage is supplied to the second stripe electrode 22b, the electric field between the gate bus line 30 and the common voltage is preferably balanced with the orientation control force. With regard to the first stripe electrode 22a, assuming that a voltage substantially equal to the common voltage is applied to the first stripe electrode 22a, an AC voltage is supplied to the first stripe electrode 22a, and the intermediate voltage thereof is Since it is equal to the common voltage, the electric field is balanced with the orientation control. As a result, the aperture ratio can be increased by reducing the distance between the gate bus line 30 and the stripe electrode and reducing the width of the shielding electrode.

FIG. 155 is a diagram illustrating that the dielectric layer 36 functions as a lens by curving the surface of the dielectric layer 36. FIG. The dielectric layer 36 of FIG. 155 is curved like a concave lens. Therefore, the dielectric layer 36 functions as a concave lens, and the light incident on the second stripe electrode 22b collects in the gap portion between the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, thereby achieving an actual aperture ratio. Increase.

A 15 type XGA liquid crystal display device according to the example of Fig. 152 is manufactured by the following method. The dielectric layer 36 is formed on one substrate 12, and the portion 36a of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the first stripe electrode 22a is concave and cured by a photolithography process, and the dielectric A resin layer is further applied on the layer 36, and the portion 36b of the dielectric layer 36 corresponding to the second stripe electrode 22b is protruded and cured by a photolithography process. The resin used here is NN700 (JSR). The edges of the protrusions 36b and the recesses 36a are inclined roundly by heating. Then, the vertical alignment layer 20 (JALS204 by JSR Corporation) is added. After the other substrate 14 is formed, two substrates are bonded to each other, and a liquid crystal (ZLI4535 manufactured by Merc Japan) is inserted. As a comparative example, a liquid crystal display device having a flat surface of the dielectric layer 36 is manufactured in the same manner. In comparison with the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment and the comparative example, the contrast was not reduced, the white luminance was increased by 15% with the same driving voltage, and the response speed was improved by 10%.

156 through 158 show yet another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 156 shows an active matrix similar to that of Figure 150. As shown in FIG. 73, the liquid crystal display device having the active matrix has insulating layers 50a and 50b covering the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b. Has

FIG. 157 shows a substrate 14 having insulating layers 50a and 50b covering the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b of FIG. 156 and the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b.

The insulating layers 50a and 50b have an opening 50h on the second stripe electrode 22b, and the side wall of the opening 50h has a tapered shape. That is, the opening 50h is formed to spread from the TFT substrate 14 side toward the color filter substrate 12. The corner of the opening 50h is also shown in FIG. The color filter substrate 12 also has a solid transparent electrode 18 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 157, as described above, when a voltage is applied, an oblique electric field F ₀ is formed from the first stripe electrode 22a to the transparent electrode 18, and the liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the oblique electric field F ₀ . Are oriented. The horizontal electric field formed between the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b serves to assist in the alignment of the liquid crystal caused by the oblique electric field F ₀ . The electric field formed near the second stripe electrode 22b does not necessarily coincide with the intended oblique electric field F ₀ , so that the liquid crystal molecules are not oriented according to the oblique electric field F ₀ and are easily oriented differently. However, the liquid crystal molecules located adjacent to the tapered wall 50i of the opening 50h are oriented perpendicular to the tapered wall 50i, so that the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is oriented according to the oblique electric field F ₀ . Coincides with the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the alignment of the liquid crystal is improved.

158 shows a modification of the opening 50h of the insulating layers 50a and 50b. The opening 50h is formed in the insulating layers 50a and 50b over the second stripe electrode 22b, and the opening 50j is formed in the insulating layers 50a and 50b over the first stripe electrode 22a. Since the ends of the openings 50h and 50j are narrower than the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, the ends of the openings 50h and 50j are covered by the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, respectively. Lose. As described with reference to FIG. 157, when no voltage is applied, in the liquid crystal molecules located adjacent to the tapered wall 50i of the opening 50h, the alignment of the liquid crystal may be disturbed and leakage may occur. As shown in FIG. 158, by arranging the openings 50h and 50j over the first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, respectively, portions in which the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed can be blocked by the stripe electrodes 22a and 22b. Can improve the contrast.

159 through 163 show still another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the color filter substrate 12 has a dielectric layer 36 between the transparent electrode 18 and the alignment layer 20.

In FIG. 159, a transparent electrode 18 is formed on the surface of the substrate 12, a color filter layer (containing R, G and B components) is formed on the transparent electrode 18, and a transparent resin is formed on the color filter layer 38. Layer 36x is formed, and alignment layer 20 is formed on transparent resin layer 36x. Dielectric layer 36 includes a color filter layer 38 and a transparent resin layer 36x.

In FIG. 160, a color filter layer 38 is formed on the surface of the substrate 12, a transparent electrode 18 is formed on the color filter layer 38 (containing R, G, and B components), and the transparent electrode 18 The transparent resin layer 36x is formed on it, and the orientation layer 20 is formed on the transparent resin layer 36x. Dielectric layer 36 includes a transparent resin layer 36x.

In FIG. 161, a transparent electrode 18 is formed on the surface of the substrate 12, a color filter layer 38 is formed on the transparent electrode 18, and an alignment layer 20 is formed on the color filter layer 38. . Dielectric layer 36 includes color filter layer 38. In addition, an approximately black matrix is formed on the substrate 12.

In the manufacture of the dielectric layer 36, if the ratio d / ε of the thickness d of the dielectric layer 36 to the dielectric constant epsilon is not appropriate, sufficient luminance necessary for display is not obtained. Further, in the arrangement of Fig. 160 in which the dielectric layer 36 includes the transparent resin layer 36x, after the liquid crystal panel is manufactured, when the liquid crystal panel is used to form an image, image sticking of the screen may occur. have.

In the arrangement of FIG. 161 where the dielectric layer 36 includes a color filter layer 38, image sticking of the screen may not occur, but a thin orientation between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the color filter layer 38. Since only layer 20 exists, there is a problem that voltage holding performance can be reduced due to contamination of liquid crystal layer 16 caused by color filter layer 38.

The dielectric constant? Of the color filter layer 38 is higher than the dielectric constant of the transparent resin. For example, the dielectric constant ε of the transparent resin is about 3 to 3.3, but the dielectric constant ε of the color filter layer 38 is 3.5 to 4. Since the transparent electrode 18 is disposed under the dielectric layer 36, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal from the transparent electrode 18 is affected by the dielectric layer 36. When the dielectric constant? Of the dielectric layer 36 changes, it is necessary to change the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 correspondingly to keep the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer constant. For example, if the value of the dielectric constant is large, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 correspondingly. In particular, when the thickness of the dielectric layer 1 is d1, the dielectric constant is ε1, the thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is d2 and the dielectric constant is ε2, in order to keep the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer constant, It is preferable to satisfy the relationship of (d1 / ε1) = (d2 / ε2).

Indeed, many investigations have been made using resins and found that display luminance is related to the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric layer.

Figure 162 shows the thickness of the relative dielectric constant when a voltage of 10V is applied when? (Unit is f) is the dielectric constant and d (unit is the thickness) is the thickness of the dielectric layer 36. The relationship between ratio (d / ε, unit is µm / f) and transmittance is shown. The ratio (µm / f) is shown on the X axis, and the transmittance is shown on the Y axis.

The luminance (transmittance) has a peak when the value of d / ε is approximately 0.7 mu m / f. When the value of d / ε exceeds 0.7 mu m / f, the luminance is slightly reduced. When the value of d / ε is less than 0.7 µm / f, the luminance is reduced by decreasing the value of d / ε. From the results in FIG. 162, d / ε is preferably 0.5 µm / f or more. When d / ε exceeds 0.7 mu m / f, the transmittance and luminance of the dielectric layer 36 itself is reduced. Therefore, it is important that d / ε is not too large, preferably d / ε is less than 0.9 µm / f.

Combustion of the dielectric layer 36 is associated with resistivity. The smaller the resistivity of the dielectric layer 36, the smaller the degree of image sticking on the screen. As the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 increases, the resistance increases, and the degree of image sticking of the screen increases.

In the configuration of the dielectric layer 36 including the transparent resin layer 36x, it is required that the dielectric layer 36 have a constant thickness to meet the luminance requirement, resulting in a large resistance and easy image sticking of the screen. do. In contrast, in the configuration of the dielectric layer 36 including the color filter 38, it cannot be said that sufficient luminance can be obtained if the color filter 38 has a typical typical thickness. However, the resistance is not so great that image sticking of the screen does not occur.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 159, in the configuration of the dielectric layer 36 including the color filter 38 and the transparent resin layer 36x, the above problem can be solved at the same time. In this case, the transparent resin layer 36x is preferably thinner than the color filter 38. The thickness of the dielectric layer 36 in this case is thicker than the thickness of the dielectric layer 36 including the single color filter 38, so that the thickness can ensure sufficient luminance. In addition, the resistance of the dielectric layer 36 in this case is smaller than that of the dielectric layer 36 including the single-layer transparent resin layer 36x, so that image sticking of the screen does not occur. In addition, since the transparent resin layer 36x having a higher density than the color filter 38 is disposed outside the color filter 38, the liquid crystal display device 16 is not contaminated by the color filter layer 38, thereby maintaining voltage. The problem of reduced performance is solved.

In the configuration of the dielectric layer 36 including the color filter 38 and the transparent resin layer 36x, the relationship of 0.5 <(d1 / ε1) + (d2 / ε2), similar to the single-layer dielectric layer 36 Is preferably satisfied. More preferably, the relationship of 0.5 <(d1 / ε1) + (d2 / ε2) <0.9 is satisfied.

FIG. 163 shows the relationship between the thickness of the transparent resin layer 36x of the dielectric layer 36 and the image sticking of the screen when the thickness of the color filter 38 is 2 m. The image sticking of the screen is expressed as the sum (S _T) of the square of the difference between the luminance after the voltage of the luminance and 3V voltage is applied prior to application. Here, it can be seen that as the thickness of the transparent resin layer 36x increases, the degree of image sticking of the screen increases. This is thought to be because the ratio of the transparent resin layer 36x in the dielectric layer 36 becomes large, and the effect of the low-resistance color filter 38 located below the transparent resin layer 36x is lowered, so that charges can easily accumulate. do. That is, if the ratio between the color filter 38 used as the dielectric layer 36 and the low resistance color filter 38 in the transparent resin layer 36x is not so large, the effect of preventing image sticking of the screen is not so great. . The thickness of the transparent resin layer 36x formed on the color filter 38 is preferably as thin as possible.

Table 3 below shows the image sticking and the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the screens of the embodiments of Figs. 159 to 161.

In manufacturing a color filter substrate, a black matrix (not shown) is formed by forming a thin layer of Cr on the glass substrate 12. Although a color filter layer is formed on a conventional color filter substrate, in this step of the present invention, transparent electrodes 18 such as ITO are formed by the sputtering method. The RGB components of the color filter layer 38 are each formed on the transparent electrode 18 by a photolithography process. The dielectric constant of the color filter layer 38 is approximately four. Thereafter, a transparent resin layer 36x is formed on the color filter layer 38. In this case, the transparent resin layer 36x is preferably made of a resin which can be patterned, which is a through hole in the transparent resin layer 36x for connecting the transfer electrode in the TFT substrate to the transparent electrode 18 in the color filter substrate. It is because it is provided. Here, on the color filter layer 38 having the RGB component, a resistive transparent resin of an amount having a relative dielectric constant? Of 3.3 and a thickness of approximately 0.2 mu m is formed. After adding a transparent resin layer, ultraviolet-ray is irradiated to the position where a through hole is formed, and image development is performed using a developing solution (for example, TMAH solution).

As a transparent resin, you may use the transparent resin (for example, Shibray S1808 etc.) which is usually bleached by the optical bleaching process. Thereafter, a vertical alignment layer is added to the transparent resin layer.

An active matrix including a gate bus line, a data bus line, TFTs, first and second stripe electrodes 22a and 22b, and a vertical alignment layer is formed in the TFT substrate.

In the liquid crystal panel thus produced, the d / ε value of the transparent resin layer 36x and the color filter layer 38 as a whole is approximately 0.6, close to the value at the peak in FIG. 162, and thus the luminance is increased. In this situation, image sticking of the screen does not occur and high voltage holding performance is ensured.

Figure 164 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the color filter substrate 12 has a dielectric layer 36y between the transparent electrode 18 and the alignment layer 20. Dielectric layer 36y has optical anisotropy. That is, in FIG. 25, the phase film 42 is disposed separately from the dielectric layer 36 (not shown in FIG. 25). In FIG. 159, the dielectric layer 36y has a function similar to that of the dielectric layer 36. In FIG. It has a combination of the functions of the phase film 42. Therefore, the above description relating to the phase film 42 can also be applied to the dielectric layer 36y. Equations (1) to (5) and FIGS. 28 to 31 can also be applied to the dielectric layer 36y. Therefore, repeated description is omitted.

The dielectric layer 36y may be formed of a polymer liquid crystal or discotic liquid crystal having a photopolymerization group. 165 shows an example of a discotic liquid crystal that can be used as the dielectric layer 36y. For example, in the formation of the dielectric layer 36y, a transparent electrode 18 is formed on the glass substrate 12, and an alignment layer (for example, orienting the dielectric layer 36y on the transparent electrode 18). AL3045 manufactured by JSR is formed. The dielectric layer 36 is formed by adding a discotic liquid crystal mixed with a solvent on the alignment layer, vaporizing a volatile component on a hot plate, and then curing by irradiating with ultraviolet rays. Dielectric layer 36 may be cured by heating. Thereafter, vertical alignment layer 20 is formed on dielectric layer 36.

According to this invention, the liquid crystal display device excellent in visual characteristics can be manufactured easily.

In addition, the driving voltage can be reduced, and the reaction speed of the liquid crystal can be improved.

Claims (27)

With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes per pixel formed on one of the substrates; A transparent electrode formed on the other substrate to cover almost the entire surface of the other one of the substrates, The plurality of stripe electrodes are arranged parallel to each other, And a first voltage, a data voltage corresponding to a display image, to the stripe electrode, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the transparent electrode. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, An insulating layer, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, And the insulating layer covers at least one of the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups and is disposed under the alignment layer. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, Each of the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups located in one region has a shape oriented in one direction, and each of the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups located in the other region has the first position located in the one region. The liquid crystal display device having the same shape as the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups, but oriented in a direction opposite to the one direction. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, Contains a plurality of pixels, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, Each pixel is disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect a peripheral portion, a first connection electrode disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect the first group of stripe electrodes together, and a stripe electrode of the second group. And a second connection electrode, wherein at least a part of the first connection electrode overlaps the second connection electrode via an insulating layer. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, A gate bus line, a data bus line and a TFT disposed on one of the substrates; A plurality of pixels, A driving correction electrode unit; The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, Each pixel is disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect a peripheral portion, a first connection electrode disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect the first group of stripe electrodes together, and a stripe electrode of the second group. Having a second connection electrode, wherein at least a part of the first connection electrode overlaps the second connection electrode via an insulating layer, The driving correction electrode portion intersects one of the stripe electrodes of the first or second group at right angles or acute angles and is connected to one of the stripe electrodes of a group different from the group including the one stripe electrode, And a stripe electrode disposed on the same layer as the first or second connection electrode of the stripe electrode. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, An insulating layer, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, The insulating layer is formed under the alignment layer of the one substrate to cover the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups, and is partially removed near at least one of the stripe electrodes of the first and second groups. Liquid crystal display device. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of said substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of said another substrate, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, And the transparent electrode has a high resistance region and a low resistance region. In the liquid crystal display device, With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; Sealed liquid crystal injection hole, A dielectric layer interposed between the transparent electrode and the liquid crystal layer, And a region of the dielectric layer near the side of the liquid crystal display device far from the liquid crystal injection hole is partially removed. In the liquid crystal display device, With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; Sealed liquid crystal injection hole, An insulating layer formed below the alignment layer of the one substrate so as to cover the stripe electrode; And a region of the insulating layer near the side of the liquid crystal display device far from the liquid crystal injection hole is partially removed. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes, TFTs and alignment layers formed on one of the substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, Contains a plurality of pixels, The stripe electrode includes a stripe electrode of a first group and a second group, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrode of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrode of the second group. Become, Each pixel is disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect a peripheral portion, a first connection electrode disposed at a periphery of the pixel to connect the first group of stripe electrodes together, and a stripe electrode of the second group. And a second connection electrode, wherein the first connection electrode is connected to the TFT, and the second connection electrode is connected to a second connection electrode of an adjacent pixel by a plurality of common bus lines. . With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, The one substrate further includes a gate bus line, a data bus line crossing the gate bus line, and a TFT, A gate electrode of the TFT is electrically connected to an n-th gate bus line, a drain electrode of the TFT is electrically connected to an m-th data bus line, and a source electrode of the TFT is one of the stripe electrodes of the first group; And one of the stripe electrodes of the second group is electrically connected to the (n + 1) th gate bus line. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers formed on one of said substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, The stripe electrode includes stripe electrodes of a first group and a second group parallel to each other, a first voltage is supplied to the stripe electrodes of the first group, and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the stripe electrodes of the second group. Voltage is supplied, The one substrate further includes a gate bus line, a data bus line crossing the gate bus line, a first TFT, and a second TFT, A gate electrode of the first TFT is electrically connected to an n-th gate bus line, a drain electrode of the first TFT is electrically connected to an m-th data bus line, and a source electrode of the first TFT is connected to the first electrode; Electrically connected to one of the group of stripe electrodes, The gate electrode of the second TFT is electrically connected to the n-th gate bus line, the drain electrode of the second TFT is electrically connected to the (n + 1) th gate bus line, and the source of the second TFT is An electrode is electrically connected to one of the stripe electrodes of the second group. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal inserted between the pair of substrates, An electrode and an orientation layer formed on one of the substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, Contains a plurality of pixels, The one substrate further includes a gate bus line, a data bus line crossing the gate bus line, and a TFT, The other substrate is provided with a color filter having a black matrix for shielding the pixel areas and a color filter component for determining the color of transmitted light for each pixel area. The color filter component extends from one pixel region to an adjacent pixel region beyond the black matrix, the black matrix is covered by at least two color filter components, and the width of the overlapping portion of the two color filter components is the black matrix. The liquid crystal display device, characterized in that greater than the width. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal inserted between the pair of substrates, An electrode and an orientation layer formed on one of the substrates; An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, The alignment layer of the one substrate is formed to cover the electrode, And the volume resistance of the alignment layer of the one substrate has an electrical property lower than that of the alignment layer of the other substrate. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal inserted between the pair of substrates, An alignment layer formed on one of the substrates and covering the first and second electrodes and the first and second electrodes, An alignment layer formed on the other one of the substrates, The first and second electrodes are supplied with different voltages to each other such that an electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes, And a chiral agent is added to the liquid crystal. An optically transparent first substrate, A second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; A liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, The first substrate has an alignment layer, The second substrate has a reflective layer, first and second stripe electrodes and alignment layers parallel to each other, The first stripe electrode is located substantially in the center of the pixel, the second stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the first and second stripe electrodes are adapted to generate an electric field therebetween. Liquid crystal display panel. An optically transparent first substrate, A second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; A liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, The first substrate has a first stripe electrode and an alignment layer, The second substrate has a reflective layer, a second stripe electrode and an alignment layer parallel to the first stripe electrode, The first stripe electrode is located substantially in the center of the pixel, the second stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the first and second stripe electrodes are adapted to generate an electric field therebetween. Liquid crystal display panel. An optically transparent first substrate, A second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; A liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, The first substrate has first and second stripe electrodes parallel to each other, and an alignment layer, The second substrate has a reflective layer and an orientation layer, The first stripe electrode is located substantially in the center of the pixel, the second stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the first and second stripe electrodes are adapted to generate an electric field therebetween. Liquid crystal display panel. An optically transparent first substrate, A second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; A liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, The first substrate has first and second stripe electrodes and alignment layers parallel to one another, The second substrate has a reflective layer, third and fourth stripe electrodes and alignment layers parallel to each other extending in a direction intersecting with the first and second stripe electrodes, The first stripe electrode is located substantially at the center of the pixel, the second stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the first and second stripe electrodes generate an electric field therebetween, The third stripe electrode is positioned substantially at the center of the pixel, the fourth stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the third and fourth stripe electrodes are formed between the first and second stripe electrodes. Liquid crystal display panel characterized in that it is to generate. An optically transparent first substrate, A second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; A guest-host liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, The first substrate has an alignment layer, The second substrate has a reflective layer, an insulating layer functioning as a quarter wave plate, first and second stripe electrodes and alignment layers parallel to each other, The first stripe electrode is located substantially in the center of the pixel, the second stripe electrode is disposed at a boundary between two adjacent pixels, and the first and second stripe electrodes are adapted to generate an electric field therebetween. Liquid crystal display panel. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers per pixel, formed on one of said substrates, An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; A dielectric layer disposed between the transparent electrode and the liquid crystal layer of the other substrate, The surface of the dielectric layer is curved such that the normal vector at one point on the surface of the dielectric layer is closer to the line parallel to the line of electrical force passing through the point than if the surface of the dielectric layer is formed in a planar shape. The liquid crystal display device, characterized in that formed in the shape. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers per pixel, formed on one of said substrates, An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; An insulating layer disposed on the one substrate to cover the stripe electrode, And the insulating layer has an opening having a tapered sidewall over the stripe electrode. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers per pixel, formed on one of said substrates, An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; A dielectric layer disposed between the transparent electrode and the liquid crystal layer of the other substrate, wherein d is the thickness of the dielectric layer and? is the dielectric constant, the dielectric layer satisfies a relationship of 0.5 <d / ε. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers per pixel, formed on one of said substrates, An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; A dielectric layer disposed between the transparent electrode and the liquid crystal layer of the other substrate, And the dielectric layer comprises a color filter layer and a transparent resin layer. With a pair of substrates, A liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates, A plurality of stripe electrodes and alignment layers per pixel, formed on one of said substrates, An alignment layer formed on the other of the substrates and a transparent electrode covering almost the entire surface of the other substrate; A dielectric layer disposed between the transparent electrode and the liquid crystal layer of the other substrate, And the dielectric layer has optical anisotropy. On one of the two substrates arranged oppositely, A plurality of gate bus lines, A plurality of data bus lines intersecting the gate bus lines, the nth (n is 1, 2, ...) gate bus line, the n + 1th gate bus line, the mth (m is 1, 2, ...) the data bus line and m + A first stripe electrode disposed in a pixel region partitioned by a first data bus line; A thin film transistor having a gate electrode electrically connected to the nth gate bus line, a drain electrode electrically connected to the mth data bus line, and a source electrode electrically connected to the first stripe electrode; A driving method of a liquid crystal display device having a second stripe electrode disposed at intervals from the first stripe electrode and electrically connected to the n + 1th gate bus line. A reference voltage for determining the potential of the second stripe electrode when writing display data on the gate bus line, a first voltage for turning on the thin film transistor, and a second voltage for turning off the thin film transistor, And a method of driving the liquid crystal display device. On one of the two substrates arranged oppositely, A plurality of gate bus lines, A plurality of data bus lines intersecting the gate bus lines, the nth (n is 1, 2, ...) gate bus line, the n + 1th gate bus line, the mth (m is 1, 2, ...) the data bus line and m + A first stripe electrode disposed in the pixel region partitioned by the first data bus line; A first thin film transistor having a gate electrode electrically connected to the nth gate bus line, a drain electrode electrically connected to the mth data bus line, and a source electrode electrically connected to the first stripe electrode; , A second stripe electrode disposed at intervals from the first stripe electrode; A second thin film in which a gate electrode is electrically connected to the nth gate bus line, a drain electrode is electrically connected to the m + 1th data bus line, and a source electrode is electrically connected to the second stripe electrode. As a driving method of a liquid crystal display device in which a transistor is formed, A reference voltage for determining the potential of the second stripe electrode when writing display data on the gate bus line, a first voltage for turning on the first thin film transistor and the second thin film transistor, and the first thin film transistor; And a second voltage for turning off the second thin film transistor over time.

Images