KR100442450B1 - Identifying and locating objects or persons and methods thereof, monitor systems and security measures using them - Google Patents

Abstract

The network system of the programmable fixed point node 20 and the movable tag node 1 directly provides node communication possibilities with each other. The initial node is programmed in advance for the purpose of recognizing external environmental conditions, acting as a basis for logically recognized condition parameters, and for communicating with other nodes. Each node consists of three independent microprocessors 3, 4, 5 having a common memory 7, 28, and an integrated circuit 2 having control circuits 6, 27, etc. It has a separate set of registers. The first processor 3 supplies media access control and communication between the nodes, and the first processor 3 comprises wireless handheld telephones 9 and 36 for receiving and transmitting information. The second processor 5 runs the code written for special use as well as the overall operating system, and provides a direct connection to the inputs / outputs 11 and 31 for initial processing based on environmental conditions. The third processor 4 connects the communication processor 3 and the application processor 5 and handles various processes and addressing of the network. Nodes supply the entire network independently and automatically.

Description

System for identifying and locating an object or person, its method, monitor system and security maintenance method using same

Many systems have been developed and patented for the identification and positioning of an object or person, but these systems allow data to be read from an encrypted identification tag (table) or to allow data to be programmed on the tag (read-write mode). It has only been made possible by the interpretation of the reader. Almost all of these systems required the use of a central database or central processor. Examples of such systems are electronic identification systems (US Pat. Nos. 4,937,581 and 5,132,687), portable field-programmable detection microchips (US Pat. No. 5,218,343). Another identification method has developed a method for identifying tags, such as describing a protocol and thus an electronic identification tag interpretation method (US Pat. No. 5,266,925).

All of the above tags were basically memory storage units with limited response capabilities. They could not operate independently based on environmental conditions in any cognitive logic manner. There is also no mutual exchange of information between tags or system-determining operations, except through the central processing unit, even under a network arrangement.

An object of the present invention is a programmable node having the ability to respond to specific programmed external environmental conditions and to communicate with other nodes in a network by sending unsolicited messages, requesting information, or by operating a system of specific conditions. To provide a network.

It is another object of the present invention to provide each node in the network with a microprocessor and formware that provides the node with the ability to make a decision independent of the central processing unit at each node in the network.

Another object of the present invention is to use the decision capability of each node to determine the appropriate distance for each transmission depending on the context of the message.

Another object of the present invention is to use a network for object monitoring and positioning, including identification in various applications.

Another object of the invention is to provide a network for monitoring various parameters including external conditions.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is directed to a system for identification and positioning of an object or person. The present invention is particularly used for the purpose of tracking employees and materials.

1 is a block diagram illustrating a node tag component.

2 is a block diagram illustrating a fixed location node member component.

3 schematically illustrates the placement of tags and fixed position nodes for monitoring an object or person and for monitoring the identification, positioning and other condition assessment of such information;

The present invention relates to the positioning and identification of objects and persons, to monitoring them and to monitoring the relevant system parameters under such situation conditions, and to a method for controlling these situations. The present invention provides a stand-alone parameter monitoring and evaluation system and a position consisting of two or more active actuation nodes having at least one programmable, movable identification and processing tag node or at least one programmable movable fixed position node (FPN); Identification control system. The FPN is in a known fixed position and the tag node is movable in this regard. The relationship between a fixed node and a mobile node (movable tag node with relative access to one or more fixed nodes) provides a position function. All nodes are initially provided with an identification code indicating where each node will be installed and who monitors what. The movable tag node is also programmable and allows to monitor, store, modify, and process environmental conditions at its various locations.

Each of these nodes includes means for direct communication between nodes without a central processor and means for determining capability. The tag node further includes means for communicating in response to another tag node or FPN via wireless communication.

Individual nodes (movable and fixed) include power sources such as long-term batteries for the mobile node and wire power for the fixed node. The nodes also further include pre-programmed microprocessors and memory elements to recognize and investigate external environmental conditions as needed and to act on the basis of the recognized condition parameters (received via input and output means), for example And further means for communicating with other nodes for full or partial network operation via transceiver means. The communication distance through the wireless transceiver is determined by the microprocessor means and relates to the transmitted message. The external environmental condition information is obtained via radio survey through communication interaction from other nodes and from input / output devices connected thereto.

Each tag node and FPN is marked with a unique ID number, thereby addressed and identified. Each node is controlled to be operated by a node and consists of an integrated circuit having at least three independent microprocessors that share a common memory and control circuit but have separate register sets.

In the above integrated circuit, in a preferred embodiment, the first microprocessor or communication CPU provides media access control, and provides a connection to the transceiver to provide inter-node (e.g. between tag and FPN; between tags or between FPN and FPN). To allow information to be sent and received.

The second microprocessor is an application CPU that executes code written for the specific use of the node. This second microprocessor is provided with direct connections to input and output devices for initial processing based on environmental conditions as programmed and for interaction with humans for input and reception of information. Examples of input means include condition sensors such as keypads, temperature gauges, and the like. Examples of the output means include an LCD display and a voice alarm.

The third microprocessor, or network CPU, connects the application CPU to the communication CPU and handles network variable processing, addressing, transaction processing, authentication, network management, and the like.

Microprocessors with additional digital circuits, i / o (input and output) and communication hardware, and with specific application configurations and power supplies, can be used to determine the location, monitoring of preprogrammed environmental conditions, and logic with external surveys for logical control transactional operations. Provides network components that can operate independently in certain confined, interactive regions. Specific applications include the location of employees in the workplace. Other applications include locating in-hospital doctors and equipment, finding patients, monitoring product and inventory locations and production in warehouses or factories, automating time and travel studies, cargo transportation monitoring, and security applications in university settings. Unauthorized input monitoring in locations and temperature monitoring of perishable inventory. Individual nodes provide intelligent processing. For example, to locate an employee or the like under security, a tag node is programmed with a security level parameter so that the system can determine the proper location for the tag and its wearer. In addition, the tag node contains the employee location information and processing profiles of work habits and time spent on tasks or specific task functions. The tags can be programmed to recognize normal usage patterns and to sound an alarm if such patterns are misaligned. The use of a central processor can be obtained because of the processing and communication power consumption of tags and FPN functions that are always required.

The invention further encompasses the specific use of such network systems for applications in hospitals, factories, warehouse environments, university settings, cargo transport monitoring, and the like.

The system uses specific formware to run on the second microprocessor (application CPU) and specific monitoring using input / output devices connected to the microprocessor and the appropriate network configuration to run on the third microprocessor (network CPU). Or configured to suit the needs of the identification application.

Communication and interconnection between two or more FPN or tag nodes results in a network. The three microprocessors of the above description, combined into one integrated circuit, are now commercially available, particularly the Neuron ^R 3150 produced by Motorola and Toshiba, which is desirable for use at each tag node and FPN. In these integrated circuits, the first microprocessor (communication CPU as described above) processes the media access algorithm (predictable P-persistent CSMA). The second microprocessor processes the application code. The final microprocessor handles network processing and network management.

In a preferred integrated circuit, in the case of multiple microprocessors, each integrated circuit contains a unique 48-bit ID stored in a read-only memory, which facilitates network addressing and identification. In accordance with the present invention, one tag node receives a message from an FPN or another tag node having the node's ID number, and therefore sends back only an intelligently sent response to the sending node. Messages between different tag nodes and FPNs can be implemented using identified services, requests / responses, unconfirmed services, etc .: Most applications use verified services and indicate that the sending node has received a message. Make sure you know. In addition, certain messages, such as alerting to security such as intrusions, are prioritized to grant first access to the network when applicable under the above protocol. The total memory (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, etc.) is preferably at least 64K to allow sufficient application code and data storage.

To ensure a sufficient level of safety, certain messages can be sent using the authentication-key algorithm. This allows tags to be acknowledged before any changes are made to the messages thus wishing to change the security level of the employee. Another function of the system is the presence of network variables, which allows variables from one node (tag or FPN) to be specifically bound to another variable of another node.

In addition to the microprocessor, each node (tag or FPN) has a power source (in the case of a tag node, the power source is preferably mobile, such as a battery), a memory, a transceiver (transmitter-receiver), and a constant input / output device (I / O). ). The transceiver provides a communication connection between the node and the rest of the network. Communicate with FPN or other tags by using a wireless transceiver to provide wireless communication. This allows objects and people to be part of the network without intervention by only being within the "contactable (capturing) area", i.e., the area suitable for communication. The distance of the "contactable area" is changed based on the output of the transceiver and the antenna movement. The "contactable area" defines the identification of the FPN relative to the relative position of the tag node. Suitable wireless transceivers can be purchased from R-Net, Utilitycom and Telson. The FPNs are interconnected using twisted pair lead methods, power lines, wireless, link power methods, and the like. I / O devices may provide a human interface to tags or FPNs, such as keypads and displays, or may provide connectivity to other sensors and actuators, and the tags or FPNs are adapted to monitor. Communication between nodes in operation is based on message delivery, as illustrated by the following interchanges.

At the sending node, an application CPU (based on timer, i / o input, etc.) needs to send a message over the network to communicate certain information to other nodes as a "network variable" updated by the application processor. Determine if there is. When updated, the variable is transferred to a network buffer by the network CPU (which occurs in the memory shared between the network and the application CPU, ie an application buffer). The network CPU then modifies the memory to include other information, such as addresses (to and from), and some special processing information, such as authentication. The address of the system node to which a particular message is sent is stored in memory at installation time. The communication CPU monitors network communication until the communication channel is cleared, at which time the CPU transmits messages in the network via media such as twisted pair wires, radio frequencies and the like and through the transceiver. The algorithm used to determine when a message is sent is a predictable P-persistent CSMA.

The message moves along the network until it is attenuated by the media to the point that it cannot be recognized as a valid message. Only nodes within the defined reachable network area (i.e., based on the nature of the transceiver) will receive one valid message.

At the receiving node a message is received via a transceiver through which a message is sent to a communication CPU. The communication CPU allows the received message to contain a valid valid format. If so, the message is stored in its network buffer. The network CPU, knowing that the message has been received, decrypts the message to check if the message should have gone to such a node. If not, the message is discarded. If so, further inspection or processing, such as authentication and verification, is performed as needed. The new value of the network that is available is extracted and sent back to the application program of the application CPU through the application buffer. The program then uses the new value according to the parameters of the particular application.

With respect to all of these nodes, there is an operating range or usable area in which tags can communicate with other nodes. The range of operation will vary depending upon the particular application or application and message transmission type. For example, in an employee monitoring application, the usable area of the FPN monitoring the employee security level is limited to access or a single room (room). Also, if the FPN wants to find an employee who wants to enter such a room, it sends a person-tagged message to reach the door only. If the FPN wants to determine the names of all employees in the room, the message will be sent over the distance covering the entire room. The usable areas of the various tags or FPNs, which typically have a circular configuration for optimal operation, may be somewhat overlapped to ensure complete area coverage by at least one node. By receiving location feedback from two or more FPNs, the tag is automatically found in a narrower space in the overlapping area between each usable area.

In some applications it is also desirable to connect a human interface to the network. In such a case, a personal computer or the like can identify and change information on the network that is connected to the network and allowed access and thereby achieve network communication.

In particular, system operation according to employee monitoring and access control application is as follows.

Example 1-Security and Timecard Application

The employee wears a tag in which information is programmed into the memory, in particular including the employee identification means such as the employee name, employee ID number, and the like. For time management purposes, a means of tracking employee time is provided by tracking the employee's time, such as the time spent at the employment location, such as the total time worked. This feature also provides a means for tracking specific employees. In addition, for security applications, the tag contains the employee's security level, the electronically stored employee's fingerprint, and a secure PIN number. Security traversal as used in this regard specifically determines which door (and therefore the specific area), at what time and date the employee entered.

At least one FPN will be placed throughout the workplace, at least for each room or area to be monitored, along the corridor, entry and exit locations, and employee parking locations. Nodes at entry and exit locations constantly send a "Person Find-Tag" message. The tags receive such a message and respond to their security level to determine if the employee is allowed to enter. The FPN output means causes the door to open for access when it is deemed valid by the correct level of security on the tag or by the use of a PIN. However, if a group of employees would enter and exit a single time with only one valid signal to open the door, all tags would have to be verified. If either tag indicates that the employee is not allowed access, a security alert will be issued. The actual monitoring of tag usage can be inspected by employees, who must either combine the FPN into a mobile sensor input to prevent entry without a corresponding tag message, or prevent the door from entering without a tag. do.

When a tag (and therefore the employee) is allowed to enter the building, it stores the entry time and location in memory. An FPN located on the exit door path that consistently generates a "People Found-Tag" message when the employee leaves the occupancy location contacts an existing tag with the current time and date. The tag calculates the total work time (i.e. total time in the work place) and then sends the calculated time to the FPN. This information is stored and used for payment or other employee evaluation purposes.

Interior doors and areas are secured in the same way as in exterior passageways. Tags are programmed to have different levels of security depending on the time of day or purpose of the date. The tags have a photograph of the employee laminated on the case for visual inspection. In addition, unique biometric information, such as the shape of the subject fingerprint, is stored in the tag memory. When an entry request is made, the subject checks his or her thumb fingerprint using a fingerprint reader. The fingerprint shape is compared with the stored shape on the tag. There will be a match and the door will open. If it does not match, a security alarm sounds. Other biometric information may also be stored on the tag. The tag is loaded with personal data of the employee in order to back up to the latest data, and a randomly presented question related to such data is imposed on the employee and an answer is input through a keyboard or the like. The correct answer allows access.

To continue to allow building access, the tag is initially programmed to have an end date. Each month, the tags refer to valid nodes that store the current security validity level in order to compare their clearance with current employees. Contractors and visitors are provided with an appropriate clearance valid for a short period of time, which can be updated or erased as needed, with a message sent to all FPNs to locate the tag. If a tag is not present in the building with respect to its validity, a new parameter is stored in the memory of each access FPN for one month or until the tag enters the appropriate area and is modified or erased. These changes are then updated in the valid node. If the monthly time limit expires, the tag will automatically become invalid and become effective again according to the changes made at the time by the security office. Because of the communication link between the tag, valid node, and FPN, tags are automatically changed without the need for collection and return of the tags.

The radio transceiver does not require the employee to remove the ID badge from them, eliminating the need to search through the card with the time entry record. Thus, there is no need to repeatedly scan the cards of authorized groups of employees (ie, if multiple employees enter and exit the aisle at the same time, their badges are not required to be valid individually). When recording each employee's movement, the employee's location is always known for monitoring and bidirectional paging.

Each tag is encoded with a unique identification marker, such as the employee's name or employee ID number, which can be used to find an employee or group of employees (such as a doctor in a hospital, etc.) in the work area. The FPN is accessed via the i / o port with the entered employee number (name or ID number) and generates a location message. The location message is sent to all FPNs that inquire about all tags in the usable area of the relevant area. The found tag acknowledges receipt of a message with location identification to the sending FPN. An audible sound in the employee tag alerts the wearer regarding paging and displays a personalized message on the LCD screen. The adjacent FPN generates a new message indicating that the tag in question is in the usable area, and sends it back to the initial FPN to inform the person in need of where the person or other person is looking. Similarly, the response is sent to the original pager or to someone else.

Human interface node (HI) is a node (human interface node), polling any node in the network that can be reached from the human connector node (recommended to send a specific terminal), stored in the node memory Any information can be retrieved. An example of this possibility is as follows. Software running on the human connector HI allows the manager to view the employee's location. In addition, it enables managers to edit the statistics of employee work habits. A valid node, such as a HI node, includes all security clearances, and the manager can view or change the valid node at any time from such a human connector HI. Therefore, the manager has a list of employees and their clearance by accessing the network. In addition, a computational HI node that accepts information from tag nodes to track work time (as entered and exited) includes calculation software, and work time is accumulated on a weekly and monthly basis. This information is then used for payroll purposes.

Specific embodiments of the present invention in hospitals, manufacturing convenience, freight transportation and universities are as follows.

Example 2-hospital

Tag nodes can be worn by doctors, patients, and other hospital staff, and attached to important mobile devices for various functions related to monitoring, identification, and location. By tracking the location of each tag, the system provides a security function that allows only authorized personnel in restricted areas, and also limits the use and movement of the tag device.

Although most patients are in a fixed position (hospital bed or enclosed environment), patients who tend to wander can be detected. By consistently monitoring the doctor and patient position, the call can be directed to the phone closest to the doctor and patient, thus acting as a two-way paging system. In one embodiment, information input keypads are provided on the tag to allow information to be remotely transferred to other tags, examples of which may include hospital equipment, staff, or patients of specific physicians.

In an emergency, the patient or nurse can call the closest physician by activating the tag by pressing a button. The present system can make this determination by polling the FPN closest to the FPN receiving the emergency message. Similarly, hospital staff can find the nearest medical equipment, such as EKG equipment, by entering a code that finds the equipment in that condition. A terminal monitor or the like will inform the location of the equipment closest to the requestor. The patient's history stored in the tag's memory can be used directly by the attending physician. Patient prescription information or meal schedules can be stored in memory to increase the accuracy of treatment and to alert staff when medications or meals are missed. Send it). Without this confirmation message, the patient's tag will beep and the relevant hospital staff's tag will be notified.

Example 3-manufacturing facility

The system can be used as a time card system, a two-way paging device, and employee tracking means, and tags worn by employees can automatically track entry and exit times, and track productivity by tracking a given device or task. Can be. By using tags in the inventory workflow through the use of production equipment monitors, the planner is informed about the quantity, location and monitor role throughout the production process.

The employee tag is used to measure employee's use of equipment with respect to output and time to measure employee performance and track labor costs (e.g., which employee worked for what time and in what order). In this mode, the tag communicates with the FPNs attached to the output of the machine. The machine for identifying the employee using the machine is automatically adapted to the needs of the user, for example, such as the convenience of a person with a disability or the need for a special work order.

Specific size tags with keypads are attached according to the work order, distributed appropriately in the workplace to monitor the stage of production processing by input / output means, and production rate data is input into tags and completed by field engineers. The internal and external qualities stored in the tag are optimally compared to the reference. The data can be used to determine the path of the work order. Significant differences in failure rates indicate that work processes are not being controlled and the supervisor will be notified immediately by the tag or by direct inquiries of the tag via the previously described communication link.

By monitoring the time spent at various workstations, as well as storing information about specific employees working in a certain work order, production costs are selected and quickly and accurately associated with a particular work order. The procedure is accomplished by the tag associated with the employee communicating with the tags associated with the work order and with the FPNs associated with the equipment. In addition, the status of the work order can be evaluated in real time.

The tag is also useful for monitoring inventory location, quantity, duration, environmental conditions, and the like. As for the employee's location, the inventory location may be found by the same method as described above. The tag is initially loaded with a product, source, or other identifying information, and the recruitment of all tag identifications is used to identify the particular item and also provides information about the quantity of inventory. The tag is initially dated so that such a date is used, thereby facilitating the use of the FIFO method. Several instruments are attached to the tag i / o means (input / output means) to provide suitable environmental conditions such as, for example, the temperature at which the product is stored or the temperature the product must maintain during storage. When inventory is output, the data is entered directly into the appropriate tags. In the case of pre-determined parameters, such as when inventory falls below a certain level, inform the purchasing staff staff tag to restock the required items.

When the production line is interrupted or an emergency problem occurs, the bi-directional capability of the tag greatly enhances the efficiency.

Example 4-cargo transport monitoring

In freight transportation, tags are stored on trains, trucks, and containers that store information about cargo types, origins, destinations, current locations, and so on, resulting in electronic loading statements. The tag then communicates about location and status at a predetermined time interval or at a location near a road node or track (rail) side. In addition, the tag is programmed to supply real-time fuel consumption information, refrigerator, car monitoring and the like.

The registration information is stored on a tag of the truck to communicate with the weight sensor during the movement to store the weight and the like. Competent authorities such as highways, bridges and tunnels with FPN can read relevant information from the truck without stopping the truck. If required, the tag input lines of a truck or other vehicle can be connected to a speedometer, odometer, brake or fuel gauge that detects a driver or vehicle driving.

Example 5-University Identification and Security Card.

In university or other campus equipment settings, the FPN is distributed across the equipment to receive alerts from the individual wearing the tag. When a button on a tag is pressed, the FPN in that area accepts the alarm signal from the tag and triangulates that area to determine the specific location. The triangulation is accomplished by the FPN receiving a distress signal in communication with the surroundings to determine which messages have been received. When the area is correctly identified, the signal is sent to the HI node in the nearest security center. A return confirmation signal, for example an audible tone in the tag, confirms that help is in progress. As an additional function achieved by using the same FPN grid, "guard-tour" allows guards (guards) to reach their guard positions at scheduled times.

Other uses of the tag include storing student or employee identification numbers or university account information. University account information is used for on-campus purchasing and library management. Students can use tags to keep budgets that monitor and track their wasting habits. By using a genuine authentication algorithm, you can eliminate fake access.

The triangulation function mentioned above can be used to locate a particular item or person as required by location input from two or more FPNs. By providing a variable communication range (according to the power output) to the FPN, the triangulation position can be used more effectively by extending the communication range, where the FPN is in a "capture zone".

In FIG. 1 a block diagram of the basic hardware components associated with a tag node 1, which is a control device located on an object, is shown. The tag node 1 comprises an integrated circuit 2 having three microprocessors 3, 4, 5 and firmware 6 associated therewith. The firmware 6 includes a general purpose communication protocol, specific application code and network configuration for specific application code. The firmware 6 is stored in both the on-chip memory 7 and the off-chip memory 8. The integrated circuit 2 is also coupled to a portable radio transceiver (telephone) 9. The wireless transceiver receives a digital signal from the microprocessor and converts it into an electromagnetic signal transmitted through the antenna 10.

In addition, the antenna 10 receives the electromagnetic signal and sends it to the wireless transceiver 9, and converts the received electromagnetic signal into a digital signal sent to the integrated circuit (2).

Each tag node 1 is operated by a long life battery 12. Depending on the particular application of the system, the integrated circuit 2 has various input and output devices 11. The input and output device 11 may include a sensor or actuator such as a keypad or a display.

2 is a basic hardware component block diagram related to the FPN 20. In the present invention, the node (FPN) 20 has two main components: the monitor node 22 and the router hardware 21. The power supply 32 means supplies power to both parts of the system. The remainder of the monitor node 22 is the same as the tag node 2 except that communication takes place via the twisted pair transceiver 30 and that the firmware 27 is modified to suit a particular application. The specific firmware 27 is stored in the on-chip memory 28 and the off-chip memory 29. A constant input and output device 31 is connected to the integrated circuit.

The router hardware 21 translates messages between different media types, i.e., between the radio transceiver of the tagnode and the monitor node 22 twisted pair transceiver in the present embodiment. The message leaving the monitor node 22 travels along the network 37 and is received by the twisted pair radio transceiver 36. The transceiver converts the signal in the network 37 into a digital signal recognizable by the router hardware. The signal is then changed into a form that can be recognized by the radio transceiver 34 and then propagated over the air via the antenna 33. Similarly, a message received from the tag node is eventually translated into the network after being translated through the router 21.

In FIG. 3, as an example of a location and security (security) application, an FPN 101 with a specific question range at an entrance is installed, which can overlap with other node ranges in the system. As shown, the employee wearing the tag node 201 passing through the doorway generates a question conversation between the FPN and the tag node in relation to the security security clearance and employee ID (identification of identification). When the pass is allowed, the lock of the door 110 is operated by the FPN node 101, opened to allow the employee to enter a specific area, and records of the entry time and date are entered into the tag node. If the employee leaves the area, the FPN node 101 communicates with the tag node 201, records the time exiting the doorway, and calculates the total time spent in the workplace from the entry data recorded prior to the tag node. do. The total time is then sent through the FPN to a calculation (account) node for payment (wage) calculation.

The position of the employee in the workplace is achieved by the conversation of the connected FPN (relative to the tag node within the scope of the question) until the tag node is found. The location of the tag node (the employee's location) is communicated to the question requester through the network of question tag nodes.

A similar type of operation may be performed by a doctor, patient or medical device within a hospital facility; Location of inventory and products within warehouses or factory facilities; It is possible with regard to the freight transport location of the goods mentioned above. It is to be understood that the above examples of use are examples of use of the invention, and that changes in the system, questions and answer protocols, elements of the system may be possible without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (41)

One or more programmable, positionable and processable tag nodes (1) 201, and programmable fixed position nodes (FPNs) 101 capable of communicating with one or more of the tag nodes. Is an identification and positioning network system for locating, identifying, and monitoring the location of the tag node with respect to FPN, Each of the nodes has an integrated circuit 2 having programmable microprocessor means 3, 4, 5, an identification number (ID number), transmission and reception means 9 for receiving and transmitting information, memory storage means 7, 8) each node can communicate with each other without a central processor. The tag node further includes a power source 12 and an antenna 10, The FPN 101 or tag node 201 includes interface means 11 and 31 to achieve an interface with human or object entry and exit; The integrated circuit comprises three or more independent microprocessors (3, 4, 5) that share a common memory and control circuit but have separate sets of registers, The first microprocessor 3 comprises a communication CPU adapted to provide media access control and communication between nodes, and characterized in that it receives and transmits information, including a connection to transceiver means. Identification and positioning system of an object or person. 2. An application CPU according to claim 1, wherein said second microprocessor 5 comprises an application CPU adapted to execute recorded code for identification and positioning of a particular object or person, Direct connection of an interface for interaction with a person for initial processing and directed entry and exit based on environmental conditions as pre-programmed into said second microprocessor. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein a third microprocessor (4) comprises a network CPU adapted to connect the application CPU (5) to a communication CPU, wherein the third microprocessor is configured for network variable processing, addressing, transaction processing, authentication and An identification and positioning system for an object or person, characterized in that it is adapted to handle network management. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein a message between nodes is executed to allow the transmitting node to know its message. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein said node comprises said common memory consisting of RAM, ROM, and EEPROM, and said memory is greater than or equal to 64K. The system of claim 1 wherein the tag node is programmed with a security level parameter to allow the system to determine the location of the tag and its wearer. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the tag node electronically stores biometric information of the wearer. 7. The correct response of claim 6, wherein the tag node contains the wearer's personal data, the tag node presents any questions to the wearer, and the tag node responds correctly to enter a secure protected location programmed with an appropriate security level parameter. Identification and positioning system of an object or person characterized by this requirement. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the tag node comprises means for enabling the tag node to change or revoke the security level parameter remotely through the transmitting and receiving means. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the security level location has a motion detector to detect entry of a person who is not wearing a tag node. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the tag node is adapted to retain location information and a processing profile of the employee's work habits and time spent in the job or specific work function. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein one tag node is adapted to receive one message from a node having another node as its tag node with the ID number of the sending node, whereby the receiving node sends a response to send only to the sending node. System for identification and positioning of an object or person, characterized in that for return. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the tagnode further comprises paging means for permitting the wearer's remote two-way paging. 14. An object according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises an alarm actuating element such that when said paging means is actuated to cause one or more FPNs to receive an alarm signal from a tag node having an alarm actuating element within one communication area range. Person identification and location system. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the FPN is placed in an area to be monitored and has an overlapping question capture zone determined by the range of the transceiver at the entry and exit position, wherein the FPN at the entry and exit position is a "seek-tag". -tag) " message, whereby a tag node that has entered the capture zone communicates with the FPN, receives and stores messages from the FPN, and then stores access times and locations in the tag node memory. Whereby the exit FPN constantly sends a "People-Tag" message when the tag node leaves through the exit, thereby leaving the exit with the time and date information leaving the exit and contacting the tag node, and Identifying and estimating objects or persons characterized by the tag node calculating the total working time defined as the total time the tag node has been in the monitored area. Chi checking system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the capture zone area distance is changed based on the output of the transceiver such that the capture zone area defines the identification of the FPN relative to the relative position of the tag node. Identification and positioning system. The tag node has a size that can be attached to the work order in the production equipment, and allows the tag node to monitor the steps of production processing at the production equipment via an interface means, and internal and external production processing stored on a tag node. Allow quality to be compared to finished specifications, Whereby the actual steps of the production process deviate from the specifications, indicating a certain process that is not controlled, thereby enabling the tag node to notify the supervisor of the uncontrolled process. Monitor system including identification and positioning system of protest object or person. The object of claim 1, wherein the tag node is fixed to a specific patient, and the pharmaceutical or diet information of the patient is stored in the tag node's memory and made available to the attending physician through an interface means. Monitor system including human identification and positioning system. Means for securing a tag node to a particular patient, allowing the patient's health history to be stored in the tag node's memory for use by the attending physician, and to inform hospital staff when medication or meals are missed A monitor system comprising an identification and positioning system of an object or person of claim 1 for use in a hospital. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein a tag node is secured to the attending nurse, and the nurse's tag node is provided with means for sending a confirmation message to the patient's tag node when the drug or meal is administered to the patient. Means for ensuring that the patient is suitable for the patient and causing the patient's tag node to beep when there is no confirmation from the nurse nurse tag that the medicine or meal is appropriate. Check system include monitor system. One FPN is fixed to production equipment, a tag node sends a signal to the FPN to identify the tag node wearer, and the equipment has pre-programmed operation of the equipment and has the identification information from the FPN to meet the requirements of the wearer. A monitoring system for use in customizing the operation of the equipment, including the identification and positioning system of the object or person of claim 1 which allows for alignment. The object of claim 1, wherein a tag node is attached to an inventory line item, and item identification information related to the inventory item to which the tag node is fixed in the tag node's memory is initially assigned, and the tag node is used for each inventory item. Monitor system for use in inventory control, including human identification and location systems. 23. The monitor system of claim 22, wherein said identification information includes an initial entry date of said item in inventory to permit determination of a stock period of said item. 23. The monitoring system of claim 22, wherein the tag node includes an interface means to measure environmental conditions for inventory items. 25. The monitor system according to claim 24, wherein said interface means comprises a temperature gauge. 23. The inventory depletion warning device of claim 22 wherein the monitor system comprises an additional node comprised of pre-programmed inventory level parameters, and upon inventory depletion and tag node removal. Monitor system for use in inventory control. The identification of the object or person of claim 1, wherein the tag node is secured to the vehicle and the tag node's memory is capable of providing an electronically stored stowage declaration including stored information relating to the cargo. A monitor system for use in monitoring the transport of cargo through a vehicle comprising a positioning system. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein said tag node is programmed and adapted to monitor real time fuel consumption of said vehicle via said interface means. 28. A monitor system according to claim 27, wherein said tag node is programmed and adapted to monitor environmental conditions for said cargo through said interface means. 28. A monitor system according to claim 27, wherein said conveying means comprises a truck and said tag node is programmed and adapted to monitor the performance of the truck itself and the driver via an interface means. . a. One or more FPNs are fixedly placed at a predetermined location point in the designated area, each FPN has its own unique identification number, b. Provide a tag node with a unique identification number to the object or person, c. Cause the FPN to send a person lookup message to the tag node having its own identity by means of the unique identification number, the tag node having its own response to the FPN having the recognition response or the node closest to the tag node. Have an identification number, and d. Identifying an FPN or node that receives an acknowledgment by its own identification number, thereby searching for an object or person wearing the tagnode associated with the identified FPN or node, A method for identifying and locating an object or person within a specified area using the identification and positioning system of the object or person of claim 1. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the person is an employee and the designated area is the employee's workplace. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein the FPN is located at the exit and the entrance of the workplace, whereby the entry and exit of the tag node is displayed and stored in the memory storage means of the tag node with an indication from the FPN in communication. The FPN further comprises clock / calendar means for associating the exit and inlet to a particular time, wherein the stored information of the outlet and inlet time is processed by the processor means to calculate the calculated number of tag nodes present in the workplace. Calculating time and identifying an object or person. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein said calculated time is sent to calculation means for determining salaries for employees wearing the tag node. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the person is a doctor and the designated area is a hospital. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the person is a patient and the designated area is a hospital. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the object is a movable medical device and the designated area is a hospital. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the object is an item of inventory and the designated area is a warehouse having a plurality of inventory items. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the object is a work order and the designated area is a factory used to produce an article according to instructions from the work order. 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the object is an article carried by a conveying means and the designated area is a path of movement of the conveying means. Using the identification and positioning system of the object or person of claim 1, a. Program the security level on the tag node, b. Program a secure access level at a fixed location FPN adjacent to the entrance to the designated area. c. Allow the FPN to query the tag node about the security level programmed on the FPN, d. Allowing the FPN to allow access to the entrance only if the level of security meets or exceeds the level of security access.