KR100518979B1 - Plasma reaction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plasma reactor for treating fuel reforming and harmful gases using a rotating flow plasma. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plasma reactor using a high voltage difference between a reactor and an electrode installed inside the reactor. By inducing and forming a swirl structure, the raw material, which is the reaction source, can be rotated to initiate a reaction in a high temperature state within a few seconds. It is about.

Description

Plasma Reaction Apparatus

The present invention relates to a plasma reactor for treating fuel reforming and harmful gases using a rotating flow plasma. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plasma reactor using a high voltage difference between a reactor and an electrode installed inside the reactor. By inducing and forming a swirl structure, the raw material, which is the reaction source, can be rotated to initiate a reaction in a high temperature state within a few seconds. It is about.

Generally, the state of matter is divided into three states: solid, liquid, and gas. When energy is applied to the solid, the liquid becomes a liquid, and when energy is applied to the liquid again, the gas becomes a gas. And plasma, which is a fourth material state composed of ions, is observed in a natural state, such as lightning, aurora, and an ionic layer in the atmosphere. Examples of artificial plasma states in everyday life include fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, and neon signs. .

Such plasma is a gas state in which a gas having a large kinetic energy is separated from an atom or a molecule by an electron collision at an extremely high temperature, and is a gas state that is separated into a negatively charged electron and a positively charged ion. High and overall, the negative and positive charges are distributed at about the same density, and are electrically neutral.

Plasma is a high temperature plasma such as arc and high energy of electrons but low energy of ions is classified into low temperature plasma which is close to room temperature. It is generated by applying electric methods such as direct current, ultra-high frequency and electron beam, and then Use it to maintain this state.

The generation technology and the application of the plasma vary greatly depending on what pressure conditions are generated. Since the plasma can be stably generated under vacuum conditions with low pressure, the semiconductor process and the new material synthesis process generate plasma to generate a chemical reaction, deposition, In addition to corrosion, atmospheric plasma is used to treat gases that are harmful to the environment or to create new materials.

In recent years, odors, volatile organic compounds, chlorine and dioxin emitted from industrial processes are very harmful to the human body and the emission regulations are being tightened around the world. Accordingly, many technologies have been developed to deal with harmful gases. However, there are existing air pollution purification techniques such as incineration, catalysts, adsorption or biological treatment, but they are not sufficient to meet the tightening regulations.

In addition, the method of incineration and catalyst use requires a high temperature heat source, and the high temperature heat source needs to be continuously maintained, which consumes a considerably high cost.

Typically, the combustion process is initiated and maintained by heating a large amount of gas to the temperature at which free radicals such as O, OH and H are formed, which can initiate dissociation and oxidation reactions, and, in the case of pure hydrocarbons, complete molecular conversion Thereby forming water and carbon dioxide that can be directly released into the atmosphere, and the chemical efficiency of the molecular conversion depends on the generation and propagation of free radicals that effectively break carbon bonds, thus providing an alternative and efficient way to generate radicals and promote combustion. The way is required.

In the case of syngas production to create new materials, the conventional method has been to reform hydrocarbon-based fuels through catalysts at high temperature, but this method uses a burner to keep the reactor at a high temperature for longer than one hour. Limitations include time and volume of large reaction systems.

In addition, other recent results of using plasma to induce a reforming reaction have fixed plasma generation at the electrode end, which limits the efficiency and durability of the reaction, and is necessary for implementing an additional complex reaction system. Are present as a separate device from the reactor, which causes difficulties in system configuration.

Therefore, improvement of the system is required to have high operability, high durability and reaction efficiency that can start the reaction in a short time.

In addition, there is a need for a plasma reactor capable of satisfying the above improvements and implementing various plasma complex reactions.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, using a high voltage difference between the reactor and the electrode installed inside the reactor to induce a plasma reaction and form a swirl structure so that the raw material as a reaction source to rotate flow It is possible to start the reaction in a high temperature state within a few seconds, to realize the plasma complex reaction by forming a variety of center electrode flow path in the center electrode, and to provide a plasma reactor by forming a raw material inlet and an outlet on the upper side There is this.

The present invention has the following features to achieve the above object.

The present invention provides a plasma reactor comprising: a hollow reactor; And a conical center electrode inserted into the bottom of the reactor in a form spaced apart from the inner wall of the reactor to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction in the reactor, the interior of the reactor Plasma reaction section is formed at the lower side of the center of the narrow space between the center electrode and the inner wall of the reactor, the reactor inlet and the outlet for discharging the reactant material Are each formed, and the raw material inlet is communicated with the plasma reaction section.

The present invention also provides a plasma reactor, comprising: a hollow reactor; And a conical center electrode inserted into the ceiling surface of the reactor in a form spaced apart from the inner wall of the reactor to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction inside the reactor. A raw material inlet section is formed at an upper side of the inner space of the center electrode between the center electrode and the inner wall of the reactor, and the reactor includes a raw material inlet and a reactant for discharging the raw material. Discharge ports are formed, respectively, wherein the raw material inlet passage and the outlet are formed on the upper side of the reaction furnace so as to communicate with the raw material inlet section.

The present invention also provides a plasma reactor, comprising: a hollow reactor; And a conical center electrode inserted into the ceiling surface of the reactor in a form spaced apart from the inner wall of the reactor to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction inside the reactor. A raw material inlet section is formed at an upper side of the inner space of the center electrode between the center electrode and the inner wall of the reactor, and the reactor includes a raw material inlet and a reactant for discharging the raw material. Discharge ports are formed, respectively, and the raw material inlet is formed at an upper side of the reactor so as to communicate with the raw material inlet section, and the outlet has a length vertically extending from the bottom of the center electrode to the upper side thereof. It penetrates along the direction.

Hereinafter, one preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Example 1)

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Figures 2 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing an embodiment that can be modified according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the present invention is largely the raw material to generate a plasma reaction by forming a voltage difference between the reactor 10 and the reactor 10, and to cause the plasma reaction to rotate and flow The raw material inlet passage 30 is introduced, and the discharge port 40 is provided to discharge the reaction material formed after the plasma reaction.

The reactor 10 has a hollow cylindrical shape to have a predetermined receiving space, and is electrically grounded to form a voltage difference with the electrode 20 to cause a plasma reaction.

The electrode 20 is penetrated through a bottom surface of the reactor 10 and spaced apart from the inner wall 11 of the reactor 10 by a predetermined interval, and is electrically connected to form a high voltage state.

In addition, the electrode 20 in the form of a cone of the upper and lower light is formed with a cylinder extending on the bottom, the vertex of the cone, the connecting portion of the cone and the cylinder is formed round, the connection point of the cone and the cylinder gradually increases in the longitudinal direction It is widely formed.

In this case, the diameter of the extended cylinder may be relatively smaller than the lower diameter of the cone, thereby ensuring sufficient space for mixing between the raw materials introduced into the reactor 10.

In addition, as the upper side of the electrode 20 is rounded, the plasma rises through the rotational flow is induced to fall away from the electrode, which forms a high temperature reaction region at the electrode end, thereby significantly increasing the conversion rate of the fuel.

In addition, the electrode 20 has a central electrode flow path 60 to introduce a desired fluid to the plasma reaction into the plasma forming space of the reactor 10, the center electrode flow path 60 is the electrode 20 It has an inlet 61 formed at the bottom of the and an outlet 62 formed at the side.

Here, the inlet 61 of the center electrode channel 60 is formed to be introduced from the outside, the outlet 62 of the center electrode channel 60 is a faster and smoother fluid flowing through the inlet 61. Multiple can be formed to diffuse.

In addition, two or more central electrode flow paths 60 may be formed to be separated as shown in FIG. 4 to introduce different raw materials, and the outlet 62 may be positioned up and down so that a complex reaction may be realized by giving a time difference during the plasma reaction. Can be given.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outlet 62 of the center electrode flow path 60 is formed on the lower side based on the closest contact between the center electrode 20 and the inner wall 11 where the plasma is first formed to start the plasma reaction. The outlet 62 may be formed at the upper side, or one outlet 62 may be formed at the lower side and the other at the upper side.

Accordingly, when formed on the lower side, before the plasma reaction starts, the raw materials flowing from the raw material inlet passage 30 and the different raw materials flowing into the central electrode passage 60 are mixed to start the reaction. If formed, the raw material flowing from the raw material inlet passage 30 may cause some plasma reaction and then react again with other raw materials flowing from the central electrode channel 60 again.

Therefore, the outlet 62 side of the center electrode flow path 60 may be arranged in various forms according to the reaction conditions of the desired complex reaction.

In addition, the outlet 62 is formed in a swirl structure so as to be inclined with the outer surface of the electrode 20 so that the incoming raw material rotates.

On the other hand, the inflow path 30 is integrally coupled to the lower side of the reactor 10, it is connected to the outside so that the raw material can be introduced from the outside.

Here, the inflow path 30 is also formed through the swirl structure inclined with the wall surface so that the incoming raw material rotates in the plasma forming space.

On the other hand, the discharge port 40 is provided in an open form so as to be discharged to the outside on the upper side of the reactor 10, the discharge port 40 has a diameter the same as the reactor 10 to quickly react to the plasma Of course, it is possible to form a small diameter of the outlet or to form a plurality of pores for the purpose of longer plasma reaction time.

(Example 2)

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the second embodiment of the present invention is largely the reaction electrode 10, the center electrode 20 for generating a plasma reaction by forming a voltage difference between the reactor 10, and the rotational flow plasma reaction It consists of a raw material inlet path 30 through which the raw material is introduced so as to cause the discharge, and a discharge port 40 provided to discharge the reaction material formed after the plasma reaction.

The center electrode 20 is installed in a form penetrated through the ceiling surface of the reactor 10, the raw material inlet passage 30 is located above the closest contact between the center electrode 20 and the reactor (10). In addition, the outlet 40 is also located at the upper side, the incoming material is rotated and the reaction time causing the plasma reaction is further increased.

This is because the raw material introduced from the upper side causes a plasma reaction and flows to the lower side, and then discharges again to the upper side.

(Example 3)

6 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the third embodiment of the present invention is largely the reaction electrode 10, the center electrode 20 for generating a plasma reaction by forming a voltage difference between the reactor 10, and the rotational flow plasma reaction The raw material inlet path 30 through which the raw material is introduced, and the reaction material formed after the plasma reaction are discharged so that the raw material is introduced, and the discharge port 40 penetrates in the longitudinal direction of the center electrode 20.

The center electrode 20 is installed in a form penetrated through the ceiling surface of the reactor 10, the raw material inlet passage 30 is located above the closest contact between the center electrode 20 and the reactor (10). do.

In addition, the discharge port 40 is formed through the center in the longitudinal direction of the center electrode 20, and thus the raw material flowing through the raw material inlet passage 30 proceeds to the lower side while causing a plasma reaction, the center electrode 20 The reactant is discharged through the outlet 40 formed through the center thereof.

As described above, the present invention induces a plasma reaction using a high voltage difference between the reactor and the electrode installed inside the reactor, forms a swirl structure, and allows the raw material, which is the reaction source, to rotate and flow within a few seconds. The reaction can be initiated.

In addition, it is possible to implement a plasma complex reaction by variously forming the center electrode flow path in the center electrode, and the center electrode is installed in the ceiling of the reactor to be introduced into the lower side, and the plasma reaction time is increased by penetrating the raw material inflow path and the outlet through the upper side. Increase the reaction efficiency.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing embodiments that can be modified according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasma reactor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: reactor 11: inner wall

20: center electrode 30: raw material inlet

40: outlet 50: raw material inlet section

60: center electrode flow path 61: inlet

62: exit

Claims (12)

In the plasma reactor, A hollow reactor 10; The center of the conical shape is introduced into the bottom surface of the reactor 10 in a shape spaced apart from the inner wall 11 of the reactor 10 to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction in the reactor 10 It is configured to include an electrode 20, the inside of the reactor 10 is located on the lower side of the center of the narrow gap between the center electrode 20 and the inner wall 11 of the reactor (10) A raw material inlet section 50 is formed, and the reactor 10 is provided with a raw material inlet path 30 for introducing the raw material and an outlet 40 for discharging the reactant, respectively, and the raw material inlet path 30 ) Is in communication with the raw material inlet section (50). The method of claim 1, Plasma reaction apparatus, characterized in that the center electrode 20 is formed in the center electrode 20 to enable the supply of raw materials into the reactor (10). The method of claim 2, The center electrode flow path 60 has an inlet 61 and an outlet 62 formed on the bottom and top of the center electrode 20, respectively, and is formed vertically from the inlet 61 to the outlet 62. Plasma reactor. The method of claim 2, The center electrode flow path (60) is characterized in that the inlet and the outlet is formed on the bottom and side of the center electrode 20, respectively. The method of claim 4, wherein A plurality of outlets are formed in the center electrode flow path (60), so that the center electrode flow path is branched into a plurality of branches within the center electrode. The method of claim 5, The outlets are plasma reactor characterized in that formed with a difference in height. The method of claim 6, The upper outlets of the outlets are formed to be located above the raw material inlet section of the reactor, the lower outlets of the outlets are formed to be located on the raw material inlet section of the reactor Reactor. The method of claim 6, And the outlets are all formed above the raw material inlet section of the reactor. The method of claim 6, And the outlets are all formed on the raw material inlet section of the reactor. The method of claim 1, The electrode 20 is a cone of upper and lower light, and a cylinder is formed on the bottom thereof, and a vertex of the cone and a connection portion between the cone and the cylinder are rounded, and the connection point between the cone and the cylinder is gradually widened in the lengthwise upward direction. Plasma reaction apparatus, characterized in that formed. In the plasma reactor, A hollow reactor 10; In order to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction in the reactor (10) of the conical shape to be introduced into the ceiling surface of the reactor (10) in a form spaced apart from the inner wall 11 of the reactor (10) It comprises a center electrode 20, the inside of the reactor 10, the upper side around the center of the narrow gap between the center electrode 20 and the inner wall 11 of the reactor (10) In the raw material inlet section 50 is formed, the reactor 10 is formed in the raw material inlet path 30 for introducing the raw material and the discharge port 40 for discharging the reactant, respectively, the raw material inlet ( 30) and the discharge port (40) is a plasma reactor, characterized in that formed on the upper side of the reactor (10) in communication with the raw material inlet section (50). In the plasma reactor, A hollow reactor 10; In order to form a discharge voltage for the plasma reaction in the reactor (10) of the conical shape to be introduced into the ceiling surface of the reactor (10) in a form spaced apart from the inner wall 11 of the reactor (10) It comprises a center electrode 20, the inside of the reactor 10, the upper side around the center of the narrow gap between the center electrode 20 and the inner wall 11 of the reactor (10) In the raw material inlet section 50 is formed, the reactor 10 is formed in the raw material inlet path 30 for introducing the raw material and the discharge port 40 for discharging the reactant, respectively, the raw material inlet ( 30 is formed on the upper side of the reactor 10 so as to communicate with the raw material inlet section 50, the outlet 40 is the center in the form perpendicular to the upper side from the bottom of the center electrode 20 Plasma reaction, characterized in that formed through the electrode 20 along the longitudinal direction Value.