KR100465403B1 - Prosthetic roots, prosthetic fixtures and prostheses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus used to attach a prosthesis to one or more fixtures (1) fixed to human bone tissue. This fastener 1 has a fixing part 8 for the prosthesis and the fixing part 8 has a supporting surface 9 which engages the retaining surface 13 in the prosthesis. According to a first example of the invention, this fastener 1 on its support surface 9 is provided with a deforming device 18. It is shaped and deformed in a direction perpendicular to the support surface 9 to compensate for misalignment between the support surface 9 and the holding surface 13. According to a second example of the invention, the deformation device is also aligned to the prosthesis support surface 13 in a corresponding manner. The invention also incorporates a prosthetic fixture having a fixture with a deforming device.

Description

Prosthetic roots, prosthetic fixtures and prostheses

The present invention relates to an artificial tooth, a prosthetic fixture and a prosthesis. In particular, firstly, an artificial tooth root for implanting by bone adhesion with bone tissue so as to support a prosthesis, the artificial tooth root is equipped with a fixing part used to fix the attachment part to fix the prosthesis to the bone tissue. It includes an artificial tooth provided with a support surface aligned to engage the bearing surface on the prosthesis, secondly a prosthetic fixture comprising at least two artificial teeth, and thirdly a plurality of attachment units and bearing surfaces. As a prosthesis, a plurality of said attachment units are aligned directly to this prosthesis or on a separate prosthesis foundation, and when the prosthesis is attached to the prosthesis, the prosthesis is arranged such that the bearing surface is in contact with the support surface at an appropriate prosthetic root. It is about.

It is known to implant artificial roots in human bone tissue to attach other types of prostheses, for example dental prostheses.

In order to permanently fix the artificial root, a number of factors must be met, among other things with regard to material selection and manipulation techniques. In practice, the artificial root developed by Professor Branemark made of pure titanium with a surface with fine depressions is very good and has a long-term fixation ability. Screw-type prostheses are applied to bones, for example jaw bones, and at certain periods of time, usually undergoing treatment (osseointegration) for several months. Thereafter, the prosthesis may be installed on the artificial tooth root.

Most of these types of artificial roots are provided with outer threads, so the artificial roots are implanted screws, which are attached by screwing them in holes made in bone tissue. Sometimes the holes are pre-formed, but it is also possible to screw them with self tapping screws. Typically, artificial roots require a shorter or longer time for healing before they are exposed to significant load. On prosthetic roots, different types of prostheses may be attached and in dental prostheses, individual teeth, such as one tooth, may be attached to the prosthesis, but two or more prostheses may have multiple teeth or a whole row of teeth. It is possible to be used as an attachment point for the bridge structure comprising a. The free end of the artificial root is thus designed in an appropriate manner.

The free end of the prosthesis to which the prosthesis is to be secured, such as the fixation end, is equipped with a fixing device of the type capable of coupling the corresponding fixing device to the prosthesis. Typically, the bearing surface or prosthetic support element on the prosthesis has an attachment aligned so as to contact the support surface at the anchoring end of the artificial tooth. The support and bearing surfaces must be configured in parallel to ensure a sufficiently satisfactory action. There is no problem with a prosthesis of the type attached by means of only one artificial root, in which case the prosthesis, which is normally fixed to the artificial root by a screw joint, is fixed to the entire area when the prosthesis is screwed in place. This is because it has a bearing surface that is forced to come into contact with the support surface of the artificial root.

In many cases, the prosthesis will be secured using one or more artificial roots. This is particularly true when it involves reconstruction of the jaw when a prosthesis comprising a row of teeth is attached, but can also occur for prostheses used for other parts of the body.

When a prosthesis and a holder for such a prosthesis are attached to one or more prostheses, the prosthesis to which the prosthesis is attached and screwed in place first exerts a force on the prosthesis to a specific position, which in turn The bearing surface pressed against will forcibly squeeze in the direction determined by the support surface. In order to thread the prosthesis to the second artificial tooth and, if necessary, to the additional artificial tooth, it is preferred that the support surface and the corresponding bearing surface at the artificial tooth are configured in parallel so that no misalignment occurs. When attempting to fix the artificial root in bone tissue, of course, the effort to equip the support surface assumes the intended directions to each other with the greatest possible accuracy, and these directions must be configured to fit the corresponding bearing surface in the prosthesis. Typically, the prosthetic surface should be coplanar or at least parallel.

It is difficult to achieve this completely. In fact, it should be expected that the fixed prosthesis deviates from the intended direction. It is very difficult to secure two or more artificial roots in parallel enough, and the possibility of precise height adjustment is far from high. Even slight deviations result in a lack of engagement between the support surface and the bearing surface when the prosthesis is attached to the artificial root as described above. Since the prosthetic element or prosthetic holder is generally made of a very hard material, such as stainless steel, a defective bond cannot be corrected by the element or the holder. Instead, the contact of the support surface of one or more artificial roots becomes poor and the structure of the prosthesis is deformed when the prosthesis is tightened at the threaded joint to attach to the artificial root. In addition, these deformations propagate down the bone tissue. This causes discomfort and difficulty for the patient while reducing the functionality of the prosthesis and shortening its life expectancy.

This problem is particularly common with jaw bone reconstructions and the superstructure with tooth prosthesis is screwed in place directly on the artificial tooth root or by an attachment bar. This lack of parallelism in the prosthetic roots poses a major problem, particularly with regard to the use of prefabricated superstructures which are not intended to be individually broadly applicable. It is already known from EP 0 126 624, EP 0 370 590, and EP 0 466 267 to provide an intermediate elastic device between the prosthesis and the prosthesis to correct this inaccuracy.

1 schematically shows a device of the prior art.

2 is a side view partially showing an artificial tooth root according to the first embodiment.

3 is a view schematically showing a part of the artificial tooth root as shown in FIG.

4 is an enlarged view taken from a portion of FIG. 3.

5-7 illustrate regions corresponding to those shown in FIG. 4 and illustrate a fifth embodiment to a second embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial tooth root according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a view schematically showing a part of FIG. 8.

10 is an enlarged view of the prosthetic fixing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a length direction in which a portion of the one shown in FIG. 10 is taken.

12 is a side view showing a portion of a prosthesis according to the present invention.

13 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 12.

In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages encountered when the orientation of the artificial roots or their height position does not align sufficiently with the intended and without incorporating certain correction elements. It's about making things happen.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, according to the features of claim 1, ie the support surface is provided with a deforming device which is integral with the artificial root and which can be shaped and deformed in at least one direction perpendicular to the support surface. By means of an artificial tooth, characterized in that, and according to the features of claim 11, that is, at least one artificial tooth consists of an artificial tooth in accordance with the invention, the prosthesis fixation device additionally combining the artificial tooth A prosthesis foundation comprising a prosthesis foundation, said prosthesis foundation being arranged for securing to the prosthesis and having a bearing surface in contact with the deformer, and according to the features of claim 14, ie At least one of the bearing surfaces is deformed in at least one direction perpendicular to the bearing surface. In that a modification device is provided is achieved by a prosthesis according to claim.

The deformation device will be deformed according to the corresponding range, since when the misalignment occurs, the support surface in the artificial root or the bearing surface in the prosthesis is provided with a deformable device which can be deformable in a direction perpendicular to each surface. As a result of this, the bearing surface will be in sufficient contact with the support surface despite misalignment. Since misalignment in each direction is absorbed by this deforming device, the clamping of the retainer device will not perform any deformation in the bone tissue of the patient.

Preferably, the artificial tooth root is designed with at least rotationally symmetrical parts, the support surface being perpendicular to the central axis.

In one preferred embodiment, the deformation device is designed as an axially aligned flange coaxial with the central axis and suitably cylindrical.

It is desirable to allow the flange to align circumferentially to the flange circular support surface to provide an optimal strain distribution. This will occur due to the fact that the flange will be located as far away as possible from the central axis.

In another preferred embodiment, the flange is provided with a slot and tilted outward in the axial direction to facilitate deformation.

In addition, the outer end of the flange is pointed, ie sharpened, to provide improved resistance to deformation.

Other preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in the dependent claims.

The invention will be explained in more detail in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached drawings.

The purpose of Figure 1 is shown in schematic form to clarify the problem to be solved by the present invention. Reference numeral 101 denotes a portion of the prosthesis, for example a bridge foundation for a tooth bridge. The prosthesis portion 101 is fixed to the jawbone of a person by a number of artificial roots that are screwed into a hole made in the jawbone. In the figure only two artificial roots 102 and 103 are shown, only the upper end. Each artificial root takes a direction determined by the hole of the jawbone to be fixed. Very often, these holes are not perfectly parallel, which causes corresponding mutual misalignment of the prostheses 102, 103. When the prosthesis portion 101 is tightened against the first prosthesis, the prosthesis portion 101 becomes the first prosthesis when the corresponding bearing surface 105 on the prosthetic portion 101 comes into contact with the support surface 104. The force is exerted to the position determined by the direction of the support surface 104.

Subsequently, if the second artificial tooth 103 is deflected from parallel with the first artificial tooth 102, tightening the threaded joint located in the second artificial tooth 103 may prevent the corresponding bearing surface 107 on the prosthesis. This will cause misalignment of the second prosthesis support surface 106 associated with the contact and will be in point-to-point form as shown at 108. When both artificial roots are tightened relative to the prosthetic portion 101, the torque will develop in the same direction as shown by the arrow in each artificial root. This torque will cause deformation in the jawbone where the artificial root is fixed. The adverse effect of this is as described initially. If the position of the artificial tooth bearing surface is not aligned with respect to the height, a similar problem is encountered.

FIG. 2 shows an artificial tooth 1 having a fixed end fixed to a person's lower jawbone. At the upper end of the artificial tooth root 1, ie the anchoring end, a bar 3 is attached to hold the dental prosthesis bridge (not shown).

Typically, the fixing part 7 of the artificial tooth root 1 is designed with a screw part 4 with a conical part 5 provided at its end with a slot 6. The fixing part 7 made of titanium is fixed by an automatic tapping screw into a hole previously drilled in the jawbone 2. The upper end, the anchoring end of the artificial tooth root comprises a spacer part 8 which can be combined with the fixing part 7 to form a single part or more typically aligned as a separate device, which individual device It is screwed with a fixing part 7 provided with an insert bore (not shown in FIG. 2).

The securing end is provided with an attachment device which engages with another attachment device adapted to be applied to the bar 3, the two being attached to each other. The attachment device at the fixation end comprises a support surface 9 aligned perpendicular to the prosthetic longitudinal axis A, an axially aligned protrusion 10 extending from the support surface 9 and having a hexagonal outer profile, and a protrusion. And an interpolated bore 12 in the artificial root that is axially aligned with the top of the. The corresponding attachment device of the bar 3 includes the area of the bottom surface comprising the bearing surface 13, the through bore 14, the cylindrical conical part 15 at the upper end of the bore, the hexagonal conical at the lower end of the bore. Part 16 and retainer screw 17.

The bar 3 forms a direction that depends on the direction of the first artificial tooth root (not shown) as described in connection with FIG. 1. As already mentioned, the normal alignment B in the direction is intended to correspond to the illustrated direction A of the artificial tooth root 1. This is not the case with the drawings. Instead, an angular deflection of α ° occurs between them. The corresponding angular deflection also takes place between the support surface 9 and the bearing surface 13.

The bearing surface 9 of the artificial root is provided with a deformation device in the form of a flange 18 which is aligned at the outer periphery of the bearing surface 9 and extends therefrom. The flange is about 0.05 mm, relatively thin, and about 0.15 mm high. When the artificial tooth 1 is pulled tightly on the bar 3 by tightening the screw 17, a portion of the support surface of the artificial tooth constituting the flange will directly contact the bearing surface 13 of the bar 3. . Since these surfaces are not parallel, contact initially occurs at a single point on the flange 18. Tightening the screw continuously deforms the flange 18 in this position and when the screw is further tightened, this deformation extends throughout the flange 18. Since the deformation is plastic, the shape change is maintained. The left side of the figure shows the flange 19 deformed in this form. The deformed flange will take an end surface that is parallel with the bearing surface 13 of the bar 3 and contacts over the entire range. Accordingly, correction is made for each deflection α, and excellent contact between the artificial tooth root 1 and the bar 3 is performed and deformation is not developed in the jaw bone 2.

3 is a view schematically showing the upper end of the artificial tooth root (1). FIG. 3 is also indicated by the broken line, by means of a threaded bore 20 which engages a corresponding threaded stud end (not shown) at the spacer portion 8. It shows how it can be attached to the fixing part (7). This figure clearly shows how the axial flange 18 provided at the outer periphery of the support surface 9 at the upper end of the spacer portion 8 is formed. This is shown in FIG. 4 with an enlarged portion of the flange. In this embodiment the flange 18 is terminated in a portion of uniform thickness and perpendicular to the axial direction.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differ from those shown in FIG. 4 due to the fact that the outer ends of the flanges 18a and 18b are provided with bevels 21a and 21b on their inner and outer sides, respectively. In both cases, these bevels extend across the entire width of the flange so that pointed, ie sharp edges are formed at the outer end. The bevel may of course be arranged differently to extend only a portion of the width of the flange, leaving a flat edge surface at the outer end of the flange. Similarly, the flange may be provided with bevels on the inner side and the outer side. When the initial contact is made, the incline keeps the resistance to deformation relatively low. The resistance then increases further as the screw is tightened.

In FIG. 7, the deforming device comprises a radially aligned flange 18c, and a circular slot 22 radially aligned around the spacer portion 8 is axially flanged from the remaining spacer portion 8. Remove 18c). When the pressure is concentrated at the point farthest from the top side of the flange, the flange 18c deforms because it is bent downward toward the slot 22, as shown by the dashed line.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the flange 18e is provided with a slot 23 to facilitate deformation of the flange 18e. These are shown enlarged in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 8, the slot 23 extends axially through the entire flange 18e or through only a portion in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 9. In the case of Fig. 9, a low initial strain resistance is obtained.

10 illustrates a dental prosthesis device of particular importance in providing the advantages of the present invention. The dental prosthesis device has a bridge 30 provided with a dental prosthesis and a bar 4 to which the bridge 30 is attached by means of a number of screws 31 in the threaded hole 32 of the bar 4. With superstructure. The bar 4 is fixed in the human jawbone by three artificial roots 1, to which the bars 4 are attached by means of a plurality of screws 17, each of which is a hole in the bar 14. And screwed into the threaded bore at the appropriate artificial root (1). Each support surface 9 will be in contact with the corresponding bearing surface 13 at the bar 4 and any angular deflection will be clamped in the manner previously described by the flange 18 as shown in FIG. 11. .

Figure 12 is a side view of a bar 4 'of a type similar to that previously described, but illustrating another embodiment of the present invention. Each individual bearing surface 13 'is located adjacent to the anchoring hole 14' at the bottom side of the bar. Each bearing surface 13 'is provided with an axially aligned flange 18' concentric with the anchoring holes 14 '. As an enlarged cross sectional view, FIG. 13 shows how this flange 18 'is aligned. In this embodiment of the present invention, the flange 18 'replaces the corresponding flange of the previously described embodiment. Instead of being taken by the device of the support surface of the artificial root here, the deformation is absorbed by the deformation device at the bearing surface 13 'of the bar 4'. With respect to others, since the apparatus shown in this embodiment functions the same as previously described, it need not be described further herein. In the embodiment of the present invention, the deforming device formed as the flange 18 'can be deformed in the other manner described in the above-described embodiment in which the deforming device is located on the artificial tooth root.

Claims (14)

An artificial tooth root 1 for bone-implantation and implantation of the bone tissue 2 to support the prosthesis. The artificial tooth root 1 fixes an attachment part 8 to which the prosthesis is fixed to the bone tissue 2. In the artificial tooth root (1), which is fitted with a fixing part (7) used for the purpose of mounting, the attachment part (8) is provided with a support surface (9) arranged to engage the bearing surface (13) on the prosthesis. The support surface 9 is characterized in that it is provided with a deforming device 18 which is integral with the artificial tooth root 1 and which can be shaped and deformed in at least one direction perpendicular to the support surface 9. Artificial tooth root. 2. The artificial tooth root (1) according to claim 1, wherein the artificial tooth root (1) is at least partially shaped as a rotationally symmetric body which forms as the central axis (A) on the artificial tooth root (1), and the support surface (9) Artificial tooth root, characterized in that perpendicular to the axis. 3. The artificial tooth root according to claim 2, wherein the deforming device (18) comprises an axially aligned flange. 4. The artificial tooth root according to claim 3, wherein the flange (18) is cylindrical and coaxial with the central axis. The artificial tooth root according to claim 4, characterized in that the support surface (9) is circular and the flange (18) is aligned on the outer circumference of the support surface (9). The artificial tooth root according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a slot (23) is provided in the flange (18e). 2. The artificial tooth root according to claim 1, wherein at the axial outer ends of the flanges (18a, 18b) are inclined to at least one of a radially outer side or a radially inner side of the flange. 8. An artificial tooth root according to claim 7, characterized in that the axial outer ends of the flanges (18a, 18b) are provided with axially aligned sharp, ie sharp edges. 3. A radial slot 22 is mounted on all peripheries of the attachment portion 8 in a short distance to the inside of the support surface 9, so that the support surface ( 9) and the slot (22) forming a radially aligned ring-shaped flange (18c) used as a deforming device. An artificial tooth root according to claim 1, which is arranged to support the dental prosthesis (30). A prosthetic fixation device comprising at least two artificial teeth, At least one artificial tooth root (1) consists of an artificial tooth root according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the prosthetic fixing device additionally includes a prosthetic foundation (4) for coupling the artificial tooth. And the prosthesis base (4) is arranged for securing to the prosthesis (30) and has a bearing surface (13) in contact with the deformer (18). 12. Prosthesis fixing device according to claim 11, characterized in that the bearing surfaces (13) are coplanar. 13. The prosthesis fixing device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the prosthetic base (4) is arched to fit the jawbone of the human body and is arranged to be attached to the dental prosthesis (30). A prosthesis comprising a plurality of attachment units 14 'and a bearing surface 13' aligned directly on a prosthesis or on an individual prosthesis foundation 4 ', wherein each attachment unit 14' is a human bone. Arranged to be attached to a fixed dental root in tissue, wherein the bearing surface 13 'contacts the support surface at an appropriate artificial root when the prosthesis is attached to the artificial root. In the prostheses aligned so that At least one of the bearing surfaces (13 ') is provided with a deforming device (18') deformable in at least one direction perpendicular to the bearing surface (13 ').