KR100563249B1 - An acetabular cup orientator in a total hip replacement - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip joint surgery, which helps to detect the pelvis posture and install the acetabular cup during surgery based on the same without using an expensive optical measuring device. A pelvic posture detection mechanism configured to position the probe at a singular point of the pelvis; A pelvis posture information transmission device mounted on the pelvis to send the posture information of the pelvis to the controller in real time; A direction guide mechanism mounted on the acetabular cup insertion tool inserted into the pelvis during hip surgery to guide the acetabular cup direction; An acetabular cup direction guide device is configured to include a data processor for calculating a direction of an acetabular cup to be inserted based on an electrical output signal sent from each of the instruments and for guiding the acetabular cup insertion direction.

Hip surgery, Acetabular cup, Inclination sensor, Angle block, Data processing part, Anterior pelvic plane

Description

Acetabular cup orientator in a total hip replacement

1 is a view for explaining a schematic system of the acetabular cup direction guide device used in the artificial hip surgery of the present invention,

Figure 2 is a view showing a linkage gauge constituting the pelvis posture detection mechanism constituting the present invention,

3 is a view showing the installation structure of the angle block used in the present invention,

4A and 4B are views for explaining a concept of defining a direction of an acetabular cup.

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings>

1: pelvis 100: pelvis posture detection mechanism

150: link type gauge 151a, 151b, 151c: link member

152a, 152b, 152c: probes 153a, 153b: fixing member

154: stand 155a, 155b: long

156a, 156b: connecting member 170, 210, 340: first, second, third inclination sensor

200: Pelvic posture information transmission mechanism 220: Square block

230: fixing block 240: fixing mechanism

300: acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 310: acetabular cup

320: acetabular cup insertion tool 330: angle block

410: A / D converter 420: control unit

The present invention relates to a direction guide device for an acetabular cup inserted into the pelvis during an artificial hip surgery during orthopedic surgery, and in particular, a gauge attached to the pelvis and a dynamic to attach to the pelvis to measure the acetabular cup direction. An acetabular cup direction guide device that does not use a computerized tomography (CT) scan that can accurately guide the acetabular cup direction through the interaction of a sensor attached to a base and a cup insertion tool.

Hip joints are hip joints that connect the pelvis and the femur (femur) to allow free movement, such as walking, and socket-like acetabular and ball-shaped thighbone bones. head), and both bone ends are covered with smooth cartilage to facilitate joint movement and to absorb the impact of weight.

However, when degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma arthritis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and other bacterial infections occur in the hip joint, cartilage is broken and the hard bones come into direct contact with each other, which causes severe pain and difficulty in walking. Will cause. In particular, the elderly or full-time housewives suffer from such hip problems in general, in which case, by removing a part of the hip joint and inserting an artificial joint or a biograft joint to overcome the abnormal symptoms.

As part of this hip surgery, if the hip joint is distorted or the cartilage is worn out, the hip joint procedure is performed, which cuts away the pelvic socket and femoral head of the diseased joint, turns the acetabular cup into the pelvis, and replaces the femur into the femoral component. Done.

In general, the navigation system used to determine the acetabular cup direction and to guarantee the alignment of the hip joint in the conventional hip surgery is mainly structured using 3D image and expensive optical measuring device such as CT scan of the pelvis of the patient. .

Specifically, in the total hip arthroplasty, the direction of the acetabular cup inserted into the acetabular part of the pelvis is based on the anterior pelvic plane (APP), which consists of anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles. It is decided.

However, the direction of the artificial joint inserted in the existing actual surgery is determined by the experience of the doctor and the mechanical guide provided by the artificial joint company. In this case, the direction of the acetabular cup should be accurately determined in the case of patient movement. An unknown problem existed.

Proposed to solve this problem is a navigation system for securing the degree of alignment of the artificial joint, using an optical measuring device as disclosed in US Patent No. 5,141,512 as an example of the structure using an expensive optical measuring device have.

The navigation system disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,141,512 uses light to measure the pose of the pelvis and the relative orientation of the acetabular cup.

However, in the case of such a navigation system, there is a problem that measurement is difficult because the use of an optical measuring device increases the price of the entire system and obstructs the measurement range because the light emitted from the sensor is blocked.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the navigation system (navigation system) used in the prior art artificial hip surgery described above, to detect the pelvis posture without using an expensive optical measuring device and based on the desired acetabular cup insertion direction It is a first object of the present invention to provide an acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery that can be accurately installed in a direction.

In addition, another object of the present invention to provide an acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery that can easily detect the posture of the pelvis with a simple structure.

In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention provides an acetabular cup direction guide device, and a pelvic posture detection mechanism configured to position the probe at a singular point of the pelvis to measure the posture of the pelvis;

A pelvis posture information transmission device mounted on the pelvis to send the posture information of the pelvis to the controller in real time;                         

A direction guide mechanism mounted on the acetabular cup insertion tool inserted into the pelvis during hip surgery to guide the acetabular cup direction;

And a data processing unit for calculating the direction of the acetabular cup to be inserted and guiding the acetabular cup insertion direction based on the electrical output signal sent from the respective instruments.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the pelvic posture detection mechanism includes a link gauge including three link members on the left and right and a center and a probe coupled to each link member, and an inclination sensor mounted at one end of the center link member. It is made to include.

In addition, in the present invention, the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism includes an acetabular cup insertion tool for installing an acetabular cup mounted at an end portion, and an inclination sensor for indicating an acetabular cup insertion direction.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pelvic posture information transmitting mechanism includes a tilt sensor for transmitting information about the posture of the pelvis to the data processor.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processor receives an analog voltage signal sent from each of the inclination sensors and converts the A / D converter to convert the digital signal into a digital signal, and the angle information sent from the A / D converter. It includes a control unit for calculating and guiding the acetabular cup direction.

In addition, the angle block constituting the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism may be mounted to form a desired angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and the horizontal direction of the insertion tool.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown.

1 is a view illustrating a schematic system of an acetabular cup direction guide device used in an artificial hip surgery constituting the present invention, Figure 2 is a view showing a link gauge which is a pelvic posture measuring mechanism constituting the present invention, Figure 3 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the concept of defining the direction of the acetabular cup.

As shown in Figure 1, the acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pelvis posture detection mechanism 100 configured to position the probe at the singular point of the pelvis to measure the posture of the pelvis 1 ), And the pelvis posture information transmission mechanism 200 mounted on the side of the pelvis to send the posture of the pelvis to the controller in real time, and the acetabular cup insertion tool inserted into the pelvis during hip surgery to guide the direction of the acetabular cup. And a data processing unit 400 for calculating and guiding the direction of the acetabular cup to be inserted based on the guide mechanism 300 and the electrical output signals sent from the respective instruments.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 2, the pelvic posture detection mechanism 100 constituting the present invention has a linkage gauge 150 including first to third link members 151a-151c coupled in a Y shape in a preferred embodiment. And a first inclination sensor 170 mounted at one end of the center of the second link member 151b.

Here, at the predetermined positions of the left and right first and third link members 151a and 151c constituting the linkage gauge 150 and the predetermined positions of the second link member 151b in the center, Probes 152a-152c for measuring singularities 10a-10c consisting of a double coupling part are combined.

In addition, in the center of the second link member 151b constituting the link gauge 150 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, separate long holes 155a and 155b are formed in the longitudinal direction, and the first and third links are provided. Each end of the members 151a and 151c is coupled by the fixing member 153a to be movable in the longitudinal direction within the long hole 155a of the second link member 151b, and one end of the second link member 151b. A pedestal 154 is formed in the portion, and the first inclination sensor 170 is mounted thereon, and one end is respectively coupled between the long hole 152a and the pedestal 154 of the second link member 151b, and the other end is respectively. Connection members 156a and 156b coupled to predetermined positions of the first link member 151a and the third link member 151c are provided to replace the first and third link members 151a and 151c with the second link member 151b. The position can be adjusted by moving in the long hole 155a of ().

Meanwhile, the second probe part 152b is coupled to the second link member 151b by the fixing member 153b to be movable in the long hole 155b of the second link member 151b.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the link-type gauge 150 is used to detect three singular points of the pelvis and to detect the anterior pelvic plane (APP), but gauges of different shapes or configurations may be used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the pelvis posture information transmission mechanism 200 includes the second tilt sensor 210 for detecting the posture of the pelvis 1 and sending it to the data processor 400. And a square block 220 for mounting the second inclination sensor 210 thereon, a fixing block 230 having a fixing mechanism 230 such as a screw screw at the end thereof, and a plurality of coupling holes, and a pedestal 220. It comprises a long cable-shaped connecting member for connecting the fixed block, the control unit 420 via the A / D converter 410 of the data processor 400 in real time the voltage signal for the posture of the pelvis (1) It performs the role of sending to.

That is, the information about the posture of the pelvis 1 detected through the link-type gauge 150 of the pelvic posture detection mechanism 100 is inserted into the second inclination sensor 210 of the pelvic posture information transmitting mechanism 200 which is installed in advance. Is sent to the control unit 420 of the data processing unit 400 and stored at a relative angle.

Therefore, the posture of the pelvis 1 can be known through the second inclination sensor 210 moving together with the pelvis 1 without installing the linkage gauge 150, and the anterior pelvis as a reference for setting the acetabular cup direction. The plane APP can be known.

Specifically, three probes 152a-152c of the linkage gauge 150 are positioned at three singular points of the pelvis 1 to detect the pelvis posture with the first inclination sensor 170 and to transmit the pelvic posture information transmission mechanism. The information on the pelvis posture is obtained by matching the direction of the second inclination sensor 210 of 200.

Subsequently, the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 300 constituting the present invention is equipped with a hollow semi-circular acetabular cup 310 to be inserted into the acetabular pelvis 1 at one end thereof, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. It includes an insertion tool 320 extending in a rod shape, and an angle block 330 is penetrated to a predetermined position of the insertion tool 320, the upper surface is equipped with a third inclination sensor 340, The third inclination sensor 340 transmits information on the direction of the acetabular cup 310 to the control unit 420 of the data processor 400 so that the insertion direction of the acetabular cup can be known.

Here, the angle block 330 mounted through the acetabular cup insertion tool 320 is mounted to form a desired angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis of the acetabular cup insertion tool 320 on a horizontal plane as shown in FIG. 3.

The direction of the acetabular cup 310 detected by the third inclination sensor 340 mounted on the upper surface of the angle block 330 constituting the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 300 mounted as described above is the pelvic posture information transmitting mechanism 200. By adjusting the direction of the acetabular cup insertion tool 320 to match the posture direction of the pelvis detected by the second inclination sensor 210 constituting the a) the acetabular cup 310 is operated by the user. It can be inserted at a desired angle at a predetermined site.

On the other hand, the signal for the inclination angle output from the inclination sensors (170,210,340) provided in each of the pelvic posture detection mechanism 100, the pelvic posture information transmission mechanism 200, and the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 300 made as described above The data processor 400, which processes the data to determine the pelvis posture based on the information and guides the acetabular cup insertion direction by comparing the stored information with the digital signal, may output analog voltage signals output from the inclination sensors 170, 210, and 340. An A / D converter 410 for converting the digital signal into a digital signal, and a control unit 420 for calculating the pelvis posture, detecting the direction of the acetabular cup insertion tool, comparing the same, and guiding the acetabular cup insertion direction. .

Of course, the controller 420, as is well known, is provided with a storage unit such as a ROM in which a control program and an application program are stored, and a storage unit such as RAM for temporarily storing information received from the respective sensors, and the pelvis applied to the controller. The monitor is connected to display the posture information and the direction of the acetabular cup insertion tool so that the match can be displayed on the screen.

In addition, the A / D converter 410 has a plurality of input terminals for receiving the voltage signals output from the plurality of inclination sensors as a known component, and has one output terminal for outputting the converted digital data.

Moreover, the first, second, and third tilt sensors 170, 210, and 340 used in the present invention are configured to detect tilts in two directions based on the direction of gravity, and in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, silicon An inclination sensor (model name CXTA02, manufactured by Crossbow Technology, Inc., USA) was used.

However, in addition to the inclination sensor of the model used in the present invention, the mercury is enclosed in the sealed container and the mercury moves as the sensor is inclined to conduct the terminal of the sensor so that the inclination can be measured. Inclination sensor, pendulum type inclination sensor, or inclination sensor using electrolytic solution may be used for pelvic posture detection as in the present invention. .

Hereinafter will be described the operation relationship of the acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery of the present invention configured as described above.

First, the principle of defining the direction of the acetabular cup in relation to FIGS. 4A and 4B will be described schematically.

The three probes 152a, 152b, 152c of the linkage gauge 150 as shown in FIG. 2 measure the singularity of the pelvis 1 (upper backbone, bicuspid) 10a, 10b, 10c. For this purpose, the anterior pelvic plane (APP) as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is formed by these singularities protruding from the pelvis, and this plane serves as a reference for defining the direction of the acetabular cup 310 inserted during artificial hip surgery. .

Referring to FIG. 4A, the direction of the inserted acetabular cup 310 is defined by the amount of rotation in the X or Y axis after rotation in the Z axis.

Accordingly, in order to determine the insertion direction of the acetabular cup, it is necessary to detect the anterior pelvic plane (APP), and for this purpose, a pelvic posture detection mechanism including a link gauge 150 and a first inclination sensor 170 as shown in FIG. 2. 100 will be used.

In the present invention, in order to determine the direction of the acetabular cup to be inserted during artificial hip surgery, first, the singular points 10a, 10b, and 10c of the pelvis are detected using the linkage gauge 150 using the pelvic posture detection mechanism 100 as described above. And, through the pelvic posture information transmission mechanism 200 to store it in the control unit 420 of the data processing unit 400. This is called pelvis registration.

As such, after the link type gauge 150 of the pelvic posture detection mechanism 100 is positioned on the pelvis, the posture of the pelvis is detected through the first inclination sensor 170, and the anterior pelvic plane APP is determined. The direction detected by the second inclination sensor 210 mounted on the rectangular block 220 of the transmission device 200 matches the direction detected by the first inclination sensor 170.

Whether the directions match may be determined by transmitting signal information output from each of the first and second inclination sensors 170 and 210 to the control unit 420 of the data processing unit 400 for processing.

Next, the pelvis posture information transmitting mechanism 200 coincides with the direction of the front pelvic plane APP determined by the link type gauge 150 and the first inclination sensor 170 of the pelvis posture detection mechanism 100. By matching the direction of the angle block 330 mounted on the acetabular cup inserting tool 320 to correspond to the direction detected by the second inclination sensor 210, the acetabular cup 310 is moved to the desired angle by the user (doctor). ).

At this time, whether the direction of the angular block 330 coincides with the direction of the pelvic posture information transmitting mechanism 200 is output from the respective second and third inclination sensors 210 and 340 to control the controller 420 of the data processor 400. Judgment is made based on the voltage signal inputted in.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to find the exact direction of the acetabular cup using an inclination sensor without using a three-dimensional medical image such as CT (computerized tomography) and an optical measuring device. Acetabular cup guide device can be configured.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately guide the acetabular cup direction without using an optical measuring device, so that the acetabular cup direction can be guided with high accuracy even when there is an obstacle in the measurement range.

While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to practice various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the appended claims, all of which obviously belong to the invention will be understood.

Claims (6)

A pelvic posture detection mechanism (100) configured to detect a posture of the pelvis (1) by positioning the probe at a singular point of the pelvis; A pelvis posture information transmitting device (200) mounted to the pelvis to transmit the posture of the pelvis to a controller in real time; A direction guide mechanism 300 mounted on the acetabular cup insertion tool inserted into the pelvis during hip surgery to guide the acetabular cup direction; Acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery characterized in that it comprises a data processing unit for calculating and guiding the direction of the acetabular cup to be inserted based on the output signal transmitted from each of the instruments. According to claim 1, The pelvic posture detection mechanism 100, A link gauge 150 including three link members 151a-151c at the left and right and a center, and probe parts 152a-152c coupled to the respective link members; Acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery, characterized in that it comprises a first inclination sensor (170) mounted on one end of the link member (151b). According to claim 1, wherein the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 300, An acetabular cup insertion tool 320 to be installed at an insertion site of an acetabular cup 310 mounted at an end, Acetabular cup direction guide device for hip joint surgery, characterized in that it comprises an angle block 330 is mounted to the third inclination sensor (340) for indicating the acetabular cup insertion direction. The acetabular cup direction for artificial hip surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that the pelvic posture information transmitting device (200) comprises a second inclination sensor (210) for transmitting information about the position of the pelvis to the data processing unit. Guide device. The method of claim 1, wherein the data processing unit 400, An A / D converter 410 for receiving an analog voltage signal sent from each of the inclination sensors 170, 210, 340 and converting the signal into a digital signal; Acetabular cup direction guide device for artificial hip surgery, characterized in that it comprises a control unit for calculating and guiding the acetabular cup direction from the angle information sent from the A / D converter. The hip joint of claim 3, wherein the angle block 330 constituting the acetabular cup direction guide mechanism 300 is mounted to form a desired angle with respect to the longitudinal axis and the horizontal direction of the insertion tool 320. Surgical acetabular cup direction guide device.

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