KR100553472B1 - The Method for Fabricating Refuse Derived Fuel from General Dust - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing household waste as a solid fuel through a series of treatment process, this method is injection process-crushing process-drying process-sorting process-storage process-compression process-grinding process-dechlorination process- Addition process-It consists of molding process, and in particular, it not only crushes various kinds of household garbage, but also selects a type of crusher in consideration of frequent maintenance due to process characteristics, and efficiently removes excess moisture due to the characteristics of household waste. Drying process, and screening process to determine calorific value and heavy metal content during combustion of solid fuel, compression process to remove residual traces of water and secure moldability, and other chlorine components that can be air pollutants in solid fuel combustion process Dechlorination process to remove chlorine in advance, addition process for premature ignition and stable combustion, final By improving the molding process for the storage and handling of solid fuel as a product, the productivity of solid fuel is increased and secondary air pollution is reduced.

Solid Fueling Method

Description

The Method for Fabricating Refuse Derived Fuel from General Dust}

1 is a flow chart showing a solid fuelization method of household garbage according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram for explaining in detail the compression process of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a block diagram for explaining in detail the dechlorination process of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a block diagram for explaining in detail the molding process of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional view of the use state of the compression roller used in the present invention.

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional view of the forming roller used in the present invention.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a three-axis vane crusher cross section used in the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10 injection process 12 crushing process

14: drying process 16: sorting process

18: storage process 20: compression process

22 grinding process 24 dechlorination process

26: addition process 28: molding process

The present invention relates to a method of solid fueling of household waste, and more particularly, to a method of solid fueling of household waste, in which the problem of air pollution during solid fuel combustion is solved in advance in a manufacturing process and productivity is improved through process improvement. .

In general, household waste refers to garbage generated in daily life, and in Korea, it means garbage that is discharged through a garbage bag in a general household after the application of a waste pay-as-you-go system. Looking at the main characteristics of these household wastes, in general, combustibles such as paper, plastics, and wood occupy more than 70 to 80%, and the proportion of the combustible wastes is higher in cities than in rural areas, The more apartments form than single-family homes, the more combustible garbage takes up.

In addition, due to the government's aggressive waste recycling policy, the amount of food waste containing excessive moisture is decreasing, and the ratio of non-combustible waste is rapidly decreasing due to the improvement of the overall living environment. The environment which can produce this high solid fuel is being made in earnest.

However, since the existing solid fueling method is mostly for combustible industrial waste, that is, combustible waste at the workplace, the method of making solid fuel using household waste is still at the level of small experiments. There are many problems with the design.

In particular, since household waste contains not only a large amount of water but also is expected to emit hydrogen chloride and dioxin, which may be air pollutants in the combustion process due to the composition of household waste, it is necessary to improve the existing manufacturing process for making household waste into solid fuel. This is urgently requested.

For example, in general household waste, PVC products, which cause air pollution and device corrosion by chlorine in the combustion process, account for about 1 to 3 wt%, which is converted into theoretical hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas generation during combustion. It corresponds to 0.5-1.5 wt%.

An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to eliminate the source of air pollutants such as dioxins generated during combustion in the solid fuel manufacturing process in advance, and improve the production efficiency of the existing process according to the enlarged production capacity to increase production efficiency It is to provide a solid fueling method of household waste that can be made.

Features of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the process of making solid fuel by using the household waste, the injection process of supplying the collected household waste constantly; A shredding step of shredding the injected household waste into a predetermined size or less by using a triaxial wing type shredder and transferring to the next step; The high temperature hot air is used to lower the water content of crushed household waste below a certain ratio. In this process, the vaporized water undergoes high temperature catalytic oxidation and pyrolysis. A drying step of reacting with the carbon dioxide and discharging it to the outside; A sorting process of separating metal materials by using a magnetic separator from the dried household waste and separating and transporting non-combustible materials by using a shaker screen; The combustible materials selected in the sorting process is a storage step of heating the air by using hot air, and transported by the heated air and stored; A compression process for mixing and forming the selected combustible materials and a pulverizing process of crushing the compressed combustible materials to a predetermined size or less by using a triple blade mill; A dechlorination process of absorbing chlorine gas discharged in the process of exposing the chlorine component to pulverized combustible material under high temperature heat under water using vacuum and discharging the insoluble gas not absorbed into the atmosphere; An addition step of adding a predetermined amount of a complexing agent and slaked lime to the combustible material which has undergone the dechlorination step; It comprises a molding step of molding the waste subjected to the addition step to a predetermined size suitable for use as a solid fuel.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the solid fuelization method of household waste according to the present invention was conceived based on the experiment to be described next, which will be described as follows.

In general, it is estimated that solid fuel (RDF) using household waste accounts for about 60% to 70% of combustible plastics, and about 3% of PVC, among which, PVC is calculated based on theoretical hydrogen chloride (HCl) generation. 57.5% of the combustion of 100 is generated with hydrogen chloride (HCl). This can be said to generate 1.7% hydrogen chloride gas (HCl Gas) when converted to the total amount.

Pyrolysis experiment condition of PVC is to increase the temperature in an oxygen-free atmosphere, for example, by increasing the temperature by 10 ℃ / min, and analyzing the weight loss and the gaseous components of the gas generated during the pyrolysis process, most of the gas generated is hydrogen chloride ( HCl) component, which will be described in more detail as follows. Here, the experiment was based on the result of the gas component analysis in this process while observing the weight change of the sample by desorption while raising the temperature to 10 ~ 20 ℃ per minute level.

Carbonization phenomenon occurs near 150 ℃, dechlorination starts at 220 ~ 270 ℃, and dechlorination proceeds rapidly at 270 ~ 320 ℃, that is, more than 90 ~ 95% of dehydrogenated hydrogen chloride is generated in this temperature range. . The dechlorination progress is alleviated at 320 to 370 ° C. In particular, residual chlorine gas and desorption of polymer organics occur, and desorption of polymer organics occurs above 370 ° C.

However, these pyrolysis results can be changed by 20 ~ 50 ℃ depending on the type and amount of the additives included in PVC, and most of the chlorine components are released in the form of HCl, but if there is a metal component, M (metal) -Cl Because of the possibility of remaining in the form of salts such as FeCl2, for example, the removal of metals in the final combustible waste is important to rule out this possibility.

In order to solve the secondary air pollution problem caused by the chlorine component which is expected in the process of using the fuel using industrial waste by using the thermal decomposition behavior characteristic of PVC, a dechlorination process is installed in the solid fuel manufacturing process to prevent the pollution source. The system was configured to remove on.

That is, it is desirable to derive the condition that the content of chlorine contained in the solid fuel is minimized through a dechlorination process, that is, a system design capable of adjusting the operating temperature and residence time at the front end of the molding process, which is a solid fuel manufacturing process.

Based on the above-described experiments specifically illustrating the solid fuelization method of household waste according to the present invention.

Example

1 is a flowchart illustrating a solid fueling method of household waste according to the present invention, the solid fueling method is separated from the temporary storage facility and storage process for continuously processing the household waste collected through the garbage transport vehicle in the system Crane transfer facility for constant input to the process from wastewater treatment facility and temporary storage facility for separate treatment of water, and other injection process associated with deodorization process to prevent the spread of odor generated by the characteristics of this process Proceed to (10).

In the shredding process (12) for the primary shredding of the injected household waste, the shredder method, which is used as most shredders, is difficult and time-consuming due to frequent blade replacement. have.

In order to solve this problem, the triple blade type crusher was applied in this process, and the additional facilities include dust collection equipment for dust removal, sound insulation for noise prevention, and deodorization equipment for odor removal, and other garbage bags. Water from the safe is separated and waste water treatment facilities are applied to treat it.

In the next process, the drying process 14 is carried out to reduce the moisture in the crushed garbage to a predetermined ratio or less by using a high temperature hot air. Since the household waste contains a large amount of water, the high temperature hot air is used to effectively remove it. Rotary Kiln type dryer was used as a heat source, and the processing capacity is also adjusted in consideration of moisture content. The water removed in this process is subjected to a high temperature catalytic oxidation and pyrolysis process, and the organic matter contained in the steam is catalyzed by oxygen in air, pyrolyzed, and then cooled and discharged.

In the next process, the sorting process 16 for separating the metals, that is, non-combustible materials included in the dried household waste, first undergoes a magnetic sorting process for separating metallic materials using magnetic force, and a shaker screen. After separating the non-combustible materials by using a second magnetic force screening process to separate the metallic material using magnetic force again. Since the non-combustible and metallic components separated through the sorting process become calorific value and air pollutant in the solid fuel combustion process as a final product, a thorough sorting operation is required, and the separated non-combustible and metallic substances are transferred to a separate storage location.

Next, in the sorting process, the coarse combustible materials are transferred to a storage tank by means of heated air using hot air and stored in a storage tank 18, wherein drying is performed by heated air used as a transfer medium. In addition, relatively heavy, non-combustible material not removed in the sorting process remains residual during transport, and light dust is separated by a filter at the top of the reservoir, that is, a dust collector.

Since the combustible materials that are sorted and stored are the smallest in the overall process, not only special design is required as an important process for determining the overall processing capacity and handling the material, but also remaining by external heat source and pressurization in the process of compressing the combustible materials. Odor is generated by the removal of water and carbonization of organic matter, so the process proceeds to the compression process 20 including a deodorization system for treatment before discharge to the outside.

Next, in order to grind the compacted combustible materials compressed in the compression process to a predetermined size or less, a triple blade method improved from the conventional shred method was applied in the same manner as the shredding process, and occurred in this process. A pulverization process 22 including a deodorizing system for treating odors, and a pulverized combustible material absorbs chlorine gas using water, and a dechlorination process 24 for discharging insoluble gas not absorbed into the atmosphere. do.

Finally, the addition step (26) of adding a predetermined amount of complexing agent and calcined lime to the combustible material subjected to the dechlorination process, and the combustible materials subjected to the addition process are molded into a predetermined size suitable for use as a solid fuel The molding process 28 is finished. At this time, the addition step 26 is divided into complexing agent injection process and slaked lime injection process, the complexing agent is configured to be injected quantitatively through a separate injection facility using a metering pump (Pump) as a liquid, 2 of the solid fuel Slaked lime, which is injected as a primary air pollution inhibitor, is also infused using a separate feeder. In particular, in the present invention, since the calcined lime is a factor that lowers the calorific value during combustion of the solid fuel, it is preferable to minimize the calcined lime in consideration of the dechlorination process for preventing secondary pollution of the solid fuel.

On the other hand, when the complexing agent is also injected at the front end of the existing molding process, it is operated under high temperature due to the characteristics of the molding process, and there is a risk of fire caused by the complexing agent. It is desirable to be configured to block the risk of fire. In addition, when the complexing agent is injected into the calender process at the end of the molding process by the final coating method, the complexing agent is reduced because the amount of the complexing agent is reduced and the fire prevention effect is greater than that of the conventional molding process. Is preferably applied at the end of the molding process.

Among the above-mentioned processes, the compression process, the dechlorination process, and the molding process are described in more detail with additional data.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a compressor for explaining a compression process in detail in the solid fuelization method of household waste according to the present invention. In the compression process, the inlet 201 into which the dried combustible material is introduced and the high temperature heat are applied to the combustible materials. A heating cylinder 202 for easy compression and a compression drive motor 203 for compressing the combustible material by using a compression mechanism engaged with the rotating shaft of the motor are provided.

Through this process, the combustible materials are made into the form of kneaded mass by mixing various components, and in the process, gas generated by drying residual moisture and carbonization by some organic matters is transferred to the outside through deodorization system. Discharged.

For reference, in the case of the combustible material injected into the compression process, the bulk density is lower than that of other processes, so sufficient space must be secured in the process design, and the process flow is not smooth due to some light materials. Pulsation may occur, so device design is important. In addition, in the description of the compression process design, the compression amount of the compression process under the same motor capacity is determined by "A" and "C" of the feed zone, and the length "E" is the back feed of the compressed material. Design in consideration of (Back Feed). In addition, the determination of the mixing zones "B" and "D" is determined in consideration of the amount of compression and the change in bulk density before and after compression, and the lengths of "F" and "G" take into account the overall load and the extrusion state. The heating cylinder is also designed in consideration of the compression process temperature and heat transfer amount.

3 is a process flow chart for explaining in detail the dechlorination process in the solid fuelization method of household waste according to the present invention, the dechlorination process is an injection rotary valve 241 for the injection of flammable material and airtight to the outside Water ejector (244) to assist in the removal of chlorine gas by creating a vacuum, a screw feeder (242) for determining the residence time between internal materials and external heat sources, and the discharge and The discharge rotary valve 243 for maintaining airtightness with the water, the water scrubber 245 for absorbing the desorbed chlorine gas in the water, and the water ejector 244 to maintain the water pressure due to the vacuum system characteristics Circulating pump 246 for circulation of 245, and pH adjustment tank 248 by chemical injection from the outside in order to prevent acidification of water by moisture absorption of chlorine gas. At this time, the desorption tank 242 is preferably configured to maintain a high temperature hot air for a predetermined time while maintaining the required temperature using an indirect heating source, the chlorine gas desorbed in this process is mostly in the form of HCl Taking into account the corrosion caused by the evaporation of some residual water, the material of related equipment is composed of titanium coating at high temperature, that is, above 100 ℃ and FRP at low temperature.

In addition, the insoluble gas that is not soluble in water is discharged through the upper part of the water scrubber 245 and the circulation pump 246 for the circulation of water sprayed from the upper part and maintaining the required pressure of the water ejector 244 and acidification of the circulating water. In order to prevent the caustic soda from the outside using a pH adjusting tank 248 to adjust the pH of the circulating water between 6 and 8, and a certain amount of circulating water is discharged to prevent the accumulation of salt components generated in the process in the system Insufficient quantities are supplied by general water from the outside.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the molding machine for explaining in detail the molding process of the solid fuel of the household waste according to the present invention, the molding process is an inlet 280 through which the combustible material is first introduced, similar to the compression process, and, It is provided with a heating cylinder (285) for applying high temperature heat to facilitate the molding extrusion of the combustible materials, and an extrusion drive motor (286) for extruding the combustible materials for molding using a compression mechanism engaged with the rotating shaft of the motor. The heating zone 281 which is supplied with hot air to prevent the first hardening of the combustible materials passed through the molding extruder die plate 282 into various particle forms in a calender process for forming various particles. And, a calender (Calender, 283) and forming rollers 284 for producing a solid fuel having a desired particle shape is provided have.

The forming roller process includes a cutting system that cuts the final solid fuel molded product to a certain size, and also includes a process of applying a complexing agent before the cutting process. Solid fuel 300 is produced.

On the other hand, as a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the compression roller, the forming roller, the triaxial blade type crusher as follows.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional view of the use state of the compression roller used in the present invention, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional view of the use state of the forming roller used in the present invention, Figure 7 is a three-axis wing type used in the present invention It is sectional drawing which shows crusher cross section.

As shown, the compression roller performs a function of flattening the loaded waste, the forming roller performs a function of cutting a single piece of a certain size, the three-axis blade type crusher finely crush the waste, later cut the blade It has a feature to facilitate replacement.

As described in the present embodiment disclosed as described above, by improving the compression process and the molding process, by changing the mode of the crushing and grinding process and adding the dechlorination process, the productivity of the solid fuel manufacturing process is increased, and the solid fuel produced It has the advantage of improving the calorific value and eliminating the problem of secondary air pollution that is expected during combustion.

Claims (4)

In the process of making solid fuel using household waste, An injection process for constantly supplying collected household waste, A shredding step of crushing the injected household waste into a predetermined size or less using a three-axis wing type shredder and transferring to the next step; The high temperature hot air is used to lower the water content of crushed household waste below a certain ratio. In this process, the vaporized water undergoes high temperature catalytic oxidation and pyrolysis. A drying process of reacting with and treating with carbon dioxide and then discharging it to the outside; A sorting process of separating metal materials from the dried household waste using a magnetic separator and separating and transporting non-combustible materials using a shaker screen; Combustible materials selected in the sorting process is a storage step of heating the air by using a hot air of the hot air, transported by the heated air and stored; A compression process for mixing and forming the selected combustible materials, and a pulverizing process of crushing the compressed combustible materials to a predetermined size or less using a triple blade grinder; A dechlorination process in which chlorine gas discharged during exposure to high temperature heat to remove chlorine in the combustible combustible material is absorbed under vacuum using water, and insoluble gas not absorbed is discharged to the atmosphere; An addition step of injecting a predetermined amount of a complexing agent and slaked lime into the combustible material which has undergone the dechlorination process; Solid fuel of the household waste comprising a molding step of forming a predetermined size suitable for use as a solid fuel for the waste subjected to the addition process. The method of claim 1, The method of injecting the complexing agent injected into the addition step into the rear end of the molding process is applied to the outside of the solid fuel, characterized in that the solid fuelization method of household waste. The method of claim 1, Since the molding process is operated at a high temperature, a solid fuelization method of household waste, characterized in that it further comprises a facility for injecting inert gas to prevent fire due to complexing agents. The method of claim 1, Solid fueling method of household waste, characterized in that using the calendering process using a molding roller to cut to a certain size to enable the production of various molded products in the molding process.

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