KR100508808B1 - Method of and apparatus for digital contents play with bar code - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a bar code reading device for reading bar codes from a bar code list; An operation signal input device for inputting an operation control signal of the playback device; A control signal input unit for analyzing and converting the barcode reading signal and the operation signal inputted from the barcode reading device and the operation signal input device to the control unit; A storage device for storing a digital content data file and an index file in which a bar code is used as an index code for a plurality of digital contents to be stored, and recording position information for each unit section for each title or digital content; Analyze and decode the data stored in the storage device to extract the index file, search the index file stored in the storage device by the barcode reading signal applied from the control signal input unit, and extract a predetermined digital content data file, A control unit which controls each part to perform an operation corresponding to an operation signal for controlling an operation of the controller; A DMA controller; Digital / analog converters and amplifiers; With a speaker; The present invention provides a playback apparatus for digital content using a barcode and a method of controlling the same, wherein the barcode identification number is input and the display unit displays an operation state of the playback apparatus by the controller and a title of the information or the playback digital contents.

Description

Apparatus and method for reproducing digital content using barcodes {Method of and apparatus for digital contents play with bar code}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reproducing digital contents, and more particularly, to music, video, language, books, drawings, learning, product information, commercial information, technical information, other information, or various kinds thereof. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reproducing digital content using a barcode, wherein the barcode is stored as an index code and stored and reproduced in the digitization, storage and playback of complex multimedia information.

Recently, various contents as mentioned above are distributed in spot products such as CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, and the like, and these contents are digitalized into digital files, and the sellers and users (consumers) Or users).

One of the important elements in the online / offline distribution process of various contents as described above is an index of physical goods such as CDs, cassette tapes and DVDs sold or provided, or digital contents in which the contents of the contents are digitally produced. Code, and a search or sales list that categorizes and organizes them.

In-kind digital contents, such as CDs, cassette tapes, and DVDs, as well as distributed unit digital contents, are composed of several to tens of unit files, each of which is divided into a single unit within a certain unit, and its playing time can be several tens to many. It is made up of a huge amount of time, and the physical goods and digital contents such as CD, cassette tape, and DVD, which are handled at the sales outlets, are very diverse and range from tens to tens of thousands of the same kind.

Therefore, the spot commodities such as CDs, cassette tapes and DVDs, or digital content providers or distributors are required to index indexes for spot commodities such as CDs, cassette tapes and DVDs, or for each digital content for convenience of storage, distribution, and retrieval. Of course, you need a search list.

As described above, the index codes assigned to each spot product or unit digital content such as one CD, cassette tape, DVD, and the like, and the method of creating a search list or a sales list that summarize them, have not been standardized. Are using their own index code when making and commercializing them,

As a result, sellers who receive and handle physical goods and digital contents such as CDs, cassette tapes, and DVDs from various producers have difficulty in organizing search lists or sales lists into unified codes. In order to create a search file, a lot of time and manpower has been invested, and the format of the index file or search file has not been standardized until now, and various proposals have been proposed in the industry.

For the same reason, sales of spot products such as CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, and other digital content retailers cannot present a unified search or sales list to buyers (consumers) who come to the store. In the process of distribution, both the seller and the buyer are very inconvenient and time-consuming to search for goods in kind such as CDs, cassette tapes and DVDs, to search for parts in the goods in kind and to play and use demos. There was this.

Selling physical goods such as CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, etc. directly from off-line stores, or connecting a computer's hard disk or a computer owned by a vendor to any digital content database established on the Internet. In the distribution process of selling and selling contents in the form of download, it is very beneficial to the seller as well as the buyer to search and play back the actual goods and data files such as CD, cassette tape, DVD, etc. It is convenient.

If you purchase physical goods such as CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, or digital content in digital files at online or offline stores, you may find that you have an efficient index file for the sales list In the absence of expensive computers to run the management program, the general purchaser may have a specific title or inaccuracy in tens of thousands of physical products, such as CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, or in digital content databases stored in tens of thousands of digital files. It takes a lot of time and inconvenience for the seller and the buyer to search and select the desired CD or data file by the purchase information.

In addition, even if the buyer or seller easily selects a physical product or data file such as a CD, cassette tape, or DVD, the demo and the user often play a demo to preview or listen to a part of the content. If you search and select the CD or data file, you can easily play the demo by various playback hardware and software built in your computer.If not, you can play only certain digital contents such as CD player, VCD player, MP3 player. Each player must be equipped with several offline stores.

In addition, in-store stores store goods such as arbitrary CDs, cassette tapes and DVDs selected by the buyer or seller as described above, or data files obtained by digitalizing the contents thereof, such as cassette players, CD players, and VCDs. In the process of playing by the player or the MP3 player, the spot product index code, digital content index code and search list or the original index files which the sellers have proposed or implemented so far in the sales or store management arbitrarily Very uncomfortable for each of the seller and buyer.

For example, most of the audio CDs and cassette tapes that have been offered so far contain at least 20 songs on a single CD, cassette tape, and these are only spatially partitioned. When playing on an audio CD or cassette tape by a small CD player or cassette player installed in a store, to selectively play some of the songs in the middle part, the player may look at the title printed on the in-kind jacket. It is inconvenient to use multiple jacket list and player's song selection search button at the same time until the song is played by pressing the search button to search and specify the inter-zone partition space installed in the player several times. It takes a lot of time, This may cause another problem that slows down the purchase rate of the buyer and lowers the purchase motivation.

In order to alleviate the inconvenience of the demonstration playback operation by such a small CD player or cassette tape player for demonstration in an offline store, the spot commodity producer or Receive MP3 format digital files from suppliers and database them on your computer's hard disk, and install multiple MP3 players for store demo playback connected to the computer's hard disk database at the sales floor. Do not use demo audio CDs or cassette tapes. If not, the buyer can directly operate the MP3 player to search for and play the desired song.

As described above, when a buyer directly operates a demo MP3 player connected to a database stored in a computer's hard disk at an offline audio CD or cassette tape spot merchandise store, and plays a demo of a desired song, the seller may use a large number of demos. There is an economical advantage to prevent the preparation or consumption of audio CDs or cassette tapes, and the buyer can eliminate the inconvenience of holding a demonstration audio CD or cassette tape jacket and grasping singers and titles.

Many of the MP3 format digital files provided to the seller are provided with various index codes or index lists, depending on the provider, in their own way, that is, in various forms.The seller collects them and plays the demo on the computer's hard disk. In making a digital file database in MP3 format, it is very difficult and economically expensive to provide quick and convenient search for playback.

In addition, from the buyer's point of view, it takes a lot of time to search for and play the corresponding demo playback song among many MP3 format digital files by operating the buttons of the MP3 player for demo playback. Still can not be solved.

The problem of the user search and playback environment in the distribution process of various CDs and cassette tapes has the same problem in digital files for audiobooks, DVDs and various audio digital contents other than the MP3 format.

As another example, in the case of karaoke, which is a distribution process of digital content, each song produced as a digital file provided by various record companies is classified and stored in a separate Arabic numeral index number by the title or artist, or While providing an index list categorized by genre and assigning an index number to each song, the song player enters an Arabic index number to find and play the song. Later, it was inconvenient to read the Arabic numeral index number assigned to the corresponding song, and it was also inconvenient to input to the song player one by one, and there was a problem that frequently read or mistyped the input and took a long time as a whole.

The problems associated with the search and playback of digital content in audio CDs, cassette tapes, and DVD offline stores in the above-described examples include images, languages, books, pictures, learning, product information, commercial information, In the distribution or use environment of digital contents for technical information, multimedia files, etc., there is almost the same problem.

Digital contents such as images, languages, books, pictures, learning, product information, commercial information, technical information, and multimedia files may be produced as digital files, and may be sold to consumers only on-line or offline media. ,

In addition, users can search and play various digital contents in the field at the same time as displaying and storing a large amount of spot contents such as a museum, a library and a museum. Various usage environments are common.

In such various environments of using digital contents, it is important to provide prompt and convenience to the method of retrieving and playing the digital contents to each operator and users of the relevant environment, which is beneficial to each and every user.

In order to do this, in the production of a database of digital contents provided by the operator of the environment, it is common to use digital contents regardless of the creator of the digital contents, the file type, the type, and the index code assigned by the creator of the original digital contents. There is a need for some unified classification storage method that can be used and is easy to search and reproduce.

In addition, it is preferable to increase the usability of digital contents and to improve the usage environment. The digital contents can be used comprehensively in various usage environments of digital contents. A digital content reproducing apparatus, which is cheap and inexpensive, is required. Conventionally, as a technique for searching and reproducing digital contents using a bar code, "Learning apparatus using bar codes" of Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1999-83747 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 14-010183, "Media Playback Apparatus and Control Method," and Korean Patent No. 0217810, "Foreign Words, Idioms, and Short Sentence Memorandums," are provided. Although the barcode is used as the code, the use of various digital contents in the usage environment The above mentioned problems associated with the seller's sales environment or users' search and playback cannot be solved at the same time, and various digital contents can be solved without separate standardization of the index code or the index list or the sales list for the digital content being sold or displayed. It cannot be used in common in the usage environment of the digital contents, and it can not give the operator and users of the digital contents usage environment to each other quickly and conveniently in the search and playback operation of the digital contents. There is a limited disadvantage, it is difficult to implement the miniaturization of the playback device and the variety of functions at the same time, and some of them have problems that are difficult to install or carry, and high price.

The present invention is to solve the problems caused by the storage and playback of all the digital content as described above and the problems of the seller sales environment or users search and playback in the use environment of various digital content,

As an index code for every digital product stored in a storage medium, or for each unit division that can be distinguished within a product, a barcode that is widely used in various fields or a barcode symbol using the same is used. A list of indexes is created by barcodes, and the playback apparatus uses a reading device of a barcode or barcode symbol and a read signal based on the barcode or barcode symbol as a search keyword, and the digital content to be reproduced from an internal or external storage device in one unit device. It allows you to control and display the operations of searching and playing with various functions in various modes.

It can be used in common and compatible environments of various digital contents usage environments without separate standardization of index codes, index catalogs, or sales lists, and the search and playback of the digital contents can be performed by each operator and users of the digital contents. It aims to provide fast and convenient and readability to the operation, improve the utilization of digital content, improve the use environment, and provide a playback device and method using a barcode symbol that is easy to install, carry and inexpensive.

The configuration of the apparatus for reproducing digital content using a barcode according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

A barcode reading device for reading the barcode as a symbol or a number from an index list having the barcode as an index code;

An operation signal input device having a plurality of operation buttons for signal input for operation control of the digital reproduction device;

delete

A control signal input unit for analyzing and converting the barcode reading signal read by the barcode reading device and the operation signal input from the operation signal input device to the controller;

A storage device for storing a digital content data file and an index file watermarked with location information per unit section for each title or digital content, using a barcode as an index code for a plurality of digital contents to be stored;

Analyze and decode the data stored in the data stored in the storage device to extract the index file, search for the index file stored in the storage device by the barcode reading signal applied from the control signal input unit, and perform a predetermined digital corresponding to the barcode reading signal. A control unit for extracting a content data file and controlling each part to perform an operation corresponding to an operation signal for operation control of a playback device applied from a control signal input unit;

A DMA controller transferring data between the storage device, the memory, and the controller;

A digital / analog converter and amplifier for converting and amplifying the digital signal of the digital content to be reproduced from the DMA controller into an analog signal;

A speaker for outputting an output signal of the amplifier to an audible band;

A barcode number input window for displaying a barcode identification number input by the operation signal input device and the barcode reading device, an operation control state by the operation signal input device, and a title, content or operation information of the digital content retrieved by the control unit. And a liquid crystal display configured as an information display window to be displayed as a single unit. The storage device of the present invention includes a built-in storage device which is integrally provided with a playback device, or a separate network connection unit for a playback device. In addition, it can be formed in any one configuration of the network storage device connected to any one method of wired, wireless, or formed in a complex configuration having them together.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention in detail by the preferred embodiment as follows.

1 is a block diagram of a digital content playback apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the drawing, the digital content reproducing apparatus 100 may include

A barcode reader 110 for speaking the playlist 102 such as the title or location information of the digital content on the printed board and reading the barcode 103 from the index list 101 using the barcode 103 as the index code;

An operation signal input device 120 having a plurality of buttons for signal input for operation control of the digital content reproduction device 100;

A control signal input unit 130 for analyzing and converting the barcode read signal read by the barcode reader 110 and the operation signal input from the operation signal input device 120 to the controller 140;

Data files of a plurality of digital contents, and location information by title and location information by unit section are assigned to each of the data files by using barcodes as index codes of the plurality of data files, and indexes of these barcode index codes. A network storage device 151 connected by wired or wireless one way by the built-in storage device 150 or the network connection unit 152 storing the file;

Analyzes and decodes the data stored in the storage device 150 or the network storage device 151, and transmits the data to the storage device 150 or the network storage device 151 by a barcode reading signal applied from the control signal input unit 130. Search the stored index code or index file to extract a predetermined digital content data file corresponding to the barcode reading signal, and perform an operation corresponding to an operation signal for operation control of a playback device applied from the control signal input unit 130. A controller 140 for controlling each part to perform;

A DMA controller 169 transferring data between the storage device 150, the memory 170, and the controller 140;

A digital / analog converter and amplifier (180) for converting and amplifying a digital signal of the digital content to be reproduced from the DMA controller (160) into an analog signal;

A speaker 200 for outputting an output signal of the amplifier 180 in an audible band;

Displaying the identification number for the bar code input by the operation signal input device 120, or displays the operation status of each part controlled by the control unit 140, for the digital content retrieved by the control unit 140 And a display unit 190 for displaying a title or various information and operation state information of the playback apparatus.

2 illustrates an embodiment of a specific external device of the configuration of the digital content playback device 100 according to the embodiment.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 105 denotes a main body case of the digital content reproduction apparatus.

Reference numeral 111 denotes a barcode scanner, which is an implementation of the barcode reader 110, and reference numeral 112 denotes a wireless connection, which is an implementation of the network connection unit 152, for connection with the network storage 151.

Reference numeral 121 denotes a plurality of character input buttons including a number which is an implementation member of the operation signal input device 12, reference numeral 122 denotes operation control mode switching buttons, reference numeral 123 denotes a cursor movement button, , 124 denotes a playback button for playing the retrieved corresponding digital content, 125 denotes a playback control button for controlling the power on, off and playback to be stopped, and 126 denotes a search list or playlist. Indicate a list moving button for moving the status, and symbol 128 indicates a short button for additional functions of searching and reproducing operation.

Reference numeral 191 denotes a liquid crystal screen, which is an implementation device of the display unit 190, wherein the information display window 192 and the barcode number input window 193 are separated into separate sections or a single unit according to a separate operation control state on a basic screen. It has a configuration that is activated by the screen.

3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of reproducing digital content according to an embodiment by the digital content reproducing apparatus 100 of the embodiment according to the present invention.

Operation of the digital content player 100 of the embodiment proceeds as follows.

A storage device determination step (S10) of determining whether the connected storage device is an internal storage device 15 or a network storage device 151 when the power is turned on;

A bar code index code determining step (S20) of checking the presence or absence of a bar code index code for the storage devices identified and connected by the storage device determining step (S10);

If there is no barcode index code in the storage device connected by the barcode index code determining step (S20), returning to the previous step, and if there is a barcode index code, storing it in the memory 170 (S30);

An index code display step (S40) of displaying the index code stored in the memory 170 in the step S30 on the information display window 191 of the display unit 90 by the control unit 130;

Following the index code displaying step (S40), from the control signal input unit 130, a playlist such as the title or location information of the digital content from the bar code index list 101 created by the user using the bar code scanner 111 as a print medium. The playlist 102, such as the title or location information of the digital content, by viewing the barcode readout signal input by reading the barcode 103 displayed by speaking to the 102, or the barcode index list 101 created by the print media. It is judged whether or not the bar code reading signals input by using the character input button 121 by looking at the number of the bar code (103) displayed by speaking on, return to the previous step if there is no bar code reading signal, and if there is an input, the next step A bar code input signal determining step (S50);

Searching for a predetermined playback target index code corresponding to the barcode reading signal among the index codes stored in the memory 170 when the barcode reading signal is input by the barcode input signal determining step (S50);

Displaying the playlist of the reproduced digital content on the information display window 192 of the display unit 190 according to the retrieved index code in step S70 of searching the index code (S70);

The user presses the play button 124 while the play list of the reproduced digital content searched and displayed by the step S60 is displayed on the information display window 192 of the display unit 190 and transmits the play control signal to the control signal input unit 130. If input, the digital content data stored in the storage device 150 or the network storage device 151 built by the control unit 140 is extracted and, in the case of audio data, the speaker 200 via the digital / analog converter and the amplifier 180. If the playback data is text or multimedia data, or displays the text, pictures, and images on the LCD screen 191 of the display unit 190, the digital content playback step 80 is performed.

In the configuration of the present invention as described above, when the data to be reproduced in the digital content reproduction step 80 is formed only of audio data, it is possible to display the playback status of the audio data to be reproduced on the liquid crystal screen 191 of the display unit 190. It may be.

In addition, when the digital content reproducing apparatus of the present invention is to be configured for high quality multimedia file or text file reproduction only, the information display window 192 and the barcode number input window 193 displayed on the LCD screen 191 may be digital content. It can be configured to activate only during the retrieval operation, and to use the full screen as the playback display screen when playing the multimedia file.

In addition, in the configuration of the present invention, when one reproduction digital content is reproduced with a read signal by one bar code, when a new read signal by a bar code reader or a new operation signal by an operation signal input device is input, the digital content is currently in progress. The playback operation may be stopped, the digital content may be searched for by the new read signal, the playback operation may be switched, or the operation may be switched to the operational state by the new operation signal.

The barcode applied to the present invention may be any one of the recognized ones such as universal product code (UPC), CODABAR, MSI, code 39, Korean common product code (KAN), and Japanese common product code (JAN). It is preferable to apply.

However, when the digital content reproducing apparatus or the reproducing method of the present invention is used only in a specific country and is used only in a very limited or limited field or limited use environment, the configuration of the authorized barcodes is generally Considering that the ninth through the thirteenth are indications of a country code or a prequix, a short bar code using only symbols of the first to sixth to seventh digits may be applied.

In addition, the configuration illustrated in the configuration of the present invention is presented as a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, it may be carried out by various modifications and variations within the scope of the present invention.

As described above, according to the apparatus and method for reproducing digital content using a barcode of the present invention, it is universally reliably applied to almost all commodities around the world, its code system is not duplicated, and is used for various information management. By using a barcode that is easy to use by the scanner device and can be used to input accurate reading signals as an index code for digital content, a large number of producers can search and search various types of digital content using unique identification codes. It has the effect of making the reproducing work very easy.

In particular, the apparatus and method for reproducing digital content using a barcode according to the present invention uses an expensive computer for searching and reproducing audio CDs, cassette tapes, DVDs, audiobook stores, etc., in which the handling quantity reaches tens of thousands. Compared to the installation of multiple units, the installation space is occupied less, and the installation cost is greatly reduced, and when applied to a product information provider or a commercial information provider, the effect is very large.

In addition, the apparatus and method for reproducing digital content using a bar code according to the present invention, when applied to a song player of a karaoke, after the user finds the playback song from the index list that classified and printed the playlist by the barcode, the index code of the playback song The simple operation of inputting a barcode into a barcode scanner has the advantage of playing a corresponding song.

In addition, in a usage environment in which a variety of varieties, such as museums, art galleries, liquor stores, etc., require professional and considerable additional explanation for the sale or use of the product, the operator digitalizes the description of the product in a digital file. If you apply, you can maximize the usage environment of many consumers or users at a very low cost by eliminating the time and economic burden that the operator directly explains to the users. It can predict and analyze purchase (use) pattern or interest pattern, promote sales by increasing purchase (use) rate and willingness to purchase, and can be used in common in all digital contents using environment without any standardization work. And the environment manager of the digital content Provides each user with the speed and convenience of searching and playing digital content, enhancing the usability of digital content and improving the user experience. It is possible to provide a playback device.

1 is a block diagram of a digital content player according to the present invention;

2 is a diagram of an embodiment of a digital content player according to the present invention;

3 is a flowchart illustrating a digital content playback apparatus and a playback method according to the present invention.

(Short description of symbols for the main parts of the drawing)

100: one embodiment digital content playback apparatus 101: barcode index list

102: playlist 103: barcode 105: main body case of the playback device

110: barcode reading device 111: barcode scanner 112: wireless connection device

120: operation signal input device 121: character input button 122: operation control mode switching button

123: cursor movement button 124: playback button 125: playback control button

126: list shift button 128: shortened button 130: control signal input unit

140: control unit 150: storage device 151: network storage device

152: network connection unit 160: DMA control unit 170: memory

180: digital / analog converter and amplifier 190: display unit 191: liquid crystal display

192: Information display window 193: Barcode number input window 200: Speaker

Claims (6)

A barcode reading device for reading the barcode as a symbol or a number from an index list having the barcode as an index code; An operation signal input device having a plurality of operation buttons for signal input for operation control of the digital reproduction device; A control signal input unit for analyzing and converting the barcode reading signal read by the barcode reading device and the operation signal input from the operation signal input device and applying the same to the controller; A storage device for storing a digital content data file and an index file watermarked with location information per unit section for each title or digital content, using a barcode as an index code for a plurality of digital contents to be stored; Analyze and decode the data stored in the data stored in the storage device to extract the index file, search for the index file stored in the storage device by the barcode reading signal applied from the control signal input unit, and perform a predetermined digital corresponding to the barcode reading signal. A control unit for extracting a content data file and controlling each part to perform an operation corresponding to an operation signal for operation control of a playback device applied from a control signal input unit; A DMA controller transferring data between the storage device, the memory, and the controller; A digital / analog converter and amplifier for converting and amplifying the digital signal of the digital content to be reproduced from the DMA controller into an analog signal; A speaker for outputting an output signal of the amplifier to an audible band; A barcode number input window for displaying a barcode identification number input by the operation signal input device and the barcode reading device, an operation control state by the operation signal input device, and a title, content or operation information of the digital content retrieved by the control unit. An apparatus for reproducing digital contents using a bar code, characterized by comprising a single liquid crystal display unit configured as an information display window for displaying. According to claim 1, wherein the control signal input unit, even if any one of the symbol reading signal by the barcode scanner or the barcode identification number reading signal by the character input button provided in the operation signal input device from the print media barcode list is inputted digital content; Apparatus for reproducing digital content using a bar code, characterized in that to be applied as a search signal of the index file. delete The display unit of claim 1, wherein the display unit comprises a liquid crystal screen 191 divided into an information display window 192 and a barcode number input window 193, and the liquid crystal display when the playback device is a text file or multimedia file-only playback device. The information display window 192 and the barcode number input window 193 displayed on the 191 are activated separately only during the retrieval operation of digital content, and when the multimedia file is played, the entire screen is displayed as a playback display screen. An apparatus for reproducing digital content using a barcode. A storage device determination step (S10) of determining whether the connected storage device is an internal storage device 15 or a network storage device 151 when the power is turned on; A bar code index code determining step (S20) of checking the presence or absence of a bar code index code for the storage devices identified and connected by the storage device determining step (S10); If there is no barcode index code in the storage device connected by the barcode index code determination step (S20), returning to the previous step, and if there is a barcode index code, storing it in a memory (S30); An index code display step (S40) of displaying, by the controller, the index code stored in the memory by the step (S30); Following the index file display step (S40), it is determined from the control signal input unit whether or not a bar code read signal input from the operation signal input device or the bar code read device is input. A bar code input signal determining step (S50) of performing a step; Searching for a predetermined playback target index code corresponding to the barcode reading signal among the index codes stored in the memory when the barcode reading signal is input by the barcode input signal determining step (S50); Displaying a playlist of the corresponding playback digital content on the display unit according to the searched index code (S70) by searching the index code (S70); In the state in which the playlist of the reproduced digital content displayed and searched by the step S60 is displayed on the display unit, the corresponding digital content data stored in the storage device is extracted by the operation control signal from the operation signal input device operated by the user. Method of reproducing digital content using a bar code, characterized in that the reproducing output to the speaker or display via an analog converter and an amplifier, the digital content playback step of performing the operation corresponding to the operating signal. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises a network storage device having a separate network connection unit as an additional unit and connected to any one of wired and wireless systems. .