KR100521861B1 - Brushless multiphase ac electric machine and its energization controller - Google Patents

Abstract

Brushless polyphase alternating current and its energization control device suitable for progressive energization.

In the brushless polyphase AC electric machine having a magnetic pole sensor 29 for detecting the rotational position of the rotor 60, the phase current supplied to each phase is advanced by a predetermined amount based on the detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor. The stimulation sensor 29 is arranged so that the timing of switching the phase current through the forward energization coincides with the change timing of the magnetic field detected by the stimulation sensor.

Description

Brushless polyphase alternating current electricity and its energization control device {BRUSHLESS MULTIPHASE AC ELECTRIC MACHINE AND ITS ENERGIZATION CONTROLLER}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brushless polyphase alternating current electricity and an energization control apparatus thereof, and more particularly, to a brushless polyphase alternating current electricity suitable for progressive energization and an energization control apparatus thereof.

Conventionally, although a starter motor and a generator for an internal combustion engine are provided separately, a starter and a generator device in which respective functions are integrated are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-148142.

On the other hand, as a starter motor for an internal combustion engine, an abduction type permanent magnet rotary motor in which a cylindrical rotor rotates around the outer periphery of the stator is known. In the permanent magnet rotary electric machine as described above, the permanent magnet rotary electric machine is formed between the adjacent permanent magnets in order to mitigate the distortion of the magnetic flux distribution between the rotor and the stator to prevent torque vibration. For example, it is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 8-275476.

In the conventional permanent magnet rotary electric machine having a pole part, since the pole part also functions as a part of the permanent magnet, it is preferable to advance the energization timing of the rotary electric machine by an angle corresponding to the width with respect to the rotation direction of the pole part. .

Here, in the above-described prior art, since the standard energization timing (0 ° advancing angle) is detected as a change in the detection signal of the stimulus sensor, and the advance position is calculated by calculation based on the standard energization timing, the rotor rotation speed is particularly unstable. In the low rotation area, the advance position could not be detected accurately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a brushless polyphase AC electric machine and an energization control device thereof, which solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and allow the phase current supplied to each phase to be advanced by a desired angle accurately.

1 is an overall side view of a scooter type motorcycle which applies the present invention,

2 is a cross-sectional view along the crankshaft of the swing unit of FIG.

3 is a partially broken plan view in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis (crankshaft) of the starter and generator (permanent magnet rotary motor),

4 is a side cross-sectional view of FIG.

5 is a plan view of the rotor yoke,

6 is a side view of the rotor yoke,

7 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor yoke;

8 is a view for explaining the function (motor) of the air gap provided in the rotor yoke;

9 is a view for explaining the function (during power generation) of the air gap provided in the rotor yoke;

10 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 9;

11 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 10;

12 is a block diagram of a control system of a starter and a generator;

Fig. 13 is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation timing of the energization control in the present embodiment;

Fig. 14 is a signal waveform diagram when 120 ° electrostatic energization is performed at 5 ° true angle;

15 is a signal waveform diagram when 180 ° electrostatic energization is performed at a 10 ° angle;

Fig. 16 is a signal waveform diagram when 120 degrees reverse energization is performed at 5 degrees.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized by taking the following means.

(1) A brushless multiphase AC electric machine having a magnetic pole sensor for detecting a rotational position of a rotor, wherein a phase current supplied to each phase is advanced by a predetermined amount based on a detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor. It is characterized in that the arrangement is made so that the energization timing of the phase current to be energized in advance is coincident with the change timing of the magnetic field detected by the stimulus sensor.

(2) In the energization control device of the brushless polyphase alternating current (AC) which divides one rotation of the rotor into a plurality of stages based on the detection signal of each magnetic pole sensor of the brushless polyphase alternating current and controls each phase current in units of stages. , Characterized in that the phase of the phase current supplied to each phase is advanced by an angle of half the angle equivalent to one stage.

According to the above feature (1), when the rotational position of the rotor reaches the switching timing of the forward energization, the detection signal of the stimulus sensor changes in response to this. Therefore, the timing of switching the advance energization is based on the detection signal of the stimulation sensor. Can be detected accurately.

According to the above-mentioned feature (2), when the rotational position reaches the switching timing of the forward energization not only at the time of power failure of the rotor but also at the reverse, the detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor is displaced in response to this. It is possible to accurately detect the timing of switching the progressive power.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is an overall side view of a scooter type motorcycle which applies the power generation control apparatus for a vehicle of the present invention.

The front part of the vehicle body and the rear part of the vehicle body are connected via the lower floor part 4, and the vehicle body frame which forms the frame | skeleton of a vehicle body consists of the down tube 6 and the main pipe 7 substantially. The fuel tank and the storage box (both not shown) are supported by the main pipe 7, and a seat 8 is disposed thereon.

In the front part of a vehicle body, the steering wheel 5 is axially supported, the handle 11 is provided in the upper part, the front fork 12 is extended in the lower part, and the front wheel FW is axially supported by the lower end. The upper part of the handle 11 is covered with a handle cover 13 which also serves as an instrument panel. A bracket 15 protrudes from the lower end of the rising portion of the main pipe 7, and the hanger bracket 18 of the swing unit 2 is swingably connected to the bracket 15 via the link member 16. .

The swing unit 2 is equipped with a two-stroke internal combustion engine E in a short cylinder at its front part. The belt type continuously variable transmission 10 is comprised from the internal combustion engine E to the rear, and the rear wheel RW is axially supported by the reduction mechanism 9 provided through the centrifugal clutch in the back part. A rear cushion 3 is provided between the upper end of the reduction mechanism 9 and the upper bent portion of the main pipe 7. In the front part of the swing unit 2, the vaporizer 17 connected to the intake pipe 19 which protrudes from the internal combustion engine E, and the air cleaner 14 connected to this vaporizer 17 are provided.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the swing unit 2 cut along the crankshaft 201, and the same reference numerals denote the same or equivalent parts.

The swing unit 2 is covered by a crankcase 202 formed by incorporating left and right crankcases 202L and 202R, and the crankshaft 201 is bearings 208 and 209 fixed to the crankcase 202R. It is supported by rotation freely. Cone rods (not shown) are connected to the crankshaft 201 via the crank pins 213.

The left crankcase 202L also serves as a belt type CVT case, and a belt drive pulley 210 is rotatably provided on the crankshaft 201 extending to the left crankcase 202L. The belt driving pulley 210 is composed of a fixed side pulley half body 210L and a movable side pulley half body 210R, and the fixed side pulley half body 210L has a boss 211 at the left end of the crankshaft 201. ), The movable pulley half body 210R is splined to the crankshaft 201 on its right side and can approach and carry over the fixed side pulley half body 210L. The V belt 212 is wound between both pulley halves 210L and 210R.

On the right side of the movable pulley half body 210R, the cam plate 215 is fixed to the crankshaft 201, and the slide piece 215a provided at the outer circumferential end thereof is outside the movable pulley half body 210R. It slidably engages with the cam plate sliding boss portion 210Ra formed in the axial direction at the circumferential end thereof. The cam plate 215 of the movable side pulley half body 210R has a tapered surface inclined toward the cam plate 215 side around its outer circumference, and is located in a space between the tapered surface and the movable side pulley half body 210R. Dry weight pole 216 is housed.

When the rotation speed of the crankshaft 201 increases, the dry weight pawl 216 rotating together between the movable pulley half body 210R and the cam plate 215 moves in the centrifugal direction by centrifugal force. The movable pulley half body 210R is pressed by the dry weight pawl 216 and moves to the left to approach the fixed side pulley half body 210L. As a result, the V belt 212 sandwiched between the two pulley halves 210L and 210R moves in the centrifugal direction, and the winding diameter thereof becomes large.

A driven pulley (not shown) corresponding to the belt drive pulley 210 is provided at the rear of the vehicle, and the V belt 212 is wound around the driven pulley. The power of the internal combustion engine E is automatically adjusted and transmitted to the centrifugal clutch by this belt transmission mechanism, and drives the rear wheel RW via the deceleration mechanism 9 and the like.

In the right crankcase 202R, a starter and generator 1 in which a starter motor and an AC generator are combined are provided. In the starter and generator 1, the outer rotor 60 is fixed to the tip taper of the crankshaft 201 by a screw 253. The inner stator 50 installed inside the outer rotor 60 is supported by being screwed to the crankcase 202 by bolts 279. In addition, the configuration of the starter and generator (1) will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

The fan 280 fixes the end of the central cone portion 280a to the outer rotor 60 by bolts 246, and the fan 280 passes through the radiator 282 to the fan cover 281. Covered.

On the crankshaft 201, the sprocket 231 is fixed between the starter and generator 1 and the bearing 209, and the sprocket 231 drives the camshaft (not shown) from the crankshaft 201. The chain for is wound. In addition, the sprocket 231 is formed integrally with the gear 232 for transmitting power to the pump for circulating the lubricating oil.

3 and 4 are partially broken plan views and side cross-sectional views of the starter and generator 1 (permanent magnet rotary motor) perpendicular to the rotational axis (crankshaft 201), and FIGS. 5 and 6 are rotor yokes. Is a plan view and a partial enlarged view of the drawings, and the same reference numerals indicate the same or equivalent parts.

The starter and generator 1 of this embodiment is comprised from the stator 50 and the outer rotor 60 which rotates the outer periphery of the stator 50, as shown to FIG. 3, FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the outer rotor 60 includes a rotor yoke 61 formed by stacking a ring-shaped silicon steel sheet (thin plate) in a substantially cylindrical shape, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7. N-pole permanent magnets 62N and S-pole permanent magnets 62S alternately inserted into a plurality of openings 611 provided in the circumferential direction of the yoke 61 and the rotor as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. It is comprised by the cup-shaped rotor case 63 which connects the yoke 61 to the said crankshaft 201. As shown in FIG.

The rotor case 63 has a pole portion 63a at its circumferential end, and the rotor yoke 61 of the laminated structure is held in the axial direction by bending the pole portion 63a inward. Each permanent magnet 62 (62N, 62S) inserted into the opening 611 of the rotor yoke 61 is held at a predetermined position in the rotor yoke 61.

The stator 50 is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets (thin plates), and includes a stator core 51 and a stator protruding electrode 52 as shown in FIG. The stator windings 53 are wound around the stator protruding poles 52 in a unipolar concentrated manner, and the main surface of the stator 50 is covered with a protective cover 71.

5 and 6, the rotor yoke 61 is provided with twelve openings 611 into which the permanent magnets 62 are inserted in the axial direction at intervals of 30 degrees in the circumferential direction. The adjacent openings 611 function as the complementary portions 613.

In each of the openings 611, a permanent magnet 62 having a substantially drum-shaped cross section is inserted as shown in FIG. Here, in the present embodiment, the shape of the opening 611 and the cross-sectional shape of the permanent magnet 62 are not the same, and in the state where the permanent magnet 62 is inserted into the opening 611, each permanent magnet 62 is formed. The first air gap 612 is formed in both side portions along the circumferential direction of the (), and the second air gap 614 is formed in the stator side at both ends of each permanent magnet (62).

Next, the action of the slit 614 provided in the rotor yoke 61 and the cavity 612 formed between the rotor yoke 61 and the permanent magnet 62 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. do.

8 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density distribution when the starter and generator 1 function as a starter motor, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux density distribution when the generator 1 functions as a generator.

When the starter and generator 1 function as a starter motor, when an excitation current is supplied from the battery 42 to each stator winding 53 via the control unit 40, as shown in FIG. Magnetic force lines generated in the radial direction from the excited stator protruding pole 52N fall out from the stator side surface of the S-pole permanent magnet 62S, and most of them are the core part 615 and the beam of the rotor yoke 61. The stator protruding pole 52S excited to the adjacent S pole via the pole portion 613 is returned to the stator protrusion pole 52N excited to the N pole via the stator core 51.

At this time, in this embodiment, the space | gap 612 is formed in the both sides in the circumferential direction of each permanent magnet 62, and since the leakage magnetic flux from the side part of each permanent magnet 62 to the pole part 613 is reduced, Most of them are pulled out from each permanent magnet 62 to the core 615 of the rotor yoke 61 and again reach the stator 50 side via the pole portion 613. As a result, since the vertical component of the magnetic flux passing through the air gap between the outer rotor 60 and the stator 50 increases, it is possible to increase the driving torque as compared with the case where the air gap 612 is not provided. do.

Moreover, in this embodiment, since the slit 614 for restricting the circumferential path | route is formed also at the stator side in the both ends of the permanent magnet 62, it passes through the inside of the rotor yoke 61. Leakage flux decreases.

That is, as shown in FIG. 10 in an enlarged dashed circle circle in FIG. 8, one side 614A of the slit 614 has a magnetic flux B1 passing through the pole portion 613 of the rotor yoke 61. Interfering with the inner circumferential portion 616 of the 61, and acts to efficiently guide most of the magnetic flux (B1) to the stator protrusion 52S. The other side 614B of the slit 614 prevents the magnetic flux B2 passing through the inner circumferential portion 616 of the rotor yoke 61 from the permanent magnet 62N from leading to the pole portion 613. , And acts to induce most of the magnetic flux B2 efficiently to the stator protrusion 52S. As a result, the vertical component of the magnetic flux passing through the air gap between the outer rotor 60 and the stator 50 further increases, making it possible to further increase the driving torque as the starter motor.

On the other hand, when the starter and generator 1 function as a generator, as shown in FIG. 9, the magnetic flux generated from each permanent magnet 62 forms a closed path together with the stator protrusion and the stator core. Therefore, the generated current according to the rotation speed of the rotor can be generated in the stator winding.

Moreover, in this embodiment, when the regulator voltage by the regulator 100 demonstrated below is set to 14.5V, and the output voltage at the time of making the said starter and generator 1 function as a generator reaches | attains the said regulator voltage, a phase current will be set. Short circuit. As a result, a short-circuit current flows into the delay phase in each of the stator windings 53, the magnetic force lines passing through the stator 50 decrease, and the leakage magnetic flux between the adjacent permanent magnets 62 increases. The driven torque of the generator 1 is reduced, so that the load of the internal combustion engine E is reduced.

That is, as shown in an enlarged dashed circle in FIG. 9 in FIG. 11, between the adjacent permanent magnets 62S and 62N, the magnetic flux B3 passing through the outer circumferential portion 617 of the rotor yoke 61, The magnetic flux B4 passing through the pole portion 613 of the rotor yoke 61, the magnetic flux B5 passing through the inner circumferential portion 616 of the rotor yoke 61, and the inner circumferential portion of the rotor yoke 61. 616, the magnetic flux B6 via the air gap and the stator protruding electrode 52N is generated.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, each of the permanent magnets 62 has a rotor yoke 61 of the outer rotor 60 in the permanent magnet rotary motor having the pole portions 613 between the permanent magnets 62. ), The gap 612 and the slit 614 are provided between the rotor yoke 61 and the rotor yoke 61, so that the leakage flux between adjacent permanent magnets is reduced, and the outer rotor 60 and the stator 50 are separated. The magnetic flux that crosses the air gap portion of the vertically increases. Therefore, the drive torque at the time of functioning as a starter motor can be increased, without increasing the driven torque at the time of operating the permanent magnet rotary motor as a generator.

12 is a block diagram of the control system of the starter and generator 1, and the same reference numerals indicate the same or equivalent parts.

In the ECU, the output of the full-wave rectifier 300 and the three-phase full-wave rectifier 300 for full-wave rectifying the three-phase alternating current generated by the generator function of the starter and generator 1 and the regulator voltage (regulator operation) Voltage: For example, the regulator 100 is limited to 14.5V).

The ECU includes a magnetic pole sensor 29 (29U, 29V, 29W) for detecting the rotor angle, an ignition coil 21, a throttle sensor 23, a fuel sensor 24, a seat switch 25, and an idle switch 26. The cooling water temperature sensor 27 and the ignition pulser 30 are connected, and a detection signal is input to the ECU from each part. The spark plug 22 is connected to the secondary side of the ignition coil 21.

The ECU also includes starter relays 34, starter switches 35, stop switches 36 and 37, standby indicators 38, fuel indicators 39, speed sensors 40, motorcycles 41 and headlights. 42) is connected. The headlight 42 is provided with a dimmer switch 43.

Each of the above sections is supplied with current from the battery 46 via the main fuse 44 and the main switch 45. In addition, the battery 46 has a circuit which is directly connected to the ECU by the starter relay 34 and is connected to the ECU 3 via only the main fuse 44 without passing through the main switch 45.

Next, the control method of advancing electric power in this embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the waveform diagram of FIGS. 13-16.

In this embodiment, based on the detection signals of the respective magnetic pole sensors 29U, 29V, 29W, one rotation of the rotor is divided into a plurality of stages (# 0, # 1, # 2, ...), and the respective phase currents are described above. Control by stage unit.

As shown in FIG. 13, in this embodiment, 60 degrees (machine angle) of a rotor are made into 360 degrees of an electric angle, and this is divided into six stages (# 0 to # 5). Therefore, one stage is equivalent to 10 degrees of the machine angle. In the low rotation area and reverse rotation of the rotor, 120 ° of electrostatic (reverse) energization is performed at 5 ° (mechanical angle) with the electric angle, and 180 ° electrostatic energization of 180 ° with the electric angle is performed at the high rotation area of the rotor. Machine angle).

Fig. 14 is a signal waveform diagram at 120 ° electrostatic energization and 5 ° advancing, Fig. 15 is a signal waveform diagram at 180 ° electrostatic energization and 10 ° advancing, and Fig. 16 is a reverse 120 ° energization and 5 ° advancing. Signal waveform diagram of.

In this embodiment, each magnetic pole sensor 29U, 29V, 29W detects a change in the magnetic field and switches the energization timing for each phase at a timing at which the detection signal is displaced.

More specifically, at the 5 ° advance in the electrostatic 120 ° energization shown in FIG. 14, the timing at which the detection signal of the V-phase sensor (stimulus sensor 29V) falls, that is, from stage # 0 to stage # 1. ), The forward energization to the V phase is started, and the forward energization to the U phase is stopped. Similarly, at the timing when the detection signal of the U-phase sensor (stimulus sensor 29U) rises, that is, the timing of switching from stage # 1 to stage # 2, the reverse energization from the U phase is started, and the W phase is also started. Reverse energization is stopped. Similarly, at the timing when the detection signal of the W-phase sensor (stimulus sensor 29W) falls, that is, the timing of switching from stage # 2 to stage # 3, forward energization from the W phase is started, Forward energization of is stopped.

Similarly, the forward energization from the U phase to the reverse energization is switched at the switching timing from the stage #O to the stage # 1 even at a 10 ° angle in the electrostatic 180 ° energization shown in FIG. 15. Similarly, at the switching timing from the stage # 1 to the stage # 2, reverse energization to the W phase is switched to forward energization. Similarly, in the switching timing from stage # 2 to stage # 3, forward energization to V phase is switched to reverse energization.

In other words, in this embodiment, each magnetic pole sensor 29U, 29V, 29W detects a change in the magnetic field at the timing of switching the energization of each phase current, and arranges it in a predetermined position so as to displace the output of the detection signal. It is.

Thus, in this embodiment, since each said magnetic pole sensor was arrange | positioned at the predetermined position so that the switching timing of the electricity supply which advances phase current may be matched with the timing of displacement of the detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor 29, the phase current is advanced It is possible to perform the energization control at the time of making it accurate.

In the present embodiment, since the true angle is set to 5 degrees, which is half of 10 degrees, which is equivalent to one stage, the same magnetic pole sensor 29 as at the time of power failure is used even at the 5 degrees true angle in the reverse 120 degrees energization shown in FIG. Can be used to match the timing of switching the detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately perform the energization control at the time of advancing the phase current not only at the time of power failure but also at reverse.

According to this invention, the following effects are achieved.

(1) Since the switching timing of the energization in the advance control matches the detection timing of the magnetic field change by the magnetic pole sensor, the energization control in the advance control can be performed accurately.

(2) Since the advance angle was set to half of the angle equivalent to one stage, the timing of detection of magnetic field change by the stimulus sensor was set to the timing of switching the energization control during the advance control even at the 5 ° advance angle at the reverse 120 ° energization. Can be matched with

Claims (8)

A stator 50, its windings 53, and a plurality of permanent magnets 62 are arranged in a circumferential direction and formed into a substantially cylindrical rotor 60 which rotates with respect to the stator, and detects the rotational position of the rotor. In the brushless multi-phase AC electric machine having a magnetic pole sensor 29, wherein the phase current supplied to each phase is advanced by a predetermined amount based on the detection signal of the magnetic pole sensor. The rotor has a pole portion 613 between each permanent magnet adjacent to each other, A brushless polyphase AC electric machine comprising: advancing the energization timing by an angle corresponding to the width in the rotational direction of the pole so that the energization timing of phase current and the change timing of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic pole sensor are the same. The method of claim 1, The brushless polyphase alternating current is a brushless multiphase alternating current, characterized in that the starter motor is connected to the crank shaft (201) of the internal combustion engine to crank the internal combustion engine. delete A brushless polyphase alternating current that divides one rotation of the rotor into a plurality of stages based on the output signal of each magnetic pole sensor of the brushless polyphase alternating current electrical appliance according to claim 1 or 2, and controls each phase current by the stage unit. In the electricity supply control device, An electric current control device for a brushless multiphase AC electric machine characterized by advancing a phase of a phase current supplied to each phase by an angle of half of the angle equivalent to the one stage. The method of claim 4, wherein An energization control device for a brushless polyphase alternating current electricity, characterized in that the advance angle is the same at the time of power failure and at the time of reverse. The method of claim 4, wherein And when the rotational speed of the rotor exceeds a predetermined reference speed, converting the advance amount into the one-stage equivalent angle. The method of claim 4, wherein An electric current control device for a brushless multi-phase AC electric machine, wherein each phase is energized by 120 ° when the rotation speed of the rotor is equal to or less than the reference speed. The method of claim 4, wherein An electric current control device for a brushless multiphase alternating current (AC), wherein each phase is energized when the rotation speed of the rotor exceeds the reference speed.