KR100538827B1 - Air conditioner and control method thereof - Google Patents
Air conditioner and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR100538827B1 KR100538827B1 KR10-2003-0059952A KR20030059952A KR100538827B1 KR 100538827 B1 KR100538827 B1 KR 100538827B1 KR 20030059952 A KR20030059952 A KR 20030059952A KR 100538827 B1 KR100538827 B1 KR 100538827B1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
Abstract
본 발명에 따른 공기조화기 및 그 제어 방법은 압축기의 흡입 측에 액 바이패스 라인을 설치하여 압축기의 과열을 방지함으로써 원활한 냉난방 운전이 가능하도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적의 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기는 복수개의 압축기를 구비한다. 복수개의 액 바이패스 라인은 복수개의 압축기 각각의 흡입구에 연결되어 제어부에 의해 선택적으로 개폐된다. 제어부는 복수개의 압축기 가운데 적어도 하나가 압축기의 토출 온도가 기준 온도에 도달하면 해당 압축기에 연결된 액 바이패스 라인을 개방하여 해당 압축기의 토출 온도의 상승을 억제한다.An air conditioner and a control method thereof according to the present invention have a purpose of providing a smooth bypass operation by installing a liquid bypass line on a suction side of a compressor to prevent overheating of the compressor. An air conditioner according to the present invention for this purpose includes a plurality of compressors. The plurality of liquid bypass lines are connected to the inlets of each of the plurality of compressors and are selectively opened and closed by the controller. When at least one of the plurality of compressors reaches a reference temperature, the controller opens a liquid bypass line connected to the compressor to suppress an increase in the discharge temperature of the compressor.
Description
본 발명은 공기조화기에 관한 것으로, 특히 한랭지형 히트 펌프로 사용되는 냉난방 겸용의 공기조화기에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and more particularly, to an air conditioner for dual cooling and heating used as a cold-cooled heat pump.
공기조화기는 기온이 높은 여름철에만 사용하는 냉방 전용의 것과, 여름에는 냉방용으로 사용하고 봄과 가을, 겨울에는 난방용으로 사용할 수 있는 냉난방 겸용의 것이 있는데, 이처럼 냉난방 겸용의 공기조화기를 히트 펌프(Heat Pump)라고 한다.Air conditioners are used only for cooling in summer, when the temperature is high, and air-conditioning can be used for cooling in summer and heating in spring, autumn, and winter. Pump).
히트 펌프의 원리는, 일반적으로 실내기에서 냉기가 나오고 실외기에서 열기가 나오는 냉방 사이클과 그 핵심 장치의 역할을 정반대로 전환함으로써 실내기에서 따뜻한 열기가 나오고, 실외기에서 냉기가 나오도록 하는 방식이다. 히트 펌프를 구성하기 위해서는 기존의 공기조화기에 사방 밸브(4way valve)와 체크 밸브(check valve) 등 냉매의 흐름을 자유롭게 전환할 수 있는 전환 장치와 난방용 모세관 등이 더 필요하다.The principle of the heat pump is to reverse the cooling cycle in which indoor air comes out of the indoor unit and the heat out of the outdoor unit and the role of the core device so that the hot air comes out of the indoor unit and the cold air comes out of the outdoor unit. In order to configure a heat pump, a conventional air conditioner needs a switching device capable of freely switching the flow of refrigerant such as a four-way valve and a check valve, and a capillary for heating.
히트 펌프는 일반적으로 냉난방 겸용이긴 하지만, 겨울철에 실외 온도가 지나치게 낮으면(약 -5 이하) 실외 열교환기에 성에가 발생하고, 냉매의 순환과 압축기의 윤활 작용이 원활하게 이루어지지 않아 압축기의 효율이 크게 저하되어 난방 효율이 떨어진다. 이 때문에, 일반적인 냉방의 경우보다 많은 수의 압축기를 필요로 하는데, 실외 온도가 지나치게 낮으면 난방 능력을 높이기 위한 압축기의 과도한 운전에 의해 압축기가 과열되기 때문에 압축기의 과열을 막기 위한 방안이 필요하다. 위 과열방지는 냉방 시 실외온도가 지나치게 높은 경우 등에 발생하는 과열을 막기 위해서도 필요하다. Heat pumps are generally used for both heating and cooling. However, if the outdoor temperature is too low (about -5 or less) in winter, frost will occur in the outdoor heat exchanger, and the circulation of the refrigerant and the lubrication of the compressor will not be smooth. Significantly lowered, lowering heating efficiency. For this reason, a larger number of compressors are required than in the case of general cooling. When the outdoor temperature is too low, the compressor is overheated due to excessive operation of the compressor to increase the heating capacity. Therefore, a method for preventing overheating of the compressor is required. The overheating prevention is also necessary to prevent overheating that occurs when the outdoor temperature is too high during cooling.
본 발명에 따른 공기조화기 및 그 제어 방법은 압축기의 흡입 측에 액 바이패스 라인을 설치하여 압축기의 과열을 방지함으로써 원활한 냉난방 운전이 가능하도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다.An air conditioner and a control method thereof according to the present invention have a purpose of providing a smooth bypass operation by installing a liquid bypass line on a suction side of a compressor to prevent overheating of the compressor.
이와 같은 목적의 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기는 실외기와 복수개의 압축기를 구비한다. 복수개의 액 바이패스 라인은 실외기의 출구측과 복수개의 압축기 각각의 흡입구에 연결되어 제어부에 의해 독립적으로 개폐된다. 제어부는 복수개의 압축기 가운데 적어도 하나가 압축기의 토출 온도가 기준 온도에 도달하면 해당 압축기에 연결된 액 바이패스 라인을 개방하여 해당 압축기의 토출 온도의 상승을 억제한다.An air conditioner according to the present invention for this purpose includes an outdoor unit and a plurality of compressors. The plurality of liquid bypass lines are connected to the outlet side of the outdoor unit and the inlets of each of the plurality of compressors, and are independently opened and closed by the controller. When at least one of the plurality of compressors reaches a reference temperature, the controller opens a liquid bypass line connected to the compressor to suppress an increase in the discharge temperature of the compressor.
본 발명에 따른 공기조화기는 실외기의 출구측과 복수개의 압축기 각각의 흡입구에 연결되어 제어부에 의해 독립적으로 개폐되는 복수 개의 액 바이패스 라인을 구비하고, 복수개의 압축기 가운데 적어도 하나의 압축기의 토출 온도가 기준 온도에 도달하면 해당 압축기에 연결된 액 바이패스 라인을 개방하여 해당 압축기의 토출 온도의 상승을 억제한다.The air conditioner according to the present invention includes a plurality of liquid bypass lines connected to the outlet side of the outdoor unit and the inlet of each of the plurality of compressors and independently opened and closed by the controller, and the discharge temperature of at least one of the plurality of compressors is increased. When the reference temperature is reached, the liquid bypass line connected to the compressor is opened to suppress the increase in the discharge temperature of the compressor.
본 발명에 따른 공기조화기의 바람직한 실시예를 도 1과 도 2를 참조하여 설명하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 도 1은 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기의 구성을 나타낸 도면이다. 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 충분한 난방을 위해 모두 세 개의 압축기(102a~102c)가 마련된다. 각각의 압축기(102a~102c)에서, 흡입 측은 하나로 연결되어 액 분리기(114)에 연결되며, 토출 측 역시 하나로 연결되어 사방 밸브(118)에 연결된다. 사방 밸브(118)는 냉방 운전과 난방 운전을 전환하기 위한 것이다. 도 1에서 참조 번호 120은 핫 개스 바이패스 밸브이다.A preferred embodiment of the air conditioner according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 as follows. 1 is a view showing the configuration of an air conditioner according to the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, all three compressors 102a to 102c are provided for sufficient heating. In each of the compressors 102a-102c, the suction side is connected to one and connected to the liquid separator 114, and the discharge side is also connected to one and connected to the four-way valve 118. The four-way valve 118 is for switching the cooling operation and the heating operation. Reference numeral 120 in FIG. 1 is a hot gas bypass valve.
각 압축기(102a~102c)의 토출 측마다 온도 센서(110a~110c)가 하나씩 설치되는데, 이 온도 센서(110a~110c)는 각 압축기(102a~102c)의 토출 냉매의 온도를 검출하여 압축기(102a~102c)의 과열 여부를 판정하기 위한 것이다.One temperature sensor 110a to 110c is provided for each discharge side of each of the compressors 102a to 102c, and the temperature sensors 110a to 110c detect the temperature of the discharged refrigerant of each of the compressors 102a to 102c and thus the compressor 102a. It is for judging whether or not over102c) is overheated.
실외 열교환기(116)의 출구에는 전자 팽창 밸브(108)와 체크밸브가 설치되며, 이 전자 팽창 밸브(108) 또는 체크밸브를 통과한 냉매는 바이패스 밸브(106a~106c)가 개방됨으로써 액 바이패스 라인(104a~104c)을 통해 각 압축기(102a~102c)의 흡입 측으로 바이패스 된다. 도 1에서, 액 바이패스 라인(104a~104c) 및 바이패스 밸브(106a~106c)는 각각의 압축기(102a~102c)의 흡입 측마다 하나씩 설치되며, 각각의 바이패스 밸브(106a~106c)는 제어부(미도시)에 의해 독립적으로 제어된다.An electromagnetic expansion valve 108 and a check valve are installed at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 116, and the refrigerant passing through the electromagnetic expansion valve 108 or the check valve is opened by bypass valves 106a to 106c. Bypass lines 104a to 104c are bypassed to the suction side of each of the compressors 102a to 102c. In Fig. 1, the liquid bypass lines 104a to 104c and the bypass valves 106a to 106c are provided one for each suction side of each of the compressors 102a to 102c, and each of the bypass valves 106a to 106c is Independently controlled by a controller (not shown).
즉, 제어부는 각 압축기(102a~102c)의 토출 측마다 설치되어 있는 온도 센서(110a~110c)를 통해 각 압축기(102a~102c)의 토출 냉매의 온도를 검출하고, 토출 냉매의 온도가 미리 설정된 온도(과열 온도)에 도달한 압축기(102a~102c)의 존재가 검출되면 해당 압축기(102a~102c)가 냉각되도록 해당 압축기(102a~102c)에 대응하도록 설치된 바이패스 밸브(106a~106c)만을 개방하여 실외 열교환기(116)에서 냉각된 저온의 냉매가 개방된 액 바이패스 라인(104a~104c)을 통해 과열된 압축기(102a~102c)로 공급될 수 있도록 한다.That is, the control unit detects the temperature of the discharge refrigerant of each of the compressors 102a to 102c through the temperature sensors 110a to 110c provided for each discharge side of each of the compressors 102a to 102c, and the temperature of the discharge refrigerant is set in advance. When the presence of the compressors 102a to 102c having reached the temperature (overheating temperature) is detected, only the bypass valves 106a to 106c installed to correspond to the compressors 102a to 102c are cooled so that the compressors 102a to 102c are cooled. The low temperature refrigerant cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 116 may be supplied to the overheated compressors 102a to 102c through the open liquid bypass lines 104a to 104c.
따라서 세 개의 압축기(102a~102c) 가운데 오직 과열된 압축기만이 운전을 일시 정지하고 냉각 과정을 진행하게 되며, 나머지 압축기들은 정상적으로 운전을 계속할 수 있다. 만약 세 개의 압축기에 하나의 액 바이패스 라인을 설치하여 운영하는 경우에는 정상적인 토출 온도를 가진 압축기도 함께 운전을 멈추고 대기해야 하기 때문에 비효율적이다. 운전의 일시 정지는 과열 방지를 위한 압축기 보호제어방법의 일예를 나타낸 것이다.Therefore, only the overheated compressor among the three compressors 102a to 102c temporarily suspends operation and proceeds with the cooling process, and the remaining compressors can continue to operate normally. If one compressor bypass line is installed and operated in three compressors, it is inefficient because compressors with normal discharge temperature must be stopped and waited together. Temporary stop of operation shows an example of a compressor protection control method for preventing overheating.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기의 제어 방법을 나타낸 도면이다. 도 2에 나타낸 바와 같이, 난방을 위해 히트 펌프로서 운전하면서 압축기(102a~102c)의 토출 온도를 감시한다(202~204). 만약 복수개의 압축기 가운데 어느 하나의 압축기의 토출 온도가 기준 온도(과열 온도) 이상으로 상승하면 해당 압축기(102a~102c)에 연결된 액 바이패스 라인을 개방하여 과열된 압축기를 냉각시킨다(208). 과열된 압축기의 토출 측 온도가 기준 온도보다 낮아지면 해당 압축기에 대응하는 액 바이패스 라인을 다시 폐쇄하여 정상적인 압축 운전을 재개하도록 한다(210~212).2 is a view showing a control method of an air conditioner according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge temperature of the compressors 102a-102c is monitored (202-204), operating as a heat pump for heating. If the discharge temperature of any one of the plurality of compressors rises above the reference temperature (overheating temperature), the liquid bypass line connected to the compressors 102a to 102c is opened to cool the overheated compressor (208). When the discharge side temperature of the overheated compressor is lower than the reference temperature, the liquid bypass line corresponding to the compressor is closed again to resume normal compression operation (210 to 212).
본 발명에 따른 공기조화기 및 그 제어 방법은 압축기의 흡입 측에 액 바이패스 라인을 설치하여 압축기의 과열을 방지함으로써 원활한 냉난방 운전이 가능하도록 한다.Air conditioner and control method according to the present invention by installing a liquid bypass line on the suction side of the compressor to prevent the overheating of the compressor to enable a smooth cooling and heating operation.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기의 구성을 나타낸 도면.1 is a view showing the configuration of an air conditioner according to the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 공기조화기의 제어 방법을 나타낸 도면.2 is a view showing a control method of an air conditioner according to the present invention.
*도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *
102a~102c : 압축기102a ~ 102c: Compressor
104a~104c : 액 바이패스 라인104a ~ 104c: liquid bypass line
106a~106c : 바이패스 밸브106a ~ 106c: Bypass Valve
108 : 전자 팽창 밸브108: electronic expansion valve
110a~110c : 온도 센서110a ~ 110c: temperature sensor
112 : 수액기112: receiver
114 : 액 분리기114: liquid separator
120 : 핫 개스 바이패스 밸브120: hot gas bypass valve
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