KR100488603B1 - Process for preparing a cellulose fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention dissolves 0.1 to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol in a liquid concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) in a small amount first, and then supplies the solution and cellulose powder to an extruder to mix, swell and Preparing a homogeneous cellulose solution by dissolving, extruding it through a spinning nozzle, reaching a coagulation bath through an air layer, and then coagulating, washing with water, drying and emulsifying to prepare a cellulose fiber. It is about a method.

This dissolves a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the liquid-concentrated NMMO, thereby lowering the melting point of the NMMO, so that the NMMO solution can be supplied to the extruder at a relatively low temperature. Due to the above-described reasons, not only a wide process temperature range is possible, but also swelling of the cellulose powder and the NMMO solution at a low temperature can be prevented, so that a phenomenon in which a film is formed on the surface of the cellulose powder can be prevented when using the conventional high temperature concentrated liquid NMMO. Finally, a homogeneous cellulose solution can be produced even at low temperatures.

In addition, by using a low-temperature homogeneous cellulose solution during spinning, it suppresses the property of cellulose decomposing at high temperatures in the extruder to provide cellulose fibers with excellent flexibility and strength, and also contains a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the cellulose fibers. In particular, it has excellent fibril resistance and adhesion.

Description

Process for preparing a cellulose fiber

The present invention dissolves 0.1 to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol in a liquid concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) in a small amount first, and then supplies the solution and cellulose powder to an extruder to mix, swell and Preparing a homogeneous cellulose solution by dissolving, extruding it through a spinning nozzle, reaching a coagulation bath through an air layer, and then coagulating, washing with water, drying and emulsifying to prepare a cellulose fiber. It is about a method.

Although cellulose has a very high affinity with other substances, it is difficult to dissolve as a general solvent due to the crystal structure made of strong hydrogen bonds in molecular chains or chains. NMMO is widely used among solvents that can break down this structure to prepare a solution. to be.

The manufacturing process of cellulose fiber using NMMO solvent is a pollution-free process due to the total amount of solvent recovery and reuse, and it is widely used in the manufacturing process of cellulose-based products because the manufactured fibers and films have high mechanical strength. Many of these methods have been proposed, starting with US Pat. No. 3,447,935.

US Patent Nos. 4,142,913, 4,144,080, 4,196,282 and 4,246,221 swell cellulose in an aqueous NMMO solution containing up to 50% water, and distill the water under reduced pressure from an aqueous NMMO solution containing swelled cellulose. After preparing the extrusion method was proposed to make a fiber.

Since these methods take a long time from dissolution to spinning, physical properties may be degraded by pyrolysis.

In addition, the amount of energy used is high, which contributes to an increase in manufacturing cost.

PCT International Publication No. WO 94/06530 proposes a method for preparing a cellulose solution by removing moisture with a thin film distillation apparatus, which has a disadvantage in that the apparatus is complicated and the production efficiency is low to prepare a high viscosity cellulose solution. have.

In addition, US Patent No. 4,221,574 proposed a method of swelling the cellulose sheet at 65 to 95 ℃ by using a liquid tertiary amine oxide containing 5 to 15% by weight of water as a solvent and immediately stirring and spinning it.

This method was unable to obtain a homogeneous cellulose solution because of the film formed on the pulp sheet surface.

In addition, U.S. Patent No. 4,416,698 proposes a method of spinning a non-liquid solid NMMO and cellulose pulp by stirring in an extruder. This method uses two mixed powders in a large amount, thus increasing the amount of undissolved powder in the solution. It has a big problem in production.

In addition, PCT International Publication No. WO 1997/47790 discloses, instead of cellulose pulp sheets, fibrillated cellulose powder and a highly concentrated NMMO aqueous solution having a temperature of 50 to 130 ° C. and a water content of 5 to 20% by weight in a twin screw extruder. How to do it.

This method not only raises the cost by increasing the number of replacement of the filter for removal of impurities and impurities during spinning, but also makes it impossible to produce a homogeneous cellulose solution due to the large amount of solvents remaining in the solution. There was a problem that the physical properties of the.

In addition, US Patent No. 4,416,698 and PCT International Publication No. WO 1997/47790, which present a method for preparing a cellulose solution, disclose a method for preparing a cellulose solution by mixing, swelling (pasting) and dissolving in an extruder. The methods had the disadvantage of not being able to dissolve the cellulose sufficiently.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems and disadvantages described above, to prepare an NMMO solution by first dissolving 0.1 to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol in a liquid concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) first. It includes a step. This can supply the NMMO solution to the extruder at a relatively low temperature due to the effect of dissolving a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the liquid concentrated NMMO to lower the melting point of the NMMO. This not only enables a wide process temperature range, but also allows the swelling of the cellulose powder and NMMO solution to be smoothly swelled at low temperatures, thereby preventing the formation of a film on the surface of the cellulose powder, thus producing a homogeneous cellulose solution even at low temperatures. Can be.

In addition, by using a low-temperature homogeneous cellulose solution during spinning, it suppresses the property of cellulose decomposing at high temperatures in the extruder to provide cellulose fibers with excellent flexibility and strength, and also contains a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the cellulose fibers. In particular, it is possible to produce a cellulose fiber excellent in fibrillation resistance and adhesion.

Accordingly, the present invention comprises the steps of (A) dissolving a small amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol in liquid-concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to prepare an NMMO solution in which cellulose is dissolved; (B) supplying the NMMO solution and cellulose powder to an extruder to produce a cellulose solution by mixing, swelling and dissolving in the extruder; (C) extruding the cellulose solution through a spinning nozzle, and then passing through an air layer to reach a coagulation bath to solidify it to obtain a multifilament; (D) the obtained multifilament is prepared by a process comprising the step of winding by washing, drying and emulsion treatment, (1) dry strength of 5 to 10 g / d, (2) wet strength of 4 to 10 g / d, (3) characterized by having a physical property of modulus 200 to 400 g / d.

In addition, it is preferable that the cellulose solution is continuously prepared without attaching a separate water evaporator in step (B).

In addition, the apparent diameter of the cellulose powder administered in the step (A) or (B) is preferably 500 μm or less.

In addition, after mixing, swelling and dissolving in the extruder of the step (B), the final cellulose solution is preferably a concentration of 3 to 20% by weight of cellulose relative to the total weight.

In addition, the liquid NMMO in the step (A) is preferably a water content of 10 to 18% by weight relative to the total weight.

In addition, the liquid NMMO in step (A) is preferably maintained at a temperature of 50 ℃ to 100 ℃ supplied.

In addition, the extruder used to prepare the NMMO solution and the cellulose powder in the swelling and homogenizing solution in the step (B) using a twin screw extruder and the L / D of 3 to 16 barrels or screws in the range of 12 to 64 Is preferably.

In addition, the twin screw extruder is preferably maintained at a temperature of 30 ℃ to 110 ℃.

In addition, the screw rotational speed of the twin screw extruder is preferably performed at 100rpm to 1,200rpm.

In addition, the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol of the step (A) is 500 to 6000, the degree of saponification is preferably used that is 80 to 99.9%.

In addition, the cellulose powder of the step (A) or (B) can be used by mixing with other polymer materials.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.

Figure 1 schematically shows the process sequence for producing a homogeneous cellulose solution at low temperature as an embodiment of the present invention.

The cellulose powder 4 used in FIG. 1 has a particle size of 500 μm or less using a grinder with a knife, preferably 300 μm or less.

If the size of the powder exceeds 500 μm, there is no uniform dispersion and swelling in the kneader or the extruder 5.

A small amount of polyvinyl alcohol (2) made to 500 µm or less as possible in the concentrated liquid NMMO (1) is first dissolved.

The content of polyvinyl alcohol (2) to the concentrated liquid NMMO (1) is 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight.

At this time, if the content of polyvinyl alcohol (2) is less than 0.1% by weight does not contribute to the improvement of swelling according to the temperature decrease of NMMO, when it exceeds 10% by weight does not uniformly dissolve in the NMMO solution (3) A problem occurs.

Moreover, the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol (2) used for this invention is 500-6000, More preferably, it is 1000-4000. At this time, if the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (2) is less than 500 has a slight effect on the cellulose fiber properties, and if the degree of polymerization is 6000 or more, solubility in NMMO (1) and cellulose (4) is poor. And saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 80 to 99.9%, More preferably, it is 90 to 99.5%. At this time, if the saponification degree is less than 80% does not affect the cellulose fibrillation resistance, if the saponification degree is 99.5% or more may slightly reduce the viscosity stability of the cellulose solution.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the NMMO solution having a concentration of 50% by weight is concentrated in a conventional manner to obtain a concentrated liquid NMMO (1) having a water content of 10 to 20% by weight. This is because if the water content is less than 10%, the cost of concentrating increases, which is disadvantageous in terms of economics, and when the water content exceeds 20%, the solubility is poor.

NMMO solution (3) and cellulose powder (4) in which polyvinyl alcohol (2) was dissolved in small amounts were continuously supplied to the extruder (5) maintained at 65 to 105 ° C, mixed, swelled and dissolved in the extruder (5). Prepared as a homogeneous cellulose solution.

The NMMO solution (3) in which the polyvinyl alcohol (2) is dissolved in a small amount may be supplied to the extruder (5) by a gear pump or a screw feeder, and the cellulose powder (4) may be fed to the extruder (5) by a screw feeder. It is preferable to inject.

The content of the cellulose powder (4) in the mixed, swelled and dissolved cellulose solution in the extruder (5) is 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 9, based on the degree of polymerization of the cellulose polymer, relative to the liquid NMMO (1). To 14% by weight.

In this case, when the content of the cellulose powder 4 is less than 5% by weight, it does not have physical properties as a fiber, and when the content of the cellulose powder 4 is more than 20% by weight, it is difficult to dissolve it into the NMMO solution 3, thereby obtaining a homogeneous solution.

In the present invention, the extruder (5) used to prepare the swelled and homogenized cellulose solution by administering the powdered cellulose and liquid NMMO in the step (B) is preferably a twin screw extruder, the twin screw extruder 3 to 16 It is preferable that the L / D of the dog barrel or screw is in the range of 12 to 64. If there are less than 3 barrels or less than 12 L / D of the screw, the cellulose solution has less time to pass through the barrel, resulting in undissolved dissolution and more than 16 barrels or more than 64 L / D of the screw. Excessive stress acts and the screw deforms.

In addition, in the present invention, the cellulose powder (2a, 2b) of the step (A) or (B) may be used by mixing other polymer materials or additives. Polymeric materials include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like, and additives include viscosity enhancing agents, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, carbon, and ammonium chloride.

2 is a trend of solidification temperature change of NMMO according to polyvinyl alcohol concentration, and shows that the solidification temperature of NMMO is rapidly decreased from 78 ° C. to 50 ° C. even when only a small amount (about 0.1 to 10%) of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved.

As described above, in the present invention, due to the effect of dissolving a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol (2) in the liquid-concentrated NMMO (1) to lower the melting point of the NMMO solution (3), extruder NMMO solution (3) at a relatively low temperature It can supply to (5). This enables not only a wide process temperature range but also the ability to smoothly swell the cellulose powder (4) and the NMMO solution (3) at low temperatures, thus preventing the formation of a film on the surface of the cellulose powder (4). Even homogeneous cellulose solution can be prepared.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited by the following Examples. In the Examples, the following evaluation methods and measuring methods were utilized.

(a) Homogeneity of cellulose solution

The solubility of the cellulose powder prepared in the present invention was evaluated by observing undissolved particles by polarizing microscope when the cellulose powder was dissolved in a reaction tank at 12% by weight relative to monohydrate NMMO (monohydrate NMMO), and the slide glass on which the sample was placed. (Slide Glass) The number of undissolved fractions in an area of 5 × 5 mm 2 was calculated.

(b) weight average degree of polymerization (DPw)

The intrinsic viscosity [IV] of the dissolved cellulose was measured in a concentration range of 0.1 to 0.6 g / dl at 25 ± 0.01 ° C. with 0.5M cupriethylenediamine hydroxide solution made according to ASTM D539-51T using a Uberod viscometer. .

Intrinsic viscosity is obtained by extrapolating specific viscosity according to concentration and substituting it into the equation of Mark-Houwink to obtain polymerization degree.

[IV] = 0.98 × 10 ^-2 DP _w ^0.9

(c) The physical properties of the cellulose fibers produced in the present invention were measured as follows.

Drying strength: 107 ℃, strength after 2 hours drying (g / d)

Wet strength: strength measured after conditioning at 25 ℃ for 65 hours at 65RH (g / d)

(d) Fibril evaluation

The fibrillation index (F.I.) was evaluated using the following method.

Samples of the fibers were arranged corresponding to the increase in fibrillation.

From each sample, a reference fiber length was measured to count fibrils according to the reference field, the length of each fibrils was calculated, the average fibrillation length was calculated, and the fibrillation number was multiplied by the average fibril length previously obtained. Values were set for each fiber.

The fiber showing the highest value was the most fibrillated fiber, and the fifylation index was divided by any value.

The fibrillation index 0 was attached to the fibrillated fibers as a whole and the remaining fibers were arranged at random values in the range of 1 to 10.

Example 1

Polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average degree of polymerization of 1700 and a degree of saponification of 99.5% was dissolved in NMMO. At this time, the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the NMMO solution was dissolved to 1% by weight.

The NMMO solution in which 1% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved is first injected into the twin screw extruder maintained at 78 ° C. at a speed of 6900 g / hour using a gear pump. A cellulose sheet having a weight average degree of polymerization of 1200 was put in a grinder equipped with a 100 mesh filter to prepare a cellulose powder having a diameter of 500 μm or less, and the cellulose powder was injected into the extruder at a screw feeder at 853 g / hour. Meanwhile, a liquid NMMO solution containing 1% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol was maintained at 74 ° C. and injected into an extruder. The cellulose swelling zone had a residence time of 8 to 10 minutes, followed by sufficient swelling of the cellulose powder. The block temperature was maintained at 90-95 ° C. and the screw was run at 200 rpm to dissolve completely and then discharged through the nozzle.

The discharged solution had a concentration of 11% by weight, a homogeneous state free of undissolved cellulose particles and a degree of cellulose polymerization of 945.

Example 2

Polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average degree of polymerization of 1700 and a degree of saponification of 99.5% was dissolved in NMMO. At this time, the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the NMMO solution was dissolved to 2% by weight.

Maintaining the temperature of the NMMO solution in which the polyvinyl alcohol 2% by weight dissolved at 72 ℃ first injected into the gear pump on the top of the twin screw extruder maintained at 75 ℃ at 6900g / hour speed and the weight average polymerization degree is 1200 The cellulose sheet was placed in a grinder equipped with a 100 mesh filter to prepare cellulose powder having a diameter of 500 μm or less, and the cellulose powder was extruded at 853 g / hour using a screw feeder, and the residence time in the extruder swelling zone was 0.5 to 3 minutes. The cellulose powder was swelled sufficiently in the NMMO solution, and then each block temperature was maintained at 90 to 95 DEG C in the dissolution zone in the extruder, and the screw was operated at 200 rpm to dissolve and then discharged through the nozzle.

The concentration of the discharged solution was 11% by weight, homogeneous in the absence of undissolved cellulose particles, and the degree of cellulose polymerization in the discharged solution was 980.

Example 3

In Example 2, polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 2500 and a degree of saponification of 99% was dissolved in liquid NMMO to prepare a cellulose solution and discharged through a nozzle in the same manner. The concentration of the discharged solution was 11% by weight, homogeneous in the absence of undissolved cellulose particles, and the degree of cellulose polymerization in the discharged solution was 950.

Comparative example

After cellulose with a weight average degree of polymerization of 1000 was injected into a twinscrew extruder with a liquid NMMO (monohydrate) of 89 ° C, which was ground to 500 µm or less in diameter, each block temperature was kept at 95 ° C and dissolved. It was discharged and spun.

The concentration of the solution was 11% by weight. When the solution was observed under a polarizing microscope, an undissolved powder having a diameter of 50 to 100 μm was present, and the degree of cellulose polymerization was 740.

Table 1

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example Beauty Analysis ¹⁾ 0 0 0 27 Dry strength (g / d) 7.5 7.7 7.3 4.4 Dry modulus (g / d) 310 298 267 182 Wet strength (g / d) 5.1 5.7 5.4 3.7 Fibril Index One One One 7

1) Number of undissolved pieces in the area of 5 × 5

The present invention comprises the steps of first dissolving a small amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight of cellulose powder in liquid concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to prepare an NMMO solution. This can supply the NMMO solution to the extruder at a relatively low temperature due to the effect of dissolving a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the liquid concentrated NMMO to lower the melting point of the NMMO. Due to the above-described reasons, not only a wide process temperature range is possible, but also swelling of cellulose powder and NMMO solution at low temperature can be prevented from forming film on the surface of cellulose powder. can do.

In addition, by using a low-temperature homogeneous cellulose solution during spinning, it suppresses the property of cellulose decomposing at high temperatures in the extruder to provide cellulose fibers with excellent flexibility and strength, and also contains a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the cellulose fibers. In particular, it has excellent fibril resistance and adhesion.

1 is a process schematic diagram for preparing a homogeneous cellulose solution of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a trend of NMMO solidification temperature change according to the polyvinyl alcohol concentration.

Claims (10)

(A) dissolving a small amount of 0.1% to 3% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol in a liquid concentrated N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to prepare an NMMO solution in which cellulose is dissolved; (B) supplying the NMMO solution and cellulose powder to an extruder to produce a cellulose solution by mixing, swelling and dissolving in the extruder; (C) extruding the cellulose solution through a spinning nozzle, and then passing through an air layer to reach a coagulation bath to solidify it to obtain a multifilament; (D) Cellulose fibers having the following physical properties, produced by the method comprising the step of winding the obtained multifilament by washing, drying and emulsion treatment. (1) dry strength of 5 to 10 g / d, (2) wet strength of 4 to 10 g / d, (3) modulus of 200 to 400 g / d, The method of claim 1, Cellulose fibers, characterized in that the apparent diameter of the cellulose powder administered in the step (A) or (B) is less than 500㎛. The method of claim 1, After mixing, swelling and dissolving in the extruder of the step (B), the cellulose fiber, characterized in that the concentration of 3 to 20% by weight of cellulose relative to the total weight of the final cellulose solution. The method of claim 1, Liquid NMMO in the step (A) is a cellulose fiber, characterized in that the water content of 10 to 18% by weight relative to the total weight. The method according to claim 1, wherein Cellulose fibers, characterized in that the liquid NMMO is maintained at a temperature of 50 ℃ to 100 ℃ in the step (A). The method of claim 1, The extruder used to prepare the NMMO solution and the cellulose powder in the swelling and homogenizing solution in step (B) uses a twin screw extruder and the L / D of 3 to 16 barrels or screws is in the range of 12 to 64. A cellulose fiber characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 1, A cellulose fiber, wherein the fibrils index of the cellulose fiber is 5 or less. The method of claim 1, Cellulose tjadb, characterized in that the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol of the step (A) is 500 to 6000, the saponification degree is 80 to 99.9%. The method of claim 1, The cellulose powder of step (A) or (B) is characterized in that the cellulose fiber is used by mixing with other polymer materials. A tire cord comprising the cellulose fiber of claim 1.