KR100516845B1 - Filter media containing melamine foam and biofilter comprising said filter media - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sewage and sewage treatment media including melamine foam, and a sewage and sewage treatment biofilter composed of a support network for securing the space and the support and the media, more specifically sprayed intermittent Sewage and sewage can be effectively absorbed by melamine foam using the biofilter, and filtered and purified by attached microorganisms, thereby effectively treating sewage and sewage.

Description

Filter media containing melamine foam and biofilter comprising said filter media}

     The present invention is to filter the absorbed intermittent sewage and sewage into the melamine foam and at the same time to purify by the attached microorganisms sewage and sewage treatment media comprising the melamine foam that can effectively treat sewage and sewage and the media And it relates to a sewage and sewage treatment biofilter composed of a support network for securing the space and the support of the filter medium.

Sewage and sewage treatment devices or methods are very numerous and diverse. In particular, devices and methods using media or carriers have been used in recent years for increased efficiency and advanced processing. These devices and methods have properties for each process depending on the type of medium or carrier, the process and the technical operation. In addition, these apparatuses and methods have advantages and disadvantages and characteristics, and suitability is determined according to the characteristics of the incoming sewage and sewage, and the application location of the treatment method.

From the point of view of the above-mentioned applications and the characteristics and environmental characteristics of the incoming sewage and sewage, the area referred to as the dispersed area is different from the facilities in other urban areas. Dispersed areas include rural villages, military units, small apartment houses, and resorts. Sewage and sewage treatment facilities installed in these areas should consider the following.

First, it is difficult to install sewage and sewage pipes regionally and economically. Second, it is difficult to manage the connection to the sewage treatment plant. Second, it is difficult to maintain the facility because the manager is unable to reside due to the distributed and small relationship. This is because they are very sensitive to noise, and fourthly, the flow fluctuations are very severe over time and season, and finally, the treatment water is discharged directly into the river or farmland, so it should not cause secondary pollution.

However, the treatment methods and facilities for distributed areas developed to date are not developed for distributed areas only, and most of them are large scale sewage treatment methods applied by simply reducing the scale or modifying some processes. Not suitable for sewage and sewage treatment.

Sewage and sewage treatment devices and methods that are suitable for distributed areas are advantageous because of the devices and methods that fully consider the characteristics of the dispersed areas, so the process is simple and excludes complex facilities, and severe flow and concentration changes or the supply of sewage or sewage are stopped. Should be able to respond in the event of Such methods may utilize biofilter technologies that can efficiently and simply process microorganisms by attaching them to media or carriers.

However, many of the conventional techniques have been activated sludge treatment by activating microorganisms in sewage or sewage and removing the sludges, or incorporating media or carriers to induce effective microorganism attachment or adding anaerobic or aerobic tanks and sludges. As the technologies such as returning of oil, most of the methods developed for large-scale or medium-scale sewage treatment are simply scaled down, and thus they are not suitable for small-scale treatment. On the other hand, biofilter devices with fixed contact media with simple process and easy maintenance are mainly processed using wood chips, polyurethane foam, and minerals as media. Since these processes are simple, the supply of a device that reflects the characteristics of the media determines efficiency and performance.

In the above-described biofilter methods, since sewage and sewage are injected and supplied downward after being discharged by gravity, the biofilter processes may show differences in retention time, adhesion amount and attachment time of microorganisms, and the like. When the sewage supply flows through the wall or deflected flow due to the channelization phenomenon, and the microorganisms inhabit only the surface of the filter medium, such as the efficiency is reduced or the size should be large. In addition, since the efficiency is determined according to the activity of the microorganisms, there was a disadvantage in that the treatment efficiency is lower in winter.

Sewage and sewage treatments in dispersed areas should be able to cope with severe flow and concentration changes, minimize the complexity of mechanical and electrical installations, and simplify maintenance. The problem that deflection flow occurs due to the flow of sewage and sewage on the wall or by the channelization phenomenon, the microorganisms inhabit only the surface of the media and the efficiency decreases and the long time is required for microorganism attachment, and the treatment efficiency is the activity of the microorganisms. In order to improve the fact that there is no active alternative to the problem of microbial growth deterioration in winter despite being completely dependent on the present invention, the present inventors have found that the melamine foam mainly used for the construction materials or sound absorbing materials in the construction field and the automobile industry is filtered. And microbial attachment growth can be performed simultaneously With the ability to absorb moisture and have excellent ability to retain moisture for a long time and have very fine continuous voids, it is possible to maximize the specific surface area and develop new applications for melamine foam as a medium for sewage and sewage treatment. The present invention has been completed by constructing a biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment that can utilize the above uses.

Accordingly, the present invention is to provide a filter and a biofilter for sewage and sewage that can effectively treat sewage and sewage by absorbing intermittent sewage and sewage into melamine foam and purifying by attached microorganisms. have.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biofilter including a planar heating element which can easily maintain an appropriate temperature of a reaction tank at low energy in order to actively improve the treatment efficiency due to a decrease in microbial growth occurring during winter sewage and sewage treatment. There is this.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a media for sewage and sewage treatment, including melamine foam.

In addition, the present invention provides a biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment, comprising a filter medium including melamine foam stacked in an irregular shape and a support network for securing the space and supporting the filter medium.

The melamine foam is porous with melamine resin as a raw material and has continuous pores.

In addition, the present invention provides a biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment, further comprising a planar heating element on the outside of the biofilter.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail.

Melamine foam used in the present invention is a foamed resin body made of a melamine resin as a raw material, a material developed by BASF Actiengegel Shaft, Germany, and its manufacturing method is specified in Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0098612. According to the above patent application melamine resin foam (Melamine resin foam) is specified to be a continuous foam melamine foam with improved fire resistance and the surface of the foam structure partially or completely coated with ammonium salt, the melamine foamable number according to the patent application It is described that the retard can be used not only in the construction field and in the automobile industry, but also in the shipbuilding field for heat radiation and sound insulation of the engine compartment. In addition, the melamine resin foam is used as a building material and a flaw material, but because of the fine pores and excellent mechanical strength of the melamine foam is also used in Korea. In addition, according to BASF Korea's Internet homepage, which owns manufacturing technology, melamine foam is an open-cell melamine resin foam made of thermosetting melamine resin, and has an ultrafine three-dimensional network structure. It has excellent sound-absorbing effect, heat insulation and flame retardant flame retardant, and is a high heat-resistant ultra-light-weight sound-absorbing heat insulating material with continuous usable temperature of more than 150 ~ 180 ° C. Melamine resin foam is the only special foam produced by BASF in the world. It is a unique foam that completely compensates for the shortcomings of Styropol, Polyurethane foam, Fiberglass, and nonwoven fabrics. Due to its physical properties, it is described as an item that is rapidly increasing in the European and American markets as well as in the domestic market.

Architectural fields such as auditoriums, indoor gymnasiums, religious facilities, various entertainment establishments, public institutions, educational facilities, and factories; Automotive and railroad vehicle applications such as engine covers, various liners, and door panels; Electrical and electronic fields, such as insulation for product noise prevention and energy saving; General industrial fields such as various thermal insulation insulators, pipe insulation covers, boiler insulations, and sound absorbing insulation materials; Aerospace, such as airplanes and spacecraft sound-absorbing insulation interior materials; Or, for example, eco-friendly microfiber, kitchen sponges and other goods.

Melamine foam used in the present invention is mainly used in the building materials, especially sound-absorbing material or soundproofing material by using the action of absorbing and attenuating noise in the fine pores due to the characteristics of having a porous and fine continuous pores as shown in FIG. In recent years, it has been used as a sanitary product, which is a new use by discovering the strength characteristics of its own material composed of ultra-fine yarn, but it has not been used for sewage and sewage treatment at all.

On the contrary, in the present invention, the melamine foam is very high hydrophilic and many continuous pores can be used for filtration and microbial adhesion growth, so that it can be used as an effective media in the sewage and sewage treatment field. The development of the filter led to the present invention.

In the present invention, a melamine foam having a melamine resin foamed as a raw material and having continuous pores is used as a medium for sewage and sewage treatment.

In general, a variety of hydrophilic materials exist, but not many porous and high hydrophilic materials. Such porous high hydrophilic media includes, besides melamine foam, PVA foam, pulp foam, cellulose foam, and rock wool. However, PVA foam does not have the initial physical properties when water is removed and hardening occurs, and thus the initial hydrophilicity cannot be maintained. In addition, cellulose foam, pulp foam is a processed product of natural materials, so the stability of supply and demand is not secured, and it is difficult to obtain easily, and rock wool has a weak durability in long-term use.

The sewage and sewage treatment media including melamine foam is characterized by having fine continuous pores with an excellent ability to continuously absorb water while retaining water once absorbed. In the present invention, the microporous serves to prevent microorganisms from attaching in large quantities and to prevent detachment of the microorganisms attached thereto.

In particular, the sewage and sewage treatment medium including the melamine foam used in the present invention is formed by the voids continuously, there is an advantage that the microorganism and sewage and sewage or air can be freely moved, as well as the smooth supply of air. In addition, when sewage or sewage is supplied, it instantly absorbs sewage or sewage, which is tens to hundreds of times its volume, so that the flow of sewage or sewage through walls or walls of the sewage or sewage can be achieved by simply applying the media containing melamine foam. It is possible to prevent the deflection flow to flow to only one side and there is an advantage that no additional device such as a conventionally used skirt.

It is difficult to expect a positive effect when the melamine foam used in the present invention is used as a carrier or contact medium of the activated sludge process, which is a representative sewage and sewage treatment method in which sewage and sewage are desalted in a reaction tank and various biological treatment methods using the same. In the above methods, the high hydrophilicity of the melamine foam and the ability to retain water for a long time are meaningless. Therefore, the filter medium containing melamine foam according to the present invention is characterized in that the melamine foam is only used as a fixed contact filter in the biofilter and modified spraying water treatment methods in which sewage and sewage are introduced through a spraying or spraying process. Can be used sufficiently.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the biofilter according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

1 shows a biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment comprising a filter medium comprising a melamine foam 1 according to the present invention stacked in an amorphous form and a support net 8 for supporting and securing the space of the filter medium. At this time, the support net is made of stainless steel, the spacing between the net is composed of a network and the support structure having two to four layered arrangement within the 50cm ~ 100cm.

According to Figure 1, the incoming sewage or sewage is the sewage and sewage filtered out of large particles and contaminants of 3-5 mm or more is generally used sewage or sewage filtered in a single purification tank or multi-stage septic tank. These sewage and sewage is intermittently supplied through the pipe to the appropriate treatment capacity by the submersible pump, and even sewage or sewage is evenly distributed through the injection nozzle (2) that there is no blockage of particles of about 3 mm and there is no empty space during the injection. In the reaction tank 17, there is a support network 8 that enables the support of the media and at the same time secures space for air circulation, and a media 1 including melamine foam stacked in an irregular shape thereon. Melamine foam media (1) has a porous characteristic in itself and there are spaces (3) that can move the air, sewage and sewage between the media stacked in an irregular shape. When the supply of sewage and sewage is made to absorb a large amount of sewage and sewage instantaneously in the melamine foam (1) and gradually flows while securing a sufficient residence time down by gravity in the downward direction. In particular, melamine foam (1) excellent in water retention capacity can hold a large amount of sewage and sewage until the next supply of sewage and sewage. An air circulation pipe 4 made of plastic is connected to the upper and lower portions of the reaction tank, and a low noise and low power fan 7 for allowing air circulation is installed in the middle thereof. In particular, the upper portion of the fan (7) is provided with a groove (5) through which the fresh air can be introduced to receive oxygen (6) that is insufficient in the process of circulating the air inside. The air supplied to the bottom is circulated 13 from the bottom to the top as opposed to the flow direction 14 of the sewage and sewage. The upper part of the reactor is provided with an air filter 18 consisting of a charcoal (non-woven fabric) and a charcoal having a granule of 2-3 mm to block odors and to slowly exit the air inside.

In addition, the aerobic and anoxic conditions are alternately formed by removing the air inlet groove 5 and the air filter 18 and alternately repeating the operation and non-operation of the airflow fan 7 together with the above-described aerobic operation. It is also possible to apply the operation method to improve the nitrogen treatment efficiency by inducing denitrification.

In the biofilter of the present invention, in order to solve the problems such as deterioration of winter treatment efficiency and microbial growth, which are generated in most sewage and sewage treatment devices, etc., the form is coated with a synthetic resin film for insulation and moisture proof in ultra-fine carbon fiber material Planar heating element 15 is attached to the outside of the biofilter. The planar heating element rises only around 50 degrees Celsius, so there is no fear of overheating, and it reaches the target temperature within a few seconds, and the temperature of around 20 degrees Celsius suitable for microbial activity by the temperature sensor and the sensor inside the reactor. Keep it. The planar heating element used in the present invention should ensure performance and stability even in free form deformation and cutting, such as paper or fabric. In addition, it is intermittently operated by a temperature sensor during the winter season, and increases the energy efficiency by adding a heat insulating material 16 secured against deformation and fire at about 100 degrees outside.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples. However, the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

Example 1 Comparison of Melamine Foam Media and Similar Foam Media

Since the amount of sewage and sewage absorption and instantaneous absorption of the media when spraying or spraying the sewage and sewage have a great influence on the retention time, treatment efficiency, deflection flow and deflection of sewage and sewage, The dry weight, instantaneous absorption weight, and deposition absorption weight of the media including melamine foam and media applied to the existing similar treatment apparatus were tested and the results are shown in Table 1.

Each medium was tested to have a porous characteristic, and the standard used was a cubic shape of 4 cm in width, length, and height. The instantaneous absorption weight was removed after contacting each filter medium with water for 1 second, excluding the amount of water lost by gravity, and then weighed.

Submerged absorption weight was removed by contacting with water sufficiently and then weighed in the same manner as the instantaneous absorption weight. In addition, for the relative evaluation, the ratio of the amount of absorption to the dry weight was compared.

The media used in the experiments were PVA foams, rock wool, and cellulose foams with hydrophilic characteristics for comparison with the melamine foams used in the present invention. Urethane foams were compared using two types of voids (polyurethane foam 1) and large (polyurethane foam 2).

From the results of Table 1, it can be seen that the melamine foam of the present invention was very excellent in the instantaneous absorption compared to the polyurethane foams, and also the difference between the instantaneous absorption and the deposition absorption is small.

Therefore, the above results demonstrate that the media containing melamine foam absorbs a lot of water instantaneously and has a great ability to hold it for a long time, and the sewage or sewage is supplied by spraying or spraying the media containing such melamine foam. When applied to a biofilter type treatment device, not only the sewage or sewage treatment efficiency is excellent, but also the sewage or sewage generated during sewage or sewage supply or the sewage or sewage deflection flow due to the channelization phenomenon can be prevented. Can be.

Dry weight (A) Instantaneous absorption weight (B) Immersion Absorption Weight (C) B / A ratio C / A ratio Melamine foam 0.51 g 61.25 g 62.86 g 120.78 123.96 PVA Foam 2.26 g 46.82 g 57.56 g 20.71 25.47 Rock wool 3.89 g 49.71 g 54.52 g 12.78 14.06 Cellulose Foam (Pulp Foam) 1.65 g 54.43 g 60.28 g 32.99 36.53 Polyurethane Foam 1 1.29 g 3.89 g 47.40 g 3.00 36.61 Polyurethane Foam 2 1.91 g 23.11 g 33.30 g 12.07 17.40

[Example 2] Evaluation of the coping ability by blocking the sewage and sewage supply

After 10 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, one week and one month, the filter medium was sprinkled with sufficient sewage for 30 seconds in each of the reactors using the melamine foam filter according to the present invention and the reactors filled with similar media in the same reactor. The weight of sewage holdings was measured and compared.

The media used in the experiments were cubes of 4 cm in width, length, and height, each of which was randomly selected prior to filling the media, and each weight was measured, and then the average value was used as the weight before spraying. In the same manner as in 1, after completely immersing in sewage, the weight was measured and used as the reference for retention rate ⁽²⁾ .

The weight of each media and the weight of each media measured by randomly taking three media at the top of the reaction vessel for each time period were divided by the initial complete deposition weight and the retention rate ⁽²⁾ is shown.

From the results of Table 2, the absorbency of the melamine foam was very good compared to the polyurethane foam similarly to Example 1, although there were some differences depending on the media. The media were superior to the polyurethane foam.

That is, most of the melamine foam media and hydrophilic foams used in the present invention showed a retention of 90% or more, but only 39% of the polyurethane foam media. In addition, after 30 days, melamine foam and cellulose foam had enough sewage to be judged by the naked eye and by hand.However, in the case of polyurethane foam media, the amount of sewage was lost after 7 days. Most of the sewage was removed except for the remaining contaminants, and after 30 days, the retention rate was 6%. This 6% was judged to be the weight due to the accumulation of contaminants.

In addition, hydrophilic foams showed differences, which were initially insignificant, but showed a difference in retention capacity after a long period of time. The loss of initial hydrophilicity was seen.

Therefore, from the above results, if the sewage and sewage treatment using melamine foam, even if the supply of sewage or sewage is interrupted during the operation of the apparatus, or if the situation occurs due to mechanical failure or maintenance of the apparatus or equipment, the microbial death or desorption phenomenon occurs. It can be seen that it can be operated without, and it can be normalized within a shorter time than when the treatment facility is restarted, which is considered to be superior to other treatment facilities and devices in terms of protection and stability of the facility.

Measuring time Comparison of sewage reserves and retention rates by media over time Melamine foam PVA Foam Rock wool Cellulose Foam (Pulp Foam) Polyurethane foam Measured value (g) Retention rate ⁽²⁾ (%) Measured value (g) Retention rate ⁽²⁾ (%) Measured value (g) Retention rate ⁽²⁾ (%) Measured value (g) Retention rate ⁽²⁾ (%) Measured value (g) Retention rate ⁽²⁾ (%) Sprinkler ⁽¹⁾ 0.5 0 2.3 0 3.7 0 1.7 0 1.8 0 Immersion absorption 64.2 100 57.7 100 53.6 100 63.3 100 32.0 100 10 minutes 61.6 96 54.2 94 47.7 89 55.5 92 12.1 39 1 hours 57.0 89 50.2 87 34.8 65 50.0 83 8.1 26 3 hours 55.1 86 40.9 71 27.9 52 48.8 81 7.1 23 24 hours 44.2 69 27.7 48 23.6 44 37.9 63 4.0 13 7 days 38.4 60 19.0 33 21.9 41 29.5 49 2.5 8 30 days 32.6 51 15.0 26 19.3 36 27.1 45 1.9 6.6

⁽¹⁾ Before spraying: The average weight of the initial media by each media was shown, and the retention rate was 0%.

⁽²⁾ Retention rate: The mean value of the measured weight of each medium / the absorbed absorbed weight (see Example 1) after the passage of time

[Example 3] Winter efficiency verification

In the biofilter where most of microorganism activity greatly affects the treatment efficiency, it is conventionally designed to increase the scale in consideration of the decrease in winter treatment efficiency, to reinforce insulation of external buildings, or to arrange heating wires in heating or piping. Although high energy and economically inefficient coping were common, in the present invention, a reaction vessel using a planar heating element having only 200 to 400 W.hr per square meter was constructed to compare the winter treatment efficiency with the same reactor not applying the planar heating element. .

In both reactors, there was no difference in treatment efficiency during the summer when the temperature was not low. While the inflow concentration of sewage and sewage tends to be higher in winter, the general situation in which microbial growth slows down and the treatment efficiency drops rapidly is observed in a reactor without a planar heating element, whereas in the biofilter according to the present invention, winter treatment efficiency The decrease in was significantly reduced.

Therefore, the biofilter according to the present invention does not use electric and mechanical devices other than the submersible pump and the small air circulation fan, so that the energy use is not only significantly smaller than the conventional sewage and sewage treatment apparatus, but also saves a part of such energy. If it is used in the biofilter of the present invention for the winter treatment efficiency, it is possible to configure a treatment facility without deteriorating the treatment efficiency throughout the year.

division Biofilter without Planar Heating Element Biofilter with Planar Heating Element Influent Concentration Effluent Concentration Throughput% Influent Concentration Effluent Concentration Throughput% BOD (mg / L) 151.2 32.2 78.7 151.2 10.4 93.6 SS (mg / L) 98.6 19.7 80.0 98.6 8.4 91.5

Example 4 Efficiency Verification of Sewage and Sewage Treatment System Using Melamine Foam

In order to verify the treatment efficiency of the biofilter of the present invention using melamine foam, a prototype of 2㎥ / day scale was produced and operated for one year, and the inflow and outflow concentrations of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and SS (floating matter) items And the treatment rate is shown in Table 4 as the seasonal average value.

division Spring (March-May) Summer (June to August) Autumn (September-November) Winter (December to February) Inflow concentration Runoff concentration Throughput% Inflow concentration Runoff concentration Throughput% Inflow concentration Runoff concentration Throughput% Inflow concentration Runoff concentration Throughput% BOD (mg / L) 134.2 8.2 93.7 121.6 5.6 95.4 139.3 7.8 94.4 151.2 10.4 93.6 SS (mg / L) 86.7 6.4 91.8 72.5 3.8 94.7 88.2 7.2 91.8 98.6 8.4 91.5

From the results of Table 4, when treating the sewage and sewage using the biofilter according to the present invention showed a stable treatment of more than 90% in all items evenly throughout the year. Especially, in winter, inflow concentration generally tends to be higher, but in this experiment, inflow concentration was also high. However, since the biofilter of the present invention includes a planar heating element which is a constant temperature device for the winter season, it shows a stable winter treatment efficiency without being different from other seasons.

Melamine foam media according to the present invention has the effect of absorbing the sewage or sewage instantaneously when supplying sewage and sewage to compensate for the shortcomings of the sewage or sewage, deflection flow and wall flow without a separate device, such as a skirt, Biofilter using filter media enables the initial attachment of microorganisms and the growth of many microorganisms by using the filter media having fine continuous pores, and at the same time, it can remove suspended solids with excellent filtering function.

In addition, sewage or sewage is retained in the media until re-supply of sewage or sewage, which ensures sufficient processing time by microorganisms, thereby improving treatment efficiency, and using media having excellent sewage and sewage retention capabilities. Therefore, even if there is no supply of sewage or sewage for a long period of several months or more, there is an effect that the death of microorganisms does not occur, and in particular, it is possible to normalize the treatment efficiency immediately upon resupply of sewage or sewage.

In addition, by installing a thermostat using a low-power plane heating element in the reaction tank can maintain the temperature required for the growth of microorganisms with minimum thermal insulation even in winter, it can always ensure a constant treatment efficiency.

Therefore, the biofilter of the present invention can prevent the difficulty of maintenance and the operation stoppage due to frequent mechanical failures by minimizing the mechanical facilities as compared to the conventional biological advanced processing, and with a simple control device without special personnel Dispersion area with strong fluctuations in the flow rate of sewage and sewage because unmanned operation is possible, and sludge treatment of the reactor itself is unnecessary, and maintenance is simple compared with conventional high-treatment facilities that require back washing or periodic sludge treatment. It can be suitable for sewage and sewage treatment apparatus.

1 shows a block diagram of a biofilter according to the present invention,

Figure 2 shows a microscope enlarged picture of the melamine foam according to the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals in the drawings>

1: melamine foam media, 2: spray nozzle, 3: space, 4: air circulation pipe,

5: groove, 6: oxygen supply, 7: fan, 8: support net, 9: support, 11, 12: outlet,

13: air circulation, 14: flow direction of sewage and sewage, 15: planar heating element,

16: insulation material, 17: reaction tank, 18: air filter

Claims (6)

 Sewage and sewage treatment characterized by porous melamine resin foamed from the raw material, having continuous pores, continuous foamed melamine foam partially or completely coated on the surface of the bubble structure with ammonium salts, and used in the spraying water phase process and being a fixed contact medium. Dragon media. delete delete delete Biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment comprising a filter medium comprising the melamine foam of claim 1 stacked in an irregular shape and a support network for securing the space and supporting the filter medium. The biofilter for sewage and sewage treatment according to claim 5, wherein the biofilter further comprises a planar heating element on the outside thereof.