KR100534221B1 - Four-wheel automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The four-wheel drive device for vehicles has a multi-plate clutch center differential, and a side gear and a housing of the center differential are integrally formed, and are composed of a helical gear type front differential which performs differential operation of the front wheel and restricts differential operation in some cases. The simple structure inside the case reduces the size and weight, which improves assembly and reduces production costs.In addition to the differential differential of the front differential as well as the differential differential of the front differential, the differential performance is superior. There is an advantage that can quickly escape the bad road.

Description

Four-wheel drive for vehicles {Four-wheel automobile}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle. In particular, the overall lay-out of the vehicle is simplified by reducing the size and weight of the transfer case, and a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle that can be installed by adding a package in the transfer case. It is about.

In general, the full-type four-wheel drive device of the four-wheel drive device of the vehicle is a system in which the front and rear wheels are driven at the same time as the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the front and rear wheels, respectively, with the front and rear wheels directly coupled.

As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle-type full-wheel four-wheel drive apparatus is equipped with an engine 102 and a manual transmission 104 in a front frame, and the power of the engine is changed by the manual transmission 104 according to a change in a driving state of a vehicle. After shifting and outputting to the bevel gear-type center differential 106, the center differential 106 distributes the shifted power at the same ratio, and transmits it to the bevel gear-type front differential 108 and the bevel gear-type rear differential 110, respectively. do.

In addition, the front wheel power transmission shaft 112 connecting the center differential 106 and the front differential 108 and the rear wheel power transmission shaft 114 connecting the center differential 106 and the rear differential 110 are biscus couplings. Connected by 116, the power distributed in the center differential 106 is again appropriately distributed according to the resistance that the front wheels 122, 123 and the rear wheels 124, 125 receive from the road surface.

On the other hand, the biscus coupling 116 is the front wheel power transmission shaft 112 and the rear wheel power transmission when any one of the driving wheels (122, 123, 124, 125) is idling in the mud etc. The shafts 114 connect to each other to limit the differential action.

Such a full-wheel four-wheel drive system has the driving force of the engine shifted to the manual transmission 104 at the same ratio in the center differential 106, and is appropriately distributed again through the viscous coupling 116, and then the front differential 108 and Each is transferred to the rear differential 110.

The front differential 108 and the rear differential 110 drive the driving wheels 122, 123, 124, and 125, respectively, according to the resistance of the left and right driving wheels 122, 123, 124, and 125 from the road surface.

However, in the four-wheel drive device for a vehicle according to the prior art, the center differential 106, the viscus coupling 116, the front differential 108, and the like are all mounted in the transfer case 120, and the center differential 106 and the front differential 108 are provided. ) Is connected by a hollow shaft, so that power is transmitted, and thus, the inside of the transfer case 120 is complicated, which is disadvantageous in terms of layout, and it is difficult to install each component.

In addition, since the layout of the transfer case 120 is complicated, it is difficult to add a differential device for limiting the differential action of the front differential 108, which may limit the package.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the simple structure inside the transfer case is easy to process the mounting of each component, the size and weight of the transfer case is reduced, the front differential differential It is an object to provide a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle that can be additionally mounted.

The four-wheel drive device for a vehicle according to the present invention for solving the above problems receives a driving force of an engine shifted from a transmission and distributes the center differential to the front differential and the rear differential at a constant ratio, and a differential limiting the differential action of the center differential. A four-wheel drive device for a vehicle including a limiting device, comprising: a center differential comprising an intermittent member for intermittent connection with the front differential and an elastic member for operating the intermittent member; The front differential is formed by integrally forming a housing which rotates by receiving the differential power from the center differential and a side gear that outputs the differential power from the center differential to the front differential, wherein the intermittent member forms an outer side of the center differential. The outer plate and the inner plate are intersected between the housing and the housing of the front differential to intersect the transmission of differential power from the center differential to the front differential, and the elastic member is a load difference applied to the front wheel and the rear wheel. It is characterized in that the free-load spring to push the outer plate to the inner plate in proportion to the.

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Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-wheel drive apparatus according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a detailed view of the transfer case according to the invention, Figure 4 is a side view of the front differential according to the present invention.

The four-wheel drive device for a vehicle according to the present invention includes an engine 2, a manual transmission 4 for shifting a driving force of the engine 2 according to a change in a driving state of the vehicle, and the manual transmission as shown in FIG. 2. Center differential 10 for receiving the power output from (4) and distributing it at a constant ratio, and front differential 30 for performing differential action of front wheels 6 and 7 with power differential from the center differential 10 and It consists of a rear differential 40 or the like which performs the differential action of the rear wheels 8, 9 with the driving force transmitted from the center differential 30.

Here, the center differential 10 is the front wheel (6, 7) and the rear wheel (6, 7) and the rear wheel (6, 7) automatically by using the multi-plate clutch 20 when the load on the rear wheels (8, 9) is more than a predetermined difference It is a multi-plate clutch limited slip differential (LSD) that limits the differential action between 8 and 9).

As shown in FIG. 3, the center differential 10 includes a ring gear 11 driven by power output from a manual transmission, and a center differential housing 12 which is integrally formed with the ring gear 11 and rotates together. ), Two pinion shafts 13 and 14 mounted on the inner side of the housing 12 and integrally rotatable and capable of some movement, and two pinions fitted to the pinion shafts 13 and 14, respectively. Disposed between the gears 15 and 16 and the pinion gears 15 and 16, respectively, and engaged with the pinion gears 15 and 16, and differential power to the front differential 30 and the rear differential 40, respectively. It is composed of a front side gear 17 and a rear side gear 18 to be transmitted.

In addition, the multi-plate clutch 20 of the center differential 10 includes an inner plate 22 splined to outer surfaces of the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18, and the inner plate 22. And both ends of the outer plate 24 and the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 which are disposed to intersect with each other and are splined to an inner surface of the center differential housing 12, respectively. It consists of a preload spring 26 which pushes the 17 and the rear side gear 18 in a direction away from each other to impart a predetermined load to the outer plate 24 and the inner plate 22.

The center differential 10 is rotated with the ring gear 11 in which the housing 12 receives the power output from the manual transmission 4, and the pinion shafts 13 and 14 together with the housing 12. The pinion gears 15 and 16 are rotated to drive the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18, respectively.

At this time, the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 are loaded according to the resistances of the front wheels 6 and 7 and the rear wheels 8 and 9 from the road surface, respectively. 16 is rotated between the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 due to the difference in the loads applied to the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 and rotated at the same time while being less loaded. Rotate the gear more.

On the other hand, due to the difference in the load applied to the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18, the pinion gear (15, 16) is thrust to the side gear side is less loaded, the pinion gear (15, 16) Due to the thrust force of the preload spring 26, the force pushing the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 in a direction away from each other becomes greater.

In such a state, when the difference between the loads applied to the front side gear 17 and the rear side gear 18 is greater than or equal to a predetermined level, the inner plate 22 of the multi-plate clutch 20 is opened by the tension of the preload spring 26. Contact with the plate 24 limits the differential action of the center differential 10.

Next, the front differential 30 is located inside the housing 11 of the center differential 10 to receive the differential power of the center differential 10 directly, and performs the differential action of the front wheels 6 and 7. In addition, when the frictional force generated therein due to the differential action of the front wheels (6, 7) is more than a predetermined torque-sensitive LSD (Limited Slip Differential) to automatically limit the differential action.

The front differential 30 is located inside the housing 11 of the center differential 10 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and is integrally formed with the front side gear 17 of the center differential 10. Four pairs of pinion gears 34, which are installed in the housing 32 and the plurality of gear grooves 32a formed inside the housing 32, and the two gears mesh with each other to form a couple, and a helical gear on the outer circumferential surface thereof. Is formed and engaged with the pinion gear 34, respectively, and the left side gear 36 and the right side gear 38 splined to the axle shafts 35 and 37 connected to the left and right front wheels 6 and 7, respectively. And an end washer installed to be in contact with the front end portions of the left side gear 36 and the right side gear 38 to generate differential limit torque through friction with the left side gear 36 and the right side gear 38. 39).

Here, the front differential 30 rotates independently of the rotation of the center differential housing 12 by the needle roller bearing 31 disposed between the front differential housing 32 and the center differential housing 12. do.

The end washers 39 are disposed between the left and right side gears 36 and 38 and the front differential housing 32 and between the left and right side gears 17 and 18, respectively.

The front differential 30 as described above rotates the pinion gear 34 mounted in the gear groove 32a while the housing 32 is integrally rotated together with the front side gear 17. The left and right side gears 36 and 38 are driven to drive the left and right front wheels 6 and 7 through the spline-coupled axle shafts 35 and 37, respectively.

At this time, if a difference in load is generated according to the resistance received by the left and right front wheels 6 and 7 from the road surface, respectively, a reaction force is generated between the side gears 36 and 38 and the pinion gear 34 so that the pinion gear 34 The differential action of the front wheels is achieved by driving more of the side gears that are idle and at the same time rotate while being idle.

On the other hand, thrust is generated in the helical gear teeth of the side gears 36 and 38 due to the engagement reaction between the side gears 36 and 38 and the pinion gear 34 so that the side gears 36 and 38 are end washers 39. The friction force is generated while pushing, and the friction force is generated on the inner surface of the front differential housing 32 so that the rotation of the pinion gear 34 is prevented, so that the differential action of the front wheels 6 and 7 is limited.

Next, the rear differential 40 has a propeller shaft 42 disposed between the rear side gear 18 to receive differential power from the center differential 10 to perform differential operation of the rear wheels 8 and 9. do.

Accordingly, such a four-wheel drive device includes a multi-plate clutch differential limiter 20 and a front side gear 17 of the center differential 10 which automatically limit the differential action of the center differential 10 inside the center differential housing 12. ) And the front differential housing 32 are integrated to perform a differential action of the front wheels and, in some cases, a helical gear type front differential 30 for limiting the differential action of the front wheels to form a compact structure.

The four-wheel drive apparatus for a vehicle according to the present invention configured as described above has a multi-plate clutch center differential, a side gear and a housing of the center differential integrally formed, and perform a differential action of the front wheel and limit the differential action in some cases. Since the helical gear type front differential is configured, the structure inside the transfer case is simplified, and the size and weight are reduced, thereby improving the assemblability and reducing the production cost.

In addition, since the differential differential of the front differential is added as well as the differential differential of the center differential, the differential differential performance is superior, so that the vehicle can quickly escape the rough road.

1 is a schematic diagram of a four-wheel drive apparatus according to the prior art,

2 is a schematic view of a four-wheel drive apparatus according to the present invention;

3 is a detailed view of a transfer case according to the present invention;

4 is a side view of the front differential according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols on main parts of the drawings>

2: engine 4: manual transmission

6, 7, 8, 9: driving wheel 10: center differential

11: ring gear 12: housing of center differential

13, 14: pinion shaft 15, 16: pinion gear

17, 18: side gear 20: multi-plate clutch

22: inner plate 24: outer plate

26: preload spring 30: front differential

31: needle roller bearing 32: front differential housing

34: pinion gear 36, 38: side gear

40: rear differential 42: rear propulsion shaft

Claims (5)

In a four-wheel drive system for a vehicle comprising a center differential for receiving a driving force of an engine shifted from a transmission and distributing it to the front and rear differentials at a constant ratio, and a differential limiting device for limiting the differential action of the center differential. A center differential comprising an intermittent member for intermittent connection with the front differential and an elastic member for operating the intermittent member; It is composed of a front differential formed integrally with a housing which is rotated by receiving the differential power from the center differential and the side gear for outputting the differential power from the center differential to the front differential, The intermittent member is a multi-plate clutch interposed between an outer plate and an inner plate interposed between a housing forming an outer side of the center differential and a housing of the front differential so that power differential in the center differential is transmitted to the front differential. , The elastic member is a four-wheel drive apparatus for a vehicle, characterized in that the free-load spring to push the outer plate to the inner plate in proportion to the load difference between the front wheel and the rear wheel. delete delete The method of claim 1, The front differential is a torque-sensitive LSD (Limited Slip Differencial) which limits the differential action when the friction force generated from the inside due to the differential action of the left and right front wheels is equal to or greater than the front wheel differential action. Device. The method of claim 4, wherein The housing of the front differential is located inside the housing of the center differential which is rotated by the power of the transmission, and is independently rotatable by a needle roller bearing disposed between the center differential housing. Drive system.